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Wang Y, Ji M, Xing M, Bao A, Wang D, Li L, Song G, Yuan T, Gong J. Effects of ultrasound and thermal treatment on the interaction between hyaluronic acid and lactoferrin: Preparation, structures and functionalities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132812. [PMID: 38825275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Complexes of polysaccharides and proteins have superior physicochemical and functional properties compared to single proteins or polysaccharides. In this study, lactoferrin-hyaluronic acid (LF-HA) complexes were prepared by both ultrasonic and thermal treatment. Appropriate preparation conditions, including ultrasonic and thermal treatment conditions, have been established. The complexes formed by different methods were structurally characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Ultrasound formed non-covalent binding, while thermal treatment generated covalent bonding, altering the structure of LF. The LF-HA complexes showed improved heat stability, foaming stability, emulsifying activity and antioxidant capacity, but deceased foaming ability. Iron binding ability could only be improved by HA through thermal treatment. Moreover, the in vitro digestibility of LF-HA complexes decreased to below 80 % compared to LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Miao Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Mengjiao Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Anxiu Bao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Danli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China.
| | - Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Gongshuai Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Tinglan Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
| | - Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm Product, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China.
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Zhang N, Sun Q, Li J, Li J, Tang L, Zhao Q, Pu Y, Liang G, He B, Gao W, Chen J. A lipid/PLGA nanocomplex to reshape tumor immune microenvironment for colon cancer therapy. Regen Biomater 2024; 11:rbae036. [PMID: 38628547 PMCID: PMC11018539 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy provides a new strategy for tumor treatment; however, the insufficient infiltration of cytotoxic T cells and immunosuppression in tumor microenvironment lead to unsatisfied effects. Herein, we reported a lipid/PLGA nanocomplex (RDCM) co-loaded with the photosensitizer Ce6 and the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor 1MT to improve immunotherapy of colon cancer. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) as the targeting moiety was conjugated on 1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid via polyethylene glycol (PEG), and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) peptide inhibitor DPPA (sequence: CPLGVRGK-GGG-d(NYSKPTDRQYHF)) was immobilized on the terminal group of PEG via matrix metalloproteinase 2 sensitive peptide linker. The Ce6 and 1MT were encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles. The drug loaded nanoparticles were composited with RGD and DPPA modified lipid and lecithin to form lipid/PLGA nanocomplexes. When the nanocomplexes were delivered to tumor, DPPA was released by the cleavage of a matrix metalloproteinase 2-sensitive peptide linker for PD-L1 binding. RGD facilitated the cellular internalization of nanocomplexes via avβ3 integrin. Strong immunogenic cell death was induced by 1O2 generated from Ce6 irradiation under 660 nm laser. 1MT inhibited the activity of IDO and reduced the inhibition of cytotoxic T cells caused by kynurenine accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. The RDCM facilitated the maturation of dendritic cells, inhibited the activity of IDO, and markedly recruited the proportion of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic T cells in CT26 tumor-bearing mice, triggering a robust immunological memory effect, thus effectively preventing tumor metastasis. The results indicated that the RDCM with dual IDO and PD-L1 inhibition effects is a promising platform for targeted photoimmunotherapy of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450046, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiqi Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Junhua Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Tang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yuji Pu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | | | - Bin He
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wenxia Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Prevention and Control Technology of Veterinary Drug Residue in Animal-origin Food, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
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3
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Ouyang N, Yang C, Li X, Zheng Z, Xu Y, Wang Y, Xiong W, Wu H. Development of lactoferrin-coated multifunctional copolymer micelles to cross the blood-brain barrier. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:773-787. [PMID: 37721695 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents pathogens and toxins in the bloodstream from reaching the brain, but also inhibits the delivery of agents intended to treat central nervous system disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we prepared and evaluated a novel nano-delivery vehicle system composed of lactoferrin-conjugated (Lf-PIC@Se) micelles. We used a COOH-PEG-PAsp-PV@Se synthesis-based method to prepare the micelles, which involved self-assembly followed by EDC-NHS coupling. Using glutaminyl cyclase inhibitor 8 as a model encapsulated chemical, Lf-PIC@Se micelles achieved a good loading capacity. In vitro analysis demonstrated that Lf-PIC@Se/8 micelles were stable in both neutral and acidic pH solutions in the presence or absence of H2O2, and confirmed their biosafety and compatibility in PC12 and bEND.3 cells. Notably, the cell uptake of Lf-PIC@Se/C6 micelles was much higher than that of PIC@Se micelles, and occurred through LfR-mediated endocytosis. The presence of Se meant that Lf-PIC@Se micelles acted as ROS scavengers in PC12 cells under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, which inhibited oxidative damage and increased mitochondrial membrane potential. Hemolysis assays further demonstrated that Lf-PIC@Se represent a biocompatible carrier. Finally, in vivo experiments in mice suggested that Lf-PIC@Se micelles successfully crossed the BBB, confirming their potential as vehicles for drug delivery when treating AD and other central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenting Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
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Agwa MM, Elmotasem H, Moustafa RI, Abdelsattar AS, Mohy-Eldin MS, Fouda MMG. Advent in proteins, nucleic acids, and biological cell membranes functionalized nanocarriers to accomplish active or homologous tumor targeting for smart amalgamated chemotherapy/photo-therapy: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127460. [PMID: 37866559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Conventional cancer mono-therapeutic approaches including radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy don't always achieve satisfactory outcomes and are frequently associated with significant limitations. Although chemotherapy is a vital intervention, its effectiveness is frequently inadequate and is associated with metastasis, multidrug resistance, off-target effect, and normal cells toxicity. Phototherapies are employed in cancer therapy, encompassing photo-dynamic and photo-thermal therapies which under favorable NIR laser light irradiation initiate the included photosensitizers and photo-thermal agents to generate ROS or thermal heat respectively for cancer cells destruction. Photo-therapy is considered noninvasive, posing no resistance, but it still suffers from several pitfalls like low penetration depth and excessive heat generation affecting neighboring tissues. Improved selectivity and tumor-homing capacity could be attained through surface modulation of nanoparticles with targeting ligands that bind to receptors, which are exclusively overexpressed on cancerous cells. Developing novel modified targeted nanoparticulate platforms integrating different therapeutic modalities like photo-therapy and chemotherapy is a topic of active research. This review aimed to highlight recent advances in proteins, nucleic acids, and biological cell membranes functionalized nanocarriers for smart combinatorial chemotherapy/photo-therapy. Nanocarriers decorated with precise targeting ligands, like aptamers, antibody, and lactoferrin, to achieve active tumor-targeting or camouflaging using various biological cell membrane coating are designed to achieve homologous tumor-targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Heba Elmotasem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rehab I Moustafa
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute, (TRT) National Research Centre, 33 El- Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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5
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Cutone A, Musci G, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC. Lactoferrin, the Moonlighting Protein of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15888. [PMID: 37958871 PMCID: PMC10650585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), a naturally occurring glycoprotein involved in innate immunity, was first discovered in bovine milk [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (A.C.); (G.M.)
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Rathee S, Ojha A, Upadhyay A, Xiao J, Bajpai VK, Ali S, Shukla S. Biogenic engineered nanomaterials for enhancing bioavailability via developing nano-iron-fortified smart foods: advances, insight, and prospects of nanobionics in fortification of food. Food Funct 2023; 14:9083-9099. [PMID: 37750182 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02473c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is a significant cause of iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Treatment of IDA is challenging due to several challenges, including low target bioavailability, low palatability, poor pharmacokinetics, and extended therapeutic regimes. Nanotechnology holds the promise of revolutionizing the management and treatment of IDA. Smart biogenic engineered nanomaterials (BENMs) such as lipids, protein, carbohydrates, and complex nanomaterials have been the subject of extensive research and opened new avenues for people and the planet due to their enhanced physicochemical, rheological, optoelectronic, thermomechanical, biological, magnetic, and nutritional properties. Additionally, they show eco-sustainability, low biotoxicity, active targeting, enhanced permeation and retention, and stimuli-responsive characteristics. We examine the opportunities offered by emerging smart BENMs for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia by utilizing iron-fortified smart foods. We review the progress made so far and other future directions to maximize the impact of smart nanofortification on the global population. The toxicity effects are also discussed with commercialization challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Rathee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Science Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, India.
| | - Ankur Ojha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Science Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, India.
| | - Ashutosh Upadhyay
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Science Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, India.
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, South Korea.
| | - Shruti Shukla
- Department of Nanotechnology, North Eastern Hill University (NEHU), East Khasi Hills, Shillong, 793022, Meghalaya, India.
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Domingues C, Jarak I, Veiga F, Dourado M, Figueiras A. Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2431. [PMID: 37896191 PMCID: PMC10610377 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a "carrot-and-stick"-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) have also been highlighted, with optimistic perspectives for the pediatric population. Despite the results achieved using these innovative therapies, a workforce that congregates pediatric patients and/or caregivers, healthcare stakeholders, drug developers, and physicians continues to be of utmost relevance to promote standardized guidelines for pediatric drug development, enabling a fast lab-to-clinical translation. Therefore, taking into consideration the significance of this topic, this work aims to compile the current landscape of pediatric drug development by (1) outlining the historic regulatory panorama, (2) summarizing the challenges in the development of pediatric drug formulation, and (3) delineating the advantages/disadvantages of using innovative approaches, such as nanomedicines and ATMPs in pediatrics. Moreover, some attention will be given to the role of pharmaceutical technologists and developers in conceiving pediatric medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Domingues
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- Institute for Health Research and Innovation (i3s), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marília Dourado
- Univ Coimbra, Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Health Studies and Research of the University of Coimbra (CEISUC), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Univ Coimbra, Center for Studies and Development of Continuous and Palliative Care (CEDCCP), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Figueiras
- Univ Coimbra, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (C.D.); (I.J.); (F.V.)
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Drug Development and Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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Dong M, Liu Y, Liu B, Peng J, Tang Y, Lu G, Shi H, Zhu F. Enhanced anti-glioma efficacy of biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles through target delivery of chemotherapeutics. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:48. [PMID: 37792144 PMCID: PMC10550876 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common malignant tumor of the brain and enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy in glioma is critical for improving patients' prognosis. In this study, a glioma-targeting drug delivery system is constructed using biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO) that are modified with lactoferrin (Lf) ligands. The obtained PMO is doped with thioether groups and can be degraded in the high concentration of glutathione in tumor cells. The surface area and pore volume of PMO are 772 cm2/g and 0.98 cm3/g, respectively and the loading capacity of doxorubicin (Dox) is as high as 20%. The results of the confocal laser scanning microscope show that the uptake of PMO-Lf@Dox by C6 cells is higher than PMO@Dox. The quantitative analysis of the flow cytometer further demonstrates that more PMO-Lf@Dox enter C6 cells, indicating that the modification of lactoferrin can significantly increase the uptake of C6 cells. Finally, the therapeutic efficacy results show that Lf-modified PMO enhances the inhibitory effect of Dox on C6 cells when incubated for 24 h and 72 h. In summary, this lactoferrin receptor-mediated PMO drug carrier with biodegradability in glutathione in tumor cells can be used to enhance drug delivery into glioma without long-term accumulation in vivo. In this study, a glioma-targeting drug delivery system is constructed using periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMO) that modified with lactoferrin (Lf) ligands. This lactoferrin receptor-mediated PMO drug carrier can be used to enhance drug delivery into brain glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Intelligent Manufacturing and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, 325025, PR China
| | - Biao Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China
| | - Jin Peng
- Intervention Department, Chenggong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, 94-96 Wenyuan Road, Xiamen, 361003, PR China
| | - Yuxia Tang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, PR China.
| | - Haibin Shi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Feipeng Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
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Veloso SRS, Marta ES, Rodrigues PV, Moura C, Amorim CO, Amaral VS, Correa-Duarte MA, Castanheira EMS. Chitosan/Alginate Nanogels Containing Multicore Magnetic Nanoparticles for Delivery of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2194. [PMID: 37765164 PMCID: PMC10538132 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, multicore-like iron oxide (Fe3O4) and manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles were synthesized and combined with nanogels based on chitosan and alginate to obtain a multimodal drug delivery system. The nanoparticles exhibited crystalline structures and displayed sizes of 20 ± 3 nm (Fe3O4) and 11 ± 2 nm (MnFe2O4). The Fe3O4 nanoparticles showed a higher saturation magnetization and heating efficiency compared with the MnFe2O4 nanoparticles. Functionalization with citrate and bovine serum albumin was found to improve the stability and modified surface properties. The nanoparticles were encapsulated in nanogels, and provided high drug encapsulation efficiencies (~70%) using doxorubicin as a model drug. The nanogels exhibited sustained drug release, with enhanced release under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation and acidic pH. The nanogels containing BSA-functionalized nanoparticles displayed improved sustained drug release at physiological pH, and the release kinetics followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism. These results demonstrate the potential of synthesized nanoparticles and nanogels for controlled drug delivery, offering opportunities for targeted and on-demand release in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R. S. Veloso
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.R.S.V.)
- LaPMET Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Eva S. Marta
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.R.S.V.)
- LaPMET Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Rodrigues
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), University of Minho, 4804-533 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cacilda Moura
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.R.S.V.)
- LaPMET Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Carlos O. Amorim
- Physics Department and CICECO, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.O.A.); (V.S.A.)
| | - Vítor S. Amaral
- Physics Department and CICECO, Campus de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.O.A.); (V.S.A.)
| | - Miguel A. Correa-Duarte
- Centro de Investigación en Nanomateriais e Biomedicina (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.R.S.V.)
- LaPMET Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Feng Y, Cao Y, Singh R, Janjua TI, Popat A. Silica nanoparticles for brain cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1749-1767. [PMID: 37905998 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2273830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain cancer is a debilitating disease with a poor survival rate. There are significant challenges for effective treatment due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) which impedes drug delivery to tumor sites. Many nanomedicines have been tested in improving both the survival and quality of life of patients with brain cancer with the recent focus on inorganic nanoparticles such as silica nanoparticles (SNPs). This review examines the use of SNPs as a novel approach for diagnosing, treating, and theranostics of brain cancer. AREAS COVERED The review provides an overview of different brain cancers and current therapies available. A special focus on the key functional properties of SNPs is discussed which makes them an attractive material in the field of onco-nanomedicine. Strategies to overcome the BBB using SNPs are analyzed. Furthermore, recent advancements in active targeting, combination therapies, and innovative nanotherapeutics utilizing SNPs are discussed. Safety considerations, toxicity profiles, and regulatory aspects are addressed to provide an understanding of SNPs' translational potential. EXPERT OPINION SNPs have tremendous prospects in brain cancer research. The multifunctionality of SNPs has the potential to overcome both the BBB and BTB limitations and can be used for brain cancer imaging, drug delivery, and theranostics. The insights provided will facilitate the development of next-generation, innovative strategies, guiding future research toward improved diagnosis, targeted therapy, and better outcomes in brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Feng
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ravi Singh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Liu ZS, Chen PW. Featured Prebiotic Agent: The Roles and Mechanisms of Direct and Indirect Prebiotic Activities of Lactoferrin and Its Application in Disease Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:2759. [PMID: 37375663 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, and lactoferricin is a peptide derived from LF hydrolysate. Both LF and lactoferricin (LFcin) have diverse functions that could benefit mammals. Bovine LF (BLF) and BLFcin exhibit a wide range of antimicrobial activities, but most probiotic strains are relatively resistant to their antibacterial effects. BLF and BLF hydrolysate can promote the growth of specific probiotics depending on the culture conditions, the dose of BLF or BLF-related peptides, and the probiotic strains used. BLF supplementation has been shown to modulate several central molecular pathways or genes in Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG under cold conditions, which may explain the prebiotic roles of BLF. LF alone or in combination with selected probiotics can help control bacterial infections or metabolic disorders, both in animal studies and in human clinical trials. Various LF-expressing probiotics, including those expressing BLF, human LF, or porcine LF, have been developed to facilitate the combination of LFs with specific probiotics. Supplementation with LF-expressing probiotics has positive effects in animal studies. Interestingly, inactivated LF-expressing probiotics significantly improved diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in a mouse model. This review highlights the accumulated evidence supporting the use of LF in combination with selected LF-resistant probiotics or LF-expressing probiotics in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
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12
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Ji M, Ren L, Tian C, Zhuang X, Luan F. A Comparative Study of Nanobio Interaction of Zn-Doped CdTe Quantum Dots with Lactoferrin Using Different Spectroscopic Methods. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119325. [PMID: 37298273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, glutathione (GSH)-coated Zn-doped CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different particle sizes were synthesized using the "reflow method", and the interaction mechanism between the two QDs and lactoferrin (LF) was investigated systemically with different spectroscopic methods. The steady-state fluorescence spectra showed that the LF formed a tight complex with the two QDs through static bursting and that the electrostatic force was the main driving force between the two LF-QDs systems. The complex generation process was found to be spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and accompanied by exothermic and increasing degrees of freedom (ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0) by using the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical transfer distance (R0) and donor-acceptor distance (r) of the two LF-QDs systems were obtained based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer theory. In addition, it was observed that the QDs changed the secondary and tertiary structures of LF, leading to an increase in the hydrophobicity of LF. Further, the nano-effect of orange QDs on LF is much larger than that of green QDs. The above results provide a basis for metal-doped QDs with LF in safe nano-bio applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Chunyuan Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xuming Zhuang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Feng Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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13
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Conesa C, Bellés A, Grasa L, Sánchez L. The Role of Lactoferrin in Intestinal Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1569. [PMID: 37376017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents one of the first barriers where microorganisms and environmental antigens come into tight contact with the host immune system. A healthy intestine is essential for the well-being of humans and animals. The period after birth is a very important phase of development, as the infant moves from a protected environment in the uterus to one with many of unknown antigens and pathogens. In that period, mother's milk plays an important role, as it contains an abundance of biologically active components. Among these components, the iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin (LF), has demonstrated a variety of important benefits in infants and adults, including the promotion of intestinal health. This review article aims to provide a compilation of all the information related to LF and intestinal health, in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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14
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Li L, Tan L, Zhang Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Li R, Hou S. Nose-to-brain delivery of self-assembled curcumin-lactoferrin nanoparticles: Characterization, neuroprotective effect and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1168408. [PMID: 37051277 PMCID: PMC10084992 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1168408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin (CUR) is a natural polyphenol extract with significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, which indicates its great potential for neuroprotection. Lactoferrin (LF), a commonly used oral carrier and targeting ligand, has not been reported as a multifunctional nanocarrier for nose-to-brain delivery. This study aims to develop a nose-to-brain delivery system of curcumin-lactoferrin nanoparticles (CUR-LF NPs) and to further evaluate the neuroprotective effects in vitro and brain accumulation in vivo. Herein, CUR-LF NPs were prepared by the desolvation method with a particle size of 84.8 ± 6.5 nm and a zeta potential of +22.8 ± 4.3 mV. The permeability coefficient of CUR-LF NPs (4.36 ± 0.79 × 10−6 cm/s) was 50 times higher than that of CUR suspension (0.09 ± 0.04 × 10−6 cm/s) on MDCK monolayer, indicating that the nanoparticles could improve the absorption efficiency of CUR in the nasal cavity. Moreover, CUR-LF NPs showed excellent protection against Aβ25-35-induced nerve damage in PC12 cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the brain-targeting efficiency of CUR-LF NPs via IN administration was 248.1%, and the nose-to-brain direct transport percentage was 59.7%. Collectively, nose-to-brain delivery of CUR-LF NPs is capable of achieving superior brain enrichment and potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liwei Tan
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yushan Cheng
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Sichuan Purity Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Hou, ; Rui Li,
| | - Shuguang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Shuguang Hou, ; Rui Li,
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15
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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16
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Agwa MM, Elmotasem H, Elsayed H, Abdelsattar AS, Omer AM, Gebreel DT, Mohy-Eldin MS, Fouda MMG. Carbohydrate ligands-directed active tumor targeting of combinatorial chemotherapy/phototherapy-based nanomedicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124294. [PMID: 37004933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapies or light mediated therapies, including mutually photothermal and photodynamic therapy that encompass irradiation of the target organs with light, have been widely employed as minimally invasive approach associated with negligible drug resistance for eradicating multiple tumors with minimal hazards to normal organs. Despite all these advantages, many obstacles in phototherapy hinder progress toward clinical application. Therefore, researchers have developed nano-particulate delivery systems integrated with phototherapy and therapeutic cytotoxic drugs to overcome these obstacles and achieve maximum efficacy in cancer treatment. Active targeting ligands were integrated into their surfaces to improve the selectivity and tumor targeting ability, enabling easy binding and recognition by cellular receptors overexpressed on the tumor tissue compared to normal ones. This enhances intratumoral accumulation with minimal toxicity on the adjacent normal cells. Various active targeting ligands, including antibodies, aptamers, peptides, lactoferrin, folic acid and carbohydrates, have been explored for the targeted delivery of chemotherapy/phototherapy-based nanomedicine. Among these ligands, carbohydrates have been applied due to their unique features that ameliorate the bioadhesive, noncovalent conjugation to biological tissues. In this review, the up-to-date techniques of employing carbohydrates active targeting ligands will be highlighted concerning the surface modification of the nanoparticles for ameliorating the targeting ability of the chemo/phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M Agwa
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Heba Elmotasem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October City, Giza 12578, Egypt; Center for X-Ray and Determination of Structure of Matter, Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 6th of October, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Omer
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa T Gebreel
- Medical Biophysics Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Mohy-Eldin
- Polymer Materials Research Department, Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), P.O. Box 21934, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Pre-Treatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Fabric Department, Textile Research and Technology Institute (TRT), National Research Center, 33 El-Behooth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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17
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Lamptey RNL, Sun C, Layek B, Singh J. Neurogenic Hypertension, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and the Potential Role of Targeted Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032213. [PMID: 36768536 PMCID: PMC9916775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health concern globally. Elevated blood pressure, initiated and maintained by the brain, is defined as neurogenic hypertension (NH), which accounts for nearly half of all hypertension cases. A significant increase in angiotensin II-mediated sympathetic nervous system activity within the brain is known to be the key driving force behind NH. Blood pressure control in NH has been demonstrated through intracerebrovascular injection of agents that reduce the sympathetic influence on cardiac functions. However, traditional antihypertensive agents lack effective brain permeation, making NH management extremely challenging. Therefore, developing strategies that allow brain-targeted delivery of antihypertensives at the therapeutic level is crucial. Targeting nanotherapeutics have become popular in delivering therapeutics to hard-to-reach regions of the body, including the brain. Despite the frequent use of nanotherapeutics in other pathological conditions such as cancer, their use in hypertension has received very little attention. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology and current management strategies for NH, as well as the potential role of targeted therapeutics in improving current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Buddhadev Layek
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-701-231-7906 (B.L.); +1-701-231-7943 (J.S.); Fax: +1-701-231-8333 (B.L. & J.S.)
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-701-231-7906 (B.L.); +1-701-231-7943 (J.S.); Fax: +1-701-231-8333 (B.L. & J.S.)
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18
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Yang T, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Li Y, Li W, Liang H, Yang F. Developing a Gallium(III) Agent Based on the Properties of the Tumor Microenvironment and Lactoferrin: Achieving Two-Agent Co-delivery and Multi-targeted Combination Therapy of Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:793-803. [PMID: 36544423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To develop a next-generation anticancer metal-based drug, realize the multi-targeted combination therapy of protein drug and metal-based drug for cancer, solve their co-delivery challenges, and improve their in vivo targeting ability, we proposed to develop a multi-targeted anticancer metal-based agent exploiting the properties of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and of lactoferrin (LF). To this end, we optimized a series of gallium (Ga, III) isopropyl-2-pyridyl-ketone thiosemicarbazone compounds to obtain a Ga compound (C4) with remarkable cytotoxicity and then constructed a new LF-C4 nanoparticle (LF-C4 NP) delivery system. In vivo studies showed that LF-C4 NPs not only had a greater capacity for inhibiting tumor growth than LF or C4 alone but also solved the co-delivery problems of LF and C4 and improved their targeting ability. Furthermore, free C4 and LF-C4 NPs inhibited tumor growth through multiple synergistic actions on the TME: killing cancer cell, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, and activating immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
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19
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Oberčkal J, Liaqat H, Matijašić BB, Rozman V, Treven P. Quantification of lactoferrin in human milk using monolithic cation exchange HPLC. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1214:123548. [PMID: 36476358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Human lactoferrin (hLF) is one of the most important whey proteins in human milk, known for its ability to modulate innate host immunity and multifunctional activities for neonatal growth. The objective of this study was to validate an efficient method for the detection and quantification of hLF using a unique technology of cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on CIM® monolithic columns. Human milk samples were collected using manual expression or a breast pump, at different weeks of lactation. After sample preparation, hLF was detected and measured by HPLC method and further confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Selected fractions were analysed also by LC-MS/MS. Presumably, due to the high density of positive charge on the surface of the N-terminal domain, hLF binds strongly to the column and elutes last, enabling the high specificity of this method. The LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that hLF eluted in two clearly separated peaks, presumably representing two different molecular species of hLF. hLF concentration in the human milk samples ranged from 2.03 mg/mL to 5.79 mg/mL and was not significantly affected by the sample collection method whereas it was negatively correlated with the stage of lactation. These results suggest that cation exchange chromatography is an accurate, efficient, and robust method for the detection and quantification of hLF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jernej Oberčkal
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
| | - Humna Liaqat
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
| | - Bojana Bogovič Matijašić
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
| | - Vita Rozman
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
| | - Primož Treven
- Department of Animal Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Groblje 3, 1230 Domžale, Slovenia.
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20
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FU J, YANG L, TAN D, LIU L. Iron transport mechanism of lactoferrin and its application in food processing. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.121122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liu YANG
- Shenyang Agricultural University, China
| | | | - Ling LIU
- Shenyang Agricultural University, China
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21
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Krzyzowska M, Janicka M, Tomaszewska E, Ranoszek-Soliwoda K, Celichowski G, Grobelny J, Szymanski P. Lactoferrin-Conjugated Nanoparticles as New Antivirals. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091862. [PMID: 36145610 PMCID: PMC9504495 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein with multiple functions in the body. Its activity against a broad spectrum of both DNA and RNA viruses as well as the ability to modulate immune responses have made it of interest in the pharmaceutical and food industries. The mechanisms of its antiviral activity include direct binding to the viruses or its receptors or the upregulation of antiviral responses by the immune system. Recently, much effort has been devoted to the use of nanotechnology in the development of new antivirals. In this review, we focus on describing the antiviral mechanisms of lactoferrin and the possible use of nanotechnology to construct safe and effective new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Krzyzowska
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Martyna Janicka
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Emilia Tomaszewska
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ranoszek-Soliwoda
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Celichowski
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Grobelny
- Department of Materials Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163 St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Pawel Szymanski
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analyses and Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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22
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Duarte LG, Picone CS. Antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin-chitosan-gellan nanoparticles and their influence on strawberry preservation. Food Res Int 2022; 159:111586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Li Y, Dong L, Mu Z, Liu L, Yang J, Wu Z, Pan D, Liu L. Research Advances of Lactoferrin in Electrostatic Spinning, Nano Self-Assembly, and Immune and Gut Microbiota Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10075-10089. [PMID: 35968926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a naturally present iron-binding globulin with the structural properties of an N-lobe strongly positively charged terminus and a cage-like structure of nano self-assembly encapsulation. These unique structural properties give it potential for development in the fields of electrostatic spinning, targeted delivery systems, and the gut-brain axis. This review will provide an overview of LF's unique structure, encapsulation, and targeted transport capabilities, as well as its applications in immunity and gut microbiota regulation. First, the microstructure of LF is summarized and compared with its homologous ferritin, revealing both structural and functional similarities and differences between them. Second, the electrostatic interactions of LF and its application in electrostatic spinning are summarized. Its positive charge properties can be applied to functional environmental protection packaging materials and to improving drug stability and antiviral effects, while electrostatic spinning can promote bone regeneration and anti-inflammatory effects. Then the nano self-assembly behavior of LF is exploited as a cage-like protein to encapsulate bioactive substances to construct functional targeted delivery systems for applications such as contrast agents, antibacterial dressings, anti-cancer therapy, and gene delivery. In addition, some covalent and noncovalent interactions of LF in the Maillard reaction and protein interactions and other topics are briefly discussed. Finally, LF may affect immunological function via controlling the gut microbiota. In conclusion, this paper reviews the research advances of LF in electrostatic spinning, nano self-assembly, and immune and gut microbiota regulation, aiming to provide a reference for its application in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Lezhen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Zhishen Mu
- Inner Mongolia Enterprise Technology Center, Inner Mongolia Mengniu Dairy (Group) Co., Ltd., Huhhot 011500, PR China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-6205, United States
| | - Junsi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-6205, United States
| | - Zufang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Lianliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, School of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
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Xu Y, Wang Y, He J, Zhu W. Antibacterial properties of lactoferrin: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to early 2022. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947102. [PMID: 36060777 PMCID: PMC9428516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHere, a bibliometric and knowledge map analysis are used to analyze the research hot spots and development trends regarding the antibacterial effect of lactoferrin (LF). By looking for research hot spots and new topics, we provide new clues and research directions for future research.MethodsArticles and reviews regarding the antibacterial effect of LF were retrieved and from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 25 June 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge map analysis.ResultsIn total, 8,292 authors at 2,151 institutions from 86 countries published 1,923 articles in 770 academic journals. The United States was the leader regarding research on the antibacterial effects of LF, while the Netherlands was a pioneer in conducting research in this field. The University of California system contributed the most publications. Bolscher JGM published most articles, while Wayne Bellamy had most cocitations. However, there was insufficient cooperation among the various institutions and authors. BioMetals published most LF-antibacterial activity-related articles, whereas Infection and Immunity was most commonly cocited journal. The most influential research hot spots about the antibacterial effect of LF focused on antimicrobial peptides, casein, human milk, expression, and Escherichia coli-related research. The latest hot spots and research frontier included COVID-19, antibiofilm activity, and immune defense.ConclusionsLF is a multifunctional protein with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. The related field of antibacterial properties of LF will remain a research hot spot in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xu
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaolong He
- Department of Intensive Care, First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaolong He
| | - Wanping Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Wanping Zhu
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Abstract
Protein nanomaterials are well-defined, hollow protein nanoparticles comprised of virus capsids, virus-like particles, ferritin, heat shock proteins, chaperonins and many more. Protein-based nanomaterials are formed by the self-assembly of protein subunits and have numerous desired properties as drug-delivery vehicles, including being optimally sized for endocytosis, nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and functionalized at three separate interfaces (external, internal and intersubunit). As a result, protein nanomaterials have been intensively investigated as functional entities in bionanotechnology, including drug delivery, nanoreactors and templates for organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Several variables influence efficient administration, particularly active targeting, cellular uptake, the kinetics of the release and systemic elimination. This review examines the wide range of medicines, loading/release processes, targeted therapies and treatment effectiveness.
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Exploring the interaction between lactoferrin and CdTe quantum dots: Energetic and molecular dynamic study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lactoferrin as a Human Genome “Guardian”—An Overall Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095248. [PMID: 35563638 PMCID: PMC9105968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural abnormalities causing DNA modifications of the ethene and propanoadducts can lead to mutations and permanent damage to human genetic material. Such changes may cause premature aging and cell degeneration and death as well as severe impairment of tissue and organ function. This may lead to the development of various diseases, including cancer. In response to a damage, cells have developed defense mechanisms aimed at preventing disease and repairing damaged genetic material or diverting it into apoptosis. All of the mechanisms described above are part of the repertoire of action of Lactoferrin—an endogenous protein that contains iron in its structure, which gives it numerous antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anticancer properties. The aim of the article is to synthetically present the new and innovative role of lactoferrin in the protection of human genetic material against internal and external damage, described by the modulation mechanisms of the cell cycle at all its levels and the mechanisms of its repair.
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Xiao Z, Shen D, Lan T, Wei C, Wu W, Sun Q, Luo Z, Chen W, Zhang Y, Hu L, Zhang C, Wang Y, Lu Y, Wang P, Yang F, Li Q. Reduction of lactoferrin aggravates neuronal ferroptosis after intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke in hyperglycemic mice. Redox Biol 2022; 50:102256. [PMID: 35131600 PMCID: PMC8829351 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic hyperglycemia aggravates the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke (ICH) in the clinic. In addition to hematoma expansion and increased inflammation, how diabetic hyperglycemia affects the outcomes of ICH is still unclear. We found that streptozotocin-induced diabetic hyperglycemia not only increased neutrophil infiltration, but also changed the gene expression profile of neutrophils, including lactoferrin (Ltf) encoding gene Ltf. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) transcribed Ltf and the lack of neutrophilic Ltf transcription and secretion exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by accumulating intraneuronal iron. Furthermore, the administration of recombinant Ltf protected against neuronal ferroptosis and improved neurobehavior in hyperglycemic ICH mice, and vice versa. These results indicate that supplementing Ltf or inhibiting neuronal ferroptosis are promising potential strategies to improve the acute outcomes of diabetic ICH in the clinic. Neutrophil infiltration and ICH prognosis are aggravated in hyperglycemic mice. Hyperglycemia impairs PPAR-γ activity and decreases Ltf expression in neutrophils. The lack of neutrophilic Ltf fails to decrease intraneuronal iron and ferroptosis. rLtf eases neuronal ferroptosis and neurologic deficits in hyperglycemic ICH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Xiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Danmin Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ting Lan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Weihua Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qingyu Sun
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhaoli Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Liye Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yabin Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Sun WX, Zhang CT, Yu XN, Guo JB, Ma H, Liu K, Luo P, Ren J. Preparation and pharmacokinetic study of diosmetin long-circulating liposomes modified with lactoferrin. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Nakamura M, Sato A. Glycan-binding Properties of Basic Whey Protein Lactoferrin and Its Application in Nerve Regenerative Medicine. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1957.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakamura
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
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Nakamura M, Sato A. Glycan-binding Properties of Basic Whey Protein Lactoferrin and Its Application in Nerve Regenerative Medicine. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2022. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1957.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masao Nakamura
- Department of Peptidomics, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation
| | - Atsushi Sato
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology
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Bhattacharya S, Patel R, Joshi A. The Most Recent Discoveries in Heterocyclic Nanoformulations for Targeted Anticancer Therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1735-1751. [PMID: 35114919 DOI: 10.2174/138955752203220202164839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Every day, new cases of cancer patients whose recovery is delayed by multidrug resistance and chemotherapy side effects are identified, which severely limit treatment options. One of the most recent advances in nanotechnology is the effective usage of nanotechnology as drug carriers for cancer therapy. As a consequence, heterocyclic nanocarriers were put into practice to see whether they could have a better cure with positive results. The potential of a therapeutic agent to meet its desired goal is vital to its success in treating any disease. Heterocyclic moieties are molecules that have a wide variety of chemically therapeutic functions as well as a significant biological activity profile. Heterocyclic nano formulations play an important role in cell physiology and as possible arbitrators for typical biological reactions, making them valuable in cancer research. As a result, experts are working with heterocyclic nanoformulations to discover alternative approaches to treat cancer. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, heterocyclic compounds are real cornerstones in medicinal chemistry and promising compounds for the future drug delivery system. This review briefly explores the therapeutic relevance of heterocyclic compounds in cancer treatment, the various nanoformulations, and actively describes heterocyclic magnetic nano catalysts and heterocyclic moiety, as well as their mode of action, which have favorable anti - cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM\'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Rajat Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM\'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
| | - Aalind Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM\'S NMIMS Deemed-to-be University, Shirpur, Maharashtra 425405, India
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Dao TNT, Kim MG, Koo B, Liu H, Jang YO, Lee HJ, Kim Y, Park Y, Kim HS, Kim C, Shin Y. Chimeric nanocomposites for the rapid and simple isolation of urinary extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12195. [PMID: 35188341 PMCID: PMC8859916 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the lack of rapid and sensitive isolation techniques to obtain EVs from clinical samples at a sufficiently high yield limits their practicability. Chimeric nanocomposites of lactoferrin conjugated 2,2-bis(methylol)propionic acid dendrimer-modified magnetic nanoparticles (LF-bis-MPA-MNPs) are fabricated and used for simple and sensitive EV isolation from various biological samples via a combination of electrostatic interaction, physically absorption, and biorecognition between the surfaces of the EVs and the LF-bis-MPA-MNPs. The speed, efficiency, recovery rate, and purity of EV isolation by the LF-bis-MPA-MNPs are superior to those obtained by using established methods. The relative expressions of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) from isolated EVs in cancerous cell-derived exosomes are verified as significantly higher than those from noncancerous ones. Finally, the chimeric nanocomposites are used to assess urinary exosomal miRNAs from urine specimens from 20 prostate cancer (PCa), 10 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), patients and 10 healthy controls. Significant up-regulation of miR-21 and miR-346 and down-regulation of miR-23a and miR-122-5p occurs in both groups compared to healthy controls. LF-bis-MPA-MNPs provide a rapid, simple, and high yield method for human excreta analysis in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Nguyen Thi Dao
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Myoung Gyu Kim
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bonhan Koo
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ok Jang
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo Joo Lee
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yunlim Kim
- Department of UrologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yun‐Yong Park
- Department of Life ScienceChung‐Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- INFUSIONTECH38, Heungan‐daero 427 beon‐gilDongan‐guAnyang‐si14059Korea
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologySungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSuwon16419South Korea
| | - Choung‐Soo Kim
- Department of UrologyAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yong Shin
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Pryshchepa O, Sagandykova G, Rudnicka J, Pomastowski P, Sprynskyy M, Buszewski B. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of zinc-lactoferrin complexes. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:1940-1958. [PMID: 35033339 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One trend of the modern world is the search for new biologically active substances based on renewable resources. Milk proteins can be a solution for such purposes as they have been known for a long time as compounds that can be used for the manufacturing of multiple food and non-food products. Thus, the goal of the work was to investigate the parameters of Zn-bovine lactoferrin (bLTF) interactions, which enables the synthesis of Zn-rich protein complexes. Zinc-bLTF complexes can be used as food additives or wound-healing agents. Methodology of the study included bLTF characterization by sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, MALDI-TOF, and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as well Zn-bLTF interactions by attenuated total reflection-Fourier-transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission microscopy, and zeta potential measurements. The obtained results revealed that the factors that affect Zn-bLTF interactions most significantly were found to be pH and ionic strength of the solution and, in particular, the concentration of Zn2+. These findings imply that these factors should be considered when aiming at the synthesis of Zn-bLTF metallocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Pryshchepa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Gulyaim Sagandykova
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Rudnicka
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Myroslav Sprynskyy
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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Duarte LG, Alencar WM, Iacuzio R, Silva NC, Picone CS. Synthesis, characterization and application of antibacterial lactoferrin nanoparticles. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:642-652. [PMID: 35373146 PMCID: PMC8971344 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (L) and gellan gum (G) nanoparticles were produced in different biopolymer proportions through electrostatic complexation to enhance the antimicrobial properties of lactoferrin. The nanoparticles were characterized according to size, charge density, morphology and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, in two different broths to show the effect of the broth composition on the nanoparticle activity. The 9L:1G particles showed the highest positive zeta potential (+21.20 mV) and reduced diameter (92.03 nm) which resulted in a minimum inhibitory concentration six times smaller (0.3 mg/ml) than pure lactoferrin (2 mg/ml). However, the bacteriostatic action of nanoparticles was inhibited in the presence of divalent cations. When applied to strawberries as a coating, lactoferrin nanoparticles extended fruit shelf-life up to 6 days in the presence of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Therefore, lactoferrin-gellan gum complexation was proved to be a promising tool to enhance lactoferrin antimicrobial action and broaden its application as a food preserver. Positive charged nanoparticles showed 6 times lower MIC than pure lactoferrin. Bacteriostatic action of nanoparticles was inhibited in high salt environments. Nanoparticle allied to CMC coating extended the shelf life of strawberries. The growth of mesophilic bacteria in strawberries was retarded by nanoparticles.
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Goel H, Kalra V, Verma SK, Dubey SK, Tiwary AK. Convolutions in the rendition of nose to brain therapeutics from bench to bedside: Feats & fallacies. J Control Release 2021; 341:782-811. [PMID: 34906605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Brain, a subtle organ of multifarious nature presents plethora of physiological, metabolic and bio-chemical convolutions that impede the delivery of biomolecules and thereby resulting in truncated therapeutic outcome in pathological conditions of central nervous system (CNS). The absolute bottleneck in the therapeutic management of such devastating CNS ailments is the BBB. Another pitfall is the lack of efficient technological platforms (due to high cost and low approval rates) as well as limited clinical trials (due to failures of neuro‑leads in late-stage pipelines) for CNS disorders which has become a literal brain drain with poorest success rates compared to other therapeutic areas, owing to time consuming processes, tremendous convolutions and conceivable adverse effects. With the advent of intranasal delivery (via direct N2B or indirect nose to blood to brain), several novel drug delivery carriers viz. unmodified or surface modified nanoparticle based carriers, lipid based colloidal nanocarriers and drysolid/liquid/semisolid nanoformulations or delivery platforms have been designed as a means to deliver therapeutic agents (small and large molecules, peptides and proteins, genes) to brain, bypassing BBB for disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, schizophrenia and CNS malignancies primarily glioblastomas. Intranasal application offers drug delivery through both direct and indirect pathways for the peripherally administered psychopharmacological agents to CNS. This route could also be exploited for the repurposing of conventional drugs for new therapeutic uses. The limited clinical translation of intranasal formulations has been primarily due to existence of barriers of mucociliary clearance in the nasal cavity, enzyme degradation and low permeability of the nasal epithelium. The present review literature aims to decipher the new paradigms of nano therapeutic systems employed for specific N2B drug delivery of CNS drugs through in silico complexation studies using rationally chosen mucoadhesive polymers (exhibiting unique physicochemical properties of nanocarrier's i.e. surface modification, prolonging retention time in the nasal cavity, improving penetration ability, and promoting brain specific delivery with biorecognitive ligands) via molecular docking simulations. Further, the review intends to delineate the feats and fallacies associated with N2B delivery approaches by understanding the physiological/anatomical considerations via decoding the intranasal drug delivery pathways or critical factors such as rationale and mechanism of excipients, affecting the permeability of CNS drugs through nasal mucosa as well as better efficacy in terms of brain targeting, brain bioavailability and time to reach the brain. Additionally, extensive emphasis has also been laid on the innovative formulations under preclinical investigation along with their assessment by means of in vitro /ex vivo/in vivo N2B models and current characterization techniques predisposing an efficient intranasal delivery of therapeutics. A critical appraisal of novel technologies, intranasal products or medical devices available commercially has also been presented. Finally, it could be warranted that more reminiscent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships or validated computational models are mandated to obtain effective screening of molecular architecture of drug-polymer-mucin complexes for clinical translation of N2B therapeutic systems from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honey Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India.
| | - Vinni Kalra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
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Riccardi C, Napolitano F, Montesarchio D, Sampaolo S, Melone MAB. Nanoparticle-Guided Brain Drug Delivery: Expanding the Therapeutic Approach to Neurodegenerative Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1897. [PMID: 34834311 PMCID: PMC8623286 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) represent a heterogeneous group of aging-related disorders featured by progressive impairment of motor and/or cognitive functions, often accompanied by psychiatric disorders. NDs are denoted as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies, and are classified according to their known genetic mechanisms and/or the main protein involved in disease onset and progression. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD) are included under this nosographic umbrella, sharing histopathologically salient features, including deposition of insoluble proteins, activation of glial cells, loss of neuronal cells and synaptic connectivity. To date, there are no effective cures or disease-modifying therapies for these NDs. Several compounds have not shown efficacy in clinical trials, since they generally fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that greatly limits the brain internalization of endogenous substances. By engineering materials of a size usually within 1-100 nm, nanotechnology offers an alternative approach for promising and innovative therapeutic solutions in NDs. Nanoparticles can cross the BBB and release active molecules at target sites in the brain, minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art of nanoengineered delivery systems for brain targeting in the treatment of AD, PD and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Riccardi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Filomena Napolitano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Montesarchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Naples, Italy; (C.R.); (D.M.)
| | - Simone Sampaolo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariarosa Anna Beatrice Melone
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, 2nd Division of Neurology, Center for Rare Diseases and InterUniversity Center for Research in Neurosciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy; (F.N.); (S.S.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122-6078, USA
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Odatsu T, Kuroshima S, Shinohara A, Valanezhad A, Sawase T. Lactoferrin with Zn-ion protects and recovers fibroblast from H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 190:368-374. [PMID: 34487781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) has attracted great attention due to its various bioactivities, which depend on the degree of saturation with different cations. This study focused on the synergistic effect of LF and Zn2+ on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), considering antioxidant activities, cell proliferation, and collagen gene expression levels in these cells to improve the wound healing. The hGFs were cultured in an experimental medium, containing 1000 μg/mL of LF and various concentrations of ZnCl2. The cells were subjected to oxidative damage by exposure to 600 μM H2O2 for 30 min before incubation in the experimental medium. The cell proliferation rate and the relative gene expression levels of genes associated with apoptosis, antioxidant enzymes, and collagen were compared. H2O2 decomposition by LF was also measured using a colorimetric assay. LF enhanced hGF proliferation and the expression of collagen. Furthermore, LF directly scavenged H2O2 and prevented lipid peroxidation by enhancing the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 gene expression, resulting in the prevention of apoptosis and recovery of the cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The addition of ZnCl2 enhanced these results. The results indicated that LF with Zn-ion could play an important role in modulating the functions related to wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsurou Odatsu
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Ayano Shinohara
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Alireza Valanezhad
- Department of Dental and Biomaterials Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-7-1, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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Influence of iron binding in the structural stability and cellular internalization of bovine lactoferrin. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08087. [PMID: 34632151 PMCID: PMC8487029 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is an iron-binding glycoprotein and a component of many external secretions with a wide diversity of functions. Structural studies are important to understand the mechanisms employed by Lf to exert so varied functions. Here, we used guanidine hydrochloride and high hydrostatic pressure to cause perturbations in the structure of bovine Lf (bLf) in apo and holo (unsaturated and iron-saturated, respectively) forms, and analyzed conformational changes by intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results showed that the iron binding promotes changes on tertiary structure of bLf and increases its structural stability. In addition, we evaluated the effects of bLf structural change on the kinetics of bLf internalization in Vero cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and observed that the holo form was faster than the apo form. This finding may indicate that structural changes promoted by iron binding may play a key role in the intracellular traffic of bLf. Altogether, our data improve the comprehension of bLf stability and uptake, adding knowledge to its potential use as a biopharmaceutical.
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Pan S, Weng H, Hu G, Wang S, Zhao T, Yao X, Liao L, Zhu X, Ge Y. Lactoferrin may inhibit the development of cancer via its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory activities (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:85. [PMID: 34533200 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is secreted by ectodermal tissue and has a structure similar to that of transferrin. Although Lf seems to be multifunctional, its main function is related to the natural defense system of mammals. The present review aims to highlight the major actions of Lf, including the regulation of cell growth, the inhibition of toxic compound formation, the removal of harmful free radicals and its important role in immune response regulation. Moreover, Lf has antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer and anti‑inflammatory activities. In addition, the use of Lf for functionalization of drug nanocarriers, with emphasis on tumor‑targeted drug delivery, is illustrated. Such effects serve as an important theoretical basis for its future development and application. In neurodegenerative diseases and the brains of elderly people, Lf expression is markedly upregulated. Lf may exert an anti‑inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of hydroxyl free radicals. Through its antioxidant properties, Lf can prevent DNA damage, thereby preventing tumor formation in the central nervous system. In addition, Lf specifically activates the p53 tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Huiting Weng
- Department of Clinical Nursing, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 430011, P.R. China
| | - Guohong Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Shiwen Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Xueping Yao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Libin Liao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Yanshan Ge
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of The Chinese Ministry of Education, The Third Affiliated Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Yao Q, Xing Y, Ma J, Wang C, Zang J, Zhao G. Binding of Chloroquine to Whey Protein Relieves Its Cytotoxicity while Enhancing Its Uptake by Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:10669-10677. [PMID: 34463093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) is a famous medicine for treatment of diseases including malaria and pneumonia caused by COVID-19, but gastrointestinal disorder caused by its oral administration is a great concern. Milk is usually recommended to be taken with CQ to reduce such effect. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. Here, we found that β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), α-lactalbumin (α-LA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), and lactoferrin (LF) in whey proteins were able to interact with CQ to form complexes as suggested by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and molecular docking. Indeed, the crystal structure revealed that β-LG is bound to CQ through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding with a ratio of 1:1. Consequently, the formation of these protein-CQ complexes not only reduced the cytotoxicity of chloroquine to the stomach and gut cells but also facilitated its uptake by cells. This work gave an example to understand the relationship between food and drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yilin Xing
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachen Zang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Jing H, Huang X, Jiang C, Wang L, Du X, Ma C, Wang H. Effects of tannic acid on the structure and proteolytic digestion of bovine lactoferrin. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Li YQ, Guo C. A Review on Lactoferrin and Central Nervous System Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071810. [PMID: 34359979 PMCID: PMC8307123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are currently one of the major health issues around the world. Most CNS disorders are characterized by high oxidative stress levels and intense inflammatory responses in affected tissues. Lactoferrin (Lf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein, plays a significant role in anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, reactive oxygen species (ROS) modulator, antitumor immunity, and anti-apoptotic processes. Previous studies have shown that Lf is abnormally expressed in a variety of neurological diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the promotion of neurodevelopment and neuroprotection by Lf has attracted widespread attention, and Lf could be exploited both as an active therapeutic agent and drug nanocarrier. However, our understanding of the roles of Lf proteins in the initiation or progression of CNS diseases is limited, especially the roles of Lf in regulating neurogenesis. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the major pharmacological effects of Lf in CNS diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular disease, developmental delays in children, and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuang Guo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-24-8365-6109
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Sienkiewicz M, Jaśkiewicz A, Tarasiuk A, Fichna J. Lactoferrin: an overview of its main functions, immunomodulatory and antimicrobial role, and clinical significance. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6016-6033. [PMID: 33685299 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1895063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), a glycoprotein found in mucosal secretions, is characterized by a wide range of functions, including immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, several investigations confirmed that LF displays high effectiveness against multiple bacteria and viruses and may be regarded as a potential inhibitor of enveloped viruses, such as presently prevailing SARS-CoV-2. In our review, we discuss available studies about LF functions and bioavailability of different LF forms in in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, we characterize the potential benefits and side effects of LF use; we also briefly summarize the latest clinical trials examining LF application. Finally, we point potential role of LF in inflammatory bowel disease and indicate its use as a marker for disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Sienkiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Jaśkiewicz
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Tarasiuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Nisha R, Kumar P, Kumar U, Mishra N, Maurya P, Singh S, Singh P, Guleria A, Saha S, Saraf SA. Fabrication of Imatinib Mesylate-Loaded Lactoferrin-Modified PEGylated Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles for Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:1102-1120. [PMID: 33356314 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of concern as it has substantial morbidity associated with it. Previous reports have ascertained the antiproliferative activity of imatinib mesylate (IMS) against diverse types of carcinomas, but limited bioavailability has also been reported. The present study envisaged optimized IMS-loaded lactoferrin (LF)-modified PEGylated liquid crystalline nanoparticles (IMS-LF-LCNPs) for effective therapy of IMS to HCC via asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) targeting. Results displayed that IMS-LF-LCNPs presented an optimum particle size of 120.40 ± 2.75 nm, a zeta potential of +12.5 ± 0.23 mV, and 73.94 ± 2.69% release. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to confirm the surface architecture of IMS-LF-LCNPs. The results of cytotoxicity and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed that IMS-LF-LCNPs had the highest growth inhibition and significant apoptotic effects. Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies showed that IMS-LF-LCNPs have superior pharmacokinetic performance and targeted delivery compared to IMS-LCNPs and plain IMS, which was attributed to the targeting action of LF that targets the ASGPR in hepatic cells. Next, our in vivo experiment established that the HCC environment existed due to suppression of BAX, cyt c, BAD, e-NOS, and caspase (3 and 9) genes, which thus owed upstream expression of Bcl-xl, iNOS, and Bcl-2 genes. The excellent therapeutic potential of IMS-LF-LCNPs began the significant stimulation of caspase-mediated apoptotic signals accountable for its anti-HCC prospect. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (serum) metabolomics revealed that IMS-LF-LCNPs are capable of regulating the disturbed levels of metabolites linked to HCC triggered through N-nitrosodiethylamine. Therefore, IMS-LF-LCNPs are a potentially effective formulation against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquibun Nisha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Pranesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priyanka Maurya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Samipta Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Anupam Guleria
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudipta Saha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
| | - Shubhini A Saraf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raibareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India
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Cutone A, Ianiro G, Lepanto MS, Rosa L, Valenti P, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Musci G. Lactoferrin in the Prevention and Treatment of Intestinal Inflammatory Pathologies Associated with Colorectal Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3806. [PMID: 33348646 PMCID: PMC7766217 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The connection between inflammation and cancer is well-established and supported by genetic, pharmacological and epidemiological data. The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, have been described as important promoters for colorectal cancer development. Risk factors include environmental and food-borne mutagens, dysbalance of intestinal microbiome composition and chronic intestinal inflammation, with loss of intestinal epithelial barrier and enhanced cell proliferation rate. Therapies aimed at shutting down mucosal inflammatory response represent the foundation for IBDs treatment. However, when applied for long periods, they can alter the immune system and promote microbiome dysbiosis and carcinogenesis. Therefore, it is imperative to find new safe substances acting as both potent anti-inflammatory and anti-pathogen agents. Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding glycoprotein essential in innate immunity, is generally recognized as safe and used as food supplement due to its multifunctionality. Lf possesses a wide range of immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties against different aseptic and septic inflammatory pathologies, including IBDs. Moreover, Lf exerts anti-adhesive, anti-invasive and anti-survival activities against several microbial pathogens that colonize intestinal mucosa of IBDs patients. This review focuses on those activities of Lf potentially useful for the prevention/treatment of intestinal inflammatory pathologies associated with colorectal cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (A.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Giusi Ianiro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (A.C.); (G.I.)
| | - Maria Stefania Lepanto
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.L.); (L.R.); (P.V.)
| | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.L.); (L.R.); (P.V.)
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.S.L.); (L.R.); (P.V.)
| | | | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy; (A.C.); (G.I.)
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Raghavan S, Malayaperumal S, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. A comparative study on the cellular stressors in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and pancreatic β-cells under hyperglycemic milieu. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:457-469. [PMID: 32997307 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03922-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
β-cell dysfunction is a critical determinant for both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and β-cells are shown to be highly susceptible to cellular stressors. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the other hand are known to have immunomodulatory potential and preferred in clinical applications. However, there is paucity of a comparative study on these cells in relation to several cellular stressors in response to hyperglycemia and this forms the rationale for the present study. INS1 β-cells and MSCs were subjected to high-glucose treatment without and with Metformin, Lactoferrin, or TUDCA and assessed for stress signaling alterations using gene expression, protein expression, as well as functional read-outs. Compared to the untreated control cells, INS1 β-cells or MSCs treated with high glucose showed significant increase in mRNA expressions of ER stress, senescence, and proinflammation. This was accompanied by increased miR146a target genes and decreased levels of SIRT1, NRF2, and miR146a in both the cell types. Consistent with the mRNA results, protein expression levels do reflect the same alterations. Notably, the alterations are relatively less extent in MSCs compared to INS1 β-cells. Interestingly, three different agents, viz., Metformin, Lactoferrin, or TUDCA, were found to overcome the high glucose-induced cellular stresses in a concerted and inter-linked way and restored the proliferation and migration capacity in MSCs as well as normalized the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in INS1 β-cells. While our study gives a directionality for potential supplementation of metformin/lactoferrin/TUDCA in optimization protocols of MSCs, we suggest that in vitro preconditioning of MSCs with such factors should be further explored with in-depth investigations to harness and enhance the therapeutic capacity/potential of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Raghavan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR- Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Sarubala Malayaperumal
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR- Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR- Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Dr. Mohan's Diabetes Specialties Centre, ICMR- Centre for Advanced Research On Diabetes, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India. .,Medical and Health Sciences (MHS), SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Kanchipuram, Chennai, 603 203, India.
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Fujishima H, Okada N, Matsumoto K, Shimizu E, Fukuda S, Tomita M. Conjunctival Injection Reduction in Patients with Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis Due to Synergic Effect of Bovine Enteric-Coated Lactoferrin in 0.1% Tacrolimus Ophthalmic Suspension. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103093. [PMID: 32992801 PMCID: PMC7599790 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional glycoprotein found in mammalian milk, is reported to have immunoregulatory effects. The present study aimed to evaluate whether enteric-coated LF (eLF) could improve symptoms in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled single-center trial comprised Japanese patients (n = 20; aged 22–60 years) with AKC. Patients treated with 0.1% tacrolimus ophthalmic suspension (TALYMUS®) were administered eLF (400 mg/d of bovine LF) or placebo tablets for 12 weeks. Conjunctival injection was examined, papillae formation in the palpebral conjunctiva was evaluated, and corneal fluorescein score, itchy sensation in end-point itching scale, and serum allergic parameters were assessed. Conjunctival injection was significantly reduced in the LF group than in the placebo group (p = 0.0017, Mann–Whitney U-test). Papillae formation in the palpebral conjunctiva showed a statistical decrease in the LF group than in the placebo group (p = 0.010, unpaired T-test). LF combined with TALYMUS® could be a promising treatment strategy to mitigate AKC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Fujishima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-45-580-8599
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama 362-0806, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Eisuke Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan;
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (S.F.); (M.T.)
- Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaru Tomita
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan; (S.F.); (M.T.)
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Superti F. Lactoferrin from Bovine Milk: A Protective Companion for Life. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092562. [PMID: 32847014 PMCID: PMC7551115 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf), an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein belonging to the transferrin family, is present in most biological secretions and reaches particularly high concentrations in colostrum and breast milk. A key function of lactoferrin is non-immune defence and it is considered to be a mediator linking innate and adaptive immune responses. Lf from bovine milk (bLf), the main Lf used in human medicine because of its easy availability, has been designated by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a food additive that is generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Among the numerous protective activities exercised by this nutraceutical protein, the most important ones demonstrated after its oral administration are: Antianemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anticancer activities. All these activities underline the significance in host defence of bLf, which represents an ideal nutraceutical product both for its economic production and for its tolerance after ingestion. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most important beneficial activities demonstrated following the oral administration of bLf, trying to identify potential perspectives on its prophylactic and therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Superti
- National Centre for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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