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Prabakaran S, Rupesh KJ, Keeriti IS, Sudalai S, Pragadeeswara Venkatamani G, Arumugam A. A scientometric analysis and recent advances of emerging chitosan-based biomaterials as potential catalyst for biodiesel production: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121567. [PMID: 38008474 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a widely available polymer with a reasonably high abundance, as well as a sustainable, biodegradable, and biocompatible material with different functional groups that are used in a wide range of operations. Chitosan is frequently employed in widespread applications such as environmental remediation, adsorption, catalysts, and drug formulation. The goal of this review is to discuss the potential applications of chitosan and its chemically modified solids as a catalyst in biodiesel production. The existing manuscripts are integrated based on the nature of materials used as chitosan and its modifications. A short overview of chitosan's structural characteristics, properties, and some ideal methods to be considered in catalysis activities are addressed. This article includes an analysis of a chitosan-based scientometric conducted between 1975 and 2023 using VOS viewer 1.6.19. To identify developments and technological advances in chitosan research, the significant scientometric features of yearly publication results, documents country network, co-authorship network, documents funding sponsor, documents institution network, and documents category in domain analysis were examined. This review covers a variety of organic transformations and their effects, including chitosan reactions against acids, bases, metals, metal oxides, organic compounds, lipases, and Knoevenagel condensation. The catalytic capabilities of chitosan and its modified structures for producing biodiesel through transesterification reactions are explored in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Prabakaran
- School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - K J Rupesh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Itha Sai Keeriti
- School of Mechanical Engineering, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - S Sudalai
- Centre for Pollution Control and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Pondicherry University, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | | | - A Arumugam
- Bioprocess Intensification Laboratory, Centre for Bioenergy, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thirumalaisamudram, Tamil Nadu, Thanjavur 613401, India.
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Hussain S, Berry S. A review study on green synthesis of chitosan derived schiff bases and their applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 535:109002. [PMID: 38065043 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.109002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan is a bio-degradable, bio-compatible, non-toxic, and renewable biopolymer. The reactive amino group of chitosan has gained importance because using these amino groups can help achieve the different types of structural modification in chitosan. Chemical modification of chitosan via imine functionalization results in the formation of a chitosan Schiff base. The present review covers the green synthesis of chitosan Schiff bases using non-conventional green methods such as microwave irradiation, green solvent, ultrasound irradiation, and one-pot synthesis. These methods are energy-efficient and greener versions of the conventional condensation methods. Scientists have paid significant attention to the chitosan Schiff base because of its unique properties and versatility. These molecules display various biological applications, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antibacterial, and anti-fungal. In addition to biological applications, chitosan Schiff base also has other applications like corrosion inhibition, catalysis, metal ion adsorption, and as a sensor. Available literature particularly shows the different methods for the synthesis of chitosan Schiff bases and their different applications. This review gives detailed insight regarding sustainable approaches to the synthesis of chitosan derived Schiff bases and their applications in various emerging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, Kangra, 176206, India
| | - Shiwani Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur Campus, Kangra, 176206, India.
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3
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Khubiev OM, Egorov AR, Kirichuk AA, Khrustalev VN, Tskhovrebov AG, Kritchenkov AS. Chitosan-Based Antibacterial Films for Biomedical and Food Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10738. [PMID: 37445916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial chitosan films, versatile and eco-friendly materials, have garnered significant attention in both the food industry and medicine due to their unique properties, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity. This review delves into the various types of chitosan films and their distinct applications. The categories of films discussed span from pure chitosan films to those enhanced with additives such as metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, graphene, fullerene and its derivatives, and plant extracts. Each type of film is examined in terms of its synthesis methods and unique properties, establishing a clear understanding of its potential utility. In the food industry, these films have shown promise in extending shelf life and maintaining food quality. In the medical field, they have been utilized for wound dressings, drug delivery systems, and as antibacterial coatings for medical devices. The review further suggests that the incorporation of different additives can significantly enhance the antibacterial properties of chitosan films. While the potential of antibacterial chitosan films is vast, the review underscores the need for future research focused on optimizing synthesis methods, understanding structure-property relationships, and rigorous evaluation of safety, biocompatibility, and long-term stability in real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Khubiev
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton R Egorov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Kirichuk
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor N Khrustalev
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS, Leninsky Prosp. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G Tskhovrebov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreii S Kritchenkov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Technical Acoustics NAS of Belarus, Ludnikova Prosp. 13, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus
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Dilnawaz F, Acharya S, Kanungo A. A clinical perspective of chitosan nanoparticles for infectious disease management. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37362954 PMCID: PMC10073797 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases and their effective management are still a challenge in this modern era of medicine. Diseases, such as the SARS-CoV-2, Ebola virus, and Zika virus, still put human civilization at peril. Existing drug banks, which include antivirals, antibacterial, and small-molecule drugs, are the most advocated method for treatment, although effective but they still flounder in many instances. This calls for finding more effective alternatives for tackling the menace of infectious diseases. Nanoformulations are progressively being implemented for clinical translation and are being considered a new paradigm against infectious diseases. Natural polymers like chitosan are preferred to design nanoparticles owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and long shelf-life. The chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) being highly adaptive delivers contemporary prevention for infectious diseases. Currently, they are being used as antibacterial, drug, and vaccine delivery vehicles, and wound-dressing materials, for infectious disease treatment. Although the recruitment of CNPs in clinical trials associated with infectious diseases is minimal, this may increase shortly due to the sudden emergence of unknown pathogens like SARS-CoV-2, thus turning them into a panacea for the management of microorganisms. This review particularly focuses on the all-around application of CNPs along with their recent clinical applications in infectious disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Dilnawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050 India
| | - Sarbari Acharya
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Anwesha Kanungo
- Department of Biology, School of Applied Sciences, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
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Petroni S, Tagliaro I, Antonini C, D’Arienzo M, Orsini SF, Mano JF, Brancato V, Borges J, Cipolla L. Chitosan-Based Biomaterials: Insights into Chemistry, Properties, Devices, and Their Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030147. [PMID: 36976196 PMCID: PMC10059909 DOI: 10.3390/md21030147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan is a marine-origin polysaccharide obtained from the deacetylation of chitin, the main component of crustaceans’ exoskeleton, and the second most abundant in nature. Although this biopolymer has received limited attention for several decades right after its discovery, since the new millennium chitosan has emerged owing to its physicochemical, structural and biological properties, multifunctionalities and applications in several sectors. This review aims at providing an overview of chitosan properties, chemical functionalization, and the innovative biomaterials obtained thereof. Firstly, the chemical functionalization of chitosan backbone in the amino and hydroxyl groups will be addressed. Then, the review will focus on the bottom-up strategies to process a wide array of chitosan-based biomaterials. In particular, the preparation of chitosan-based hydrogels, organic–inorganic hybrids, layer-by-layer assemblies, (bio)inks and their use in the biomedical field will be covered aiming to elucidate and inspire the community to keep on exploring the unique features and properties imparted by chitosan to develop advanced biomedical devices. Given the wide body of literature that has appeared in past years, this review is far from being exhaustive. Selected works in the last 10 years will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Petroni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Irene Tagliaro
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Antonini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Sara Fernanda Orsini
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - João F. Mano
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Virginia Brancato
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - João Borges
- CICECO–Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (L.C.); Tel.: +351-234372585 (J.B.); +39-0264483460 (L.C.)
| | - Laura Cipolla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.B.); (L.C.); Tel.: +351-234372585 (J.B.); +39-0264483460 (L.C.)
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Sadjadi S, Abedian-Dehaghani N, Heydari A, Heravi MM. Chitosan bead containing metal-organic framework encapsulated heteropolyacid as an efficient catalyst for cascade condensation reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2797. [PMID: 36797436 PMCID: PMC9935902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29548-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Using cyclodextrin and chitosan that are bio-based compounds, a novel bi-functional catalytic composite is designed, in which metal-organic framework encapsulated phosphomolybdic acid was incorporated in a dual chitosan-cyclodextrin nanosponge bead. The composite was characterized via XRD, TGA, ICP, BET, NH3-TPD, FTIR, FE-SEM/EDS, elemental mapping analysis and its catalytic activity was examined in alcohol oxidation and cascade alcohol oxidation-Knoevenagel condensation reaction. It was found that the designed catalyst that possess both acidic feature and redox potential could promote both reactions in aqueous media at 55 °C and various substrates with different electronic features could tolerate the aforementioned reactions to furnish the products in 75-95% yield. Furthermore, the catalyst could be readily recovered and recycled for five runs with slight loss of the catalytic activity. Notably, in this composite the synergism between the components led to high catalytic activity, which was superior to each component. In fact, the amino groups on the chitosan served as catalysts, while cyclodextrin nanosponge mainly acted as a phase transfer agent. Moreover, measurement of phosphomolybdic acid leaching showed that its incorporation in metal-organic framework and bead structure could suppress its leaching, which is considered a drawback for this compound. Other merits of this bi-functional catalyst were its simplicity, use of bio-based compounds and true catalysis, which was proved via hot filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samahe Sadjadi
- Gas Conversion Department, Faculty of Petrochemicals, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14975-112, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Neda Abedian-Dehaghani
- grid.411354.60000 0001 0097 6984Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Heydari
- grid.429924.00000 0001 0724 0339Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská Cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- grid.411354.60000 0001 0097 6984Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, P.O. Box 1993891176, Vanak, Tehran, Iran
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Effective Removal of Methylene Blue from Simulated Wastewater Using ZnO-Chitosan Nanocomposites: Optimization, Kinetics, and Isotherm Studies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27154746. [PMID: 35897923 PMCID: PMC9332308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Successful synthesis of ZnO-chitosan nanocomposites was conducted for the removal of methylene blue from an aqueous medium. Remarkable performance of the nanocomposites was demonstrated for the effective uptake of the dye, thereby achieving 83.77, 93.78 and 97.93 mg g-1 for the chitosan, 5 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan and 10 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan, respectively. The corresponding adsorption efficiency was 88.77, 93.78 and 97.95 for the chitosan, 5 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan and 10 wt.% ZnO-Chitosan, respectively. Upon regeneration, good reusability of the nanocomposites was manifested for the continuous removal of the dye up to six consecutive cycles. The adsorption process was kinetically described by a pseudo-first order model, while the isotherms were best fitted by the Langmuir model.
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Hasanpour Galehban M, Zeynizadeh B, Mousavi H. Ni II NPs entrapped within a matrix of l-glutamic acid cross-linked chitosan supported on magnetic carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube: a new and efficient multi-task catalytic system for the green one-pot synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16454-16478. [PMID: 35754864 PMCID: PMC9171750 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a new l-glutamic acid cross-linked chitosan supported on magnetic carboxylic acid-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (Fe3O4/f-MWCNT-CS-Glu) nanocomposite was prepared through a convenient one-pot multi-component sequential strategy. Then, nickelII nanoparticles (NiII NPs) were entrapped within a matrix of the mentioned nanocomposite. Afterward, the structure of the as-prepared Fe3O4/f-MWCNT-CS-Glu/NiII nanosystem was elucidated by various techniques, including FT-IR, PXRD, SEM, TEM, SEM-based EDX and elemental mapping, ICP-OES, TGA/DTA, and VSM. In the next part of this research, the catalytic applications of the mentioned nickelII-containing magnetic nanocomposite were assessed upon green one-pot synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks, including bis-coumarins (3a–n), 2-aryl(or heteroaryl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-ones (5a–r), 9-aryl-3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-3,4,5,6,7,9-hexahydro-1H-xanthene-1,8(2H)-diones (7a–n), and 2-amino-4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles (9a–n). The good-to-excellent yields of the desired products, satisfactory reaction rates, use of water solvent or solvent-free reaction medium, acceptable turnover numbers (TONs) and turnover frequencies (TOFs), along with comfortable recoverability and satisfying reusability of the as-prepared nanocatalyst for at least eight successive runs, and also easy work-up and purification procedures are some of the advantages of the current synthetic protocols. In this research work, an Fe3O4/f-MWCNT-CS-Glu/NiII hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used as a new and efficient multi-task catalytic system for the green one-pot synthesis of diverse heterocyclic frameworks.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behzad Zeynizadeh
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University Urmia Iran
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Hernawan, Purwono B, Triyono, Hanafi M. Amino-functionalized porous chitosan as a solid base catalyst for solvent-free synthesis of chalcones. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Zhang S, Pan H, Huang J, Li Y, Zhang H. A Highly Effective Biomass-Derived Solid Acid Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis Through Esterification. Front Chem 2022; 10:882235. [PMID: 35372280 PMCID: PMC8965869 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.882235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient valorization of renewable liquid biomass for biodiesel production using the desirable biomass-based catalysts is being deemed to be an environmentally friendly process. Herein, a highly active biomass-based solid acid catalyst (SiO2@Cs-SO3H) with renewable chitosan as raw material through sulfonation procedure under the relatively mild condition was successfully manufactured. The SiO2@Cs-SO3H catalyst was systematically characterized, especially with a large specific surface area (21.82 m2/g) and acidity (3.47 mmol/g). The catalytic activity of SiO2@Cs-SO3H was evaluated by esterification of oleic acid (OA) and methanol for biodiesel production. The best biodiesel yield was acquired by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The optimized reaction conditions were temperature of 92°C, time of 4.1 h, catalyst dosage of 6.8 wt%, and methanol to OA molar ratio of 31.4, respectively. In this case, the optimal experimental biodiesel yield was found to be 98.2%, which was close to that of the predicted value of 98.4%, indicating the good reliability of RSM employed in this study. Furthermore, SiO2@Cs-SO3H also exhibited good reusability in terms of five consecutive recycles with 87.0% biodiesel yield. As such, SiO2@Cs-SO3H can be considered and used as a bio-based sustainable catalyst of high-efficiency for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songdang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hu Pan
- College of Biological, Chemical Science and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jinshu Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuncong Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, State-Local Joint Laboratory for Comprehensive Utilization of Biomass, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Heng Zhang,
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Efficient Synthesis of Biodiesel Catalyzed by Chitosan-Based Catalysts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8971613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Catalysts play an important role in the preparation of biodiesel. It is of great significance to study catalysts with high efficiency, low cost, and easy preparation. Compared with the homogeneous catalyst system, the heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and has a better catalytic effect. In heterogeneous catalysts, supports and preparation methods have important effects on the dispersion of active centers and the overall performance of catalysts. However, the supports of existing solid catalysts have defects in porosity, structural uniformity, stability, and specific surface area, and the preparation methods cannot stabilize covalent bonds or ionic bonds to bind catalytic sites. Considering the activity, preparation method, and cost of the catalyst, biomass-based catalyst is the best choice, but the specific surface area of the biomass-based catalyst is relatively low, the distribution of active centers is uneven, and it is easy to lose. Therefore, the hybrid carrier of biomass-based catalyst and other materials can not only improve the specific surface area but also make the distribution of active centers uniform and the catalytic activity better. Based on this, we summarized the application of chitosan hybrid material catalysts in biodiesel. The preparation, advantages and disadvantages, reaction conditions, and so on of chitosan-based catalysts were mainly concerned. At the same time, exploring the effects of different types of chitosan-based catalysts on the preparation of biodiesel and exploring the process technology with high efficiency and low consumption is the focus of this paper.
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12
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Conversion of Plastic Waste into Supports for Nanostructured Heterogeneous Catalysts: Application in Environmental Remediation. SURFACES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Plastics are ubiquitous in our society and are used in many industries, such as packaging, electronics, the automotive industry, and medical and health sectors, and plastic waste is among the types of waste of higher environmental concern. The increase in the amount of plastic waste produced daily has increased environmental problems, such as pollution by micro-plastics, contamination of the food chain, biodiversity degradation and economic losses. The selective and efficient conversion of plastic waste for applications in environmental remediation, such as by obtaining composites, is a strategy of the scientific community for the recovery of plastic waste. The development of polymeric supports for efficient, sustainable, and low-cost heterogeneous catalysts for the treatment of organic/inorganic contaminants is highly desirable yet still a great challenge; this will be the main focus of this work. Common commercial polymers, like polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene therephthalate, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride, are addressed herein, as are their main physicochemical properties, such as molecular mass, degree of crystallinity and others. Additionally, we discuss the environmental and health risks of plastic debris and the main recycling technologies as well as their issues and environmental impact. The use of nanomaterials raises concerns about toxicity and reinforces the need to apply supports; this means that the recycling of plastics in this way may tackle two issues. Finally, we dissert about the advances in turning plastic waste into support for nanocatalysts for environmental remediation, mainly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles.
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Cirujano FG, Dhakshinamoorthy A. Challenges and Opportunities for the Encapsulation of Enzymes over Porous Solids for Biodiesel Production and Cellulose Valorization into Glucose. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Cirujano
- Institute of Molecular Science (ICMOL) Universidad de Valencia 46980 Paterna Valencia Spain
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14
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Mousavi H. A comprehensive survey upon diverse and prolific applications of chitosan-based catalytic systems in one-pot multi-component synthesis of heterocyclic rings. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 186:1003-1166. [PMID: 34174311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds are among the most prestigious and valuable chemical molecules with diverse and magnificent applications in various sciences. Due to the remarkable and numerous properties of the heterocyclic frameworks, the development of efficient and convenient synthetic methods for the preparation of such outstanding compounds is of great importance. Undoubtedly, catalysis has a conspicuous role in modern chemical synthesis and green chemistry. Therefore, when designing a chemical reaction, choosing and or preparing powerful and environmentally benign simple catalysts or complicated catalytic systems for an acceleration of the chemical reaction is a pivotal part of work for synthetic chemists. Chitosan, as a biocompatible and biodegradable pseudo-natural polysaccharide is one of the excellent choices for the preparation of suitable catalytic systems due to its unique properties. In this review paper, every effort has been made to cover all research articles in the field of one-pot synthesis of heterocyclic frameworks in the presence of chitosan-based catalytic systems, which were published roughly by the first quarter of 2020. It is hoped that this review paper can be a little help to synthetic scientists, methodologists, and catalyst designers, both on the laboratory and industrial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Mousavi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
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15
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Alkabli J, Rizk MA, Elshaarawy RFM, El-Sayed WN. Ionic chitosan Schiff bases supported Pd(II) and Ru(II) complexes; production, characterization, and catalytic performance in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:454-462. [PMID: 34157331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taking the advantage of multifunctional characteristics of chitosan (CS), we have developed new scaffolds (imidazolium-vanillyl-chitosan Schiff bases (IVCSSBs)) for supporting Pd(II) and Ru(II) ions in catalyzing Suzuki coupling reactions. The structures of new materials were described based on their elemental, spectral, thermal, and microscopic analysis. The strong interactions between the binding sites of IVCSSB ligand (OH, H-C=N, and OCH3 groups) and Pd(II) ions resulted in the formation of an excellent heterogeneous catalyst (Pd(II)IVCSSB1) with amazing catalytic activity (up to 99%) and highly stable in the reaction medium. The reusability experiments for Pd(II)IVCSSB1 revealed that there is no appreciable decrease in its catalytic activity even after five consecutive operation runs. Furthermore, this heterogeneous catalyst showed an excellent selectivity toward the cross-coupling reaction where no homo-coupling byproducts were observed in the 1H NMR spectra of the obtained products. Consequently, the present ionic catalytic system may open a new window for a novel generation of ionic bio-based catalysts for organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Alkabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts - Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moustafa A Rizk
- Chemistry Department, College of Science and Arts-Sharurah, Najran University, Sharurah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt; Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - W N El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts - Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, 43533 Suez, Egypt.
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Development of Stimuli-Responsive Chitosan/ZnO NPs Transdermal Systems for Controlled Cannabidiol Delivery. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020211. [PMID: 33435623 PMCID: PMC7826855 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most common neurological diseases is epilepsy, which not only negatively affects the quality of people's life but also may lead to life-threatening situations when its symptoms such as seizures cannot be controlled medically. A very serious problem to be overcame is the untreatable form of this disease, which cannot be cured by any currently available medicines. Cannabidiol, which is a natural product obtained from Cannabis Sativa, brings a new hope to people suffering from drug-resistant epilepsy. However, the hydrophobic character of this compound significantly lowers its clinical efficiency. One of the promising methods of this substance bioactivity increase is delivery through the skin tissue. In this article, a new type of advanced transdermal systems based on chitosan and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) has been developed according to Sustained Development principles. The chemical modification of the biopolymer confirmed by FT-IR method resulted in the preparation of the material with great swelling abilities and appropriate water vapor permeability. Obtained nanoparticles were investigated over their crystalline structure and morphology and their positive impact on drug loading capacity and cannabidiol controlled release was proved. The novel biomaterials were confirmed to have conductive properties and not be cytotoxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts.
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