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Ma H, Mueed A, Liu D, Ali A, Wang T, Ibrahim M, Su L, Wang Q. Polysaccharides of Floccularia luteovirens regulate intestinal immune response, and oxidative stress activity through MAPK/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway in immunosuppressive mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134140. [PMID: 39074695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
This study explores the novel immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides from the rare Floccularia luteovirens, a fungus with significant potential yet unexplored bioactive components, traditionally used in Tibetan medicine. This study employs a wide array of analytical techniques, including HPGPC, HPLC, western blotting, ELISA, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, to comprehensively investigate FLP1's effects. The main structure of FLP1 was characterized by IF-TR and NMR spectrometry. The structural backbone of FLP1 was →3,6)-β-D-Glcp-(1 → and →2,3)-α-D-Manp-(1→. After immunosuppressed mice treated with FLP1, the findings demonstrated that FLP1 stimulated the production of secretory sIgA and secretion of cytokines (IL-4, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) in the intestine of Cy-treated mice, resulting in the activation of the MAPK pathway. Additionally, FLP1 protected oxidative stress by triggering Nrf2/Keap1 pathways and antioxidation enzymes (SOD, MDA, T-AOC, CAT, and GSH-Px). It also enhanced the intestinal barrier function by regulating the villous height ratio and expression of tight-junction protein. Furthermore, FLP1 remarkably reversed the gut microbiota dysbiosis in immunosuppressed mice by increasing the abundance of Oscilliospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and altered the fecal metabolites by increasing LysoPE (0:0/18:0); 0:0/16:0; 18:1(11Z)/0:0, LysoPG (16:0/0:0), LysoPG 18:1 (2n) PE (14:0/20:1), echinenone, 2-(2-Nitroimidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl) acetamide, and suberic acid which is closely related to the immunity function. These results suggested that FLP1 may regulate the intestinal immune response by modulating the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites in immunosuppressed mice thereby activating the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Abdul Mueed
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Daiyao Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tianci Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ling Su
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Plant Protection, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Xia W, Wang Y, Tao M, Li T, Fu X. Effect of Licorice polysaccharides before and after honey-processing on improving chronic fatigue syndrome and its mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133968. [PMID: 39029844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Honey-processed Licorice, a type of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome processed with honey, is renowned for its superior effectiveness in tonifying the spleen and invigorating Qi compared to the raw product. Our previous research showed that flavonoids and saponins in licorice changed after processing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of chemical composition and biological activity of polysaccharides after processing. The weight-average molecular weight (Mw) measured by HPGPC showed that the Mw distribution range of raw licorice polysaccharides (RLP) was 1.34 × 103-1.36 × 106 Da, and the Mw distribution range of honey-processed licorice polysaccharides (HPLP) was 1.15 × 103-1.17 × 106 Da, the Mw distribution range of the two were basically the same. The analysis of monosaccharide composition showed that the types of monosaccharide in RLP and HPLP were consistent, and the contents of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid and glucose in HPLP were significantly higher than those in RLP. Furthermore, the impact of these polysaccharides on chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) showed that the high-dose group of HPLP had significantly better improvement of IL-2, IFN-γ and IgA than RLP. Multi-omics analysis showed that both of them could affect the immune system by regulating immunoglobulin, B-cell signaling pathway and T cell phenotypic differentiation. Interestingly, the HPLP could affect the natural killer cells mediated cytotoxicity on this basis. The above results indicated the effects of honey processing on the chemical composition and biological activities of licorice polysaccharides and elucidated the underlying mechanism of the superior biological activities of HPLP over RLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Xia
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yushu Wang
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Mengxin Tao
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Tingting Li
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004 Yinchuan, China
| | - Xueyan Fu
- School of pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 751104, China; Key Laboratory of Ningxia Minority Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 750004 Yinchuan, China.
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Zheng Q, Cheng Z, Duan Y, Hu K, Cai M, Zhang H. Effect of subcritical water temperature on the chain conformation and immune activity of ginger polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129833. [PMID: 38302021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the ginger polysaccharides extracted from hot water (HW-G) were modified with subcritical water (SW-G) to effectively regulate their immune activity, and the relationship between polysaccharide chain conformation and immune activity at different subcritical water temperatures was investigated. The results indicated that, compared with HW-G, the xylose and mannose were degraded at high temperatures. The molecular weight of ginger polysaccharide decreased from 1.083 × 106 g/mol to 3.113 × 105 g/mol after subcritical water modification (100-160 °C). The chain conformation transitioned from rigid rod chain to semi-rigid chain and eventually to random coil. The degree of relaxation of the polysaccharide chains showed a continuous increase trend. Additionally, ginger polysaccharide modified by subcritical water at 130 °C was found to promote the proliferation and phagocytosis of 264.7 cells more obviously and signally increase the secretion levels of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β. When the subcritical water temperature exceeds 130 °C, the activity of ginger polysaccharide begins to decline rapidly. These findings demonstrate a close correlation between polysaccharide chain conformation and immunomodulatory activity, confirming the feasibility of the subcritical water temperature effect as a means of immune activity regulation, which opens up a new approach to obtaining highly active polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zirun Cheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Kai Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Meihong Cai
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haihui Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang N, Chen X. Structurally Modified Polysaccharides: Physicochemical Properties, Biological Activities, Structure-Activity Relationship, and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3259-3276. [PMID: 38308635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are an important class of biomolecules derived from several sources. However, the inherent structure of polysaccharides prevents them from exhibiting favorable physicochemical properties, which restricts their development in agriculture, industry, food, and biomedicine. This paper systematically summarizes the changes in the primary and advanced structures of modified polysaccharides, and focuses on the effects of various modification methods on the hydrophobicity, rheological properties, emulsifying properties, antioxidant activity, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic activities of polysaccharides. Then there is a list the applications of modified polysaccharides in treating heavy metal pollutants, purifying water resources, improving beverage stability and bread quality, and precisely delivering the drug. When summarized and reviewed, the information above can shed further light on the relationship between polysaccharide structure and function. Determining the structure-activity relationship provides a scientific basis for the direction of molecular modifications of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
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Yang J, Dong S, Zhou X, Zhang W, Gu Y, Zheng L, Yang G, Wang J, Zhang Y. Polysaccharides from waste Zingiber mioga leaves: Ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction, characterization, antioxidant and anticoagulant potentials. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106718. [PMID: 38091742 PMCID: PMC10733691 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber mioga is a highly economic crop that is used to produce vegetables, spices and herbal pharmaceuticals. Its edible flower bud contributes most to the economic value, but the big leaves were discarded as agricultural waste, which urgently needs to be exploited. In this work, polysaccharides from waste Z. mioga leaves (PWZMLs) were extracted using ultrasonic-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE). After purification and characterization, the antioxidation and anticoagulation of PWZMLs were evaluated to appraise the potential in cardiovascular protection. Under the liquid-solid ratio of 26: 1 mL/g, after ultrasonication at 495 W for 10 min, followed by microwaving at 490 W for 5 min, the yield of PWZMLs achieved to 6.22 ± 0.14 %, notably higher (P < 0.01) than other methods, and ultrasound contributed more to the yield than microwave. Various analyses confirmed that PWZMLs were negatively charged polysaccharides with galacturonic acid the dominant uronic acid. PWZMLs exerted excellent antioxidant capacity, especially for scavenging 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. PWZMLs also elicited promising anticoagulant property, particularly for prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time and lowering fibrinogen, which were almost equivalent to heparin at the same concentration. PWZMLs contained two polysaccharide fractions (199.53 and 275.42 kDa) that could synergistically contribute to the pronounced antioxidant and anticoagulant activities. The PWZMLs extracted with optimized UMAE have great potential in cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuaiyi Dong
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunzhu Gu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guihong Yang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Cai Y, Tian Y, Xu L, Zhang A, Zhang C, Zhang S. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction brings high-yield polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers with cosmetic potential. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106626. [PMID: 37793200 PMCID: PMC10550611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to ameliorate the yield of polysaccharides from Kangxian flowers (PKFs) using ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and to explore the structural features and cosmetic potential of PKFs obtained under the optimized UAE. According to response surface methodology, the optimal UAE for PKFs were liquid-to-solid ratio of 59: 1 mL/g, ultrasonic power of 404 W, time of 48 min, and temperature of 66℃, under which the yield of PKFs reached 26.8 ± 1.76 %, 2.6-folds higher than hot-water extraction. By comparing the microstructures, it can be seen that ultrasonication exerted great damage on Kangxian flowers to promote the outflow of PKFs. Various analyses revealed that the PKFs extracted with UAE were acidic polysaccharides with relatively lower molecular weights of 0.92 - 76.9 kDa, negatively charged potential of -16.3 mV, and arabinose the dominant monosaccharide followed by galactose. These structural features conferred PKFs pronounced antioxidant, moistureabsorptionandretentionproperties, showing great potential for cosmetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yihui Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Cai
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuping Tian
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianfa Xu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aibei Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shushu Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, China
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Chen H, Liu X, Xie M, Zhong X, Yan C, Xian M, Wang S. Two polysaccharides from Rehmannia glutinosa: isolation, structural characterization, and hypoglycemic activities. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30190-30201. [PMID: 37842674 PMCID: PMC10573874 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05677e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rehmannia glutinosa (RG) as a Chinese herbal medicine can be used both in medicine and food. As the main component of RG, the polysaccharides have a hypoglycemic effect, however, the hypoglycemic activity of RG homopolysaccharides remains unknown. We isolated and purified two polysaccharides, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 (4.9 kDa and 2.8 kDa) from RG. The structural characteristics, including monosaccharide composition, linkage, and configuration were analyzed by FT-IR, HPLC, GC-MS, NMR spectroscopy, Congo test, and SEM. RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 consist of four monosaccharides (glucose, mannose, arabinose, and galactose). RGP70-1-1 contains 14 connection modes, with the linkages including l-Araf-(1→, →3)-l-Araf-(1→, →5)-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →2,5)-l-Araf-(1→, d-Manp-(1→, →2)-d-Manp-(1→, →4)-d-Manp-(1→, d-Galp-(1→, →4)-d-Galp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Galp-(1→, →6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →3,6)-d-Glcp-(1→. The linkages of RGP70-1-2 is including →5)-l-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-l-Araf-(1→, →4)-d-Manp-(1→, →3,6)-d-Manp-(1→, d-Galp-(1→, →6)-d-Galp-(1→, d-Glcp-(1→, →6)-d-Glcp-(1→, →4,6)-d-Glcp-(1→. Furthermore, RGP70-1-1 and RGP70-1-2 can inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase. RGP70-1-1 stimulated GLP-1 secretion in STC-1 cells and was related to the up-regulation of PI3K and p-AKT protein expression. The findings revealed a natural product with potential hypoglycemic activity, which may be used as a GLP-1 secretagogue and a beneficial functional food ingredient for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huien Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Meixia Xie
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Xiaoting Zhong
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Chunyan Yan
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Minghua Xian
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Key Laboratory of Digital Quality Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of TCM, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
- Engineering & Technology Research Center for Chinese Materia Medica Quality of the Universities of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510006 China
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Yun L, Han C, He X, Li Q, Fersht V, Zhang M. Structure Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Carbohydrates. Molecules 2023; 28:5771. [PMID: 37570747 PMCID: PMC10421513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, also known as oriental weather loach, is widely consumed and favored in East Asia due to its superior nutritional values and excellent flavor. In this study, a crude Misgurnus anguillicaudatus carbohydrates (MAC) was isolated from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Subsequently, two parts, which were named MAO and MAP, respectively, were separated from MAC, and their primary structures and immunomodulatory activity were investigated. The results showed that MAO had a molecular weight of 2854 Da, and principally consisted of arabinose (77.11%) and rhamnose (21.97%), together with minor levels of fucose (0.92%); MAP, with a molecular weight of 3873 Da, was mainly composed of fucose (87.55%) and a small amount of rhamnose (8.86%) and galactose (3.59%). The in vitro assay showed that MAC could significantly enhance the proliferation of macrophages without cytotoxicity and increase the production of immune substances (TNF-α, IL-6). Together with Western blot results, we speculated that MAC could stimulate RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells to secrete TNF-α and IL-6 through up-regulating TLR4-MAPK-p38 signaling pathways. The results indicated that MAC could be a potential immune agent and might provide meaningful information for further chain conformation and immune mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Yun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300392, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.)
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Conglin Han
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaoqing He
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300392, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.)
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Viktor Fersht
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Breeding (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300392, China; (L.Y.); (Q.L.)
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, China; (C.H.); (X.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Shu Z, Zheng Y, Hu X, Zhang P, Huang H, Sheng L, Zhang P, Wang Q, Wang X, Li N. Regulation strategy, bioactivity, and physical property of plant and microbial polysaccharides based on molecular weight. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125360. [PMID: 37321440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Structural features affect the bioactivity, physical property, and application of plant and microbial polysaccharides. However, an indistinct structure-function relationship limits the production, preparation, and utilization of plant and microbial polysaccharides. Molecular weight is an easily regulated structural feature that affects the bioactivity and physical property of plant and microbial polysaccharides, and plant and microbial polysaccharides with a specific molecular weight are important for exerting their bioactivity and physical property. Therefore, this review summarized the regulation strategies of molecular weight via metabolic regulation; physical, chemical, and enzymic degradations; and the influence of molecular weight on the bioactivity and physical property of plant and microbial polysaccharides. Moreover, further problems and suggestions must be paid attention to during regulation, and the molecular weight of plant and microbial polysaccharides must be analyzed. The present work will promote the production, preparation, utilization, and investigation of the structure-function relationship of plant and microbial polysaccharides based on their molecular weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhihan Shu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Xilei Hu
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Peiyao Zhang
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001,China
| | - Hongtao Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pengshuai Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xueqin Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Na Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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10
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Xie A, Wan H, Feng L, Yang B, Wan Y. Protective Effect of Anoectochilus formosanus Polysaccharide against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in BALB/c Mice. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091910. [PMID: 37174447 PMCID: PMC10178248 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Anoectochilus formosanus polysaccharide (AFP) was acquired a via water extraction and alcohol precipitation method. The immunoregulatory activity of AFP was first evaluated on cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice. Galacturonic acid, glucose and galactose were confirmed to be the main components of AFP. AFP demonstrated the ability to stimulate the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Not surprisingly, the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway by AFP was validated via Western blot analysis. Furthermore, AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immunosuppression, and significantly enhance the immunity of mice via increasing the thymus index and body weight, stimulating the production of cytokines (IgA, IgG, SIgA, IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-γ). The improvement in the intestinal morphology of immunosuppressed mice showed that AFP could alleviate Cy-induced immune toxicity. These results have raised the possibility that AFP may act as a natural immunomodulator. Overall, the study of AFP was innovative and of great significance for AFP's further application and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Boyun Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiqun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Tian B, Liu R, Xu T, Cai M, Mao R, Huang L, Yang K, Zeng X, Peilong S. Modulating effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides on the immune response by regulating gut microbiota in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3050-3064. [PMID: 36546454 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota (GM) is recognized as a significant contributor to the immune system. In the present study, the effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEP) on immunoregulation and GM in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-treated mice were investigated to elucidate the attenuate of immunosuppression by modulating GM. RESULTS The results revealed that HEP significantly improved the body weight and immune organ index in immunodeficient mice (P < 0.05). They significantly increased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (P < 0.05), adjusted the α and β diversity of the GM, and the bacterial community structure was more similar to that of control group. Taxonomic composition analysis found that HEP increased the abundance of Alistipse, uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiracea, uncultured_bacterium_f_Ruminococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and decreased Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Alloprevotella, suggesting that HEP can improve the GM structure and inhibit CTX-induced GM dysregulation. Moreover, HEP increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, recovered SCFA levels, alleviated immunosuppression caused by CTX, enhanced the serum immune cytokine factors, and upregulated TLR4/NF-κB pathway key proteins (TLR4, NF-κB p65) at mRNA and protein levels. CONCLUSION Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides effectively regulated GM and enhancement of intestinal immune function, so they have the potential to be developed as functional ingredients or foods to modulate immune responses. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resource Processing Technology for Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Renjian Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Tianrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resource Processing Technology for Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Rongliang Mao
- Changshan Haofeng Agricultural Development Co. LTD, Quzhou, China
| | - Liangshui Huang
- Research Institute of Changshan Tianle Edible Fungus, Quzhou, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resource Processing Technology for Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sun Peilong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
- China Key Laboratory of Food Macromolecular Resource Processing Technology for Light Industry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou, China
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Tian B, Wang P, Xu T, Cai M, Mao R, Huang L, Sun P, Yang K. Ameliorating effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides on intestinal barrier injury in immunocompromised mice induced by cyclophosphamide. Food Funct 2023; 14:2921-2932. [PMID: 36892225 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is a kind of large fungus with rich nutrition and its polysaccharides exhibit various biological activities. In recent years, widespread interest has been focused on maintaining or improving intestinal health through the consumption of edible fungi. Studies have shown that hypoimmunity can damage the intestinal barrier, which in turn seriously affects human health. The aim of this work was to investigate the ameliorative effects of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (HEPs) on intestinal barrier damage in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice. The results showed that the HEP effectively increased the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissues of mice. In addition, the HEP restored the immune organ index, increased the serum levels of IL-2 and IgA, augmented the mRNA expression levels of intestinal Muc2, Reg3γ, occludin and ZO-1, and reduced intestinal permeability in mice. It was further confirmed by an immunofluorescence assay that the HEP enhanced the expression level of intestinal tight junction proteins to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier. These results suggested that the HEP could reduce intestinal permeability and enhance intestinal immune functions by increasing antioxidant capacity, tight junction proteins and immune-related factors in CTX-induced mice. In conclusion, the HEP effectively ameliorated CTX-induced intestinal barrier damage in immunocompromised mice, which provides a new application direction for the HEP as a natural immunopotentiator with antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoming Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
| | - Peiyi Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
| | - Tianrui Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
| | - Ming Cai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
| | - Rongliang Mao
- Changshan Haofeng Agricultural Development Co. Ltd, Quzhou 324207, China
| | - Liangshui Huang
- Research Institute of Changshan Tianle Edible Fungus, Quzhou 324200, China
| | - Peilong Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 313299, China.
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Wang Z, Zhou X, Sheng L, Zhang D, Zheng X, Pan Y, Yu X, Liang X, Wang Q, Wang B, Li N. Effect of ultrasonic degradation on the structural feature, physicochemical property and bioactivity of plant and microbial polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 236:123924. [PMID: 36871679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
With the bioactivities of antioxidant, anti-bacteria, anti-inflammation, immune regulation, antitumor and anti-coagulation, plant and microbial polysaccharides have been widely used in foods, medicine and cosmetics. However, how structure features affect the physicochemical property and bioactivity of plant and microbial polysaccharides is still unclear. Ultrasonic degradation usually degrades or modifies plant and microbial polysaccharides with different physicochemical properties and bioactivities by affecting their chemical or spatial structures via mechanical bond breaking and cavitation effects. Therefore, ultrasonic degradation might be an effective strategy for producing bioactive plant and microbial polysaccharides and analyzing their structure-function relationship. Present review summarized the influence of ultrasonic degradation on structural feature, physicochemical property and bioactivity of plant and microbial polysaccharides. Moreover, further problems need to be paid attention to during the application of ultrasonication for plant and microbial polysaccharides degradation are also recommended. Overall, present review will provide an efficient method for producing enhanced bioactive plant and microbial polysaccharides and analyzing their structure-activity relationship based on ultrasonic degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueyan Zhou
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lili Sheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Di Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xinxin Zheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaping Pan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaona Liang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Baoshi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center in Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Na Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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14
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Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ni G, Xu J, Tian Y, Liu X, Gao J, Gao Q, Shen Y, Yan Z. Sulfated modification, basic characterization, antioxidant and anticoagulant potentials of polysaccharide from Sagittaria trifolia. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.104812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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15
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Removal of Heavy Metals from Acid Mine Drainage by Red Mud-Based Geopolymer Pervious Concrete: Batch and Long-Term Column Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245355. [PMID: 36559722 PMCID: PMC9787840 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various metal ions in acid mine drainage (AMD) cause environmental pollution. Due to the unique advantages of heavy metal treatment and gelling properties, previous concretes incorporating red mud have attracted extensive attention in AMD passive treatment, which utilises naturally occurring chemicals to cleanse contaminated mine waters with low operating costs. This study aims to develop red mud-based geopolymer pervious concrete as an eco-friendly method to remove heavy metals in AMD. Compared with raw pervious concrete, red mud-based geopolymer pervious concrete improves the purification efficiency of heavy metals. The high rate of acid reduction and metal removal by the geopolymer is attributed to the dissolution of portlandite in red mud. Precipitation of metal hydroxides seems to be the dominant metal removal mechanism. Under optimal conditions (influent pH = 4.0 and the hydraulic retention time = 24 h), red mud-based geopolymer pervious concrete could completely remove Cu(II), Mn(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) by up to 10 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 1.6 mg/L and 16 mg/L, respectively. When the influent pH is 2.5, the hydrolysis of Fe(III) released from red mud increases the consumption of OH-. Moreover, when the influent pH is 4.0, the precipitation of CaSO4 promotes the dissolution of portlandite and metal removal. Therefore, red mud has demonstrated feasibility in the manufacturing of geopolymer-based pervious concrete for purification AMD.
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Zhang C, Fu Q, Hua Y, Zhang H, Duan Y. Correlation of conformational changes and immunomodulatory activity of lentinan under different subcritical water temperature. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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17
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Tabibzadeh F, Alvandi H, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Kalitukha L, Aghajani H, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of exopolysaccharide from mushroom Hericium coralloides in submerged fermentation. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36277811 PMCID: PMC9579569 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-03386-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms of the genus Hericium spp. represent a series of delicious edible mushrooms with medicinal value. Here, for the first time, the species native to Iran, the mushroom Hericium coralloides, was collected in Mazandaran province, identified, and registered with the NCBI under accession number MW136052. The production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in submerged culture was optimized using the response surface method. Among the physicochemical and culture medium conditions tested, rotation speed and concentration of maltose and peptone of soybean significantly affected the production of EPS. The proposed model predicts maximum EPS production (0.13 g/L) at 50 g/L maltose, 3 g/L soy peptone, and 1 g/L yeast extract, pH = 6.5, 200 rpm, inoculum at 5% v/v, and 22 °C. The molecular weight of the EPS chains was 413 and 1578 Da. EPS has antioxidant action (EC50 = 6.59 mg/mL) and cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. The viability of AGS and MKN-45 cancer cell lines declined to 20 and 30% after 48 h of the EPS treatment. H. coralloides EPS could be considered a natural dietary anti-cancer supplement. Further studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of the H. coralloides EPS activity on the cell cycle of cancer cells and to prove its action in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13399-022-03386-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firouzeh Tabibzadeh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hale Alvandi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Aghajani
- Department of Forestry, Sari Agriculture Science and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Bo R, Liu X, Wang J, Wei S, Wu X, Tao Y, Xu S, Liu M, Li J, Pang H. Polysaccharide from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz binding with zinc oxide nanoparticles: Characterization, immunological effect and mechanism. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992502. [PMID: 36185684 PMCID: PMC9520191 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (A. macrocephala) has been used both as a traditional medicine and functional food for hundreds of years in Asia. And it has a variety of biological activities, such as enhancing the ability of immunity and modulating effect on gastrointestinal motility. In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide with molecular weight of 2.743 × 103 Da was isolated from the root of A. macrocephala. Polysaccharide from A. macrocephala (AMP) consisted of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, mannose, ribose, galactose uronic acid, glucose uronic acid, with a percentage ratio of 21.86, 12.28, 34.19, 0.43, 0.92, 0.85, 28.79, and 0.67%, respectively. Zinc plays an important role in immune system. Therefore, we supposed that AMP binding with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (AMP-ZnONPs) might be an effective immunostimulator. AMP-ZnONPs was prepared by Borch reduction, and its structural features were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), TEM-energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping (TEM-EDS mapping), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size and zeta-potential distribution analysis. Then, its immunostimulatory activity and the underlying mechanism were evaluated using RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that AMP-ZnONPs remarkably promoted cell proliferation, enhanced phagocytosis, the release of nitric oxide (NO), cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and MHCII). Moreover, AMP-ZnONPs could promote the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), phospho-IκBα (P-IκBα) and phospho-p65 (P-p65), and TLR4 inhibitor (TAK242) inhibited the expression of these proteins induced by AMP-ZnONPs. Therefore, AMP-ZnONPs activated macrophages by TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, indicating that AMP-ZnONPs could act as a potential immunostimulator in medicine and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Bo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiaopan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Simin Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ya Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shuya Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jingui Li,
| | - Huan Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Huan Pang,
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A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fibrous Root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Its Immune Enhancement Effect in Vivo and in Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8723119. [PMID: 36124017 PMCID: PMC9482487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8723119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The fibrous roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (FRAAB) are byproducts of the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Some studies have revealed secondary metabolic small molecules in FRAAB, but there are few reports on the polysaccharides of FRAAB (PFRAAB). Aim of the Study. The present study aimed to investigate the preliminary characterization and underlying mechanism of immune stimulation of PFRAAB. Materials and Methods The crude polysaccharide of FRAAB was obtained by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and PFRAAB was purified by a diethylaminoethyl-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatographic column and graphene dialysis membrane. The preliminary characterization of PFRAAB was studied by ultraviolet (UV) scanning and Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection (FTIR). The molecular weight and composition of PFRAAB were analysed by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The immune stimulation of PFRAAB was investigated by using cyclophosphamide- (CCP-) treated mice and RAW264.7 cells. Results A water-soluble PFRAAB was obtained with a molecular weight of 115 kDa and was mainly composed of arabinose (ara), galactose (gal), glucose (glc), and mannose (man). Compared with CCP-induced mice, PFRAAB significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) increased the spleen and thymus index, ameliorated injury to the spleen and thymus, and evaluated immunoglobulin levels. In addition, PFRAAB also increased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells and upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myd88, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) P65, p–NF–κB P65, IKB-α, and p-IKB-α. Conclusion PFRAAB possesses immune stimulation activity and can be used as a potential resource for immune-enhancing drugs. Our present study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive development of Anemarrhena asphodeloides medicinal plant resources.
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Wusiman A, Rexiati S, Aziz M, Cheng X, Mai Z, Abulaiti A, Wutikuer A, Rozi P, Abuduwaili A, Abula S. Preparation and sulfate modified of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl polysaccharide and its immune-enhancing adjuvant activity. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102112. [PMID: 36067576 PMCID: PMC9468591 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal polysaccharides and their modifiers used as vaccine adjuvants have been widely investigated due to their safety and good immunoenhancing activity. In this study, the 50% ethanol concentration precipitated Lagenaria siceraria(Molina) standl polysaccharide (LSP50) and sulfated modified LSP50 (sLSP50) was prepared, and their characterization was investigated. LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 were used as vaccine adjuvants to immunize chickens, and the strength and type of immune responses induced by different adjuvants were detected. Our results showed that LSP50 was homogeneous polysaccharides, and the carbohydrate content was 98.6%. The sLSP50-1.5 with the DS value of 1.5 was optimized by response surface methodology. The sLSP50-1.5 has both characteristics of polysaccharide functional groups and sulfate functional groups. Adjuvant activity of LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 showed that LSP50 and sLSP50-1.5 could induce long-lasting and high hemagglutination (HI) titers, antigen-specific lgG-NDV antibody, splenic lymphocyte proliferation, high immune organ index. Moreover, chicken immunized with sLSP50-1.5 showed a strong mixed Th1-type (IFN-γ and TNF-α) and Th2-type (IL-4 and IL-6) cytokines expression. Thus, these findings demonstrated that sLSP50-1.5 as a vaccine adjuvant can induce a mixed cellular and humoral immune response and can potentially serve as an effective vaccine adjuvant for NDV antigen.
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Cui Y, Zhang L, Lu C, Dou M, Jiao Y, Bao Y, Shi W. Effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine on intestinal immunity and cecal intestinal flora in CTX immunosuppressed mice. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959726. [PMID: 35958151 PMCID: PMC9358959 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to explore the improvement effect of CSPCM (compound small peptide of Chinese medicine) on intestinal immunity and microflora through the treatment of different doses of CSPCM. A total of 100 male Kunming mice were weighed and divided into five groups, namely, group A (control group), group B (model group), group C (0.1 g/kg·bw CSPCM), group D (0.2 g/kg·bw CSPCM), and group E (0.4 g/kg·bw CSPCM). The use of CTX (cyclophosphamide) caused a series of negative effects: the secretion of IL-2, IL-22, TNF-α, sIgA, length of the villi, and the area of Pey's node were significantly reduced (P < 0.05); the depth of crypt and the percent of CD3+ and CD4+ cells were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the cecal flora taxa decreased; the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus increased; and the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, Proteobacteria, Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, and Flexisprra decreased. The addition of CSPCM improved the secretion of cytokines and the development of intestinal villi, crypts, and Pey's node. The number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in groups C, D, and E was significantly higher than that in group B (P < 0.05). Compared with group B, the abundance of Firmicutes in groups C, D, and E was decreased, and the Bacteroidetes, Deferribacteres, and Proteobacteria increased. The abundance of Lactobacillus decreased, while that of Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, and Flexisprra increased. It is concluded that cyclophosphamide is extremely destructive to the intestinal area and has a great negative impact on the development of the small intestine, the intestinal immune system, and the intestinal flora. The CSPCM can improve the negative effects of CTX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chunyu Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Mengmeng Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yulan Jiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Research and Development Department, Ringpu (Baoding) Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Baoding, China
- Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Pharmacoefficacy Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Pharmacoefficacy Laboratory, Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Wanyu Shi
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22
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Wang B, Yan L, Guo S, Wen L, Yu M, Feng L, Jia X. Structural Elucidation, Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationship of Polysaccharides in Chinese Herbs: A Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908175. [PMID: 35669078 PMCID: PMC9163837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese herbal polysaccharides (CHPs) are natural polymers composed of monosaccharides, which are widely found in Chinese herbs and work as one of the important active ingredients. Its biological activity is attributed to its complex chemical structure with diverse spatial conformations. However, the structural elucidation is the foundation but a bottleneck problem because the majority of CHPs are heteropolysaccharides with more complex structures. Similarly, the studies on the relationship between structure and function of CHPs are even more scarce. Therefore, this review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of CHPs. Meanwhile, we reviewed the structural elucidation strategies and some new progress especially in the advanced structural analysis methods. The characteristics and applicable scopes of various methods are compared to provide reference for selecting the most efficient method and developing new hyphenated techniques. Additionally, the principle structural modification methods of CHPs and their effects on activity are summarized. The shortcomings, potential breakthroughs, and developing directions of the study of CHPs are discussed. We hope to provide a reference for further research and promote the application of CHPs.
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Wu Z, Li H, Zhao X, Ye F, Zhao G. Hydrophobically modified polysaccharides and their self-assembled systems: A review on structures and food applications. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 284:119182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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24
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Chen X, Wang C, Wang C, Liu C, Yuan Y, Wang B, Wu G, Han Y, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Li X. The emulsification properties of alkaline-extracted polysaccharide conjugates from Apocynum venetum L. tea residues. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Research of Inonotus obliquus Oligosaccharide in Prevention of Hyperlipidemia. J FOOD QUALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/1174452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, hot water was used to extract Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide. DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose G-200 were used to purify Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide. Inonotus obliquus oligosaccharide IOP-2A was obtained. Its molecular weight Mw is about 1000 Da. The monosaccharide composition and molar ratio were glucose : xylose : galactose : mannose = 54.1 : 13.6 : 13.2 : 6.7. In addition, it also contains a small amount of galactose, gluconic acid, rhamnose, and fucose. IOP-2A contained mainly β-glycosidic bonds. Among them, 1,4-glycosidic bonds accounted for 9.2%, and 1,6-glycosidic bonds accounted for 85.1%. Oligosaccharide macromolecules formed a layered structure. Mouse experiments showed that IOP-2A had the function of preventing hyperlipidemia. At the same time, IOP-2A had a certain protective effect on the liver and kidney. The mechanism of IOP-2A in preventing hyperlipidemia was obtained from the perspective of mouse intestinal flora.
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26
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Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation Extraction of Inonotus hispidus Fruiting Body Melanin. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122893. [PMID: 34945444 PMCID: PMC8700211 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin has good nutritional and medicinal value; however, its extraction rate is extremely low. This study explored the edible and medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus fruiting body melanin (IHFM) extraction process and solid-state fermentation conditions. The results showed that the best way to extract IHFM is the compound enzymatic method, with complex enzyme 26.63 mg/g, liquid material ratio 5:1, enzymatic hydrolysis 80 min, pH 4.61, and enzymolysis temperature at 36.07 °C. The yield of IHFM was 23.73 ± 0.57%, which was equivalent to 1.27 times before optimization. The best solid medium formula was normal pH, rice 20 g per cultivation bottle, maltose 22 g/L, beef extract 4.4 g/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio 5:1, and liquid-to-material ratio 1.1:1, where the IHFM yield was 31.80 ± 1.34%, which was equivalent to 1.7 times that before optimization. In summary, solid-state fermentation and extraction optimization greatly improved the yield of melanin, provided a reference to produce melanin, and laid a foundation for the development and utilization of melanin.
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27
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Yu R, Sun M, Meng Z, Zhao J, Qin T, Ren Z. Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharides enzymatic hydrolysis from Hericium erinaceus on the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:272-280. [PMID: 34303739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the indirect immunomodulatory activities and its mechanism of enzymatic hydrolysis of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharides (EHEP) in the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. According to the TEER value, transmission of phenol red and AKP activity of MODE-K cells, single model was established in order to evaluate the eligibility of MODE-K cells monolayer. Then the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model was set up and HEP and EHEP were added into the apical chamber, DCs were obtained for the expression of key surface markers, the ability of phagocytosis, the morphology, the secretion of cytokines and the production of target proteins. We found that after 21 d of culture, the MODE-K cells monolayer became intact and dense, which can be used for the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model. Under the treatment of HEP and EHEP, immature DCs become into mature DCs with the high expression of CD86 and MHCII, the low antigens up-taking, the typical morphology, the more content of IL-12 and TNF-α and the high level of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB proteins. However, compared with HEP, EHEP showed the better immunomodulatory activities. These findings indicated that EHEP could indirectly affect the immune function of DCs in the MODE-K/DCs co-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Mengke Sun
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jingchao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Tao Qin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Traditional and Western Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
| | - Zhe Ren
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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28
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Strategies to Increase the Biological and Biotechnological Value of Polysaccharides from Agricultural Waste for Application in Healthy Nutrition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115937. [PMID: 34205897 PMCID: PMC8198840 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the extraction and identification of new high added-value compounds from the agro-food industry that will valorize the great amount of by-products generated. Many of these bioactive compounds have shown beneficial effects for humans in terms of disease prevention, but they are also of great interest in the food industry due to their effect of extending the shelf life of foods by their well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. For this reason, an additional research objective is to establish the best conditions for obtaining these compounds from complex by-product structures without altering their activity or even increasing it. This review highlights recent work on the identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from vegetable by-products, their functional activity, new methodologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds from vegetables, possibly increasing their biological activity, and the future of the global functional food and nutraceuticals market.
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29
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Niego AG, Rapior S, Thongklang N, Raspé O, Jaidee W, Lumyong S, Hyde KD. Macrofungi as a Nutraceutical Source: Promising Bioactive Compounds and Market Value. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:397. [PMID: 34069721 PMCID: PMC8161071 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrofungi production and economic value have been increasing globally. The demand for macrofungi has expanded rapidly owing to their popularity among consumers, pleasant taste, and unique flavors. The presence of high quality proteins, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, minerals, triterpene sterols, and secondary metabolites makes macrofungi an important commodity. Macrofungi are well known for their ability to protect from or cure various health problems, such as immunodeficiency, cancer, inflammation, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Many studies have demonstrated their medicinal properties, supported by both in vivo and in vitro experimental studies, as well as clinical trials. Numerous bioactive compounds isolated from mushrooms, such as polysaccharides, proteins, fats, phenolic compounds, and vitamins, possess strong bioactivities. Consequently, they can be considered as an important source of nutraceuticals. Numerous edible mushrooms have been studied for their bioactivities, but only a few species have made it to the market. Many species remain to be explored. The converging trends and popularity of eastern herbal medicines, natural/organic food product preference, gut-healthy products, and positive outlook towards sports nutrition are supporting the growth in the medicinal mushroom market. The consumption of medicinal mushrooms as functional food or dietary supplement is expected to markedly increase in the future. The global medicinal mushroom market size is projected to increase by USD 13.88 billion from 2018 to 2022. The global market values of promising bioactive compounds, such as lentinan and lovastatin, are also expected to rise. With such a market growth, mushroom nutraceuticals hold to be very promising in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Grace Niego
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Iloilo Science and Technology University, La Paz, Iloilo 5000, Philippines
| | - Sylvie Rapior
- Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, University Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Naritsada Thongklang
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Olivier Raspé
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Wuttichai Jaidee
- Medicinal Plants Innovation Center, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
| | - Saisamorn Lumyong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Research Center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Academy of Science, The Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
| | - Kevin D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand; (A.G.N.); (N.T.); (O.R.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Innovative Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510408, China
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30
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Hu TG, Zou YX, Li EN, Liao ST, Wu H, Wen P. Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the structural, rheological, and functional properties of mulberry leaf polysaccharide. Food Chem 2021; 355:129608. [PMID: 33799260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effects of enzymatic hydrolysis on the structural, rheological, and functional properties of mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) were characterized in this study. The enzymatic hydrolysis of MLP raised the carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups from 7.21 ± 0.86 to 10.08 ± 0.28 CO/100 Glu, 9.40 ± 0.13 to 17.55 ± 0.34 COOH/100 Glu, and 5.71 ± 0.33 to 8.14 ± 0.24 OH/100 Glu, respectively. Meanwhile, an increase in thixotropic performance and structure-recovery capacities were observed in hydrolyzed MLP, while the molecular weight, surface tension, apparent viscosity, and thermal stability were decreased. An improved antioxidant activity of MLP was also achieved after the enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the hydrolyzed MLP showed greater ability to promote the growths of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus and the production of acetic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid. The results demonstrate that enzymatic modification is a useful approach for polysaccharide processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Gen Hu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, China; Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zou
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China; Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, China
| | - Er-Na Li
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Sen-Tai Liao
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, China
| | - Hong Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology/Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, China.
| | - Peng Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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