1
|
de Jesús-Campos D, García-Ortega LF, Fimbres-Olivarría D, Herrera-Estrella L, López-Elías JA, Hayano-Kanashiro C. Transcriptomic analysis of Chaetoceros muelleri in response to different nitrogen concentrations reveals the activation of pathways to enable efficient nitrogen uptake. Gene 2024; 924:148589. [PMID: 38777108 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Nitrogen is the principal nutrient deficiency that increases lipids and carbohydrate content in diatoms but negatively affects biomass production. Marine diatom Chaetoceros muelleri is characterized by lipid and carbohydrate accumulation under low nitrogen concentration without affecting biomass. To elucidate the molecular effects of nitrogen concentrations, we performed an RNA-seq analysis of C. muelleri grown under four nitrogen concentrations (3.53 mM, 1.76 mM, 0.44 mM, and 0.18 mM of NaNO3). This research revealed that changes in global transcription in C. muelleri are differentially expressed by nitrogen concentration. "Energetic metabolism", "Carbohydrate metabolism" and "Lipid metabolism" pathways were identified as the most upregulated by N deficiency. Due to N limitation, alternative pathways to self-supply nitrogen employed by microalgal cells were identified. Additionally, nitrogen limitation decreased chlorophyll content and caused a greater response at the transcriptional level with a higher number of unigenes differentially expressed. By contrast, the highest N concentration (3.53 mM) recorded the lowest number of differentially expressed genes. Amt1, Nrt2, Fad2, Skn7, Wrky19, and Dgat2 genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR. In conclusion, C. muelleri modify their metabolic pathways to optimize nitrogen utilization and minimize nitrogen losses. On the other hand, the assembled transcriptome serves as the basis for metabolic engineering focused on improving the quantity and quality of the diatom for biotechnological applications. However, proteomic and metabolomic analysis is also required to compare gene expression, protein, and metabolite accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damaristelma de Jesús-Campos
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando García-Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato-Guanajuato Zip Code 36821, Mexico
| | - Diana Fimbres-Olivarría
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera-Estrella
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Plant and Soil Science Department, Texas Tech University, 79409 Lubbock, TX, USA; Unidad de Genómica Avanzada/LANGEBIO, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Irapuato-Guanajuato Zip Code 36821, Mexico
| | - José Antonio López-Elías
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico.
| | - Corina Hayano-Kanashiro
- Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo-Sonora CP 83000, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dhanker R, Saxena A, Tiwari A, Kumar Singh P, Kumar Patel A, Dahms HU, Hwang JS, González-Meza GM, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HMN, Parra-Saldívar R. Towards sustainable diatom biorefinery: Recent trends in cultivation and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 391:129905. [PMID: 37923226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms, with their complex cellular architecture, have been recognized as a source of limitless potential. These microbes are common in freshwater and marine habitats and are essential for primary production and carbon sequestration. They are excellent at utilizing nutrients, providing a sustainable method of treating wastewater while also producing biomass rich in beneficial substances like vitamins, carotenoids, polysaccharides, lipids, omega-3 fatty acids, pigments, and novel bioactive molecules. Additionally, they are highly efficient organisms that can be employed to monitor the environment by acting as trustworthy indicators of water quality. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted applications of diatoms in a variety of fields, such as bioremediation, aquaculture, value-added products, and other applications. The review set out on a path towards greener, more sustainable methods amicable to both industry and the environment by utilizing theenormous diverse biotechnological potentials of diatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raunak Dhanker
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Anil Kumar Patel
- Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 81157, Taiwan
| | - Hans-Uwe Dahms
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung City-804, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiang-Shiou Hwang
- National Taiwan Ocean University, Institute of Marine Biology, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Georgia Maria González-Meza
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Elda M Melchor-Martínez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khan I, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khan A, Ashraf A, Zou X. Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Metabolism and health implications. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 92:101255. [PMID: 37838255 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) have gained substantial interest due to their specific structure and biological functions. Humans cannot naturally produce these fatty acids (FAs), making it crucial to obtain them from our diet. This comprehensive review details n-3 LC-PUFAs and their role in promoting and maintaining optimal health. The article thoroughly analyses several sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs and their respective bioavailability, covering marine, microbial and plant-based sources. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the biological impacts of n-3 LC-PUFAs on health conditions, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular disease (CVD), gastrointestinal (GI) cancer, diabetes, depression, arthritis, and cognition. In addition, we highlight the significance of fortification and supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFAs in both functional foods and dietary supplements. Additionally, we conducted a detailed analysis of the several kinds of n-3 LC-PUFAs supplements currently available in the market, including an assessment of their recommended intake, safety, and effectiveness. The dietary guidelines associated with n-3 LC-PUFAs are also highlighted, focusing on the significance of maintaining a well-balanced intake of n-3 PUFAs to enhance health benefits. Lastly, we highlight future directions for further research in this area and their potential implications for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adil Khan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Azqa Ashraf
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 2666100, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rodrigues JFB, Queiroz JVSDA, Medeiros RP, Santos RO, Fialho DA, Neto JES, dos Santos RL, Barbosa RC, Sousa WJB, Torres MDCDM, Medeiros LADM, Silva SMDL, Montazerian M, Fook MVL, Amoah SKS. Chitosan-PEG Gels Loaded with Jatropha mollissima (Pohl) Baill. Ethanolic Extract: An Efficient and Effective Biomaterial in Hemorrhage Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1399. [PMID: 37895870 PMCID: PMC10609772 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A lack of control over blood loss can have catastrophic implications, including death. Although several hemostatic medications have been employed to reduce bleeding, a vast majority of them are ineffective, expensive, or pose health risks to the patient. To overcome these constraints, chitosan-polyethylene glycol (CS-PEG) hemostatic gels loaded with ethanolic extract of Jatropha mollissima sap (EES) were prepared and their hemostatic, physicochemical, and cytotoxic properties were evaluated. The gels were produced by mixing CS with PEG (an external plasticizer) and EES. The phytochemical analysis revealed a significant concentration of total polyphenols and tannins content in the extract and catechin was identified as one of the key compounds of EES. Infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of EES in the gels, as well as the chemical interaction between CS and PEG. The gels were thermally stable between 25 and 37 °C (ambient and human body temperature range), had pseudoplastic deformation behavior (rheological properties preserved after shearing), were simple to inject (compression force 30 N), and were biocompatible. In vivo experiments showed that both CS-PEG-EES gels exhibited greater hemostatic action in preventing tail hemorrhage in Wistar rats, with decreased bleeding time and blood weight compared with unloaded CS-PEG gels (control groups) and Hemostank, a commercial product. However, the gel prepared with acetic acid was more efficient in controlling bleeding. These findings reveal that CS-PEG-EES gels can reduce hemorrhages and are a potent, simple, and safe hemostatic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José F. B. Rodrigues
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - João V. S. de A. Queiroz
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Rebeca P. Medeiros
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Rafaela O. Santos
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Djair A. Fialho
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - João E. S. Neto
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Rogério L. dos Santos
- Department of Dentistry, Life Science Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares 36036-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Rossemberg C. Barbosa
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Wladymyr J. B. Sousa
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Maria da C. de M. Torres
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
- Chemistry Department, Science and Technology Center, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande 58429-500, PB, Brazil
| | - Luanna A. D. M. Medeiros
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Suédina M. de L. Silva
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Maziar Montazerian
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Marcus V. L. Fook
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Northeast Laboratory for Evaluation and Development of Biomaterials, Academic Unit of Materials Science and Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58429-000, PB, Brazil (M.d.C.d.M.T.); (S.M.d.L.S.); (M.M.); (M.V.L.F.)
| | - Solomon K. S. Amoah
- Brazilian Association of Support Cannabis Esperança, João Pessoa 58013-130, PB, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang Y, Wan X, Zhao Z, Liu H, Wen Y, Wu W, Ge X, Zhao C. Metabolomic analysis and pathway profiling of paramylon production in Euglena gracilis grown on different carbon sources. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125661. [PMID: 37399871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Paramylon (β-1,3-glucan) produced by Euglena gracilis displays antioxidant, antitumor, and hypolipidaemic functions. The biological properties of paramylon production by E. gracilis can be understood by elucidating the metabolic changes within the algae. In this study, the carbon sources in AF-6 medium were replaced with glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, or ethanol, and the paramylon yield was measured. Adding 0.1260 g/L glucose to the culture medium resulted in the highest paramylon yield of 70.48 %. The changes in metabolic pathways in E. gracilis grown on glucose were assessed via non-targeted metabolomics analysis using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We found that glucose, as a carbon source, regulated some differentially expressed metabolites, including l-glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and l-aspartic acid. Pathway analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes further showed that glucose regulated the carbon and nitrogen balance through the GABA shunt, which enhanced photosynthesis, regulated the flux of carbon and nitrogen into the tricarboxylic acid cycle, promoted glucose uptake, and increased the accumulation of paramylon. This study provides new insights into E. gracilis metabolism during paramylon synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xuzhi Wan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zexu Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanqi Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuxi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Weihao Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- College of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Goyal N, Hajare SN, Gautam S. Release of an encrypted, highly potent ACE-inhibitory peptide by enzymatic hydrolysis of moth bean ( Vigna aconitifolia) protein. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1167259. [PMID: 37360301 PMCID: PMC10288869 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1167259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Dietary approaches for the regulation of blood pressure are the need of the hour. Hence, identifying the foods possessing such activity is gaining importance. With this aim, moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia), an underutilized pulse, was explored for the presence of antihypertensive activity in terms of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition bioactivity. Methods Defatted moth bean protein concentrate was hydrolyzed by using different proteases including Alcalase, papain, and trypsin, to identify the enzyme producing highly potent ACE inhibitory peptides. The hydrolysate showing the highest ACE inhibitory activity was further fractionated using an ultrafiltration membrane (10, 3 and 1 kDa) based on ACE inhibitory activity. The active fraction was further subjected to the ion-exchange chromatography followed by RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS analysis for the enrichment and identification of ACE inhibitory peptides. Finally, based on the bioinformatic analysis, few peptides were synthesized and evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity, followed by docking study and molecular dynamic simulation of a peptide with the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Results and discussion Out of the three proteases, Alcalase-derived hydrolysate showed the highest (~59%) ACE inhibition activity. Molecular weight-based fractionation revealed that <1 kDa fraction possessed the highest ACE inhibitory activity. Activity guided separation of 1 kDa fraction using ion-exchange chromatography, RP-HPLC and LC-MS/MS showed the presence of about 45 peptides. Based on the bioinformatic analysis, 15 peptides were synthesized and evaluated for ACE inhibitory activity. Among these, a novel octapeptide FPPPKVIQ showed the highest ACE inhibitory activity (93.4%) with an IC50 of 0.24 μM. This peptide retained about 59% activity post gastrointestinal digestion simulation. A Dixon plot as well as docking studies revealed the uncompetitive inhibitory nature of this peptide with a Ki value of 0.81 μM. Molecular dynamic simulation studies till 100 ns ensured the stability of the ACE-peptide complex. Conclusion Thus, present study identified a novel potent ACE inhibitory peptide from moth bean that can be incorporated in a functional dietary formulation for regulation of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Goyal
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin N. Hajare
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Satyendra Gautam
- Food Technology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Life Sciences Department, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nieri P, Carpi S, Esposito R, Costantini M, Zupo V. Bioactive Molecules from Marine Diatoms and Their Value for the Nutraceutical Industry. Nutrients 2023; 15:464. [PMID: 36678334 PMCID: PMC9861441 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for novel sources of nutrients is among the basic goals for achievement of sustainable progress. In this context, microalgae are relevant organisms, being rich in high-value compounds and able to grow in open ponds or photobioreactors, thus enabling profitable exploitation of aquatic resources. Microalgae, a huge taxon containing photosynthetic microorganisms living in freshwater, as well as in brackish and marine waters, typically unicellular and eukaryotic, include green algae (Chlorophyceae), red algae (Rhodophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and diatoms (Bacillariophyceae). In recent decades, diatoms have been considered the most sustainable sources of nutrients for humans with respect to other microalgae. This review focuses on studies exploring their bio-pharmacological activities when relevant for human disease prevention and/or treatment. In addition, we considered diatoms and their extracts (or purified compounds) when relevant for specific nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Center of Marine Pharmacology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- National Enterprise for NanoScience and Nanotechnology (NEST), Piazza San Silvestro, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant’Angelo, Via Cinthia 21, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Stazione Zoologica Antorn Dohrn, Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Ischia Marine Centre, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yathisha UG, Tanaaz M, Bhat I, Luckose F, Mamatha BS. Physicochemical properties and angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity of lipid-free ribbon fish ( Lepturacanthus savala) protein hydrolysate. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:340-352. [PMID: 36618059 PMCID: PMC9813303 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The study aims at removal of lipid from ribbon fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) to enhance the protein content and analyse its physicochemical and bioactive properties. Ribbon fish protein hydrolysate was prepared using commercially available papain enzyme (1.5% w/v for 4 h). The resulting supernatant was further treated with lipase (0.5-2.0% w/v for 1-5 h). The treatment used in this study reduced ~ 98% of lipids depending on the enzyme concentration, temperature, pH, and duration of the treatment. Lipase treatment for 2 h increased the protein content from 62.87 to 94.11%. FPH after lipase treatment showed 1.21 folds increase in angiotensin-converting enzyme-I (ACE-I) inhibitory activity and 1.7 folds increase in standard amino acids composition (32.193 to 61.493 g/100 g). The physicochemical properties of FPH samples were analyzed by solubility, hygroscopicity, color, FT-IR, SEM, SDS-PAGE, and Zeta Potential. Use of lipase enzyme for separating the lipid content from protein hydrolysate without conferring any undesirable adverse effects on the physicochemical properties of protein hydrolysate. Lipid-free protein hydrolysates can be of commercial importance for their enhanced ACE-I inhibitory activity, replacing the side effect causing synthetic drugs for hypertension, and can have potential applications in developing functional food formulations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05620-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 018 India
| | - Moideen Tanaaz
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 018 India
| | - Ishani Bhat
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 018 India
| | - Feby Luckose
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 018 India
| | - B. S. Mamatha
- Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka 575 018 India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sulfated Polysaccharides from Chaetoceros muelleri: Macromolecular Characteristics and Bioactive Properties. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101476. [PMID: 36290380 PMCID: PMC9598382 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Algae are an important source of bioactive compounds. The interest in microalgae is increasing due to their high-value products and the advantage of biomass cultivation under controlled conditions. Polysaccharides are released by algae and microalgae species and have been reported to have bioactivities found beneficial to human health. Despite the recognized importance of these organisms, the structure of polysaccharides in microalgae has been practically unexplored in contrast to that of macroalgae. Only a few microalgae polysaccharide structures have been solved due to the difficulties in the extraction of pure samples and the complexity of their chemical structures. Reports emphasize how the molecular weight, the content of sulfate groups, and the negative charge may be responsible for their multiple bioactivities. To better understand the uses and potential applications of extracellular polysaccharides, it is necessary to know their structure and physicochemical properties, which include molecular weight and chain conformation, since they are decisive in their biochemical behavior. Abstract In the present study, a culture of Chaetoceros muelleri, a cosmopolitan planktonic diatom microalga present in the Sea of Cortez, was established under controlled laboratory conditions. A sulfated polysaccharide (CMSP) extraction was carried out from the biomass obtained, resulting in a yield of 2.2% (w/w of dry biomass). The CMSP sample was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing bands ranging from 3405 to 590 cm−1 and a sulfate substitution degree of 0.10. Scanning electron microscopy with elemental analysis revealed that the CMSP particles are irregularly shaped with non-acute angles and contain sulfur. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a dynamic light-scattering detector yielded molecular weight (Mw), polydispersity index (PDI), intrinsic viscosity [η], and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) values of 4.13 kDa, 2.0, 4.68 mL/g, and 1.3 nm, respectively, for the CMSP. This polysaccharide did not present cytotoxicity in CCD-841 colon cells. The antioxidant activity and the glycemic index of the CMSP were 23% and 49, respectively, which gives this molecule an added value by keeping low glycemic levels and exerting antioxidant activity simultaneously.
Collapse
|
10
|
Sansone C, Pistelli L, Del Mondo A, Calabrone L, Fontana A, Noonan DM, Albini A, Brunet C. The Microalgal Diatoxanthin Inflects the Cytokine Storm in SARS-CoV-2 Stimulated ACE2 Overexpressing Lung Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081515. [PMID: 36009234 PMCID: PMC9405469 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Contact between SARS-CoV-2 and human lung cells involves the viral spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on epithelial cells, the latter being strongly involved in the regulation of inflammation as well as blood pressure homeostasis. SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory response defined as a “cytokine storm”. Among recent therapeutic approaches against SARS-CoV-2 targeting the dramatic inflammatory reaction, some natural products are promising. Diatoms are microalgae able to produce bioactive secondary metabolites, such as the xanthophyll diatoxanthin (Dt). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects of Dt on the A549-hACE2 lung cell line, exploring its interaction with the ACE2 receptor, as well as depicting its role in inhibiting a cytokine storm induced by the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Results showed that Dt enhanced the cell metabolism, e.g., the percent of metabolically active cells, as well as the ACE2 enzymatic activity. Moreover, Dt strongly affected the response of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-exposed A549-hACE2 cells in decreasing the interleukin-6 production and increasing the interleukin-10 release. Moreover, Dt upregulated genes encoding for the interferon pathway related to antiviral defense and enhanced proteins belonging to the innate immunity response. The potential interest of Dt as a new therapeutic agent in the treatment and/or prevention of the severe inflammatory syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Sansone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-0815833262 (C.S. & C.B.)
| | - Luigi Pistelli
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Angelo Del Mondo
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Luana Calabrone
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
| | - Angelo Fontana
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078 Napoli, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Cupa Nuova Cinthia 21, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Douglas M. Noonan
- Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Adriana Albini
- IRCCS European Institute of Oncology, IEO, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Christophe Brunet
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, sede Molosiglio Marina Acton, Via Ammiraglio F. Acton 55, 80133 Napoli, Italy; (L.P.); (A.D.M.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (C.B.); Tel.: +39-0815833262 (C.S. & C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Saxena A, Mishra B, Tiwari A. Mass cultivation of marine diatoms using local salts and its impact on growth and productivity. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 352:127128. [PMID: 35398539 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are of great interest for many biotechnological applications. The present study highlights the comparative analysis for mass cultivation under the effect of seawater made from table salt (TS), rock salt (RS), and synthetic seawater in the presence of normal silica and induction coupled plasma (ICP) nanosilica (Nano Si) for inducing diatom growth. Out of all the test formulations, RS-f/2 Nano Si showed the best results with maximum cell density (3.16x107±0.04 and 3.24x107±0.05 cells mL-1), carbohydrate (403.0±3.4 and 398.0±8.1 mg g-1), and chrysolaminarin yield (66.2±5.5 and 49.3±5.1 mg g-1) in both Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira weissflogii respectively. The presence of a rich pigment profile and lipids further highlights the importance of TS and RS for cost-effective mass culturing. Results reveal that mass cultivation of marine diatoms with TS and RS in the presence of nanosilica not only reduces costs but also enhances metabolite production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Bharti Mishra
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Srivastava V, Balakrishnan M. Phytochemicals from fruit and vegetable waste generated in hotels: Optimization of recovery procedure and potential for value-addition. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 144:401-410. [PMID: 35452948 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen star-category hotels in the National Capital Region of India were surveyed to assess the mixed fruit and vegetable waste generated. Based on the survey, a model mixed waste was prepared and used to identify the optimal procedure for recovery of bioactive phytochemicals and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) followed by preliminary identification of phytochemical constituents. The optimization procedure was done over (i) level I focusing on sample type (fresh, oven dried, vacuum dried), extraction technique (maceration, ultrasound assisted extraction), removal of interfering components by treatment with dichloromethane (DCM) and extraction in different solvents, and (ii) level II focusing on solvent concentration and extraction time, in both non DCM and DCM treated samples. The model mixed waste consisted of peels of pineapple, papaya, potato, pomegranate, apple, onion and citrus. The optimal conditions for recovery of phytochemicals and TEAC were non DCM treated vacuum dried samples subjected to ultrasonic assisted extraction for 60 min using ∼ 63% acetone. This resulted in recovery of appreciable amounts of total extractable phytochemicals consisting of polyphenols and flavonoids as the major components with relatively smaller amounts of flavones and flavanols. High TEAC values were obtained with both aqueous phase (ABTS) and organic phase (DPPH) assays. Preliminary investigation revealed the presence of various high-value compounds particularly gallic acid, ferulic acid, rutin and catechin in the phytochemicals extract. Consequently, there is significant potential to recover value-added phytochemicals from mixed fruit and vegetable waste from hotels contributing towards a circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Srivastava
- Department of Energy and Environment, TERI School of Advanced Studies, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070, India.
| | - Malini Balakrishnan
- The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pajot A, Hao Huynh G, Picot L, Marchal L, Nicolau E. Fucoxanthin from Algae to Human, an Extraordinary Bioresource: Insights and Advances in up and Downstream Processes. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040222. [PMID: 35447895 PMCID: PMC9027613 DOI: 10.3390/md20040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a brown-colored pigment from algae, with great potential as a bioactive molecule due to its numerous properties. This review aims to present current knowledge on this high added-value pigment. An accurate analysis of the biological function of fucoxanthin explains its wide photon absorption capacities in golden-brown algae. The specific chemical structure of this pigment also leads to many functional activities in human health. They are outlined in this work and are supported by the latest studies in the literature. The scientific and industrial interest in fucoxanthin is correlated with great improvements in the development of algae cultures and downstream processes. The best fucoxanthin producing algae and their associated culture parameters are described. The light intensity is a major influencing factor, as it has to enable both a high biomass growth and a high fucoxanthin content. This review also insists on the most eco-friendly and innovative extraction methods and their perspective within the next years. The use of bio-based solvents, aqueous two-phase systems and the centrifugal partition chromatography are the most promising processes. The analysis of the global market and multiple applications of fucoxanthin revealed that Asian companies are major actors in the market with macroalgae. In addition, fucoxanthin from microalgae are currently produced in Israel and France, and are mostly authorized in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pajot
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Gia Hao Huynh
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
| | - Laurent Picot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7266 Littoral Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), Université La Rochelle, F-17042 La Rochelle, France;
| | - Luc Marchal
- Génie des Procédés Environnement (GEPEA), Université Nantes, F-44000 Saint Nazaire, France;
| | - Elodie Nicolau
- Ifremer, GENALG Laboratory, Unité PHYTOX, F-44000 Nantes, France; (G.H.H.); (E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Isolation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid - EPA and docosahexaenoic acid - DHA) from diatom biomass using different extraction methods. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Yathisha UG, Vaidya S, Sheshappa MB. Functional Properties of Protein Hydrolyzate from Ribbon Fish (Lepturacanthus Savala) as Prepared by Enzymatic hydrolysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2027964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Undiganalu Gangadharappa Yathisha
- Division of Food safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sneha Vaidya
- Division of Food safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mamatha Bangera Sheshappa
- Division of Food safety and Nutrition, Nitte University Center for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jakhwal P, Kumar Biswas J, Tiwari A, Kwon EE, Bhatnagar A. Genetic and non-genetic tailoring of microalgae for the enhanced production of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) - A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126250. [PMID: 34728356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The myriad health benefits associated with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) laid the path for their application in the functional foods and nutraceutical industries. Fish being primarily exploited for extraction of EPA and DHA are unsustainable sources; thus, oleaginous microalgae turn out to be an alternative sustainable source. This review paper aims to provide the recent developments in the context of enhancing EPA and DHA production by utilising non-genetic tailoring and genetic tailoring methods. We have also summarized the legislation, public perception, and possible risks associated with the usage of genetically modified microalgae focusing on EPA and DHA production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jakhwal
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Enviromicrobiology, Ecotoxicology and Ecotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Ecological Studies, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, West Bengal, India; International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130, Mikkeli, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saxena A, Kumar Singh P, Bhatnagar A, Tiwari A. Growth of marine diatoms on aquaculture wastewater supplemented with nanosilica. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126210. [PMID: 34715335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aquaculture industry is a significant producer of highly nutritious food for the increasing global population. However, the wastewater generated from aquaculture ponds is an emerging global issue. The present study demonstrates the culturing of marine diatoms (Chaetoceros gracilis and Thalassiosira weissflogii) in different proportions of aquaculture wastewater (AQW) coupled with inductively coupled plasma nanosilica (ICP-SiO2) and further explores their biorefinery potential concomitant nutrient removal. Thalassiosira weissflogii showed maximum carbohydrate content (79.47 ± 0.21 mg g-1) in 10% and protein content (27.09 ± 0.21 mg g-1) in 30% AQW: ICP-SiO2. Chaetoceros gracilis showed maximum carbohydrate content (91.64 ± 0.11 mg g-1) in 50% and protein content (27.75 ± 0.05 mg g-1) in 10% AQW: ICP-SiO2 respectively. Additionally, Chaetoceros gracilis showed maximum nitrate uptake in 30%, phosphate in 50%, and ammonia in 50% AQW: ICP-SiO2. While Thalassiosira weissflogii showed maximum nitrate, phosphate, and ammonia removal efficiency in 50%, 50%, and 10% AQW: ICP-SiO2 respectively. The study draws attention towards the utilization of diatoms in AQW treatment, aquafeed potential thus imparting a global circular bioeconomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Saxena
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 313, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 313, India
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201 313, India.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Marella TK, Bansal H, Bhattacharjya R, Parmar N, Chaurasia A, Watanabe MM, Bhatnagar A, Tiwari A. Deciphering functional biomolecule potential of marine diatoms through complex network approach. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125927. [PMID: 34543817 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine diatoms are unique reservoirs of bioactive compounds having enormous applications in therapeutics. But high-throughput screening methods are needed to elucidate the interaction between numerous biomolecules and their targets, facilitating rapid screening for novel drug molecules. So, in the present study chemical constituents were extracted from five marine diatoms using un-targeted metabolite profiling and in-silico virtual screening bioinformatics was employed to predict their bioactivity and molecular targets. A total of 17 chemical constituents out of 51 showed interactions with 76 protein targets associated with 213 pathways. Ingredient-target-pathway network revealed oleic acid, linoleic acid and cholest-5-en-3-ol as major active constituents. Core subnetwork and protein association network showed involvement of these compounds in key metabolic pathways related to cell signaling, cell growth and metabolism of xenobiotics. Thus, the present study for the first time revealed the main active ingredients and their associated pathways from marine diatoms using complex network approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hina Bansal
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raya Bhattacharjya
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitesh Parmar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Chaurasia
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Makoto M Watanabe
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou J, Wang W, Li Z, Zhang C, Wan Z, Sun S, Zeng B, Li M, Sun G. Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Liver and Oocytes of Schizothorax o'connori Raised in Captivity. Front Genet 2021; 12:677066. [PMID: 34691140 PMCID: PMC8531413 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.677066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizothorax o’connori (S. o’connori) is a representative tetraploid species in the subfamily Schizothoracinae and an important endemic fish in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, the domestication of S. o’connori remains challenging due to the lack of basic research. Here, we investigated the effects of artificial feeding on the oocytes and liver of S. o’connori by comparing the histological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic data. Histological results showed that the oocytes and liver of captive-reared S. o’connori had abnormal cell morphology. After comparison with the self-built database, a total of 233 metabolites were annotated. In oocytes, a total of 37 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected and two pathways were significantly enriched. There were obvious differences in the metabolites related to ovarian development, including pregnenolone and arachidonic acid. In liver, a total of 70 DAMs were detected and five pathways were significantly enriched. Based on the transcriptomic data, a total of 159 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly related with cell growth and death pathway in oocytes, while a total of 2841 DEGs were significantly related with 102 pathways in liver. Comparing the metabolomic and transcriptomic data showed that there were three common significant enrichment pathways in liver, including biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, starch and sucrose metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results showed that special attention should be given to the composition and intake of fatty acids during the artificial breeding of S. o’connori. In addition, many of metabolite-gene pairs were related to adenosine 5′-diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and pregnenolone. In summary, these data provide an overview of global metabolic and transcriptomic resources and broaden our understanding of captive-reared S. o’connori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.,Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Wanliang Wang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhiyi Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuaijie Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Benhe Zeng
- Institute of Fisheries Science, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guirong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Marella TK, Bhattacharjya R, Tiwari A. Impact of organic carbon acquisition on growth and functional biomolecule production in diatoms. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:135. [PMID: 34266439 PMCID: PMC8281487 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular photosynthetic protists which constitute one of the most successful microalgae contributing enormously to global primary productivity and nutrient cycles in marine and freshwater habitats. Though they possess the ability to biosynthesize high value compounds like eicosatetraenoic acid (EPA), fucoxanthin (Fx) and chrysolaminarin (Chrl) the major bottle neck in commercialization is their inability to attain high density growth. However, their unique potential of acquiring diverse carbon sources via varied mechanisms enables them to adapt and grow under phototrophic, mixotrophic as well as heterotrophic modes. Growth on organic carbon substrates promotes higher biomass, lipid, and carbohydrate productivity, which further triggers the yield of various biomolecules. Since, the current mass culture practices primarily employ open pond and tubular photobioreactors for phototrophic growth, they become cost intensive and economically non-viable. Therefore, in this review we attempt to explore and compare the mechanisms involved in organic carbon acquisition in diatoms and its implications on mixotrophic and heterotrophic growth and biomolecule production and validate how these strategies could pave a way for future exploration and establishment of sustainable diatom biorefineries for novel biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kiran Marella
- Algae Biomass and Energy System R&D Center (ABES), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Raya Bhattacharjya
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- Diatom Research Laboratory, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Phogat S, Saxena A, Kapoor N, Aggarwal C, Tiwari A. Diatom mediated smart drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Mini-Review: Potential of Diatom-Derived Silica for Biomedical Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic microalgae widely distributed in aquatic environments, possessing a porous silica cell wall known as frustule. Diatom frustules are considered as a sustainable source for several industrial applications because of their high biocompatibility and the easiness of surface functionalisation, which make frustules suitable for regenerative medicine and as drug carriers. Frustules are made of hydrated silica, and can be extracted and purified both from living and fossil diatoms using acid treatments or high temperatures. Biosilica frustules have proved to be suitable for biomedical applications, but, unfortunately, they are not officially recognised as safe by governmental food and medical agencies yet. In the present review, we highlight the frustule formation process, the most common purification techniques, as well as advantages and bottlenecks related to the employment of diatom-derived silica for medical purposes, suggesting possible solutions for a large-scale biosilica production.
Collapse
|