1
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Dai KY, Wang RH, Mu L, Ji HY, Liu AJ. Structural characteristics and anti-tumor activity of alcohol-precipitated polysaccharides from Cordyceps militaris under different ethanol concentrations. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 278:134784. [PMID: 39151863 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Six Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides (named CMP-1, CMP-2, CMP-3, CMP-4, CMP-9, and CMP-A) were obtained by fractional alcohol precipitation. The experimental results showed that the six Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides had similar chemical composition and spectral features, and different molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions and anti-tumor activities. Purification of CMP-9 yielded the small molecule polysaccharide LMW-CMP (3.06 kDa). Structural experiments showed that LMW-CMP is an α-glucan with (1 → 4)-α-D-Glcp as the main chain and a glucose branched chain attached at the O-6 position. The results of cell experiments showed that LMW-CMP could effectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of HepG2 cells, activate the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway through the MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and block apoptosis at the G1 phase. Animal experiments showed that LMW-CMP inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells in H22 tumor-bearing mice by improving the state of immune organs, increasing the activity of immune cells and cytokine levels in the body, and regulating the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations, with a tumor inhibition rate of 45.70 % (200 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yao Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ruo-Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lan Mu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hai-Yu Ji
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.
| | - An-Jun Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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2
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Shi H, Zhang S, Zhu M, Li X, Jie W, Kan L. Extraction Optimization, Structural Analysis, and Potential Bioactivities of a Novel Polysaccharide from Sporisorium reilianum. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:965. [PMID: 39199211 PMCID: PMC11352142 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Sporisorium reilianum is an important biotrophic pathogen that causes head smut disease. Polysaccharides extracted from diseased sorghum heads by Sporisorium reilianum exhibit significant medicinal and edible value. However, the structure and biological activities of these novel polysaccharides have not been explored. In this study, a novel polysaccharide (WM-NP'-60) was isolated and purified from the fruit bodies of S. reilianum and aimed to explore the structural characteristics and substantial antioxidant and antitumor properties of WM-NP'-60. Monosaccharide composition determination, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, 1D/2D-NMR analysis, and methylation analysis revealed that WM-NP'-60 consisted mainly of β-1,6-D-Glcp, β-1,3-D-Glcp, and β-1,3,6-D-Glcp linkages. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that WM-NP'-60 exhibited great activities, including scavenging free radicals, chelating ferrous ions, and eliminating reactive oxygen species (ROS) within cells. The HepG2, SGC7901, and HCT116 cells examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed typical apoptotic bodies. Therefore, a novel fungal polysaccharide (WM-NP'-60) was discovered, extracted, and purified in this experiment, with the aim of providing a reference for the development of a new generation of food and nutraceutical products suitable for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mandi Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
| | - Weiguang Jie
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lianbao Kan
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region, Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (H.S.); (S.Z.); (M.Z.)
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3
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Ju H, Liu Y, Gong J, Gong PX, Wang ZX, Wu YC, Li HJ. Revolutionizing cancer treatment: Harnessing the power of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133171. [PMID: 38880444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer treatment faces numerous challenges, such as inadequate drug targeting, steep price tags, grave toxic side effects, and limited therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a safe and effective new drug to combat cancer. Microbial polysaccharides, complex and diverse biological macromolecules, exhibit significant microbial variability and uniqueness. Studies have shown that terrestrial microbial polysaccharides possess a wide range of biological activities, including immune enhancement, antioxidant properties, antiviral effects, anti-tumour potential, and hypoglycemic functions. To delve deeper into the structure-activity relationship of these land-based microbial polysaccharides against cancer, we conducted a comprehensive review and analysis of anti-cancer literature published between 2020 and 2024. The anticancer efficacy of terrestrial microbial polysaccharides is influenced by multiple factors, including the microbial species, existing form, chemical structure, and polysaccharide purity. According to the literature, an optimal molecular weight and good water solubility are essential for demonstrating anticancer activity. Furthermore, the addition of mannose and galactose has been found to significantly enhance the anticancer properties of these polysaccharides. These insights will serve as a valuable reference for future research and progress in the field of cancer drug therapy, particularly with regards to terrestrial microbial polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ju
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Jun Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Pi-Xian Gong
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Yan-Chao Wu
- Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Hui-Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Harbin 150006, PR China; Weihai Key Laboratory of Active Factor of Marine Products, Weihai Marine Organism & Medical Technology Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, PR China.
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4
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Sivamaruthi BS, Sisubalan N, Kesika P, Sureka I, Chaiyasut C. A concise review of the nutritional profiles, microbial dynamics, and health impacts of fermented mushrooms. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3973-3994. [PMID: 38957107 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Mushrooms have garnered significant attention for their nutritional composition and potential health benefits, including antioxidant, antihypertensive, and cholesterol-lowering properties. This review explores the nutritional composition of edible mushrooms, including their high protein content, essential amino acids, low fat, cholesterol levels, and bioactive compounds with medicinal value. Moreover, the study analyzes the microbiology of mushroom fermentation, focusing on the diverse microbial ecosystem involved in the transformation of raw mushrooms and the preservation methods employed to extend their shelf life. Special emphasis is placed on lactic acid fermentation as a cost-effective and efficient preservation technique. It involves controlling the growth of lactic acid bacteria to enhance the microbial stability and nutritional quality of mushrooms. Furthermore, the bioactivities of fermented mushrooms are elucidated, which are antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-glycemic, immune modulatory, and other biological activities. The mechanisms underlying these bioactivities are explored, emphasizing the role of fermented mushrooms in suppressing free radicals, enhancing antioxidant defenses, and modulating immune responses. Overall, this review provides comprehensive insights into the nutritional composition, microbiology, bioactivities, and underlying mechanisms of fermented mushrooms, highlighting their potential as functional foods with significant health-promoting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natarajan Sisubalan
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Periyanaina Kesika
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Indrajith Sureka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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5
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Chen H, Wu Q, Xuan K, Guo W, Zhang K, Wang Y, Dai Z, Sheng R, He H, Huang Y, Chen Y. Bioguided isolation, identification and bioactivity evaluation of anti-fatigue constituents from Schizophyllum commune. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105940. [PMID: 38565382 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the specific anti-fatigue components of Schizophyllum commune (S.commune) and analyze its potential anti-fatigue mechanism. The main anti-fatigue active ingredient of S.commune was locked in n-butanol extract (SPE-n) by activity evaluation. Twelve compounds were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The anti-fatigue effect of morusin is the most predominant among these 12 ingredients. The determination of biochemical indices showed that morusin could increase liver glycogen reserves, improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes in liver, and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in muscle tissue, thereby reducing myocyte damage. Further studies revealed that morusin could reduce the level of oxidative stress by activating Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thus alleviating the fatigue of mice caused by exhaustive exercise. The current findings provide a theoretical basis for the development of natural anti-fatigue functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qianzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kaili Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wenqiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kunfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Anhui Zhongqing Testing Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenzhen Dai
- Anhui Zhongqing Testing Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rong Sheng
- Anhui Zhongqing Testing Co., Ltd, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huaqi He
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chu Zhou, Anhui, China
| | - Yuzhe Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Biotechnology of Anhui Province, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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6
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Liu X, Wang Q, Wang J, Guo L, Chu Y, Ma C, Kang W. Structural characterization, chain conformation and immunomodulatory activity of a heteropolysaccharide from Inonotus hispidus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129187. [PMID: 38262551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A new polysaccharide (IHP-1aa) was isolated from the fruiting body of Inonotus hispidus by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation and column chromatography. The molecular weight of IHP-1aa was 26.9 kDa. Structural analysis showed that IHP-1aa consisted of glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), fucose (Fuc), mannose (Man) and contained a certain amount of 3-O-methylgalactose (3-O-Me-Gal). The structure was mainly composed of →6)-α/β-D-Glcp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-(3-O-Me)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and →2, 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → as the main chain. Branched at O-2 with single β-L-Fucp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Galp-(1 → 6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → as major the side chain. The results of SEM, XRD and AFM combined with Congo red indicated that IHP-1aa may be amorphous granular chain conformation. In addition, IHP-1aa stimulated macrophage function and improved phagocytic ability of RAW264.7, as well as promoted the secretion of NO, TNF-α and IL-6. IHP-1aa, a 3-O-methylgalactose-containing heteropolysaccharide, was isolated for the first time from the I. hispidus, which may be used as a potential immunomodulator in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jie Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Lin Guo
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yanhai Chu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Changyang Ma
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Henan, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Agriculture, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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7
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He Y, Tan M, Cao Q, Linghu X, Yang Z, Meng Q, Fu S. The Liquid Fermentation Process for Mycelia of Poria cocos (Agaricomycetes) by Single-Factor Experimentation and Response Surface Methodology. Int J Med Mushrooms 2024; 26:41-51. [PMID: 38523448 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2024052497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Liquid fermentation could yield substantial mycelia mass and valuable secondary metabolites in large-scale production within a short, fermented duration. The liquid fermented process of mycelia of Poria cocos was optimized using a combination of single-factor experimentation and response surface methodology (RSM) to obtain more extract of P. cocos. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: The carbon source concentration at 1%, the nitrogen source concentration at 1%, the inoculum volume at 7% and a culture time of 9 d. Under these conditions, the ethyl acetate extract mass of P. cocos mycelia reached 0.0577 ± 0.0041 mg. There were significant interactions between nitrogen source concentration and cultivation time. The predicted values by the mathematical model based on the response surface analysis showed a close agreement with experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie He
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianping Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Linghu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Meng
- Department of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China; Centre of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
| | - Shaobin Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, People's Republic of China
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Rosdan Bushra SM, Nurul AA. Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides: The structure, characterization and biological functions. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2023.2182317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Asma Abdullah Nurul
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Dong Y, Wang T, Zhao J, Gan B, Feng R, Miao R. Polysaccharides Derived from Mushrooms in Immune and Antitumor Activity: A Review. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:1-17. [PMID: 37560886 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Mushrooms are full of nutrition and have beneficial properties for human health. Polysaccharides are the main component of edible and medicinal mushrooms, especially β-glucans, which have attracted much more attention for their complex structure and diverse biological activities. Among all the diverse medicinal activities of mushroom polysaccharides, antitumor and immune-enhancing activities are two excellent bioactivities that have much more potential and deserve application. Their bioactivities are highly dependent on their structural features, including molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, degree of branching, type and configuration of glycosidic bonds, substituent pattern, and chain conformation. This review summarizes the current method for obtaining polysaccharides from mushrooms, chemical characterizations of the structures and their roles in immune and antitumor activities. In addition, the methods for preparation of the polysaccharide derivatives and the potential medicinal clinical application are also discussed in this review, which may provide new guidance for mushroom polysaccharide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Dong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Food Physical Processing, International Joint Research Center for Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, P.R. China; Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000 P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Bingcheng Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000 P.R. China
| | - Rencai Feng
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
| | - Renyun Miao
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Science & Technology Center (NASC), 9 Hupan West Road, Tianfu New Area, Chengdu, 610000, P.R. China
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Wang L, Li K, Cui Y, Peng H, Hu Y, Zhu Z. Preparation, structural characterization and neuroprotective effects to against H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells of polysaccharides from Pleurotus ostreatus. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112146. [PMID: 36596100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most common edible and medicinal fungi in life, and its polysaccharide has been a hot research topic in recent years. In this paper, a new intracellular polysaccharide component named P. ostreatus polysaccharide (POP-W) was obtained from the mycelium of P. ostreatus, and its structure was analyzed. The results showed that its molecular weight was Mw = 3.034 × 103 kDa, and it did not contain protein and nucleic acid. POP-W was composed of mannose, glucose, galactose and xylose in a molar ratio of 40.34:47.60:7.97:4.09. The backbone of POP-W was α-D-Glcp(1→,→3,4)-α-D-Glcp(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp(1→,→3)-α -D-Galp(1→, →4)-α-D-Glcp(1→, →3)-α-D-Glcp(1→, →2)-β-D-Manp(1→, →4) -β-D-Xylp(1 →. SEM and TGA analysis showed the structure of POP-W and good thermal stability. In addition, POP-W showed significant antioxidant activity in vitro. More importantly, POP-W protected PC12 cells induced by H2O2 by inhibiting the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Western blot detection of Caspase-3, BAX, Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt protein expression. The results showed that POP-W inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and BAX, while promoting the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, POP-W can also promote the phosphorylation of Akt. In conclusion, POP-W pretreatment can protect PC12 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulation of apoptosis-related pathway proteins. It provided a theoretical basis for the practical application of the polysaccharide of P. ostreatus in production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Kun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Yidan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Haihai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Ying Hu
- College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563006, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
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11
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Anticancer and Antioxidant Activity of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Ganoderma aff. australe against Human Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314807. [PMID: 36499132 PMCID: PMC9737215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild mushrooms have gained great importance for being a source of biologically active compounds. In this work, we evaluate the anticancer and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble crude polysaccharide extract isolated from the fruiting bodies of the Ganoderma aff. australe (GACP). This mushroom was collected in San Mateo (Boyacá, Colombia) and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization. GACP was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector, and nuclear magnetic resonance. The antiradical and antioxidant activity were evaluated by different methods and its anticancer activity was verified in the osteosarcoma MG-63 human cell line. Chemical and spectroscopic analysis indicated that GACP consisted of β-D-Glcp-(1→, →3)-β-D-Glcp-(1→ and α-D-Glcp-(1→ residues. The results of the biological activity showed that GACP exhibited high antioxidant activity in the different methods and models studied. Moreover, the results showed that GACP impaired cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay) and cell proliferation (clonogenic assay) in a dose-response manner on MG-63 cells. The findings of this work promote the use of mushroom-derived compounds as anticancer and antioxidant agents for potential use in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
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Palacio J, Monsalve Y, Villa-Pulgarin JA, Contreras Ramirez KV, Chica CEN, Sierra L, López BL. Preparation and evaluation of PLGA-PEG/Gusperimus nanoparticles as a controlled delivery anti-inflammatory drug. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ren H, Li Z, Gao R, Zhao T, Luo D, Yu Z, Zhang S, Qi C, Wang Y, Qiao H, Cui Y, Gan L, Wang P, Wang J. Structural Characteristics of Rehmannia glutinosa Polysaccharides Treated Using Different Decolorization Processes and Their Antioxidant Effects in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213449. [PMID: 36360063 PMCID: PMC9657679 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide decolorization is a key determinant of polysaccharide structure. In this study, two purified Rehmannia glutinosa polysaccharides, RGP−1−A and RGP−2−A, were obtained after decolorization using the AB-8 macroporous resin and H2O2, respectively. RGP−1−A (molecular weight (Mw) = 18,964 Da) and RGP−2−A (Mw = 3305 Da) were acidic and neutral heteropolysaccharides, respectively, and were both polycrystalline in structure. FTIR analysis revealed that RGP−1−A was a sulfate polysaccharide, while RGP−2−A had no sulfate group. Experiments on IPEC-1 cells showed that RGPs alleviated oxidative stress by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway. These findings were confirmed by the upregulation of Nrf2, NQO1, and HO-1; the subsequent increase in the levels of antioxidant indicators (SOD, LDH, CAT, and MDA); and the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential. Overall, the antioxidant capacity of RGP−1−A was significantly higher than that of RGP−2−A. These results suggest that RGPs may be a potential natural antioxidant and could be developed into functional foods.
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Ma L, Guo X, Yang J, Zeng X, Ma K, Wang L, Sun Q, Wang Z. Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of a Polysaccharide Produced From Sugarcane Molasses by Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882. Front Nutr 2022; 9:935632. [PMID: 35799584 PMCID: PMC9254729 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.935632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a by-product of the sugar industry containing many sugars, proteins, nitrogenous materials, and heavy metals, molasses is rarely used for polysaccharide production. In the present work, a Chaetomium globosum CGMCC 6882 polysaccharide was produced from sugarcane molasses (CGP-SM) was successfully produced from sugarcane molasses. The yield of CGP-SM was 5.83 ± 0.09 g/l and its protein content was 2.41 ± 0.12% (w/w). Structural analysis showed that CGP-SM was a crystalline and amorphous polysaccharide containing rhamnose, glucosamine, galactose, glucose, mannose, fructose, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 10.31: 1.14: 2.07: 59.55: 42.65: 1.92: 9.63. Meanwhile, weight-average molecular weight (Mw), number-average molecular weight (Mn), and polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of CGP-SM were 28.37 KDa, 23.66 KDa, and 1.199, respectively. Furthermore, the bacteriostatic assay indicated that CGP-SM inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a concentration-dependent manner, and its inhibitory effect on S. aureus was higher than that of E. coli. Above all, this work provides a green method for the production of bioactive polysaccharide from sugarcane molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Henan Provincial Key University Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xueliang Guo
- Henan Provincial Key University Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Jiaoyang Yang
- Henan Provincial Key University Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Xiangru Zeng
- Henan Provincial Key University Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Henan Provincial Key University Laboratory for Plant-Microbe Interactions, College of Biology and Food, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qi Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zichao Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
- National Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
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Gamal A, Elshaer M, Alabdely M, Kadry A, McCormick TS, Ghannoum M. The Mycobiome: Cancer Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2875. [PMID: 35740541 PMCID: PMC9221014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of death globally. Despite advances in cancer research, a full understanding of the exact cause has not been established. Recent data have shown that the microbiome has an important relationship with cancer on various levels, including cancer pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis, and treatment. Since most studies have focused only on the role of bacteria in this process, in this article we review the role of fungi-another important group of the microbiome, the totality of which is referred to as the "mycobiome"-in the development of cancer and how it can impact responses to anticancer medications. Furthermore, we provide recent evidence that shows how the different microbial communities interact and affect each other at gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal sites, including the skin, thereby emphasizing the importance of investigating the microbiome beyond bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Gamal
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.G.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Mohammed Elshaer
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.G.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (T.S.M.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mayyadah Alabdely
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Ahmed Kadry
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.G.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (T.S.M.)
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Thomas S. McCormick
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.G.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (T.S.M.)
| | - Mahmoud Ghannoum
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (A.G.); (M.E.); (A.K.); (T.S.M.)
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Codonopsis pilosula Glucofructan: Optimization, Structure, and Immunoregulatory Activity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050927. [PMID: 35267905 PMCID: PMC8912531 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, multiple edible polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula were mainly isolated with high average molecular weights and exhibited various bioactivities, but it was proven that low-molecular-weight polysaccharides could exert stronger activities due to the superior water solubility and permeability. In the present study, the water-soluble polysaccharide C. pilosula with low molecular weight was isolated under ultrasonic assistance at 30 °C, the extraction process was optimized via response surface method (RSM), and the structure and immunoregulatory activity were further investigated. The maximum yield (4.86%) for crude polysaccharides (cCPPs) was obtained under following parameters: ultrasonic power of 370 W, liquid/material ratio of 33 mL/g, ultrasonic time of 81 min. Subsequently, the cCPPs were further purified through dialysis and Sephadex G-25 column to acquire purified polysaccharide (CPPs). Structural analysis indicated that CPPs was a glucofructan (average molecular weight of 4.23 × 103 Da) with (2→1)-β-D-Fruf and (1→)-α-D-Glcp as the backbone branched by (2→6)-β-D-Fruf. Additionally, CPPs could enhance immunoregulatory function by stimulating NO production and cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) secretion of RAW264.7 macrophages dose-dependently, which presented no cytotoxic effects. These data suggest that CPPs have the potential to be used as a nutritional dietary compound and natural immunostimulant supplement in the food industry.
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Yin ZH, Liu XP, Wang JM, Xi XF, Zhang Y, Zhao RL, Kang WY. Structural Characterization and Anticoagulant Activity of a 3-O-Methylated Heteroglycan From Fruiting Bodies of Pleurotus placentodes. Front Chem 2022; 10:825127. [PMID: 35155369 PMCID: PMC8829048 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.825127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleurotus placentodes, a fungus, belongs to the Pleurotaceae family. The aim of the present study was to characterize the structure of a novel polysaccharide from fruiting bodies of P. placentodes (PPp-W) and evaluate its anticoagulant activity in vitro. The high-performance liquid chromatography and GC–MS analysis indicated that PPp-W with a molecular weight of 27.4 kDa was mainly composed of mannose (17.56%), glucose (6.37%), galactose (44.89%), and fucose (1.22%) with a certain amount of 3-O-methyled galactose. SEM, XRD, and AFM combined with Congo red test revealed that PPp-W was an irregular curly sheet with triple-helix conformation. The FT-IR, methylation, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicated that PPp-W contained→6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-3-O-Me-α-D-Galp-(1→and →2, 6)-α-D-Galp-(1→ as main chain, partially substituted at O-2 and O-6 by non-reducing ends of β-D-Manp-(1→ and β-L-Fucp-(1→ with a small amount of α-1,3-linked-Glcp in backbone. PPp-W could significantly prolong APTT (12.9 ± 0.42 s, p < 0.001) and thrombin time (39.9 ± 0.28 s, p < 0.01) compared with the control group (11.45 ± 0.071 s and 38.05 ± 0.21 s), which showed that PPp-W had anticoagulant activity. These studies suggested that PPp-W was a 3-O-methylated heteroglycan and might be suitable for functional foods and natural drugs as an anticoagulant ingredient, which provided a basis for the application of polysaccharides from P. placentodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Yin
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jin-Mei Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xue-Feng Xi
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Hebei Food Inspection and Research Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
| | - Rui-Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
| | - Wen-Yi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang, ; Rui-Lin Zhao, ; Wen-Yi Kang,
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Current emerging trends in antitumor activities of polysaccharides extracted by microwave- and ultrasound-assisted methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:494-507. [PMID: 35045346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This overview highlighted the in vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of polysaccharides extracted by ultrasound- and microwave-assisted solvent extraction methods. The polysaccharide fragments with stronger antiproliferation, antitumoral, and anticarcinoma effects can be identified through purification, fractionation, and bio-analytical assessments. Most of the extracted glucan-based polysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the growth of human cancer cell types with cell death-associated morphological changes. Glucans, glucogalactans, and pectins without any cytotoxicity on normal cells showed the antitumor potential by the apoptosis induction and the inhibition of their tumorigenesis, metastasis, and transformation. There is a significantly high association among antiproliferative activities, structural features (e.g., molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, and contents of sulfate, selenium, and uronic acid), and other bio-functionalities (e.g., antiradical and antioxidant) of isolated polysaccharides. The evaluation of structure-activity relationships of antitumor polysaccharides is an intriguing step forward to develop highly potent anticancer pharmaceuticals and foods without any side effects.
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Optimization of Solid-State Fermentation Extraction of Inonotus hispidus Fruiting Body Melanin. Foods 2021; 10:foods10122893. [PMID: 34945444 PMCID: PMC8700211 DOI: 10.3390/foods10122893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin has good nutritional and medicinal value; however, its extraction rate is extremely low. This study explored the edible and medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus fruiting body melanin (IHFM) extraction process and solid-state fermentation conditions. The results showed that the best way to extract IHFM is the compound enzymatic method, with complex enzyme 26.63 mg/g, liquid material ratio 5:1, enzymatic hydrolysis 80 min, pH 4.61, and enzymolysis temperature at 36.07 °C. The yield of IHFM was 23.73 ± 0.57%, which was equivalent to 1.27 times before optimization. The best solid medium formula was normal pH, rice 20 g per cultivation bottle, maltose 22 g/L, beef extract 4.4 g/L, carbon-nitrogen ratio 5:1, and liquid-to-material ratio 1.1:1, where the IHFM yield was 31.80 ± 1.34%, which was equivalent to 1.7 times that before optimization. In summary, solid-state fermentation and extraction optimization greatly improved the yield of melanin, provided a reference to produce melanin, and laid a foundation for the development and utilization of melanin.
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