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Wang J, An G, Peng X, Zhong F, Zhao K, Qi L, Ma Y. Effects of three Huanglian-derived polysaccharides on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome of high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetes mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133060. [PMID: 38871107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived polysaccharides are important components for biological functions. The objective of this study is to study the mechanisms by which polysaccharides from three Huanglian (Rhizome Coptidis, HL) of Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, and Coptis teeta affect type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by analyzing the gut microbiome and their metabolites. A long-term high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) induction was used to construct the T2DM mice model. The histopathology of liver, pancreas, and colon, biochemical indexes related to mice were determined to assess the ameliorative effects of these three HL polysaccharides (HLPs) on T2DM. The results indicated that oral HLPs improved hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, blood lipid levels, and β-cell function. Further, HLPs elevated the growth of advantageous beneficial bacteria within the gut microbiota and raised the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly butyric acid. Metabolic analyses showed that HLPs ameliorated the effects of T2DM on microbial-derived metabolites and related metabolic pathways, especially the biosynthetic pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. In the combined analysis, many associations of T2DM-related biochemical indicators with gut microbes and their metabolites were extracted, which suggested the important role of gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in the amelioration of type 2 diabetes mellitus by HLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Guangqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianzhi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China.
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Saragih HT, Fauziah IN, Saputri DA, Chasani AR. Dietary macroalgae Chaetomorpha linum supplementation improves morphology of small intestine and pectoral muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers. Vet World 2024; 17:470-479. [PMID: 38595672 PMCID: PMC11000464 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.470-479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Over the last decades, the poultry industry has experienced steady growth. Although the industry is gradually expanding in Indonesia, poultry feed production has always been expensive. There is a need to study alternative ingredients to obtain affordable feed from natural resources. Chaetomorpha linum (CL) is an abundant macroalgae available throughout the year in Indonesia. This study aimed to determine the effect of CL on the histological structure of the small intestine, pectoralis muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers. Materials and Methods This study used 300-day-old chick (DOC) male broilers that were reared until they were 21 days old. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatment groups and five replications, and each replication group contained 15 DOC individuals. The treatment groups consisted of Control (CON), CON basal feed (BF), CL1 (0.75%/kg BF), CL2 (1.5%/kg BF), and CL3 (3%/kg BF) groups. The histological structure of the small intestine, pectoralis muscle, growth performance, and meat quality of the broiler was examined. Results Small intestine and pectoral muscle histomorphology, growth performance, and meat quality were significantly improved in the CL2 (1.5%) and CL3 (3%) groups compared with the CL1 (0.75%) and CON groups. Conclusion Dietary CL supplementation ameliorates small intestine and pectoral muscle histomorphology, growth performance, and meat quality of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. T. Saragih
- Laboratory of Animal Development Structure, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - I. N. Fauziah
- Graduate Program of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - D. A. Saputri
- Graduate Program of Biology, Department of Tropical Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - A. R. Chasani
- Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Bo S, Zhang M, Dan M. The traditional use, structure, and immunostimulatory activity of bioactive polysaccharides from traditional Chinese root medicines: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23593. [PMID: 38187324 PMCID: PMC10770551 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
As research on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has expanded, our understanding of the role it can have in controlling the immune system has increased. Polysaccharides from medicinal plants exhibit numerous beneficial therapeutic properties, presumably owing to their modulation of innate immunity and macrophage function. Numerous studies have demonstrated the multiple ways whereby certain polysaccharides can affect the immune system. In addition to stimulating immune cells, such as T cells, B lymphocytes, macrophages, and natural killer cells, polysaccharides stimulate complements and increase cytokine secretion. The biological functions of polysaccharides are directly correlated with their structures. This paper summarizes the sources, TCM uses, extraction and purification methods, structural characterization, in vitro and in vivo immune activities, and underlying molecular mechanisms of TCM root polysaccharides. Moreover, the structure-activity relationships of TCM root polysaccharides are emphasized and discussed. This review can provide a scientific basis for the research and industrial utilization of TCM root polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surina Bo
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, PR China
| | - Man Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, PR China
| | - Mu Dan
- College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Jinshan Development Zone, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010110, PR China
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Nurkolis F, Kurniawan R, Kurniatanty I, Park MN, Moon M, Fatimah S, Gunawan WB, Surya R, Taslim NA, Song H, Kim B. New Insight on In Vitro Biological Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Ulvophyte Green Algae. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114531. [PMID: 37299007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Green algae are natural bioresources that have excellent bioactive potential, partly due to sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) which are still rarely explored for their biological activities. There is currently an urgent need for studies exploring the anticancer biological activity of SPs extracted from two Indonesian ulvophyte green algae: the sulfated polysaccharide of Caulerpa racemosa (SPCr) and the sulfated polysaccharide of Caulerpa lentillifera (SPCl). The method of isolating SPs and their assessment of biological activities in this study were based on previous and similar studies. The highest yield sulfate/total sugar ratio was presented by SPCr than that of SPCl. Overall, SPCr exhibits a strong antioxidant activity, as indicated by smaller EC50 values obtained from a series of antioxidant activity assays compared to the EC50 values of Trolox (control). As an anti-obesity and antidiabetic, the overall EC50 value of both SPs was close to the EC50 of the positive control (orlistat and acarbose). Even more interesting was that SPCl displayed wide-ranging anticancer effects on colorectal, hepatoma, breast cancer cell lines, and leukemia. Finally, this study reveals new insights in that SPs from two Indonesian green algae have the potential to be promising nutraceuticals as novel antioxidative actors, and to be able to fight obesity, diabetes, and even cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahrul Nurkolis
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rudy Kurniawan
- Alumnus of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia
| | - Isma Kurniatanty
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myunghan Moon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Siti Fatimah
- Department of Biological Sciences, State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga (UIN Sunan Kalijaga), Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - William Ben Gunawan
- Department of Nutrition Science, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Reggie Surya
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia
| | - Nurpudji Astuti Taslim
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hangyul Song
- Nneul 365 Korean Medical Clinic, Incheon 22397, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine-Based Drug Repositioning Cancer Research Center, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Liu P, Zhang H, Zhu L, Qu S, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Wang X. Antioxidant and DNA protecting activity of carboxymethylated polysaccharides from Cortex periplocae. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124860. [PMID: 37187420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharide from Cortex periplocae (CPP) was modified and three carboxymethylation modification polysaccharides (CPPCs) were obtained, and their physicochemical characteristics and in vitro biological activities were investigated. Based on the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) scan, CPPs (CPP and CPPCs) did not contain nucleic acids or proteins. However, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed a new absorption peak around 1731 cm-1. In addition, three absorption peaks near 1606, 1421, and 1326 cm-1 were enhanced after carboxymethylation modification. Based on UV-Vis scan, the maximum absorption wavelength of Congo Red + CPPs exhibited a red-shift compared to Congo Red meant CPPs had a triple helix conformation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that CPPCs exhibited more fragments and non-uniform-sized filiform than CPP. Thermal analysis showed that CPPCs degraded between the temperature 240 °C-350 °C and CPP in the 270 °C-350 °C. In addition, the antioxidant and DNA protecting activities of CPPCs were significantly enhanced compared to CPP. Overall, this study demonstrated the potential applications of CPPs in food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lifei Zhu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Shuhao Qu
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Flavor and Fragrance Engineering & Technology Research Center of Henan Province, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; College of Animal Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Anticoagulant Property of a Sulfated Polysaccharide with Unique Structural Characteristics from the Green Alga Chaetomorpha aerea. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020088. [PMID: 36827129 PMCID: PMC9962809 DOI: 10.3390/md21020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides from marine algae have attracted a great amount of attentions for the development of marine drugs due to their unique structural features, and they are great potential sources of naturally occurring anticoagulant agents. The genus Chaetomorpha is one of the largest genera in green algae and has a worldwide distribution. In the present study, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Chaetomorpha aerea, designated as PCA, was obtained by alkali extraction, anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Based on the results of chemical and spectroscopic analyses, PCA was a sulfated galactoarabinan which was mainly constituted of a backbone of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ unit, partially sulfated at C-3 of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ and C-4 of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chains consisting of →6)-α-d-Galp-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→ residues were in C-2 of →4)-β-l-Arap-(1→ unit. PCA had a strong anticoagulant activity in vitro as evaluated by the assays of activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time and fibrinogen level. The obvious anticoagulant activity in vivo of PCA was also found. PCA significantly inhibited the activities of the intrinsic coagulation factors XII, XI, IX and VIII, and exhibited weak inhibition effects on the common coagulation factors II and X. The anticoagulant mechanism of PCA was attributed to strong thrombin inhibition potentiated by heparin cofactor II or antithrombin III, and it also possessed an apparent inhibition effect on coagulation factor Xa mediated by antithrombin III. The investigation demonstrated that PCA could be a promising anticoagulant agent for health promotion and the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
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Yao M, Xu F, Yao Y, Wang H, Ju X, Wang L. Assessment of Novel Oligopeptides from Rapeseed Napin ( Brassica napus) in Protecting HepG2 Cells from Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:12418-12429. [PMID: 36129441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oligopeptides (Thr-His-Leu-Pro-Lys (THLPK), His-Pro-Leu-Lys (HPLK), Leu-Pro-Lys (LPK), His-Leu-Lys (HLK), and Leu-His-Lys (LHK)) are newly identified from rapeseed napin (Brassica napus) protein-derived hydrolysates with the capability of upregulating glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression and translocation. However, whether each of them enhances GLUT4 expression and translocation and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we assess the effects of the oligopeptides against insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress in hepatocytes and screen out the most antidiabetic one. Specifically, compared with other oligopeptides, LPK not only remarkably elevated glucose consumption to 8.45 mmol/L protein; superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to 319 U/mg protein; GLUT4 expression and translocation; and phosphorylated level of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and protein kinase B (Akt) (P < 0.05) but also remarkably attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level to 2255, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity to 20.5 U/mg protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) content to 241 nmol/mg protein, and NO content to 1302 μmol/mL protein (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrated that antidiabetic oligopeptide LPK possessed the most potential to protect HepG2 cells from IR and oxidative stress via activating IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 and regulating common oxidative markers in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feiran Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei230009, Anhui, China
| | - Yijun Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiou Wang
- School of Food Science, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing210017, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingrong Ju
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing210023, Jiangsu, China
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