1
|
Zhu S, Zhou Y, Chao M, Zhang Y, Cheng W, Xu H, Zhang L, Tao Q, Da Q. Association between organophosphorus insecticides exposure and osteoarthritis in patients with arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1873. [PMID: 39004719 PMCID: PMC11247838 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19414-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organic phosphorus insecticides (OPPs) are a class of environmental pollutants widely used worldwide with potential human health risks. We aimed to assess the association between exposure to OPPs and osteoarthritis (OA) particularly in participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). METHODS Participants' information was obtained from data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression models were utilized to detect associations between OPPs metabolites and OA. Restricted cubic spline plots (RCS) were drawn to visualize the dose-response relationship between each metabolite and OA prevalence. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel-machine regression (BKMR), were applied to investigate the joint effect of mixtures of OPPs on OA. RESULTS A total of 6871 samples were included in our study, no significant associations between OPPs exposure and OA incidence were found in whole population. However, in a subset of 475 individuals with ASCVD, significant associations between DMP (odds ratio [OR] as a continuous variable = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07,1.28), DEP ((odds ratio [OR] of the highest tertile compared to the lowest = 2.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21,4.86), and OA were observed. DMP and DEP showed an increasing dose-response relationship to the prevalence of OA, while DMTP, DETP, DMDTP and DEDTP showed a nonlinear relationship. Multi-contamination modeling revealed a 1.34-fold (95% confidence intervals:0.80, 2.26) higher prevalence of OA in participants with high co-exposure to OPPs compared to those with low co-exposure, with a preponderant weighting (0.87) for the dimethyl dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DMAPs). The BKMR also showed that co-exposure of mixed OPPs was associated with an increased prevalence of OA, with DMP showing a significant dose-response relationship. CONCLUSION High levels of urine dialkyl phosphate metabolites (DAP) of multiple OPPs are associated with an increased prevalence of OA in patients with ASCVD, suggesting the need to prevent exposure to OPPs in ASCVD patients to avoid triggering OA and further avoid the occurrence of cardiovascular events caused by OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenhao Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China
| | - Menglin Chao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Weili Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Hongyao Xu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, China.
| | - Lai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Qin Tao
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Qiang Da
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma AR, Patagi S, Uk AR, Shetty R, Umakanth S, Satyamoorthy K, Rai PS. MirSNPs in clopidogrel metabolism genes predict cardiovascular disease risk: a case-control study and meta-analysis. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 22:99-113. [PMID: 33356544 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The present study was conducted to decipher the inter-relationship of SNPs and miRNAs involved in pharmacogenomics of clopidogrel on predisposition to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Materials & methods: A case-control study was conducted on 410 cases and 386 controls to analyze the association of 13 mirSNPs on CVDs risk. Genotyping was performed by tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR and validated using Sanger DNA sequencing. miRNA expression analysis was performed using TaqMan assays. A meta-analysis was performed for PON1 rs662 with coronary artery disease. Results & conclusion: PON1 rs662, PON1 rs3917577, CYP3A5 rs15524, COL4A1 rs874204 and PTGIR rs1126510 polymorphisms showed association with CVDs. The miRNA hsa-miR-224-5p showed differential expression in the PON1 rs3917577 GG genotype. The meta-analysis showed the population-specific impact of PON1 rs662 on South Asian and Middle East populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anu Radha Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sourav Patagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abdul Razak Uk
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjan Shetty
- Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashikiran Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Rotary Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kapaettu Satyamoorthy
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Padmalatha S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:3007984. [PMID: 33029136 PMCID: PMC7527902 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds are extensively used worldwide as pesticides which cause great hazards to human health. Nerve agents, a subcategory of the organophosphorus compounds, have been produced and used during wars, and they have also been used in terrorist activities. These compounds possess physiological threats by interacting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme which leads to the cholinergic crisis. After a general introduction, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noncholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds. The conceivable treatment strategies for organophosphate poisoning are different types of bioscavengers which include stoichiometric, catalytic, and pseudocatalytic. The current research on the promising treatments specifically the catalytic bioscavengers including several wild-type organophosphate hydrolases such as paraoxonase and phosphotriesterase, phosphotriesterase-like lactonase, methyl parathion hydrolase, organophosphate acid anhydrolase, diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, human triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, and senescence marker protein has been widely discussed. Organophosphorus compounds are reported to be the nonphysiological substrate for many mammalian organophosphate hydrolysing enzymes; therefore, the efficiency of these enzymes toward these compounds is inadequate. Hence, studies have been conducted to create mutants with an enhanced rate of hydrolysis and high specificity. Several mutants have been created by applying directed molecular evolution and/or targeted mutagenesis, and catalytic efficiency has been characterized. Generally, organophosphorus compounds are chiral in nature. The development of mutant enzymes for providing superior stereoselective degradation of toxic organophosphorus compounds has also been widely accounted for in this review. Existing enzymes have shown limited efficiency; hence, more effective treatment strategies have also been critically analyzed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaur S, Bhatti G, Vijayvergiya R, Singh P, Mastana S, Tewari R, Bhatti J. Paraoxonase 1 Gene Polymorphisms (Q192R and L55M) Are Associated with Coronary Artery Disease Susceptibility in Asian Indians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1159/000494508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
|
5
|
Kim WS, He Y, Phan K, Ahmed RM, Rye KA, Piguet O, Hodges JR, Halliday GM. Altered High Density Lipoprotein Composition in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:847. [PMID: 30487733 PMCID: PMC6246632 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) being the most common form. bvFTD is characterized clinically by behavioral and personality changes, eating abnormalities, and pathologically, by systemic lipid dysregulation that impacts on survival. As lipoprotein metabolism is at the core of lipid dysregulation, here, we analyzed the composition, both proteins and lipids, of the two major lipoprotein classes in blood – high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs). Fasted plasmas from bvFTD and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients and controls were fractionated using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and samples analyzed by lipid assays, ELISA and western blotting. We found that apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) levels in HDLs were decreased in bvFTD compared to controls, whereas apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels in LDLs were unaltered. We also found that cholesterol and triglyceride levels in FPLC fractions were altered in bvFTD compared to controls. The apoB:apoA-I ratio and the standard lipid ratios were significantly increased in bvFTD compared to AD and controls. Furthermore, we found that plasma apolipoprotein C-I and paraoxonase 1 levels were significantly altered in bvFTD and AD, respectively, compared controls. This study represents the first apolipoprotein analysis of bvFTD, and our results suggest altered HDL function and elevated cardiovascular disease risk in bvFTD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Scott Kim
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Katherine Phan
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebekah M Ahmed
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Larsen K, Farajzadeh L, Kristensen KK. Pig PON1: Expression and promoter methylation. GENE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
Basol N, Karakus N, Savas AY, Karakus K, Kaya İ, Karaman S, Yigit S. The evaluation of two genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase 1 in patients with pulmonary embolism. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22455. [PMID: 29682786 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pulmonary embolism (PE) is caused by some genetic factors for more than half patients. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has significant anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. According to our knowledge, there is no study researching the relation between PON 1 gene polymorphisms and PE in the literature. Therefore, it is aimed to research possible impacts of PON 1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms on PE, considering anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of PON 1 in Turkish population. METHODS One hundred and five PE patients and one hundred and seventeen controls were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was isolated and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses for the PON1 gene Q192R and L55M polymorphisms. RESULTS Any associations were not found between clinical and demographical characteristics of PE patients and the PON1 gene Q192R polymorphism; however, there were associations between surgery, chronic renal failure, and cerebrovascular disease on the history of patients and L55M polymorphism (P = .013, P = .037, and P = .031, respectively). Genotype and allele frequencies did not show any significant differences between patients and controls according to PON1 gene Q192R and L55M polymorphisms (P > .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that there is no correlation between PE and PON 1 gene Q192R and L55M polymorphisms in the Turkish population from the Central Black Sea region. Besides, whole genotypes and alleles of Q192R and L55M are not risk factors for patients with PE in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nursah Basol
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Nevin Karakus
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | | | - Kayhan Karakus
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - İlker Kaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tokat State Hospital, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serhat Karaman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Serbulent Yigit
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziosmanpasa University, Tokat, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
González-Castro TB, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, Hernández-Díaz Y, López-Narváez ML, Rodríguez-Pérez C, González-Hernández YK, Ramos-Méndez MÁ. PON2 and PPARG polymorphisms as biomarkers of risk for coronary heart disease. Biomark Med 2018; 12:287-297. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Investigate the correlation between paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Ser311Cys polymorphism as well as the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) His477His polymorphism and the susceptibility to development of coronary heart diseases (CHD) through a meta-analysis. Methods: Odds ratio and the corresponding 95% CI were used to assess the results. We included 7476 CHD patients and 8504 healthy controls. All the statistical analyses were performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (CMA, version 2.0). Results: The Ser311Cys polymorphism decreased susceptibility in the overall population and Asian population to CHD. The His477His polymorphism has a protective role in the overall population; however, the subgroup analysis by ethnicity suggested that in Asian population, His477His might increase the risk of CHD. Conclusion: These polymorphisms constitute important predictive indicators of CHD susceptibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, 86205, Tabasco, México
| | - Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, 86650, Tabasco, México
| | - Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop
- División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, 86100, Tabasco, México
| | - Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, 86205, Tabasco, México
| | | | - Candelario Rodríguez-Pérez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, 86205, Tabasco, México
| | - Yahaira Karina González-Hernández
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, 86205, Tabasco, México
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramos-Méndez
- División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, 86205, Tabasco, México
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Relationship between rs854560 PON1 Gene Polymorphism and Tobacco Smoking with Coronary Artery Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2017; 2017:1540949. [PMID: 29118461 PMCID: PMC5651137 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1540949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is the antioxidant marker of high-density lipoproteins protecting against atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) phenotype. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the PON1 gene rs854560 polymorphism (163T>A) is associated with CAD in Polish population. rs854560 was genotyped in 494 subjects: 248 patients with premature CAD and 246 blood donors as a control. We found that the risk of CAD was significantly higher in TT homozygotes than in A allele carriers (OR = 1.87, p = 0.041). The synergistic effect between the TT genotype and cigarette smoking was observed (SIM = 9.81; SI = 14.70). The relative increase in risk from interaction between factors was over 37 (RERI = 36.13). The PON1 polymorphism did not modulate the risk of CAD in response to exposure to other traditional risk factors. In conclusion, the rs854560 polymorphism may modulate the risk of CAD in response to cigarette smoking in Polish population. Carriers of TT genotype seem to be particularly at risk of CAD, when exposed to cigarette smoking.
Collapse
|
10
|
Hernández-Díaz Y, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Juárez-Rojop IE, González-Castro TB, Rodríguez-Pérez C, López-Narváez ML, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Cámara-Álvarez JF. Effects of paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms on heart diseases: Systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 case-control studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5298. [PMID: 27858903 PMCID: PMC5591151 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms and heart diseases (HD) risk remain inconsistent. In order to obtain address this issue we performed a meta-analysis to assess the association between the L55M and Q192R polymorphisms of PON1 gene and heart diseases risk. METHODS Relevant studies were enrolled by searching databases systematically. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate the strength of association. Subgroup analyses were conducted for diagnostic and ethnicity. The heterogeneity among each of the studies was calculated by using Cochran Qtest and the inconsistency index (I), and Begg's funnel plot and Egger's tests were performed to evaluate publication bias. RESULT Sixty four studies involving a total of 19,715 cases and 33,397 controls were included in this meta-analysis. We found that the L55M polymorphism showed a significant association with heart diseases in Europeans (OR 1.44, 95%CI 1.33-1.56) and Asians (OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.03-1.35). This meta-analysis also showed a protective association of Q192R polymorphism with HD in Asian (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.37-0.66) and African populations (OR 0.67, 95%CI 0.53-0.84). The 192R allele significantly decreased the risk of myocardial infarction (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.57-0.99) and coronary artery disease (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.84-0.98); however, individuals with 192Q allele had a markedly increased risk of coronary artery disease development (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.22-1.56). CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the genetic risk for heart diseases is associated with the PON1 gene polymorphisms. L55M polymorphism is a risk factor and Q192R polymorphism is protective in certain populations. It is worth noting that the 192Q allele may be a risk factor to develop coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazmín Hernández-Díaz
- Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Mendez Jalpa de Mendez
| | | | | | - Thelma Beatriz González-Castro
- Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Mendez Jalpa de Mendez
- Correspondence: Thelma Beatriz González Castro, Academic Division Multidisciplinary Jalpa de Méndez, Road Nacajuca-Jalpa de Mendez, Rancheria Rivera Alta, P.C. 86205, Jalpa de Mendez, Tabasco, Mexico (e-mail: )
| | - Candelario Rodríguez-Pérez
- Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Jalpa de Mendez Jalpa de Mendez
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fridman O, Gariglio L, Riviere S, Porcile R, Fuchs A, Potenzoni M. Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms and enzyme activities in coronary artery disease and its relationship to serum lipids and glycemia. ARCHIVOS DE CARDIOLOGIA DE MEXICO 2016; 86:350-357. [PMID: 27640339 DOI: 10.1016/j.acmx.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxidative stress and inflammation are important processes in development of atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a bioscavenger enzyme associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We evaluate the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms in PON1 gene, and enzyme activities with lipid profile and glycemia. METHODS This case-control study consisted of 126 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 203 healthy controls. PON Q192R and L55M polymorphisms were detected by real-time PCR. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were determined spectrophotometrically. Blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and LDL were measured. RESULTS PON1 QR192 polymorphism had a major effect on paraoxonase but no effect on arylesterase serum activities. Paraoxonase activity was higher in RR genotype and lowest in QQ genotype. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were higher in LL and lower in MM genotypes of PON1 LM55 polymorphism. RQ and LM variants showed intermediate activities between respective homozygous. Elevated concentrations of triglycerides in cases correlate with QQ variant or the presence of M allele. Glucose levels were elevated in cases with QQ variant or with the presence of M allele. Cholesterol and LDL did not show variations in control and cases with any variant of both polymorphisms. HDL is lower in cases with respect to controls independently of genotypes. All differences were significant with p<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the relationship between variations in PON1 activities and lipid metabolism, and showed that genetically programmed low PON1 activities would have certain responsibility in the increase in glycemia and concomitantly the aggravation of atherosclerotic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Fridman
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Luis Gariglio
- Hospital Universitario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Stephanie Riviere
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rafael Porcile
- Hospital Universitario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Fuchs
- Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud (CAECIHS), Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Miguel Potenzoni
- Hospital Universitario, Universidad Abierta Interamericana (UAI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen ML, Zhao H, Liao N, Xie ZF. Association Between Paraoxonase 2 Ser311Cys Polymorphism and Coronary Heart Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3196-201. [PMID: 27609416 PMCID: PMC5027859 DOI: 10.12659/msm.896601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and the paraoxonase 2 (PON2) Ser311Cys polymorphism has received much attention. We conducted a meta-analysis on the results from published case-control studies examining this relation. Material/Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge databases until October 2015. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Stata version 11.0 software. Data were pooled using the random-effects model. Results Nine studies were eligible for statistical analysis and included a total of 5278 participants. The results did not support an association between the Ser311Cys polymorphism and CHD in the overall populations (Asians, Caucasians, and a Hispanic mixed population) under dominant (OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.91–1.28; Pz=0.413), recessive (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.72–1.95; Pz=0.500), homozygote (OR 1.20; 95% CI 0.71–2.03; Pz=0.489), and allelic comparison (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.91–1.28; Pz=0.390) models. However, in subgroup analysis according to ethnicity, we found that the Ser311Cys polymorphism was associated with CHD risk in Caucasians under recessive (OR 2.08; 95% CI 1.30–3.34; Pz=0.002) and homozygote (OR 2.16; 95% CI 1.33–3.50; Pz=0.002) models. Subgroup analysis indicated no significant association of this polymorphism with CHD in either Asian or Hispanic populations. Conclusions The PON2 Ser311Cys polymorphism is associated with CHD risk in Caucasians, but there is no association between this polymorphism and CHD in Asians or Hispanic populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min-Li Chen
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Ning Liao
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zheng-Fu Xie
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rahman MFA, Hashad IM, Abou-Aisha K, Abdel-Maksoud SM, Gad MZ. Addressing the link between paraoxonase-1 gene variants and the incidence of early onset myocardial infarction. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:513-20. [PMID: 26170843 PMCID: PMC4495147 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.52353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 03/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON1) represents an endogenous defense mechanism against vascular oxidative stress, thereby contributing to the prevention of atherosclerosis. Several polymorphisms have been reported in the PON1 gene, including Q192R. PON1 phenotype is commonly expressed as the paraoxonase/arylesterase ratio (PON/ARE). The major aim of this study was to investigate the association between PON1 Q192R polymorphism, PON1 phenotypes and the incidence of early-onset acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Egyptians. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study subjects consisted of 102 AMI patients and 72 age-matched healthy controls. Genotyping and enzyme activities were determined using PCR-RFLP and kinetic spectrophotometric assays, respectively. RESULTS The genotype distribution for the PON1 gene was significantly different between AMI patients (QQ = 38.24%, QR = 49.02%, RR = 12.75%) and controls (QQ = 66.67%, QR = 25%, RR = 8.33%). Allele frequencies were also significantly different between patients (Q = 62.75%, R = 37.25%) and controls (Q = 79.17%, R = 20.83%). The genotypes QR and RR showed higher risk for AMI compared to the homozygous QQ (odds ratio (OR) = 3.231, p < 0.001). The average PON/ARE ratio in MI patients (1.187 ±0.1) did not differ significantly from controls (1.118 ±0.26). However, it showed a significant difference among different genotypes in both AMI patients (QQ = 0.91 ±0.11, QR = 1.09 ±0.11 and RR = 2.65 ±0.4) (p = 0.0002) and controls (QQ = 0.68 ±0.1, QR = 1.07 ±0.11 and RR = 4.89 ±2.84) (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PON1 192R allele represents an independent risk factor for early-onset AMI in Egyptians, and PON1 Q192R polymorphism modulates the paraoxonase phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F Abdel Rahman
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ingy M Hashad
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled Abou-Aisha
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sahar M Abdel-Maksoud
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z Gad
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Souza JA, Menin A, Lima LO, Smiderle L, Hutz MH, Van Der Sand CR, Van Der Sand LC, Ferreira MEW, Pires RC, Almeida S, Fiegenbaum M. PON1 polymorphisms are predictors of ability to attain HDL-C goals in statin-treated patients. Clin Biochem 2015; 48:1039-44. [PMID: 26079344 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PON1 plays an important role in inhibiting LDL-C oxidation, which reduces atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Elevated PON1 activity or levels may contribute to increased HDL-C levels, but controversy exists over the hypothesis that genetic variation in the PON1 gene locus modulates HDL-C levels and responses to statin treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the association between two polymorphisms in the PON1 gene and statin responses in a south Brazilian population. DESIGN AND METHODS The study population included 433 dyslipidemic patients who were prescribed statins. Total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-C and LDL-C levels were measured in these patients both before and after approximately 6months of treatment with simvastatin/atorvastatin. Genotypes were assessed by real-time PCR for two PON1 polymorphisms, Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560). RESULTS Baseline lipid levels were not associated with Q192R or L55M polymorphisms. For the Q192R (rs662) polymorphism, we observed that HDL-C goals were attained less often in patients with RR homozygosity than in Q allele carriers (χ(2) P=0.009, adjusted residual analysis P=0.003). For the L55M (rs854560) polymorphism, LL homozygotes were underrepresented among subjects that achieved the HDL-C goal (χ(2) P=0.026, adjusted residual analysis P=0.008). Analysis by univariate logistic regression confirmed that QQ/QR and MM/ML carriers had an increased chance of attaining HDL-C goals (OR=2.41, CI95%=1.32-4.40, P=0.004 and OR=1.68, CI95%=1.15-2.45, P=0.008). In a multivariate logistic analysis used to assess predictors of attaining an HDL-C goal>1.55mmol/L, we observed that gender (OR=1.71, CI95%=1.04-2.83, P=0.036), baseline HDL-C levels (OR=1.13, CI95%=1.10-1.16, P<0.001) and the QQ/QR+MM/ML genotypes increased the chance of achieving HDL-C goals (OR=2.81, CI95%=1.35-5.85, P=0.006). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show that the Q192R (rs662) and L55M (rs854560) polymorphisms may play a role in interindividual variation in achievement of HDL-C goals in response to statins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Aguiar de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angelica Menin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Otero Lima
- Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lisiane Smiderle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mara Helena Hutz
- Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvana Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marilu Fiegenbaum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre-UFCSPA, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Scherrer DZ, Zago VHDS, Vieira IC, Parra ES, Panzoldo NB, Alexandre F, Secolin R, Baracat J, Quintão ECR, Faria ECD. p.Q192R SNP of PON1 seems not to be Associated with Carotid Atherosclerosis Risk Factors in an Asymptomatic and Normolipidemic Brazilian Population Sample. Arq Bras Cardiol 2015; 105:45-52. [PMID: 26039660 PMCID: PMC4523287 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20150053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidences suggest that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) confers important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties when associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL). OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationships between p.Q192R SNP of PON1, biochemical parameters and carotid atherosclerosis in an asymptomatic, normolipidemic Brazilian population sample. METHODS We studied 584 volunteers (females n = 326, males n = 258; 19-75 years of age). Total genomic DNA was extracted and SNP was detected in the TaqMan® SNP OpenArray® genotyping platform (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins were determined and PON1 activity was measured using paraoxon as a substrate. High-resolution β-mode ultrasonography was used to measure cIMT and the presence of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in a subgroup of individuals (n = 317). RESULTS The presence of p.192Q was associated with a significant increase in PON1 activity (RR = 12.30 (11.38); RQ = 46.96 (22.35); QQ = 85.35 (24.83) μmol/min; p < 0.0001), HDL-C (RR= 45 (37); RQ = 62 (39); QQ = 69 (29) mg/dL; p < 0.001) and apo A-I (RR = 140.76 ± 36.39; RQ = 147.62 ± 36.92; QQ = 147.49 ± 36.65 mg/dL; p = 0.019). Stepwise regression analysis revealed that heterozygous and p.192Q carriers influenced by 58% PON1 activity towards paraoxon. The univariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that p.Q192R SNP was not associated with mean cIMT; as a result, in the multiple regression analysis, no variables were selected with 5% significance. In logistic regression analysis, the studied parameters were not associated with the presence of carotid plaques. CONCLUSION In low-risk individuals, the presence of the p.192Q variant of PON1 is associated with a beneficial plasma lipid profile but not with carotid atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Zanetti Scherrer
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Vanessa Helena de Souza Zago
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Isabela Calanca Vieira
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Eliane Soler Parra
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Natália Baratella Panzoldo
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Fernanda Alexandre
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Rodrigo Secolin
- Departamento de Genética Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Jamal Baracat
- Departamento de Radiologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| | | | - Eliana Cotta de Faria
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, SP, BR
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dadachanji R, Shaikh N, Khavale S, Patil A, Shah N, Mukherjee S. PON1 polymorphisms are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility, related traits, and PON1 activity in Indian women with the syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:207-16. [PMID: 25956367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) susceptibility and its related traits in Indian women. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Academic research institute, infertility, and endocrinology clinics. PATIENT(S) Controls (n = 326), women with PCOS (n = 482). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genotypic and allelic frequency distribution, genotype-phenotype association, different PON1 activities (lactonase, arylesterase, and paraoxonase). RESULT(S) The genotypic and allelic frequency distributions of the L55M polymorphism were significantly different between lean controls and lean women with PCOS, and this polymorphism reduced the risk of PCOS development in lean but not in obese Indian women. Furthermore, this polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased 2-hour glucose, apolipoprotein B, free and bioavailable T, and free androgen index concurrent with increased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and FSH levels only in lean women with PCOS. However, Q192R polymorphism showed comparable genotypic frequency distribution between controls and women with PCOS. PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities were significantly decreased in women with PCOS compared with controls. PON1 polymorphisms were shown to influence its activities. CONCLUSION(S) Our study showed that L55M, but not Q192R, polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced PCOS susceptibility only in lean women and also impacts glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and hyperandrogenemia in them. Our study therefore suggests the possibility of differential genetic pathophysiology of PCOS between lean and obese women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dadachanji
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nuzhat Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Khavale
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Exploring the role of paraoxonases in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20997-1010. [PMID: 25405733 PMCID: PMC4264208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonases (PON) are three enzymes (PON1, PON2 and PON3) that play a role in the organism’s antioxidant system; alterations in which are associated with diseases involving oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the evidence of PON related to the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD) and atherosclerosis. We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Database) with no date limit. All of the articles selected investigated PON enzymatic activity and/or PON gene polymorphisms. The selection focused on PON in relation to atherosclerosis, CAD and myocardial infarction. The exclusion criteria were a sample size <100 patients, non-human studies, editorials and systematic reviews without restrictions on the country of origin. With these criteria, we identified thirty-five prospective studies published between 1986 and 2014 with a total of 28,164 participants. The relationship between PON gene polymorphisms and CAD was not conclusive, but most studies support the concept that alterations in PON1 enzymatic activity levels do influence atheroma formation. Conversely, relationships between PON2 and PON3 vs. CAD have not been extensively investigated. Our review of the current data concludes that the bases of paraoxonases involvement in atherosclerosis are poorly understood and that this issue requires future comprehensive, multi-centered studies.
Collapse
|
18
|
McDaniel CY, Dail MB, Wills RW, Chambers HW, Chambers JE. Paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms within a Mississippi USA population as possible biomarkers of enzyme activities associated with disease susceptibility. Biochem Genet 2014; 52:509-23. [PMID: 25027835 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-014-9663-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON1) hydrolyzes paraoxon (PO) and diazoxon (DZO), active metabolites of insecticides parathion and diazinon. The PON1 gene has single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) including a codon 192 arginine (R) to glutamine (Q) and methionine (M) to leucine (L) at codon 55. Hydrolysis of PO (POase), DZO (DZOase), dihydrocoumarin (lactonase), and phenyl acetate (arylesterase) were evaluated for associations with race, gender, age, and PON1 55/192 SNP genotypes. Variables were analyzed both individually and in combination. QQ individuals had higher lactonase (p < 0.001) than RR individuals. This might partially explain why predominantly RR African Americans have higher rates of coronary disease than predominantly QQ Caucasians. Significant (p < 0.001) differences in arylesterase were seen among genotypes with QQ and MM lowest whereas RR and LL were highest. This opposes the prevailing belief that arylesterase is unaffected by genotype and suggests that this activity cannot be used to quantify PON1 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiquita Y McDaniel
- Basic Sciences Department and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box 6100, 240 Wise Center Drive, Mississippi State, MS, 39762-6100, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fekih O, Triki S, Hellara I, Neffati F, Rejeb J, Ommezzine A, Chouchane S, Guediche MN, Bouslama A, Najjar MF. Can paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms (L55 M and Q192 R) protect children with type 1 diabetes against lipid abnormalities? J Clin Lipidol 2014; 8:249-55. [PMID: 24793345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a few studies have focused on the possible modulatory role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms in lipid profiles, especially in children and in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVE We propose to study the association between PON1 polymorphisms (PON1-55 and PON1-192) and a lipid profile in a young Tunisian population with T1D. METHODS The study compared 122 children and adolescents with T1D with 97 controls. Genomic DNA was collected from 116 patients and 91 controls. Lipid parameters were determined by automated methods. PON1 activity was measured by a spectrophotometric method and genotyping of the PON1 gene was assessed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism. RESULTS A significant increase in total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) and a significant decrease in apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), ApoA1/ApoB ratio, and PON1 activity/HDL-C ratio were observed in children with T1D compared with controls. In the LLQR haplotype, the group with diabetes showed significantly higher values of total cholesterol, LDL-C, apoB, Lp(a), and apoA1/apoB ratio compared with the control group. Those with diabetes with the LLQQ haplotype showed a significant decrease in LDL-C and Lp(a) compared with controls (P < .0001). CONCLUSION PON1 polymorphisms (PON1-55 and PON1-192) seem to be involved in the altering the lipid profile in T1D. The LLQR haplotype provided an atherogenic lipid profile in children with T1D compared with controls. LLQQ haplotype seemed to have a protective effect against the increase in LDL-C and Lp(a) that are heavily involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ons Fekih
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia.
| | - Sonia Triki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Hellara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Fadoua Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Rejeb
- Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Asma Ommezzine
- Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Ali Bouslama
- Biochemistry Department, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Toxicology, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Huang Q, Liu YH, Yang QD, Xiao B, Ge L, Zhang N, Xia J, Zhang L, Liu ZJ. Human serum paraoxonase gene polymorphisms, Q192R and L55M, are not associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population. Neurol Res 2013; 28:549-54. [PMID: 16808888 DOI: 10.1179/016164106x110337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been reported that human serum paraoxonase (PON1) gene is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, little is known about the role of PON1 gene polymorphism in cerebral infarction (CI). For this, we have investigated the relationship between PON1 gene polymorphisms, Q192R and L55M, and CI in Chinese Han population. METHODS The PON1 genotypes, Q192R and L55M, from 153 CI patients and 153 healthy individuals, were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion. Their allele frequencies were then determined. The association of the PON1 gene polymorphism with the risk of CI was analysed by statistical analysis software. RESULTS The frequencies of PON1-Q192R genotypes in CI and control group are 13.7 and 9.8% (QQ), 51.6 and 53.6% (QR), 34.6 and 36.6% (RR) respectively. There is no significant difference in PON1-Q192R genotype (p=0.566) and allele frequencies (p=0.505) between CI patients and controls. The frequencies of PON1-55 genotypes in the CI and control group are 96.7 and 93.5% (LL), 3.3 and 6.5% (LM) respectively. No MM genotype was found in both CI and control group. No significant difference in genotype (p=0.289) and allele (p=0.296) distribution between CI patients and controls was observed. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that the human serum paraoxonase polymorphisms, Q192R and L55M, are not associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in Chinese Han population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Rebhi L, Boumaiza I, Mabrouk H, Rhif H, Rejeb NB, Nabli N, Douki W, Abdelaziz AB, Boughzala E, Bouslama A. Association of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms with PON1 activity and significant coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population. Biochem Genet 2012; 51:76-91. [PMID: 23053877 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-012-9544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PON1 and PON2 have attracted considerable attention as candidate genes for coronary heart disease because their enzymes function as key factors in lipoprotein catabolism pathways. We studied the distribution of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms, including genotyping, lipid profile, and PON1 activity, and their association with PON1 activity and significant coronary stenosis (SCS) in a Tunisian population. PON1 activity was lower in patients with SCS than in controls. It increased with the R allele (QQ < QR < RR) in PON1-192 genotypes and with the L allele (MM < ML < LL) in PON1-55 genotypes. In the presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, PON1-192RR and PON2-311CC were associated with an increased risk of SCS and PON1-55MM seems to have lower risk. This association was evident among nonsmokers for PON1-55MM and among smokers for PON1-192RR and PON2-311CC. The GTGC haplotype seemed to increase the risk of SCS compared with the wild haplotype in a Tunisian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jihène Rejeb
- Department of Biochemistry, UR MSP 28/04, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
The Past and Present of Paraoxonase Enzyme: Its Role in the Cardiovascular System and Some Diseases. J Med Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10011-012-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Past and Present of Paraoxonase Enzyme: Its Role in the Cardiovascular System and Some DiseasesAlthough paraoxonase is synthesized in many tissues including the heart, colon, kidneys, lungs, small intestines and brain, its major locus of synthesis is the liver. PON1 is in close association with apolipoproteins and protects LDL against oxidation. It was reported that PON1 quantities dropped to 40 times lower than normal in cardiovascular diseases and diseases like diabetes, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic renal failure, SLE, Behcet's disease, cancer, hepatitis B, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Alzheimer's and dementia. It is speculated that the concerning decline in serum PON1 amount results from single nucleotide polymorphism in the coding (Q192R, L55M) and promoter (T-108C) sites of the PON1 gene. Additionally, circulating amounts of PON1 are affected by vitamins, antioxidants, fatty acids, dietary factors, drugs, age and lifestyle. This collection attempts to review and examine the past and present studies of paraoxonase and its relation with the cardiovascular system and some relevant diseases.
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen DY, Wang CY, Wen MS, Lee TH, Chu Y, Hsieh MJ, Chang SH, Lee CH, Wang JL, Chen CC, Lu LS, Lee MT, Yeh SJ, Lin FC, Hsieh IC. Paraoxonase-1 is not a major determinant of stent thrombosis in a Taiwanese population. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39178. [PMID: 22723959 PMCID: PMC3377663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clopidogrel is a prodrug that undergoes in vivo bioactivation to show its antiplatelet effects. Recent studies have shown that cytochrome P450 (CYP), ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCB1), and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) play crucial roles in clopidogrel bioactivation. Here, we aim to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms of CYP (CYP 2C19*2, CYP 2C19*3, and CYP 2C19*17), ABCB1 (ABCB1 3435C>T, ABCB1 129T>C, and ABCB1 2677G>T/A), and PON1 (PON1 Q192R, PON1 L55M, and PON1 108C>T) on the development of stent thrombosis (ST) in patients receiving clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods and Results We evaluated the incidence of ST (0.64%) in 4964 patients who were recruited in the CAPTAIN registry (Cardiovascular Atherosclerosis and Percutaneous TrAnsluminal INterventions). The presence of genetic polymorphisms was assessed in 20 subjects who developed ST after aspirin and clopidogrel therapy and in 40 age- and sex-matched control subjects who did not develop ST, which was documented after 9 months of angiographic follow-up. ST was acute in 5 subjects, subacute in 7, late in 7, and very late in 1. The presence of CYP 2C19*2 allele was significantly associated with ST (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]: 4.20, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.263–9.544; P = 0.031). However, genetic variations in PON1 and ABCB1 showed no significant association with ST. Conclusion We conclude that in a Taiwanese population, PON1 Q192R genotype is not associated with ST development after PCI. However, the presence of CYP 2C19*2 allele is a risk factor for ST development after PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi Chen
- Second Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sánchez-Muniz FJ, Canales A, Nus M, Bastida S, Guillén M, Corella D, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Granado-Lorencio F, Benedí J. The Antioxidant Status Response to Low-Fat and Walnut Paste–Enriched Meat Differs in Volunteers at High Cardiovascular Risk Carrying Different PON-1 Polymorphisms. J Am Coll Nutr 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2012.10720027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
25
|
Crossroads in the evaluation of paraoxonase 1 for protection against nerve agent and organophosphate toxicity. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:87-94. [PMID: 22301377 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Human paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a 45kDa arylesterase associated with circulating high density lipoproteins (HDL), has been described as an anti-atherogenic element in cardiovascular disorders. The efficacy of PON1 as a catalytic bioscavenger against OP and CWNA toxicity has been on debate for the last few decades. Hydrolysis of various organophosphates (OPs) and chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) by PON1 has been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Recently, we established the protective efficacy of human and rabbit serum purified PON1 as well as human recombinant PON1 expressed in Trichoplusia ni larvae against nerve agent toxicity in guinea pigs. Exogenous administration of purified PON1 was effective in protecting against 1.2 X LCt(50) of sarin and soman administered endotracheally with microinstillation technology. However, the short half-life of exogenously administered PON1, probably due to poor association with circulating HDL, warrant alternative approaches for successful utility of PON1 in the treatment of OP/CWNA toxicity. In this mini review, we address the pros and cons of current PON1 prophylaxis and propose potential solutions for successful development of PON1 as an effective catalytic bioscavenger.
Collapse
|
26
|
Androutsopoulos VP, Kanavouras K, Tsatsakis AM. Role of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in organophosphate metabolism: implications in neurodegenerative diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 256:418-24. [PMID: 21864557 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides are a class of compounds that are widely used in agricultural and rural areas. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a phase-I enzyme that is involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphate esters. Environmental poisoning by organophosphate compounds has been the main driving force of previous research on PON1 enzymes. Recent discoveries in animal models have revealed the important role of the enzyme in lipid metabolism. However although PON1 function is well established in experimental models, the contribution of PON1 in neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. In this minireview we summarize the involvement of PON1 genotypes in the occurrence of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A brief overview of latest epidemiological studies, regarding the two most important PON1 coding region polymorphisms PON1-L55M and PON1-Q192R is presented. Positive and negative associations of PON1 with disease occurrence are reported. Notably the MM and RR alleles contribute a risk enhancing effect for the development of some neurodegenerative diseases, which may be explained by the reduced lipoprotein free radical scavenging activity that may give rise to neuronal damage, through distinct mechanism. Conflicting findings that fail to support this postulate may represent the human population ethnic heterogeneity, different sample size and environmental parameters affecting PON1 status. We conclude that further epidemiological studies are required in order to address the exact contribution of PON1 genome in combination with organophosphate exposure in populations with neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
27
|
Tsatsakis AM, Androutsopoulos VP, Zafiropoulos A, Babatsikou F, Alegakis T, Dialyna I, Tzatzarakis M, Koutis C. Associations of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme genotypes PON1Q192R, PON1L55M and CYP1A1*2A MspI with pathological symptoms of a rural population in south Greece. Xenobiotica 2011; 41:914-25. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.590545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
28
|
Acampa W, Di Taranto MD, Morgante A, Salvatore B, Evangelista L, Ricci F, Costanzo P, de Sisto E, Filardi PP, Petretta M, Fortunato G, Cuocolo A. C-reactive protein levels are associated with paraoxonase polymorphism L55M in patients undergoing cardiac SPECT imaging. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2011; 71:179-84. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2010.548529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
29
|
Four genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase gene and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis based on 88 case-control studies. Atherosclerosis 2010; 214:377-85. [PMID: 21146823 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human paraoxonase (PON) is calcium dependent HDL associated ester hydrolase which has attracted considerable attention as a candidate gene for coronary heart disease based on its enzyme function as a key factor in lipoprotein catabolism pathways. Many studies have examined the association between polymorphisms in the PON gene and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but the results have been inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 88 studies on 4 PON polymorphisms [Q192R, L55M, and T(-107)C in the PON1 and the S311C in the PON2] published before August 2010, including a total of 24,702 CHD cases and 38,232 controls. We also systematically explored potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULT In a combined analysis, the summary per-allele odds ratio for CHD of the 192R was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.05-1.17). However, when the analyses were restricted to 10 larger studies (n>500 cases), the summary per-allele odds ratio was 0.96 (95% CI: 0.90-1.02). Our analyses detected a possibility of publication bias with an overestimate of the true association by smaller studies. A meta-analysis of studies on the 55M, (-107)T, and 311C variant showed no significant overall association with CHD, yielding a per-allele odds ratio of 0.94 (95% CI: 0.88-1.00), 1.02 (95% CI: 0.91-1.15) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.90-1.16) respectively. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis suggested an overall weak association between the R192 polymorphism and CHD risk.
Collapse
|
30
|
Birjmohun RS, Vergeer M, Stroes ESG, Sandhu MS, Ricketts SL, Tanck MW, Wareham NJ, Jukema JW, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Both paraoxonase-1 genotype and activity do not predict the risk of future coronary artery disease; the EPIC-Norfolk Prospective Population Study. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6809. [PMID: 19710913 PMCID: PMC2728540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme, that resides on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). PON1-activity, is heavily influenced by the PON1-Q192R polymorphism. PON1 is considered to protect against atherosclerosis, but it is unclear whether this relation is independent of its carrier, HDL. In order to evaluate the atheroprotective potential of PON1, we assessed the relationships among PON1-genotype, PON1-activity and risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD), in a large prospective case-control study. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cases (n = 1138) were apparently healthy men and women aged 45-79 years who developed fatal or nonfatal CAD during a mean follow-up of 6 years. Controls (n = 2237) were matched by age, sex and enrollment time. PON1-activity was similar in cases and controls (60.7+/-45.3 versus 62.6+/-45.8 U/L, p = 0.3) and correlated with HDL-cholesterol levels (r = 0.16, p<0.0001). The PON1-Q192R polymorphism had a profound impact on PON1-activity, but did not predict CAD risk (Odds Ratio [OR] per R allele 0.98[0.84-1.15], p = 0.8). Using conditional logistic regression, quartiles of PON1-activity showed a modest inverse relation with CAD risk (OR for the highest versus the lowest quartile 0.77[0.63-0.95], p = 0.01; p-trend = 0.06). PON1-activity adjusted for Q192R polymorphism correlated better with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.26, p<0.0001) and more linearly predicted CAD risk (0.79[0.64-0.98], p = 0.03; p-trend = 0.008). However, these relationships were abolished after adjustment for HDL (particles-cholesterol-size) and apolipoproteinA-I (0.94[0.74-1.18], p-trend = 0.3). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study, shows that PON1-activity inversely relates to CAD risk, but not independent of HDL, due to its close association with the HDL-particle. These data strongly suggest that a low PON1-activity is not a causal factor in atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh S Birjmohun
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Paraoxonase (PON) has anti-atherogenic activity. Considering the important role of polymorphism in the genetic susceptibility to cardiovascular disease and the variability of its allele frequencies in different ethnic groups, the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of PON1M55L, PON1Q192R, PON2A148G, and PON2S311C polymorphisms was analyzed in a total 988 South-western Koreans and determined their effects on lipid parameters. The genotype distribution of PON1 at position 55 was LL=0.886, LM=0.114; and at position 192 was QQ=0.406, QR=0.594. The frequencies of the PON1 55L allele and the PON1 192R allele were similar to those seen in Chinese populations and Western populations, respectively. The genetic distribution of PON2 at position 148 was AA=0.619, AG=0.345, GG=0.035; and at position 311 was CC=0.035, SC=0.345, SS=0.619. The frequencies of the PON2 148G and 311S alleles were similar to those seen in Chinese populations. The concentrations of LDL and ApoB were significantly different between the PON2A148G (P<0.05) and PON2 S311C polymorphisms (P<0.01). PON polymorphisms and allele frequencies were described in Koreans living south-western part of Korea. These ethnic variations are considered important in the interpretation of diseases associated with PON polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byoung-Soo Shin
- Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital and Medical School, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Roy H, Bhardwaj S, Yla-Herttuala S. Molecular genetics of atherosclerosis. Hum Genet 2009; 125:467-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
33
|
Kaman D, İlhan N, Metin K, Akbulut M, Üstündağ B. A preliminary study of human paraoxonase and PON 1 L/M55-PON 1 Q/R 192 polymorphisms in Turkish patients with coronary artery disease. Cell Biochem Funct 2009; 27:88-92. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Sesal C, Ciloglu F, Peker I, Sayar N. Role of angiotensin converting enzyme, paraoxonase 1 55, 192 gene polymorphisms in syndrome X and coronary heart disease. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:46-51. [PMID: 19579917 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.46.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between ACE and/or PON1 M55L, Q192R genetic polymorphisms and subjects with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) and/or syndrome X (SX) when compared to the control group. ACE I/D, PON1 M55L and Q192R genetic polymorphisms, Body Mass Index (BMI) and biochemical parameters were investigated in subjects with CHD (n = 19), SX (n = 34) and healthy subjects (n = 26). All of the subjects were nonsmokers. According to the unrelated group t-test results; BMI, HDL-C and TG values were found to be slightly different in SX and control subjects but there was no significant difference in LDL-C and TC values. According to the Mann Whitney U-test results, BMI, TC, HDL-C and LDL-C values were found to be significantly different among CHD and control group subjects, but there was no difference in TG values. The results of this study indicates that ACE, PON1 192 and PON1 55 gene polymorphisms are not related to genetic susceptibility to SX and/or CHD in non-smokers. Obviously, the interpretation of these finding is difficult due to the small sample size and larger group studies are needed for more definitive conclusions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sesal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
The Ser311Cys variation in the paraoxonase 2 gene increases the risk of type 2 diabetes in northern Chinese. J Genet 2008; 87:165-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-008-0025-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
36
|
Christidis DS, Liberopoulos EN, Kakafika AI, Miltiadous GA, Liamis GL, Kakaidi B, Tselepis AD, Cariolou MA, Elisaf MS. Effect of paraoxonase 1 polymorphisms on the response of lipids and lipoprotein-associated enzymes to treatment with fluvastatin. Arch Med Res 2007; 38:403-10. [PMID: 17416287 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and increased total serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) activities are suggested to be risk factors for vascular disease. Common PON1 genetic polymorphisms (Q192R and L55M) significantly affect PON1 activity and may also influence high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated Lp-PLA(2) activity. However, little is known about the possible effect of PON1 common genetic polymorphisms on the response of lipids as well as PON1 and Lp-PLA(2) activities to treatment with statins. METHODS Two hundred two hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with fluvastatin 40 mg/day. Fasting serum lipids, Q192R and L55M PON1 polymorphisms as well as PON1 and Lp-PLA(2) (total serum and HDL-associated) activities were determined before and after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS Fluvastatin treatment did not affect HDL-cholesterol or apolipoprotein (apo) AI but resulted in significant decreases in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, apo B and apo E, as well as total serum Lp-PLA(2) activity. In contrast, PON1 activity significantly increased. None of these changes was influenced by Q192R or L55M PON1 polymorphisms. Overall, HDL-Lp-PLA(2) did not change but L55M polymorphism significantly influenced its response to fluvastatin. Specifically, LL homozygotes experienced a significant increase, while M carriers (LM or MM) experienced a non-significant decrease in HDL-Lp-PLA(2) activity (p = 0.030 between groups). CONCLUSIONS Q192R and L55M PON1 polymorphisms did not affect the response of lipids, PON1 and total serum Lp-PLA(2) to treatment with a statin. However, L55M PON1 polymorphism significantly modulated the response of HDL-Lp-PLA(2). It should be noted that this is an association study and therefore provides no proof but only indication that PON1 may also exert Lp-PLA(2) activity in HDL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios S Christidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goldhammer E, Ben-Sira D, Zaid G, Biniamini Y, Maor I, Lanir A, Sagiv M. Paraoxonase Activity Following Exercise-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev 2007; 27:151-4. [PMID: 17558196 DOI: 10.1097/01.hcr.0000270691.09258.b1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effect of gender on paraoxonase activity was determined in 37 ischemic heart disease patients who underwent a 12-week aerobic exercise training program. METHODS Paraoxonase activity was measured by its arylesterase activity (spectrophotometrically, at 250 degrees C, wavelength 270 nm). RESULTS A 16.7% increase in paraoxonase activity was found following the 12-week exercise program. In addition, there was a significant gender effect with higher mean paraoxonase levels among women during both preexercise (20.8%) and postexercise (24.2%) testing. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training was found to be an effective means in inducing plasma levels elevation of the antioxidative, antiatherogenic paraoxonase in patients with coronary artery disease, and particularly in female patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Goldhammer
- Department of Cardiology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Rios DLS, D'Onofrio LO, Cerqueira CCS, Bonfim-Silva R, Carvalho HG, Santos-Filho A, Galvão-Castro B. Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms in angiographically assessed coronary artery disease: evidence for gender interaction among Brazilians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 45:874-8. [PMID: 17617030 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2007.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2007;45:874–8.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domingos L S Rios
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequié, BA, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to provide an update on the most recent and relevant findings in the area of genotype-phenotype associations as well as the relationships between genetic factors and cardiovascular disease risk markers and events. In addition, emphasis will be placed on the methodological problems associated with studying the genetics of complex disorders, specifically cardiovascular diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Genes associated with cardiovascular disease predisposition have been examined, including traditional cardiovascular disease candidate genes, such as ACE, AGT, eNOS, PON and MTHFR, new loci that have recently been added to the growing list of cardiovascular disease candidate genes (i.e. MEF2A, ALOX5, LTA, APOM, PDE4D), and genes that have been shown to be at the intersection of several age-related disorders through interaction with one another or with environmental factors (i.e. APOA5, APOE, PPARgamma, LPL and LIPC). SUMMARY During the last year, tremendous effort has been made in elucidating new genes associated with cardiovascular disease predisposition. For the most part, however, major breakthroughs have not been made, primarily due to the poor replication of results among studies, as a consequence of poor experimental design. Nevertheless, we have increased our understanding of the complexity of cardiovascular disease and the relevance of gene-environment interactions as the ultimate drivers of the individual predisposition to the disease. It is essential, therefore, that present and future genetic studies in this area take into consideration the inclusion of high-quality environmental data in the analytical process to test the clinical usefulness of a genetic marker as a risk predictor.
Collapse
|
40
|
Mak W, Cheng TS, Chan KH, Cheung RTF, Ho SL. A possible explanation for the racial difference in distribution of large-arterial cerebrovascular disease: ancestral European settlers evolved genetic resistance to atherosclerosis, but confined to the intracranial arteries. Med Hypotheses 2006; 65:637-48. [PMID: 16006051 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2005.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pattern of cerebral atherosclerosis is not the same among different races. White patients rarely have intracranial large arterial steno-occlusive disease even if their systemic arteries are extensively involved, while non-white patients frequently have their intracranial arteries affected. We postulate that during human population diversification, those who settled in Europe had acquired a stroke-suppressor genotype that increases their resistance against atherogenesis, but with protection confined to the intracranial large arteries. The contemporary affluent lifestyle accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. In the whites, it involves the whole arterial bed except the intracranial vessels. People living in non-Western countries used to have a healthier way of living. They did not develop significant atherosclerotic diseases until recently when a westernised lifestyle was adopted. Unlike the whites, their intracranial arteries will not be spared. Atherosclerosis has become a major cause of premature mortality in the modern world, and an anti-atherogenic mechanism would confer a selection advantage. With further adaptive intensification, this protection may extend to the rest of the arterial bed. As a result, future Homo sapiens will be able to tolerate an affluent lifestyle without much adverse sequel such as premature vascular death. Alternatively, if the mediator of this anti-atherogenic mechanism can be identified and applied therapeutically, we will have an ultimate mean to prevent atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Mak
- University Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, 4/F Professorial Block, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gamboa R, Zamora J, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Fragoso JM, Cardoso G, Posadas-Romero C, Vargas-Alarcón G. Distribution of paraoxonase PON1 gene polymorphisms in Mexican populations. Its role in the lipid profile. Exp Mol Pathol 2006; 80:85-90. [PMID: 15993880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2005.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms (PON1-55 and PON1-192) were determined in four Mexican populations (Mestizos, Nahuas, Teenek and Mayos) belonging to different ethnic groups. The role of these polymorphisms in the lipid profile in the Mestizo group was also analyzed. PON1 polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Comparison among Mexican populations showed increased frequencies of PON1-55 L allele and LL genotype and decreased frequencies of M allele and LM genotype in the three Amerindian populations when compared to Mestizos (P < 0.05). Mexicans together with Asian populations (from Japan and China) presented the highest frequencies of PON1-55 L allele (P < 0.05 when compared to Caucasian populations). Heterogeneous data were noted when PON1-192 polymorphism comparison was made. In summary, distribution frequencies of PON1 showed that Mexican populations are more related to Asians than Caucasians. This confirms previous studies with other genetic markers indicating that Native Americans have stronger genetic affinities to the Paleolithic people of North-East Asia than to other major world populations. In Mexican Mestizos, lack of correlation between PON1 polymorphisms and lipid profile was found, corroborating previous data in other populations. The present data could be helpful to understand the distribution of these polymorphisms and its role as genetic and evolutive markers in the Amerindian populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gamboa
- Department of Physiology and Grupo de Estudio en Genómica y Proteómica de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez Juan Badiano No. 1, Tlalpan 14080, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Inagaki Y, Mashima Y, Funayama T, Ohtake Y, Fuse N, Yasuda N, Fukuchi T, Murakami A, Hotta Y. Paraoxonase 1 gene polymorphisms influence clinical features of open-angle glaucoma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2006; 244:984-90. [PMID: 16411107 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-005-0200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2005] [Revised: 10/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms affecting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated antioxidant enzymes were associated with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). The rationale for this study was that the modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by HDL prevents oxidative modification which can then cause dysfunction of endothelial cells. METHODS We studied 284 normal Japanese controls and 555 Japanese patients with OAG, including primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). The possible associations of polymorphisms of PON1/L55M, PON1/Q192R, PON2/S311C, and PAF-AH/V279F with OAG were investigated. We compared the genotype distributions and allele frequency in controls and patient groups. The age at diagnosis, intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis, and visual field score at diagnosis were examined for association with polymorphisms. RESULTS The distributions of genotypes and allele frequency for the four polymorphisms were not significantly different between any patient group and controls. In NTG patients, 55M carriers of the PON1 gene were significantly older at diagnosis than 55M non-carriers (P=0.001). The IOP at diagnosis was significantly higher in glaucoma patients carrying 192R in the PON1 gene than in patients not carrying 192R (P=0.006). No significant differences were seen in clinical characteristics of OAG patients in relation to other polymorphisms. CONCLUSION PON1 gene polymorphisms may influence the features of Japanese patients with OAG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Inagaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ochoa MC, Marti A, Azcona C, Chueca M, Oyarzábal M, Pelach R, Patiño A, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Martínez-González MA, Martínez JA. Gene-gene interaction between PPAR gamma 2 and ADR beta 3 increases obesity risk in children and adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 28 Suppl 3:S37-41. [PMID: 15543217 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Multiple genes are likely to be involved in obesity and these genes may interact with environmental factors to influence obesity risk. Our aim was to explore the synergistic contribution of the two polymorphisms: Pro12Ala of the PPAR gamma 2 gene and Trp64Arg of the ADR beta 3 gene to obesity risk in a Spanish children and adolescent population. METHODS We designed a sex- and age-matched case-control study. Participants were 185 obese and 185 control children (aged 5-18 y) from the Navarra region, recruited through Departments of Pediatrics (Hospital Virgen del Camino, Navarra University Clinic and several Primary Health Centers). The obesity criterion (case definition) was BMI above the 97th percentile according to Spanish BMI reference data for age and gender. Anthropometric parameters were measured by standard protocols. The genotype was assessed by PCR-RFLP after digestion with BstUI for PPAR gamma 2 mutation and BstNI for ADR beta 3 variants. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to assess the physical activity. Using a validated physical activity questionnaire, we computed an activity metabolic equivalent index (METs h/week), which represents the physical exercise during the week for each participant. Statistical analysis was performed by conditional logistic regression, taking into account the matching between cases and controls. RESULTS Carriers of the polymorphism Pro12Ala of the PPAR gamma 2 gene had a significantly higher obesity risk than noncarriers (odds ratio (OR)=2.18, 95% CI=1.09-4.36) when we adjusted for sex, age and physical activity. Moreover, the risk of obesity was higher (OR=2.59, 95% CI=1.17-5.34) when family history of obesity was also taken into account in the model. The OR for obesity linked to both polymorphisms (PPAR gamma 2 and ADR beta 3) was 5.30 (95% CI=1.08-25.97) when we adjusted for sex, age and physical activity. After adjustment for family history of obesity, the OR for carriers of both polymorphisms was 19.5 (95% CI=2.43-146.8). CONCLUSIONS A synergistic effect between polymorphism Pro12Ala of the PPAR gamma 2 gene and Trp64Arg of the ADR beta 3 gene for obesity risk was found in a case-control study including children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M C Ochoa
- Department of Physiology & Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31080 Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Verlaan M, Harbers EGA, Pap A, Jansen JBMJ, Peters WHM, Drenth JPH. Paraoxonase 1-192Q Allele is a Risk Factor for Idiopathic Chronic Pancreatitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 9:9-15. [PMID: 16035730 DOI: 10.2165/00066982-200509010-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cause of chronic pancreatitis (CP) remains unknown. However, oxidative stress might play a role since recent animal studies have demonstrated that oxygen-free radicals contribute to the pathogenesis of experimental pancreatitis. Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects against cellular damage from oxidative stress. Genetic variations resulting in variable activity rates of this enzyme, are of toxicological and physiological importance. AIM We investigated whether genetic polymorphisms of the PON1 gene modify the risk for CP. MATERIALS AND METHODS DNA samples were obtained from 236 adult CP patients of hereditary (n = 23), alcoholic (n = 137), or idiopathic (n = 76) origin. DNA from 113 healthy controls and from 93 alcoholic controls were analyzed for comparison. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. Genetic polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) in PON1 were determined by PCR, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses in all subjects. RESULTS The frequencies of the PON1-55 alleles did not differ between CP patients and healthy controls. However, the PON1-192Q allele was significantly more common in idiopathic CP patients (OR : 1.5, 95% CI 1.02, 2.5) compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the PON1-192Q allele, resulting in partly deficient antioxidant and detoxification activity of this enzyme, might be a risk factor for idiopathic CP in Caucasians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariette Verlaan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|