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Sangaletti R, Tamames I, Yahn SL, Choi JS, Lee JK, King C, Rajguru SM. Mild therapeutic hypothermia protects against inflammatory and proapoptotic processes in the rat model of cochlear implant trauma. Hear Res 2023; 428:108680. [PMID: 36586170 PMCID: PMC9840707 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mild therapeutic hypothermia (MTH) has been demonstrated to prevent residual hearing loss from surgical trauma associated with cochlear implant (CI) insertion. Here, we aimed to characterize the mechanisms of MTH-induced hearing preservation in CI in a well-established preclinical rodent model. APPROACH Rats were divided into four experimental conditions: MTH-treated and implanted cochleae, cochleae implanted under normothermic conditions, MTH only cochleae and un-operated cochleae (controls). Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were recorded at different time points (up to 84 days) to confirm long-term protection and safety of MTH locally applied to the cochlea for 20 min before and after implantation. Transcriptome sequencing profiling was performed on cochleae harvested 24 h post CI and MTH treatment to investigate the potential beneficial effects and underlying active gene expression pathways targeted by the temperature management. RESULTS MTH treatment preserved residual hearing up to 3 months following CI when compared to the normothermic CI group. In addition, MTH applied locally to the cochleae using our surgical approach was safe and did not affect hearing in the long-term. Results of RNA sequencing analysis highlight positive modulation of signaling pathways and gene expression associated with an activation of cellular inflammatory and immune responses against the mechanical damage caused by electrode insertion. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggest that multiple and possibly independent molecular pathways play a role in the protection of residual hearing provided by MTH against the trauma of cochlear implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Sangaletti
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ilmar Tamames
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Lynn Yahn
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - James Seungyeon Choi
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jae K Lee
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | | | - Suhrud M Rajguru
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Basia D, Gupta MD, Kunal S, Muheeb G, Girish M, Bansal A, Batra V, Yusuf J, Mukhopadhyay S, Tyagi S, Singh R. Matrix metalloproteinases and their gene polymorphism in young ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Indian Heart J 2022; 74:519-523. [PMID: 36370803 PMCID: PMC9773251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic polymorphism in MMPs are associated with multiple adverse CV events. There is little evidence regarding role of MMPs and their genetic polymorphisms in young (<50 years) ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. METHODS This study included 100 young (18-50 years) STEMI patients and 100 healthy controls. Serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP were estimated for both patients as well as controls. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in the MMP-9 gene (-1562 C/T and R279Q) & MMP-3 gene (5A/6A-1612) was evaluated. All these patients were followed up for one year and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were determined. RESULTS Serum levels of MMP-3 (128.16 ± 115.81 vs 102.3 ± 57.28 ng/mL; P = 0.04), MMP-9 (469.63 ± 238.4 vs 188.88 ± 94.08 pg/mL; P < 0.0001) and TIMP (5.84 ± 1.93 vs 2.28 ± 1.42 ng/mL; P < 0.0001) were significantly higher in patients as compared to controls. Additionally, patients with genetic polymorphisms in the MMP genes (5A/5A, 6A/6A and the AG genotypes) had an increased risk of STEMI. Patients with MACE had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 (581.73 ± 260.93 vs 438.01 ± 223.38 pg/mL; P = 0.012). A cutoff value of 375.5 pg/mL of MMP-9 was best able to discriminate patients with STEMI and MACE with sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 57%. CONCLUSION Novel biomarkers such as MMP-3, MMP-9 and TIMP and their genetic polymorphism are associated with the susceptibility for STEMI in young individuals. Higher MMP-9 levels in STEMI patients with MACE suggests its potential role in predicting cardiac remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Basia
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Dayal Gupta
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India,Corresponding author.
| | - Shekhar Kunal
- Department of Cardiology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ghazi Muheeb
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - M.P. Girish
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Bansal
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Vishal Batra
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Jamal Yusuf
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Saibal Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Lady Hardinge Medical College & Hospital, India
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Ben Braiek A, Chahed H, Dumont F, Abdelhak F, Hichem D, Gamra H, Baudin B. Identification of biomarker panels as predictors of severity in coronary artery disease. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 25:1518-1530. [PMID: 33381894 PMCID: PMC7875935 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque rupture and recondition. Specific tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) control MMP functions. Both MMPs and TIMPs are potential biomarkers of plaque instability. Elevated Apo‐CII and CIII and Apo‐E levels are recognized as cardiovascular disease risk factors. We aimed to establish the best blood biomarker panel to evaluate the coronary artery disease (CAD) severity. Plasma levels of MMP‐3 and MMP‐9, TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐2, Apo‐CII, Apo‐CIII and Apo‐E were measured in 472 patients with CAD evaluated by coronary angiography and electrocardiography, and in 285 healthy controls. MMP‐3 and MMP‐9 plasma levels in CAD patients were significantly increased (P < 0.001) compared to controls (3.54‐ and 3.81‐fold, respectively). Furthermore, these increments are modulated by CAD severity as well as for Apo‐CII and Apo‐CIII levels (P < 0.001). TIMPs levels were decreased in CAD versus controls (P < 0.001) and in inverse correlation to MMPs. Standard ROC curve approach showed the importance of panels of biomarkers, including MMP‐3, MMP‐9, TIMP‐1, TIMP‐2, Apo‐CII and Apo‐CIII, for disease aggravation diagnosis. A high area under curve (AUC) value (0.995) was reached for the association of MMP‐9, TIMP‐2 and Apo‐CIII. The unbalance between MMPs and TIMPs in vascular wall and dyslipidaemia creates favourable conditions for plaque disruption. Our study suggests that the combination of MMP‐9, TIMP‐2 and Apo‐CIII values (‘CAD aggravation panel’) characterizes the severity of CAD, that is electrophysiological state, number of involved vessels, stent disposal and type of stent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Ben Braiek
- Service de Biochimie, DMU BioGem, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Molecular Biology Departments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia.,UMS IPSIT - UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Hinda Chahed
- Molecular Biology Departments, Faculty of Pharmacy, Monastir University, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Florent Dumont
- UMS IPSIT - UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Fodha Abdelhak
- Department of Cardiology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,Department of Cardiology, Farhat Hached Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Denguir Hichem
- Department of Cardiology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.,The Regional Hospital Mohamed Ben Sassi, Gabes, Tunisia
| | - Habib Gamra
- Department of Cardiology, Fattouma Bourguiba Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Baudin
- Service de Biochimie, DMU BioGem, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR 1193 - UFR Pharmacie, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Lahdentausta LSJ, Paju S, Mäntylä P, Buhlin K, Tervahartiala T, Pietiäinen M, Alfthan H, Nieminen MS, Sinisalo J, Sorsa T, Pussinen PJ. Saliva and serum biomarkers in periodontitis and coronary artery disease. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1045-1055. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. J. Lahdentausta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Päivi Mäntylä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Institute of Dentistry; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Kåre Buhlin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Taina Tervahartiala
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Henrik Alfthan
- Laboratory, HUSLAB; Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku S. Nieminen
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- HUCH Heart and Lung Center; Helsinki University Central Hospital; Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Sorsa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Dental Medicine; Karolinska Institutet; Huddinge Sweden
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; Helsinki University Hospital; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Abstract
Acrolein is a highly reactive unsaturated aldehyde that is formed during the burning of gasoline and diesel fuels, cigarettes, woods and plastics. In addition, acrolein is generated during the cooking or frying of food with fats or oils. Acrolein is also used in the synthesis of many organic chemicals and as a biocide in agricultural and industrial water supply systems. The total emissions of acrolein in the United States from all sources are estimated to be 62,660 tons/year. Acrolein is classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a high-priority air and water toxicant. Acrolein can exert toxic effects following inhalation, ingestion, and dermal exposures that are dose dependent. Cardiovascular tissues are particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of acrolein based primarily on in vitro and in vivo studies. Acrolein can generate free oxygen radical stress in the heart, decrease endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and nitric oxide formation, form cytoplasmic and nuclear protein adducts with myocyte and vascular endothelial cell proteins and cause vasospasm. In this manner, chronic exposure to acrolein can cause myocyte dysfunction, myocyte necrosis and apoptosis and ultimately lead to cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure. Epidemiological studies of acrolein exposure and toxicity should be developed and treatment strategies devised that prevent or significantly limit acrolein cardiovascular toxicity.
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Awada HK, Hwang MP, Wang Y. Towards comprehensive cardiac repair and regeneration after myocardial infarction: Aspects to consider and proteins to deliver. Biomaterials 2016; 82:94-112. [PMID: 26757257 PMCID: PMC4872516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. After the onset of myocardial infarction, many pathological changes take place and progress the disease towards heart failure. Pathologies such as ischemia, inflammation, cardiomyocyte death, ventricular remodeling and dilation, and interstitial fibrosis, develop and involve the signaling of many proteins. Proteins can play important roles in limiting or countering pathological changes after infarction. However, they typically have short half-lives in vivo in their free form and can benefit from the advantages offered by controlled release systems to overcome their challenges. The controlled delivery of an optimal combination of proteins per their physiologic spatiotemporal cues to the infarcted myocardium holds great potential to repair and regenerate the heart. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions depends on the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of the cargo proteins and the spatiotemporal control of their release. It is likely that multiple proteins will provide a more comprehensive and functional recovery of the heart in a controlled release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan K Awada
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mintai P Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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7
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Whittaker P, Przyklenk K. From ischemic conditioning to 'hyperconditioning': clinical phenomenon and basic science opportunity. Dose Response 2014; 12:650-63. [PMID: 25552962 DOI: 10.2203/dose-response.14-035.whittaker] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of articles have been published on the topic of ischemic conditioning. Nevertheless, relatively little attention has been given to assessment of conditioning's dose-response characteristics. Specifically, the consequences of multiple conditioning episodes, what we will term "hyperconditioning", have seldom been examined. We propose that hyperconditioning warrants investigation because it; (1) may be of clinical importance, (2) could provide insight into conditioning mechanisms, and (3) might result in development of novel models of human disease. The prevalence of angina pectoris and intermittent claudication is sufficiently high and the potential for daily ischemia-reperfusion episodes sufficiently large that hyperconditioning is a clinically relevant phenomenon. In basic science, attenuation of conditioning-mediated infarct size reduction found in some studies after hyperconditioning offers a possible means to facilitate further discernment of cardioprotective signaling pathways. Moreover, hyperconditioning's impact extends beyond cytoprotection to tissue structural elements. Several studies demonstrate that hyperconditioning produces collagen injury (primarily fiber breakage). Such structural impairment could have adverse clinical consequences; however, in laboratory studies, selective collagen damage could provide the basis for models of cardiac rupture and dilated cardiomyopathy. Accordingly, we propose that hyperconditioning represents the dark, but potentially illuminating, side of ischemic conditioning - a paradigm that merits attention and prospective evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Whittaker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Physiology, and Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit 48201
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8
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The balance of serum matrix metalloproteinase-8 and its tissue inhibitor in acute coronary syndrome and its recurrence. Int J Cardiol 2013; 167:362-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Ogita M, Miyauchi K, Morimoto T, Daida H, Kimura T, Hiro T, Nakagawa Y, Yamagishi M, Ozaki Y, Matsuzaki M. Association between circulating matrix metalloproteinase levels and coronary plaque regression after acute coronary syndrome--subanalysis of the JAPAN-ACS study. Atherosclerosis 2012; 226:275-80. [PMID: 23159100 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in development of atherosclerosis. MMPs are activated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, little data exist regarding the correlation between circulating levels of MMPs and plaque volume (PV) in patients with ACS. We therefore evaluated the impact of MMPs on coronary PV as a post hoc analysis from the JAPAN-ACS study. METHODS The multicenter JAPAN-ACS trial revealed that aggressive statin therapy for patients with ACS significantly reduces coronary PV determined by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We studied 248 ACS patients who had serial IVUS examinations over 8-12 months in the trial. For each patient, MMP-1, 2, and 3 were measured both at baseline and at study end to evaluate the correlation between the percent change of PV and MMP levels. RESULTS MMP-3 levels were significantly decreased during the follow-up period (100 ng/mL to 73 ng/mL, p < 0.001), in contrast, MMP-1, -2 levels were significantly increased. MMP-3 levels at follow-up correlated with coronary plaque regression (p for trend = 0.016). A multivariable linear regression model showed both MMP-2 and MMP-3 levels at follow-up were independent variables for change of coronary PV (p = 0.038 and p = 0.016, respectively). CONCLUSION Circulating MMPs levels are associated with changes in coronary plaque volume determined by serial IVUS in patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Ogita
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Fan D, Takawale A, Lee J, Kassiri Z. Cardiac fibroblasts, fibrosis and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease. FIBROGENESIS & TISSUE REPAIR 2012; 5:15. [PMID: 22943504 PMCID: PMC3464725 DOI: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts comprise the largest cell population in the myocardium. In heart disease, the number of fibroblasts is increased either by replication of the resident myocardial fibroblasts, migration and transformation of circulating bone marrow cells, or by transformation of endothelial/epithelial cells into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. The primary function of fibroblasts is to produce structural proteins that comprise the extracellular matrix (ECM). This can be a constructive process; however, hyperactivity of cardiac fibroblasts can result in excess production and deposition of ECM proteins in the myocardium, known as fibrosis, with adverse effects on cardiac structure and function. In addition to being the primary source of ECM proteins, fibroblasts produce a number of cytokines, peptides, and enzymes among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), directly impact the ECM turnover and homeostasis. Function of fibroblasts can also in turn be regulated by MMPs and TIMPs. In this review article, we will focus on the function of cardiac fibroblasts in the context of ECM formation, homeostasis and remodeling in the heart. We will discuss the origins and multiple roles of cardiac fibroblasts in myocardial remodeling in different types of heart disease in patients and in animal models. We will further provide an overview of what we have learned from experimental animal models and genetically modified mice with altered expression of ECM regulatory proteins, MMPs and TIMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Immediate administration of atorvastatin decreased the serum MMP-2 level and improved the prognosis for acute heart failure. J Cardiol 2012; 59:374-82. [PMID: 22402418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We have reported that matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) increased in acute heart failure (AHF) and better prognosis was found in patients with greater reduction in MMP-2. We assessed whether a statin decreased MMP-2 in AHF. METHODS AND RESULTS The serum MMP-2 levels were measured on admission (Day 1), Day 3, Day 7, and Day 14 in 50 AHF patients. The patients were randomized to either atorvastatin (n=25) or control group (n=25). Atorvastatin (10-20mg/day) was started within 12h after their admission and then was continued for two weeks. There were no differences in the serum levels of MMP-2 on Day 1 between atorvastatin group (1400.4±318.6ng/ml) and control group (1292.7±384.7ng/ml). MMP-2 significantly decreased in both groups on Day 3, 7, and 14. However, the MMP-2 value on Day 3 compared to Day 1 was observed to have decreased significantly in atorvastatin group (561.8±235.1ng/ml) compared to control group (272.6±270.6ng/ml; p=0.001). HF events which were defined as death from HF, readmission to hospital for HF, or prolonged hospital stay because of uncontrollable HF, occurred more in control group than in atorvastatin group. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the prognosis of HF was significantly better in atorvastatin group as compared with control group (log-rank test, p=0.037). CONCLUSION In addition to conventional HF therapy, an early start of atorvastatin caused a great decrease in MMP-2 and also improved HF events in AHF.
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Mäntylä P, Buduneli E, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen PJ, Barış N, Akıllı A, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Acute myocardial infarction elevates serine protease activity in saliva of patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 47:345-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01439.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Buduneli E, Mäntylä P, Emingil G, Tervahartiala T, Pussinen P, Barış N, Akıllı A, Atilla G, Sorsa T. Acute Myocardial Infarction is Reflected in Salivary Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Activation Level. J Periodontol 2011; 82:716-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Shirakabe A, Asai K, Hata N, Yokoyama S, Shinada T, Kobayashi N, Mizuno K. Clinical significance of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 in patients with acute heart failure. Int Heart J 2011; 51:404-10. [PMID: 21173516 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.51.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) increase during chronic heart failure (HF) and the MMP-2 are related to a poor prognosis. However, the roles of MMP-2 in acute HF (AHF) remain unclear. We investigated the change and clinical significance of MMP-2 in these conditions. The serum levels of MMP-2 were measured in 83 AHF patients before starting treatment (day 1), 3 (day 3) and 7 (day 7) days after admission, and before discharge (predischarge). MMP-2 decreased rapidly and significantly from day 3 to day 1 (902.9 ± 304.2 versus 1220.4 ± 330.5 ng/mL; P < 0.0001), whereas that of MMP-2 was not significantly different on day 7 and at predischarge (894.7 ± 278.9 and 920.0 ± 269.6 ng/mL, respectively) compared to day 3. We evaluated the relationships between ΔMMPs, defined as the changes in MMPs from day 1 to day 3 and HF events including cardiac death, readmission to hospital for HF, and uncontrollable HF. The MMP-2 value was significantly (P = 0.004) more decreased in the event-free group (381.4 ± 256.5 ng/mL) than in the event group (211.9 ± 225.5 ng/mL) between day 1 and day 3. The results of the multivariate logistic regression model for predicting HF events found that the specific factor for HF events was ΔMMP-2. Cutoff values of ΔMMP-2 were determined and event-free curves were constructed. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the prognosis was significantly better among the patients with reductions in ΔMMP-2 values of more than 342 ng/mL. The serum levels of MMP-2 decreased with improvements in AHF. Rapid decreases in MMP-2 may be important for a better clinical outcome in patients with AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirakabe
- Intensive Care Unit, Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Nippon Medical SchoolInzai, Chiba, Japan
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High plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in patients with unstable angina. Atherosclerosis 2010; 209:206-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Yilmaz B, Ozat M, Kilic S, Gungor T, Aksoy Y, Lordlar N, Sut N, Aksakal O. Atorvastatin causes regression of endometriotic implants in a rat model. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 20:291-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dong X, Song YN, Liu WG, Guo XL. Mmp-9, a potential target for cerebral ischemic treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2009; 7:269-75. [PMID: 20514206 PMCID: PMC2811860 DOI: 10.2174/157015909790031157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) which is a member of matrix metalloproteinases family that normally remodel the extracellular matrix, has been shown to play an important role in both animal models of cerebral ischemia and human stroke. The expression of MMP-9 is elevated after cerebral ischemia which is involved in accelerating matrix degradation, disrupting the blood-brain barrier, increasing the infarct size and relating to hemorrhagic transformation. Recently, many drugs, such as tetracycline derivatives, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, ACEI inhibitors and AT1 receptor blockers, etc., have been found to attenuate the elevated expression levels of MMP-9 after ischemia and to reduce the damage of cerebral ischemic. This article reviews the physiological features of MMP-9 and its important role in the genesis, propagation, and therapeutics of cerebral ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 WenHuaXi Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ning Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 WenHuaXi Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Guo Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 WenHuaXi Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
- Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Li Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 WenHuaXi Road, Jinan 250012, P.R. China
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Konstantino Y, Nguyen TT, Wolk R, Aiello RJ, Terra SG, Fryburg DA. Potential implications of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in assessment and treatment of coronary artery disease. Biomarkers 2009; 14:118-29. [PMID: 19330590 DOI: 10.1080/13547500902765140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a member of the MMP superfamily is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, the most common mechanism responsible for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). AIM To summarize the role of MMP-9 in atherosclerosis and its potential implications in assessment and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We reviewed the PubMed database for relevant data regarding the role of MMP-9 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In the light of these data, we postulate potential implications of MMP-9 in the management and treatment of CAD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Existing data strongly support the role of MMP-9 in plaque destabilization and rupture. Based on the current knowledge, MMP-9 can potentially serve as a diagnostic biomarker in ACS and a prognostic biomarker in ACS and chronic CAD patients. MMP-9 is reduced by therapies that are associated with favourable outcome in atherosclerosis and thus may serve as a surrogate biomarker of treatment efficacy. However, large morbidity and mortality trials are still required to confirm that MMP-9 reduction is associated with improved outcome independent of the traditional risk factors (i.e. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Given its role in plaque rupture, inhibition of MMP-9 may promote plaque stabilization and consequently reduce cardiovascular events. Yet, the efficacy and safety of MMPs inhibitors should be first studied in preclinical models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Konstantino
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
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Cheng YC, Kao WHL, Mitchell BD, O'Connell JR, Shen H, McArdle PF, Gibson Q, Ryan KA, Shuldiner AR, Pollin TI. Genome-wide association scan identifies variants near Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) genes on chromosome 11q21-22 strongly associated with serum MMP-1 levels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 2:329-37. [PMID: 20031604 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.834986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 may play a role in cardiovascular disease susceptibility by influencing plaque rupture via its ability to degrade extracellular collagens. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a genome-wide association analysis of circulating MMP-1 levels using 500 K single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify genes influencing variation in serum MMP-1 levels in 778 healthy Amish adults. Serum MMP-1 levels, logarithm transformed, and adjusted for age and sex, were screened for association with SNPs using mixed-model variance components to account for familial relatedness. Median MMP-1 level was 3.05 ng/mL (interquartile range: 1.82 to 5.04 ng/mL) with an estimated heritability of 81% (P<0.0001). Serum MMP-1 levels were strongly associated with a cluster of 179 SNPs extending over an 11.5-megabase region on chromosome 11q. The peak association was with rs495366 (P = 5.73 x 10(-34)), located within the region between MMP-1 and MMP-3 and having a minor allele frequency of 0.36. Two other SNPs within the 11q region, rs12289128 and rs11226373, were strongly associated with MMP-1 levels after accounting for rs495366 (P < or = 10(-7)). These 3 SNPs explained 31% of the variance in MMP-1 levels after adjusting for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS This study provides strong evidence that the serum MMP-1 level is highly heritable and that SNPs near MMPs on chromosome 11q explain a significant portion of the variation in MMP-1 levels. Identification of the genetic variants that influence MMP-1 levels may provide insights into genetic mechanisms of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ching Cheng
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Muehling B, Oberhuber A, Schelzig H, Bischoff G, Marx N, Sunder-Plassmann L, Orend KH. Effect of statin therapy on serum activity of proteinases and cytokines in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2009; 4:1433-7. [PMID: 19337556 PMCID: PMC2663432 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s3855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered to be key enzymes in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), with elevated levels in diseased aorta and in patient sera. Statins seem to exert an inhibitory effect on MMP activity in the aortic wall. No data exist on the effect of statins on serum activity of MMPs and inflammatory cytokines (interleukins, IL). Methods: The serum activities of MMP2 and MMP9, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and IL6 and IL10 in 63 patients undergoing elective infrarenal aneurysm repair were measured on the day before surgery. Levels were correlated to statin therapy and aneurysm diameter. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in the activity of circulating levels of MMP2/9, OPG, and IL6/10 in patients with infrarenal aortic aneurysm. IL6 levels in patients with AAA larger than 6 cm were significantly elevated; differences in serum activities of MMP2/9, OPG, and IL10 were not related to AAA diameter. Conclusion: Serum activities of MMP2/9, OPG, and IL6/10 are not correlated to statin therapy; IL6 levels are higher in patients with large aneurysms. Hence the effect of statin therapy in the treatment of aneurismal disease remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Muehling
- Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhövelstrasse 9, Ulm, Germany.
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O'Toole TE, Zheng YT, Hellmann J, Conklin DJ, Barski O, Bhatnagar A. Acrolein activates matrix metalloproteinases by increasing reactive oxygen species in macrophages. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 236:194-201. [PMID: 19371603 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acrolein is a ubiquitous component of environmental pollutants such as automobile exhaust, cigarette, wood, and coal smoke. It is also a natural constituent of several foods and is generated endogenously during inflammation or oxidation of unsaturated lipids. Because increased inflammation and episodic exposure to acrolein-rich pollutants such as traffic emissions or cigarette smoke have been linked to acute myocardial infarction, we examined the effects of acrolein on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. Our studies show that exposure to acrolein resulted in the secretion of MMP-9 from differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Acrolein-treatment of macrophages also led to an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), free intracellular calcium ([Ca2+](i)), and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. ROS production was prevented by allopurinol, but not by rotenone or apocynin and by buffering changes in [Ca2+](I) with BAPTA-AM. The increase in MMP production was abolished by pre-treatment with the antioxidants Tiron and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or with the xanthine oxidase inhibitors allopurinol or oxypurinol. Finally, MMP activity was significantly stimulated in aortic sections from apoE-null mice containing advanced atherosclerotic lesions after exposure to acrolein ex vivo. These observations suggest that acrolein exposure results in MMP secretion from macrophages via a mechanism that involves an increase in [Ca2+](I), leading to xanthine oxidase activation and an increase in ROS production. ROS-dependent activation of MMPs by acrolein could destabilize atherosclerotic lesions during brief episodes of inflammation or pollutant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E O'Toole
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Nesselmann C, Ma N, Bieback K, Wagner W, Ho A, Konttinen YT, Zhang H, Hinescu ME, Steinhoff G. Mesenchymal stem cells and cardiac repair. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 12:1795-810. [PMID: 18684237 PMCID: PMC4506151 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00457.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating clinical and experimental evidence indicates that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cell types in the treatment of cardiac dysfunction. They may trigger production of reparative growth factors, replace damaged cells and create an environment that favours endogenous cardiac repair. However, identifying mechanisms which regulate the role of MSCs in cardiac repair is still at work. To achieve the maximal clinical benefits, ex vivo manipulation can further enhance MSC therapeutic potential. This review focuses on the mechanism of MSCs in cardiac repair, with emphasis on ex vivo manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of RostockGermany
| | - Karen Bieback
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, German Red Cross Blood Donor Service Baden-Württemberg – HessenGermany
| | | | - Anthony Ho
- Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg UniversityGermany
| | | | - Hao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Institute & Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R.China
| | - Mihail E Hinescu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest, Romania
- Victor Babes National Institute of PathologyBucharest, Romania
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Jacobsen FE, Lewis JA, Cohen SM. The design of inhibitors for medicinally relevant metalloproteins. ChemMedChem 2008; 2:152-71. [PMID: 17163561 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200600204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A number of metalloproteins are important medicinal targets for conditions ranging from pathogenic infections to cancer. Many but not all of these metalloproteins contain a zinc(II) ion in the protein active site. Small-molecule inhibitors of these metalloproteins are designed to bind directly to the active site metal ions. In this review several metalloproteins of interest are discussed, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), anthrax lethal factor (LF), and others. Different strategies that have been employed to design effective inhibitors against these proteins are described, with an effort to highlight the strengths and drawbacks of each approach. An emphasis is placed on examining the bioinorganic chemistry of these metal active sites and how a better understanding of the coordination chemistry in these systems may lead to improved inhibitors. It is hoped that this review will help inspire medicinal, biological, and inorganic chemists to tackle this important problem by considering all aspects of metalloprotein inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith E Jacobsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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Yang YJ, Qian HY, Huang J, Geng YJ, Gao RL, Dou KF, Yang GS, Li JJ, Shen R, He ZX, Lu MJ, Zhao SH. Atorvastatin treatment improves survival and effects of implanted mesenchymal stem cells in post-infarct swine hearts. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:1578-90. [PMID: 18456710 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehn167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate whether Atorvastatin (Ator) treatment improves the cardiac micro-environment that facilitates survival and differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) implanted in the post-infarct myocardium. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial infarction was created by coronary ligation and immediately after reperfusion, autologous bone-marrow-derived MSCs were transplanted into the hearts of Chinese swine that were pretreated with or without Ator. Six weeks after transplantation, as evaluated by SPECT and MRI all the animals with Ator showed improved cardiac perfusion and contractility when compared with untreated. Increased survival and differentiation of implanted MSCs and decreased infarct area were observed in the Ator-treated, MSC-implanted animals. In the absence of Ator, MSC transplantation only achieved a modest improvement in perfusion and morphology. The combined treatment with Ator and MSCs significantly inhibited cardiac cell apoptosis, reduced oxidative stress, and suppressed expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the post-infarct myocardium. CONCLUSION Ator treatment may protect the myocardium undergoing acute infarction and reperfusion by creating a better environment for the survival and differentiation of implanted MSCs. The benefit of the Ator/stem cell combined therapy may result from the statin-mediated inhibition of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the infarcted myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Jin Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 167 BeiLiShi Rd, Beijing 100037, People's Republic of China
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Konstantino Y, Wolk R, Terra SG, Nguyen TT, Fryburg DA. Non-traditional biomarkers of atherosclerosis in stable and unstable coronary artery disease, do they differ? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 9:197-206. [PMID: 17924231 DOI: 10.1080/17482940701474486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomarkers of atherosclerosis are emerging as a potential tool for assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. As acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and stable CAD are distinguished in their pathophysiology it is conceivable that they are also characterized by different biomarkers of atherosclerosis. METHODS We systematically reviewed the literature for clinical studies of several non-traditional biomarkers of atherosclerosis reflecting various pathophysiological processes, namely macrophage-activity, oxidative-stress, tissue remodeling, and thrombosis in ACS and stable CAD to determine whether circulating biomarkers are differently expressed/predict outcome in these two clinical conditions. RESULTS Macrophage-activity (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, neopterin), tissue-remodeling (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and thrombosis (tissue-factor) related biomarkers were consistently elevated in ACS compared to stable CAD, in accordance with the pathophysiological role of these mediators in plaque rupture, characterizing ACS. Thus, these biomarkers may be applicable for diagnosis of ACS. Additionally, neopterin was consistently shown to predict outcome in both stable and ACS patients and myeloperoxidase was strongly shown to predict outcome in ACS, implying for their potential role in risk stratification of these patients. CONCLUSIONS As ACS and stable CAD are characterized by different pathophysiological processes, it appears that the biomarkers that are associated with them are differently expressed in these two clinical conditions
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Orn S, Manhenke C, Squire IB, Ng L, Anand I, Dickstein K. Plasma MMP-2, MMP-9 and N-BNP in Long-Term Survivors Following Complicated Myocardial Infarction: Relation to Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures of Left Ventricular Structure and Function. J Card Fail 2007; 13:843-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2005] [Revised: 06/20/2007] [Accepted: 07/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Spinale FG. Myocardial Matrix Remodeling and the Matrix Metalloproteinases: Influence on Cardiac Form and Function. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:1285-342. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 855] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now becoming apparent that dynamic changes occur within the interstitium that directly contribute to adverse myocardial remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI), with hypertensive heart disease and with intrinsic myocardial disease such as cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, a family of matrix proteases, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs), has been recognized to play an important role in matrix remodeling in these cardiac disease states. The purpose of this review is fivefold: 1) to examine and redefine the myocardial matrix as a critical and dynamic entity with respect to the remodeling process encountered with MI, hypertension, or cardiomyopathic disease; 2) present the remarkable progress that has been made with respect to MMP/TIMP biology and how it relates to myocardial matrix remodeling; 3) to evaluate critical translational/clinical studies that have provided a cause-effect relationship between alterations in MMP/TIMP regulation and myocardial matrix remodeling; 4) to provide a critical review and analysis of current diagnostic, prognostic, and pharmacological approaches that utilized our basic understanding of MMP/TIMPs in the context of cardiac disease; and 5) most importantly, to dispel the historical belief that the myocardial matrix is a passive structure and supplant this belief that the regulation of matrix protease pathways such as the MMPs and TIMPs will likely yield a new avenue of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for myocardial remodeling and the progression to heart failure.
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Dabek J, Kulach A, Gasior Z. The role of matrix metalloproteinases in acute coronary syndromes. Eur J Intern Med 2007; 18:463-6. [PMID: 17822657 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2006] [Revised: 01/02/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are an expanding group of proteolytic enzymes that participate in numerous physiological and pathological processes including embryogenesis, connective tissue turn-over, healing, angiogenesis, etc. Disturbances in matrixin activity are observed in carcinogenesis, some degenerative processes, and in inflammation, including atherogenesis. The role of matrixins in the pathology of the cardiovascular system seems to be particularly important in two processes: (1) atherosclerotic plaque development and rupture (leading to an acute coronary event) and (2) post-infarction remodeling of myocardium, leading to heart failure. The purpose of this paper is to gather and summarize information about the role of MMPs in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), in both the processes leading to coronary artery occlusion and the "myocardial consequence" of this event. In addition, some benefits and disadvantages of pharmacological intervention into this enzymatic network will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozefa Dabek
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia, Ziolowa 47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland
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Phatharajaree W, Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N. Matrix metalloproteinases and myocardial infarction. Can J Cardiol 2007; 23:727-33. [PMID: 17622396 PMCID: PMC2651917 DOI: 10.1016/s0828-282x(07)70818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is currently one of the most important health problems in many countries around the world. Following AMI, many cytokines and proteolytic enzymes are released. Among these, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important proteolytic enzymes that lead to degradation of the extracellular matrix and to changes in cardiomyocytes in both infarcted and noninfarcted myocardium. This process is known as cardiac remodelling. It has been demonstrated that more than one type of MMP is present in the circulation after cardiomyocyte injury. A number of studies have demonstrated the correlations between these MMP levels and the severity of a coronary lesion, the progression of left ventricular dimension and the survival rate following AMI in both animal and human studies. MMPs have also been proposed as a possible novel prognostic indicator for myocardial infarction patients. Although the use of MMP inhibitors to improve cardiac outcome in AMI patients has been investigated, discrepancies in the results from those studies indicate that further research is still needed to warrant their beneficial effects. In the present review article, the roles of MMPs as prognostic indicators, as well as the factors influencing MMP expression, are discussed. Current findings on the role of MMP inhibitors in cardiac remodelling and the prognosis after AMI in both animal models and clinical studies are also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Department of Medicine
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Correspondence: Dr Nipon Chattipakorn, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Telephone 66-53-945329, fax 66-53-945329, e-mail
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in the proteoglycan metabolism of the intima of arteries belong to the initial lesions of atherosclerosis (AS). The accumulation of proteoglycans, alterations of pericellular glycoproteins and modulations of collagen turnover also play a fundamental role in the progression of AS. They influence lipid retention, cell behavior and calcinosis. The decisive role played by the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibiting factors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs]) in these processes is not yet fully understood and therefore the subject of this overview. The causes of the abrupt change of a long-term existing stabile AS to a vulnerable plaque as well as the participation of age-related vascular wall remodeling in the progression of AS also remain open questions. DISCUSSION Apart from the well-known risk factors for AS, less well-known influences like the disturbances of gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells affect an MMP/TIMP imbalance. The various consequences of this imbalance range from intima cell proliferation as an early change in AS as well as accelerated progression to the destabilization of fibrous plaques by increased collagenolysis as well as the formation of aneurysms. Infectious or toxic influences may trigger these mechanisms; an involvement of age-related vessel wall changes should also be considered. The prognostic significance of circulating MMP concentrations for the existence of instabile plaques are of great interest, as is the plaque stabilizing effect of statins by suppression of MMPs. CONCLUSIONS MMPs navigate the behavior of vascular wall cells in different AS stages, in adaptive remodeling, in normal aging and in non-atherosclerotic vessel disease. The clinical relevance of a disturbance in the MMP/TIMP balance is demonstrated firstly by the initiation of AS due to migration and proliferation of intima cells and secondly in the collagenolysis, necrotic transformation and apoptosis of existing fibrous lesions resulting in instabile rupture proned plaques. Investigations into the genetic typing of MMPs and the results of experimental gene deficiency models have significantly contributed to the clarification of these facts.
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Guo LJ, Luo XH, Wu XP, Shan PF, Zhang H, Cao XZ, Xie H, Liao EY. Serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 in Chinese women: Age-related changes, and the relationships with bone biochemical markers, bone mineral density. Clin Chim Acta 2006; 371:137-42. [PMID: 16603142 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2005] [Revised: 02/27/2006] [Accepted: 02/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoblast-derived matrix metalloproteinse-1 (MMP-1), MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) play a role in bone metabolism by degrading bone matrix. METHODS We measured MMP-1, MMMP-2, TIMP-1 and associated results with age and bone metabolism in 591 Chinese women aged 20-80 y. RESULTS Serum MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 concentrations exhibited positive correlation with age. Serum concentrations of MMP-1 were higher in 40-69 y old women. The concentrations of MMP-2 were significantly increased in the 50-69 y olds. Serum TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly lower in women aged 30-59 y, and then these were followed by an increase at >60 y olds. We found a significant negative weaker correlation between MMP-2 and BMD. But multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that MMP-2 was not a determinant factor for BMD. There were significant positive correlations between MMP-2 and bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin (OC), and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX). CONCLUSIONS The serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, and TIMP-1 exhibit age-related changes, and circulating MMP-2 and bone turnover are related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Guo
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South University, 86# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
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Spinale FG, Escobar GP, Hendrick JW, Clark LL, Camens SS, Mingoia JP, Squires CG, Stroud RE, Ikonomidis JS. Chronic Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition Following Myocardial Infarction in Mice: Differential Effects on Short and Long-Term Survival. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 318:966-73. [PMID: 16757539 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) remodeling occurs after myocardial infarction (MI), and the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to adverse LV remodeling after MI. Short-term pharmacological MMP inhibition (MMPi; days to weeks) in animal models of MI have demonstrated a reduction in adverse LV remodeling. However, the long-term effects (months) of MMPi on survival and LV remodeling after MI have not been examined. MI was induced in adult mice (n = 131) and, at 3 days post-MI, assigned to MMPi [MI-MMPi: (s)-2-(4-bromo-biphenyl-4-sulfonylamino)-3-methyl-butyric acid (PD200126), 7.5 mg/day/p.o., n = 64] or untreated (MI-only, n = 67). Unoperated mice (n = 16) served as controls. The median survival in the MI-only group was 5 days, whereas median survival was significantly greater in the MI-MMPi group at 38 days (p < 0.05). However, with prolonged MMPi (>120 days), a significant divergence in the survival curves occurred in which significantly greater mortality was observed with prolonged MMPi (p < 0.05). LV echocardiography at 6 months revealed LV dilation in the MI-only and MI-MMPi groups (154 +/- 14 and 219 +/- 24 microl) compared with control (67 +/- 4 microl, p < 0.05), with a greater degree of dilation in the MI-MMPi group (p < 0.05). MMPi conferred a beneficial effect on survival early post-MI, but prolonged MMPi (>3 months) was associated with higher mortality and adverse LV remodeling. These unique results suggest that an optimal temporal window exists with respect to pharmacological interruption of MMP activity in the post-MI period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis G Spinale
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Swartz MF, Halter JM, Fink GW, Pavone L, Zaitsev A, Lee HM, Steinberg JM, Lutz CJ, Sorsa T, Gatto LA, Landas S, Hare C, Nieman GF. Chemically Modified Tetracycline Improves Contractility in Porcine Coronary Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Card Surg 2006; 21:254-60. [PMID: 16684053 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8191.2006.00226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been implicated in extension of infarct size and deleterious clinical outcomes. Anti-inflammatory agents reduce this reperfusion injury. Chemically modified tetracycline-3 (CMT-3) (Collagenex Pharmaceuticals, Newtown, PA, USA) lacks antimicrobial properties yet retains anti-inflammatory activity. We examined infarct size and myocardial function in a porcine coronary artery occlusion/reperfusion model in CMT-3-treated and control animals. METHODS Yorkshire pigs (n = 8) underwent median sternotomy, pretreatment with heparin (300 U/kg and 67 U/kg/hr IV) and lidocaine (1 mg/kg IV) and were divided into two groups. Group one (n = 4) had the left anterior descending artery (LAD) occluded for 1 hour, after which it was reperfused for 2 hours. Group two (n = 4) had an identical protocol to group one except CMT-3 (2 mg/kg IV) was administered prior to occlusion of the LAD. RESULTS Animals receiving CMT-3 had significantly decreased infarct size in relation to the ventricular area-at-risk (AAR) (28 +/- 9% vs. 64 +/- 8%; p < 0.05). Myocardial contractile function was superior in the CMT-3 treatment, indicated by a higher cardiac index (2.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.3 L/min/m(2); p < 0.05) and stroke volume index (22 +/- 2 vs. 17 +/- 1 L/m(2)/beat; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS CMT-3 decreased infarct size in relation to the AAR resulting in relative preservation of contractility, suggesting CMT-3 may improve outcomes during myocardial ischemia reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Swartz
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
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Collin B, Busseuil D, Korandji C, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Duvillard L, Rioufol G, Pitois-Merli I, Rochette L. Short-term atorvastatin treatment does not modify neointimal morphology but reduces MMP-2 expression in normocholesterolemic rabbit stented arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2006; 47:428-36. [PMID: 16633086 DOI: 10.1097/01.fjc.0000211706.64993.cc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to explore some potential pleïotropic effects of atorvastatin, after stenting in the iliac arteries of normocholesterolemic rabbits. On day 0, 27 rabbits underwent stent implantation and were randomized into either the control group (standard chow, CTRL, n = 15) or the atorvastatin group (10 mg/kg/d per os, Ator, n = 12). On day 30, the stented arteries were harvested for histomorphometry and neointimal analysis [macrophages, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, vascular smooth muscle cells, and collagen]. Atorvastatin did not induce significant histomorphometric and inflammatory modifications but reduced neointimal expression of MMP-2 with no modification of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, and also induced higher neointimal collagen content (Ator vs. CTRL: MMP-2: 0.05 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.70 +/- 0.20, P < 0.01; collagen: 17.0+/-0.7%/mm vs. 12.0 +/- 1.2%/mm(2) P < 0.01). Atorvastatin treatment also induced a significant decrease in neointimal vascular smooth muscle cells and cellular density (respectively: 2.0 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05; 5406 +/- 241 nuclei/mm(2) vs. 4402 +/- 163 nuclei/mm(2), P < 0.001). Our study provides new insights into the field of MMP response to stenting and the effects of statin therapy, which could have important implications in the field of in-stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Collin
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Experimental Physiopathology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Burgundy, 7 Bd Jeanne d'Arc, France.
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Kalela A, Limnell V, Aittoniemi J, Virtanen V, Jaakkola O, Lehtimäki T, Nikkari ST. Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and venous bypass graft occlusion. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2006; 66:7-14. [PMID: 16464782 DOI: 10.1080/00365510500402125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary results after coronary artery bypass grafting are good, but early clinical events as a result of graft occlusion are still a problem. Early occlusions are thought to be due to thrombosis or fibrointimal hyperplasia superimposed by thrombosis, but the etiology of these phenomena is not fully understood. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 has been suggested to have a role in graft occlusion ex vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS We investigated whether the level of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 reflects its proposed role in occlusion of vein grafts. The study population consisted of 30 men with a history of myocardial infarction and 31 men without myocardial infarction who had undergone coronary artery bypass grafting. All the men were asymptomatic. RESULTS Among the patients with no previous myocardial infarction, serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level was significantly higher in those with graft occlusion than in those without occlusion (54.0+/-11.0 microg/L and 41.7+/-10.4 microg/L, respectively, p = 0.006), and it correlated positively with the number of occluded grafts (R = 0.55, p = 0.001). In the patients with myocardial infarction, this effect was not detected. CONCLUSIONS Serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 reflected the occurrence of vein graft occlusion in subjects with no previous history of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kalela
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Tampere Medical School, FIN-33014 Tampere, Finland
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Chu CS, Lee KT, Lee MY, Su HM, Voon WC, Sheu SH, Lai WT. Effects of rosiglitazone alone and in combination with atorvastatin on nontraditional markers of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:646-50. [PMID: 16490430 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Combination therapy of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin has been shown to have beneficial effects on glycemic control and lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study investigated the effects of the combination of rosiglitazone and atorvastatin on vascular inflammation by studying their effects on levels of biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thirty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were enrolled to receive rosiglitazone monotherapy at 4 mg/day for 3 months and then atorvastatin at 10 mg/day was added for 3 more months as combined therapy. Inflammatory biomarkers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L), and adiponectin, and lipid profiles were measured at the time of initiation, after rosiglitazone monotherapy and after combination therapy with rosiglitazone and atorvastatin. With treatment of rosiglitazone at 4 mg/day monotherapy for 3 months, hs-CRP levels decreased significantly by 26% (p <0.05) and adiponectin levels increased significantly by 192% (p <0.05), but no significant changes in levels of MMP-9 and sCD40L were demonstrated. After combination therapy, hs-CRP levels further significantly decreased by another 23% (p <0.05) and adiponectin further increased by another 124%. In addition, serum levels of MMP-9, sCD40L, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly compared with baseline levels. In conclusion, combination therapy with rosiglitazone and atorvastatin not only significantly improved lipid profiles but also decreased levels of vascular biomarkers, such as hs-CRP, MMP-9, and sCD40L, and increased serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Chu
- The Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Nakaya R, Uzui H, Shimizu H, Nakano A, Mitsuke Y, Yamazaki T, Ueda T, Lee JD. Pravastatin suppresses the increase in matrix metalloproteinase-2 levels after acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2006; 105:67-73. [PMID: 16207547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Revised: 12/29/2004] [Accepted: 12/30/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) may contribute to myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction. The goal of this study was to characterize the effects of pravastatin on circulating levels of MMP and on left ventricular dilatation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS Thirty-four consecutive patients with successful reperfusion following AMI were assigned to either pravastatin group (group P, n=12) or non-pravastatin group (group NP, n=22). Serum MMP-2 and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-2 were measured immediately after reperfusion, on days 2, 3, 7, 30, and at 6 months after MI. Left ventriculography was performed after reperfusion and at 4 weeks and 6 months. RESULTS MMP-2 levels were higher in patients with MI than control on days 1, 30, and at 6 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) at 6 months correlated with MMP-2 levels on day 30 (r=0.47, p<0.01) and at 6 months (r=0.56, p<0.001). MMP-2 levels at 6 months were significantly lower in group P than group NP. Further, LVEDVI at 6 months tended to be smaller and DeltaLVEDVI was significantly smaller in group P when compared with group NP. CONCLUSION Serum MMP-2 varied in a time-dependent manner following AMI and correlated with late changes in LVEDVI. Serum MMP-2 levels were significantly lower in treatment group than in non-treatment group and DeltaLVEDVI was significantly smaller in treatment group after long-term pravastatin administration. Use of statins in AMI patients may provide beneficial effects in terms of preventing heart failure over and above its lipid-lowering effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Nakaya
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, 23 Shimoaizuki, Matsuoka-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
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Leu H, Chen J, Wu T, Ding Y, Lin S, Charng M. Effects of fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, on serum levels of interleukin-18 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Clin Cardiol 2006; 28:423-8. [PMID: 16250265 PMCID: PMC6654498 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960280907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a novel proinflammatory marker, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) represent the indices of plaque stability. It is unknown whether hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins), which provide anti-inflammatory and endothelium protection effects, have the property of stabilizing plaque in patients with hypercholesterolemia. HYPOTHESIS The study was designed to investigate the influence of statin therapy in circulating IL-18, MMP-9, and endothelial function. METHODS We investigated the effects of a 12-week therapy with fluvastatin on IL-18, MMP-9, and endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolemia. RESULTS Compared with placebo, fluvastatin significantly improved flow-mediated vasodilatation to hyperemia, a hallmark of endothelial function [from 3.8% (-3.9 approximately 15.2) to 5.9% (-0.3 approximately 13.2), p = 0.001], and attenuated plasma levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) [from 1.3 (0.3 approximately 7.7) to 1.1 mg/l (0.2 approximately 3.5), p = 0.018], IL-18 [from 247.6 (145.4 approximately 378.4) to 196.4 pg/dl (90.7 approximately 380.2), p <0.001], total MMP-9 (from 58 +/- 46.3 to 39.4 +/- 22.4 ng/dl, p = 0.023), and MMP-9 activity [from 6.4 (3.6 approximately 27) to 5.6 ng/dl (3.1 approximately 13.7)]. However, no significant correlation was found between the degree of changes in lipid profile and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and plasma concentration of IL-18 and MMP-9. CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin reduced plasma concentrations of IL-18 and MMP-9, and improved endothelial function in patients with hypercholesterolemia independent of its lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin‐Bang Leu
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw‐Wen Chen
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tao‐Cheng Wu
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu‐An Ding
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shing‐Jong Lin
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Min‐Ji Charng
- National Yang‐Ming University, School of Medicine, and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Luo XH, Guo LJ, Shan PF, Xie H, Wu XP, Zhang H, Cao XZ, Yuan LQ, Liao EY. Relationship of circulating MMP-2, MMP-1, and TIMP-1 levels with bone biochemical markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Chinese women. Osteoporos Int 2006; 17:521-6. [PMID: 16365830 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-005-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 09/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoblast-derived matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 have been shown to play a role in bone metabolism by degrading the bone matrix. METHODS The present study was performed to investigate the relationships between serum MMP-2, MMP-1, or TIMP-1 levels and bone mineral density (BMD), as well as bone biochemical markers, in 297 Chinese postmenopausal women aged 42-80 years. RESULTS We found a significant negative weak correlation between MMP-2 and BMD at various skeletal regions. After adjustment for age and BMI, the correlation with BMD at the femoral neck and total hip disappeared. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that MMP-2 was not a determinant factor for BMD. The significant positive correlations between MMP-2 and bone cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), alkaline phosphatase (BAP), and osteocalcin (OC) and were found, and remained significant after adjustment for age and BMI. Moreover, serum MMP-2 concentrations were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis than in age-matched normal controls. There were no significant correlations between MMP-1, TIMP-1 and BMD. There were no significant relationships between MMP-1 and BAP, OC, and NTX. The associations between TIMP-1 and BAP and OC were not specific and constant. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results suggest that circulating MMP-2 and markers of bone turnover are correlated, and serum MMP-2 levels may rise with increase in bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Luo
- Institute of Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan, Peoples's Republic of China
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Lubos E, Schnabel R, Rupprecht HJ, Bickel C, Messow CM, Prigge S, Cambien F, Tiret L, Münzel T, Blankenberg S. Prognostic value of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 for cardiovascular death among patients with cardiovascular disease: results from the AtheroGene study. Eur Heart J 2005; 27:150-6. [PMID: 16230310 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehi582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metalloproteinases are proteolytic enzymes, which decompose the extracellular matrix, influence cardiac remodelling, and are inhibited by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Little is known about the prognostic impact of the TIMP-1/matrix metalloproteinase complex in patients with future cardiovascular death. METHODS AND RESULTS In 1979 patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), TIMP-1 has been determined at baseline. Among 1945 (98.4%) patients with a mean follow-up period of 2.6+/-1.2 years, 75 patients died because of cardiovascular causes. Mean concentrations of TIMP-1 were higher among patients who experienced a fatal cardiovascular event than among those who did not (820 vs. 692 ng/mL; P<0.001). Age and sex adjusted hazard ratio of future cardiovascular death associated with one standard deviation of TIMP-1 level, was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.17-1.61; P<0.001). The hazard ratio remained nearly identical after adjustment for clinical and therapeutic confounders. B-type natriuretic peptide (2.75, 95% CI: 1.94-3.89; P<0.001), C-reactive protein (1.79, 95% CI: 1.43-2.24; P<0.001), and TIMP-1 (1.30, 95% CI: 1.07-1.58; P=0.008) were independently associated with future cardiovascular death. CONCLUSION In patients with CAD, TIMP-1 proves as an independent predictor for future cardiovascular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Lubos
- Department of Medicine II, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany.
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Coats AJS. Top of the charts: download versus citations in the International Journal of Cardiology. Int J Cardiol 2005; 105:123-5. [PMID: 16214247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2005] [Accepted: 08/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The medical literature is growing at an alarming rate. Research assessment exercises, research quality frameworks, league tables and the like have attempted to quantify the volume, quality and impact of research. Yet the established measures (such as citation rates) are being challenged by the sheer number of journals, variability in the "gold standard" of peer-review and the emergence of open-source or web-based journals. In the last few years, we have seen a growth in downloads to individual journal articles that now easily exceeds formal journal subscriptions. We have recorded the 10 top cited articles over a 12-month period and compared them to the 10 most popular articles being downloaded over the same time period. The citation-based listing included basic and applied, observational and interventional original research reports. For downloaded articles, which have shown a dramatic increase for the International Journal of Cardiology from 48,000 in 2002 to 120,000 in 2003 to 200,000 in 2004, the most popular articles over the same period are very different and are dominated by up-to-date reviews of either cutting-edge topics (such as the potential of stem cells) or of the management of rare or unusual conditions. There is no overlap between the two lists despite covering exactly the same 12-month period and using measures of peer esteem. Perhaps the time has come to look at the usage of articles rather than, or in addition to, their referencing.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocardial remodeling is a complex process involving several molecular and cellular factors. Extracellular matrix has been implicated in the remodeling process. Historically, the myocardial extracellular matrix was thought to serve solely as a means to align cells and provide structure to the tissue. Although this is one of its important functions, evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix plays a complex and divergent role in influencing cell behavior. This paper characterizes some of the notable studies on this dynamic entity and on adverse myocardial remodeling that have been published over the past year, which further question the belief that the extracellular matrix is a static structure. RECENT FINDINGS Progress has been made in understanding how the extracellular matrix is operative in the three major conditions (myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy due to overload, and dilated cardiomyopathy) that involve myocardial remodeling. Several studies have examined plasma profiles of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases following myocardial infarction and during left ventricular hypertrophy as surrogate markers of remodeling/remodeled myocardium. It has been demonstrated that bioactive signaling molecules and growth factors, proteases, and structural proteins influence cell-matrix interactions in the context of left ventricular hypertrophy. Finally, studies that either removed or added tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases species in the myocardium demonstrated the importance of this regulatory protein in the remodeling process. SUMMARY Understanding the cellular and molecular triggers that in turn give rise to changes in the extracellular matrix could provide opportunities to modify the remodeling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Deschamps
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, USA
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Manginas A, Bei E, Chaidaroglou A, Degiannis D, Koniavitou K, Voudris V, Pavlides G, Panagiotakos D, Cokkinos DV. Peripheral levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes: correlations with serum troponin I. Clin Cardiol 2005; 28:182-6. [PMID: 15869050 PMCID: PMC6654195 DOI: 10.1002/clc.4960280405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are characterized by activation of systemic and local inflammatory mediators. The interrelation between these soluble inflammatory markers and their association with markers of myocardial necrosis have not been extensively studied. HYPOTHESIS The study was undertaken to evaluate the association of the systemic levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), with C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum troponin-I in patients admitted with ACS. METHODS Analysis of serum concentrations of the above inflammatory markers was performed in 53 patients with unstable angina (UA) and in 15 with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) within 48 h of admission, and 34 patients with stable coronary artery disease. RESULTS Compared with patients with stable angina, those with ACS had elevated admission levels of MMP-9 (p = 0.04), CRP (p < 0.001), and IL-6 (p = 0.001), but not TIMP-1 (p = 0.55). Compared with patients with UA, those with NSTEMI also had higher levels of IL-6 (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.002), and MMP-9 (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with ACS, the admission levels of inflammatory mediators, including MMP-9, CRP, and IL-6 are significantly elevated, specifically in association with serum troponin I. Systemic and local markers of inflammatory activity may be directly associated with myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios Manginas
- Department of Cardiology and Immunopathology and Histocompatibility Laboratory, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.
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Kato R, Momiyama Y, Ohmori R, Taniguchi H, Nakamura H, Ohsuzu F. Levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in patients with and without coronary artery disease and relation to complex and noncomplex coronary plaques. Am J Cardiol 2005; 95:90-2. [PMID: 15619398 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2004.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2004] [Revised: 08/17/2004] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the association between serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in 185 patients who underwent elective coronary angiography. MMP-1 levels did not differ between patients who had CAD and those who did not and did not correlate with the number of >50% stenotic vessels or segments, but MMP-1 levels were significantly higher in patients who had CAD and complex coronary lesions than in those who did not have such lesions and those who did not have CAD. High serum levels of MMP-1 were associated with the presence of complex lesions in patients who had CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Kato
- First Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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de Leeuw K, Sanders JS, Stegeman C, Smit A, Kallenberg CG, Bijl M. Accelerated atherosclerosis in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2004; 64:753-9. [PMID: 15374854 PMCID: PMC1755479 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2004.029033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several autoimmune disorders are complicated by excess cardiovascular disease. In addition to traditional risk factors, non-traditional risk factors such as endothelial activation and excessive vascular remodelling might be determinants of the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with an autoimmune disease. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) have an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis and to determine predisposing factors. METHODS 29 WG patients (19 men; mean (SD) age, 53 (14) years) with inactive disease and 26 controls (16 men; age 53 (15) years) were studied. Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by ultrasound. In all individuals traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease were determined. High sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) was measured. Endothelial activation was assessed by measuring thrombomodulin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and von Willebrand factor. As a marker of vascular remodelling matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-3 and MMP-9) and TIMP-1 were measured. RESULTS IMT was increased in WG patients compared with controls (p<0.05). No differences in traditional risk factors and endothelial activation markers between patients and controls were found. Levels of hsCRP, MMPs, and TIMP-1 were increased in WG patients (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased IMT found in WG patients cannot be explained by an increased prevalence of traditional risk factors. Although endothelial activation markers in WG patients with inactive disease were not increased, the raised levels of hsCRP, MMPs, and TIMP-1 suggest that enhanced inflammation and excessive vascular remodelling are contributing factors in the development of accelerated atherosclerosis in WG.
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Affiliation(s)
- K de Leeuw
- Department of Clinical Immunology, University Hospital, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, Netherlands.
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