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Ma Q, Long S, Gan Z, Tettamanti G, Li K, Tian L. Transcriptional and Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Autophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030441. [PMID: 35159248 PMCID: PMC8833990 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a widely conserved process in eukaryotes that is involved in a series of physiological and pathological events, including development, immunity, neurodegenerative disease, and tumorigenesis. It is regulated by nutrient deprivation, energy stress, and other unfavorable conditions through multiple pathways. In general, autophagy is synergistically governed at the RNA and protein levels. The upstream transcription factors trigger or inhibit the expression of autophagy- or lysosome-related genes to facilitate or reduce autophagy. Moreover, a significant number of non-coding RNAs (microRNA, circRNA, and lncRNA) are reported to participate in autophagy regulation. Finally, post-transcriptional modifications, such as RNA methylation, play a key role in controlling autophagy occurrence. In this review, we summarize the progress on autophagy research regarding transcriptional regulation, which will provide the foundations and directions for future studies on this self-eating process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqin Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shihui Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
| | - Zhending Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
| | - Gianluca Tettamanti
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
- BAT Center-Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Napoli Federico II, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Kang Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China;
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Ling Tian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Q.M.); (Z.G.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Sericulture and Mulberry Engineering Research Center, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (K.L.); (L.T.)
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Luo Y, Zheng S, Wu Q, Wu J, Zhou R, Wang C, Wu Z, Rong X, Huang N, Sun L, Bin J, Liao Y, Shi M, Liao W. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) EIF3J-DT induces chemoresistance of gastric cancer via autophagy activation. Autophagy 2021; 17:4083-4101. [PMID: 33764843 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1901204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently the main treatment for unresectable or advanced postoperative gastric cancers. However, its efficacy is negatively affected by the occurrence of chemoresistance, which severely affects patient prognosis. Recently, dysregulation in autophagy has been suggested as a potential mechanism for chemoresistence, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) also shows its regulatory role in cancer drug resistance. Using RNA sequencing, we found that lncRNA EIF3J-DT was highly expressed in drug-resistant gastric cancer cells. In-vitro and in-vivo experiments showed that EIF3J-DT activated autophagy and induced drug resistance in gastric cancer cells by targeting ATG14. Bioinformatics and experimental results showed that EIF3J-DT regulated the expression of ATG14 through direct binding to enhance stabilization of ATG14 mRNA and via blocking the degradation of ATG14 mRNA through competitively binding with microRNA (miRNA) MIR188-3p. Therefore, EIF3J-DT increased the expression of ATG14, contributing to activation of autophagy and chemoresistance. Furthermore, it was confirmed that EIF3J-DT and ATG14 were highly expressed in gastric cancer patients resistant to chemotherapy, and this was closely associated with patient prognosis. In conclusion, EIF3J-DT is involved in the regulation of autophagy and chemoresistance in gastric cancer cells by targeting ATG14. It may be a suitable new target for enhancing chemosensitivity and improving prognosis.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 5-Fu: 5-fluorouracil; ATG: autophagy related; C-CASP3: cleaved caspase 3; C-CASP7: cleaved caspase 7; C-PARP: cleaved PARP; CQ: chloroquine; CR: complete response; DIG: digoxigenin; ESR1: estrogen receptor 1; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FISH: fluorescence in situ hybridization; IHC: immunohistochemistry; ISH: in situ hybridization; lncRNA: long noncoding RNA; miRNA: microRNA; MUT: mutant; NC: negative control; OXA: oxaliplatin; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PD: progressive disease; PFA: paraformaldehyde; PR: partial response; qPCR: quantitative polymerase chain reaction; RAPA: rapamycin; SD: stable disease; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Siting Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qianying Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianping Bin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulin Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Shi
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangjun Liao
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Cui Z, Liu L, Kwame Amevor F, Zhu Q, Wang Y, Li D, Shu G, Tian Y, Zhao X. High Expression of miR-204 in Chicken Atrophic Ovaries Promotes Granulosa Cell Apoptosis and Inhibits Autophagy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:580072. [PMID: 33251211 PMCID: PMC7676916 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken atrophic ovaries have decreased volume and are indicative of ovarian failure, presence of a tumor, or interrupted ovarian blood supply. Ovarian tumor is accompanied by an increase in follicular atresia, granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis, and autophagy. In a previous study, we found using high throughput sequencing that miR-204 is highly expressed in chicken atrophic ovaries. Thus, in the present study, we further investigated its function in GC apoptosis and autophagy. We found that overexpression of miR-204 reduced mRNA and protein levels of proliferation-related genes and increased apoptosis-related genes. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU), and flow cytometry assays revealed that miR-204 inhibited GC proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, we confirmed with reporter gene assays that Forkhead box K2 (FOXK2) was directly targeted by miR-204. FOXK2, as a downstream regulator of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signal pathways, promoted GC proliferation and inhibited apoptosis. Subsequently, we observed that miR-204 was involved in GC autophagy by targeting Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 3 (TRPM3). The luciferase activities of the two binding sites of TRPM3 were decreased in response to treatment with a miR-204 mimic, and the autophagic flux was increased after miR-204 inhibition. However, overexpression of miR-204 had opposite results in autophagosomes and autolysosomes. miR-204 inhibits GC autophagy by suppressing the protein expression of TRPM3/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ULK signaling pathway components. Inhibition of miR-204 enhanced autophagy by accumulating and degrading the protein levels of LC3-II (Microtubule Associated Protein Light Chain 3B) and p62 (Protein of 62 kDa), respectively, whereas miR-204 overexpression was associated with contrary results. Immunofluorescence staining showed that there was a significant reduction in the fluorescent intensity of LC3B, whereas p62 protein was increased after TRPM3 silencing. Collectively, our results indicate that miR-204 is highly expressed in chicken atrophic ovaries, which promotes GC apoptosis via repressing FOXK2 through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and inhibits autophagy by impeding the TRPM3/AMPK/ULK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifu Cui
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingbin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diyan Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaofu Tian
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Xu W, Yu M, Qin J, Luo Y, Zhong M. LACTB Regulates PIK3R3 to Promote Autophagy and Inhibit EMT and Proliferation Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:5181-5200. [PMID: 32636680 PMCID: PMC7335311 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s250661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common aggressive malignancies. LACTB functions as a tumor suppressor, and previous findings have demonstrated that LACTB can inhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and proliferation of breast cancer and CRC cells. However, few studies have investigated the roles of LACTB in autophagy and proliferation in CRC. The current study aimed to identify the roles of LACTB in EMT and proliferation associated with autophagy in CRC and to elucidate the probable molecular mechanisms through which LACTB are involved in these processes. Materials and Methods Transwell invasion, MTT, transmission electron microscopy, RNA-seq, immunoprecipitation, immunohistochemistry and Western blotting assays were performed to evaluate the migratory, invasive, proliferative and autophagic abilities of CRC cells, and the levels of active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were examined through Western blotting analysis. In addition, the in vivo function of LACTB was assessed using a tumor xenograft model. Results Weaker LACTB expression was found in CRC tissue samples than in nonmalignant tissue samples, and LACTB inhibited cell invasion, migration, and proliferation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of LACTB on autophagy and EMT were partially attributed to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. The in vivo results also showed that LACTB modulated CRC tumorigenesis. Conclusion LACTB can regulate the activity of PIK3R3 to influence the level of PI3K, and it also promotes autophagy and inhibits EMT and proliferation in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, People's Republic of China
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Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Liu D, Yu B. Inhibition of microRNA-183 expression resists human umbilical vascular endothelial cells injury by upregulating expression of IRS1. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:612-621. [PMID: 31210063 PMCID: PMC6586131 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1628117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to investigate the effect of microRNA-183 (miR-183) on human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) injury by targeting IRS1. HUVECs injury was induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). HUVECs were grouped so as to explore the role of ox-LDL and miR-183 in HUVECs injury, with the expression of miR-183 and IRS1 detected. Additionally, the related factors of oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as angiogenesis ability, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, and migration abilities were also measured. Ox-LDL treatment could decrease the activity of HUVECs, increase the level of oxidative stress and inflammation, and induce the HUVECs injury. miR-183 could inhibit the expression of IRS1. The inhibition of miR-183 expression in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury could enhance cell activity, inhibit inflammatory level, and thus resist cell injury. Low expression of IRS1 could reverse the inhibition of miR-183 on HUVECs injury. This study highlights that inhibition of miR-183 expression may resist HUVECs injury by upregulating expression of IRS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and the Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yefei Zhan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Ningbo No 2 Hospital, Ningbo, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and the Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, and the Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
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PTEN-mediated mitophagy and APE1 overexpression protects against cardiac hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:741-748. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00389-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Fan C, Liu X, Li W, Wang H, Teng Y, Ren J, Huang Y. Circular RNA circ KMT2E is up-regulated in diabetic cataract lenses and is associated with miR-204-5p sponge function. Gene 2019; 710:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Guo Z, Zhou C, Zhong X, Shi J, Wu Z, Tang K, Wang Z, Song Y. The long noncoding RNA CTA-941F9.9 is frequently downregulated and may serve as a biomarker for carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22986. [PMID: 31343781 PMCID: PMC6868415 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in the carcinogenesis of many different cancers. This study aimed to detect expression of lncRNA CTA-941F9.9 in colorectal cancer tissues compared with matched nontumorous adjacent tissues (NATs). Moreover, we investigated whether this molecule is able to influence carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS Colorectal cancer tissues and NATs from two cohorts of patients were examined. Quantitative PCR was performed to quantify levels of CTA-941F9.9 expression in these samples. The association between CTA-941F9.9 expression and clinicopathological features, including receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, was also analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTA-941F9.9 in CRC. Potential effects of lncRNA CTA-941F9.9 on CRC cells were assessed via autophagy, transwell assay, CCK8 assays, and flow cytometry. RESULTS Our experimental results showed lncRNA CTA-941F9.9 to be significantly downregulated in CRC tissues in both cohorts, with areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.802 and 0.876. However, no significant correlations between CTA-941F9.9 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics or patient outcomes were observed. We also found that CTA-941F9.9 promotes autophagy in CRC cell lines but no significant function of CTA-941F9.9 in regulating cancer cell proliferation or migration. CONCLUSIONS LncRNA CTA-941F9.9 is frequently downregulated in CRC compared with NATs and might play an important role in CRC carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexu Guo
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cen Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xi Zhong
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinxin Shi
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaiwen Tang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wei R, Xiao Y, Song Y, Yuan H, Luo J, Xu W. FAT4 regulates the EMT and autophagy in colorectal cancer cells in part via the PI3K-AKT signaling axis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:112. [PMID: 30832706 PMCID: PMC6399964 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1043-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FAT4 functions as a tumor suppressor, and previous findings have demonstrated that FAT4 can inhibit the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. However, few studies have investigated the role of FAT4 in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study aimed to detect the role of FAT4 in the invasion, migration, proliferation and autophagy of CRC and elucidate the probable molecular mechanisms through which FAT4 interacts with these processes. METHODS Transwell invasion assays, MTT assays, transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry and western blotting were performed to evaluate the migration, invasion, proliferation and autophagy abilities of CRC cells, and the levels of active molecules involved in PI3K/AKT signaling were examined through a western blotting analysis. In addition, the function of FAT4 in vivo was assessed using a tumor xenograft model. RESULTS FAT4 expression in CRC tissues was weaker than that in nonmalignant tissues and could inhibit cell invasion, migration, and proliferation by promoting autophagy in vitro. Furthermore, the regulatory effects of FAT4 on autophagy and the EMT were partially attributed to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. The results in vivo also showed that FAT4 modulated CRC tumorigenesis. CONCLUSION FAT4 can regulate the activity of PI3K to promote autophagy and inhibit the EMT in part through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PI3K/AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Huiping Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006 Jiangxi China
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Mukhopadhyay U, Chanda S, Patra U, Mukherjee A, Rana S, Mukherjee A, Chawla-Sarkar M. Synchronized Orchestration of miR-99b and let-7g Positively Regulates Rotavirus Infection by Modulating Autophagy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1318. [PMID: 30718795 PMCID: PMC6362297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38473-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV), the major etiological agent of viral gastroenteritis in young children, kills over 200 thousand infants each year. In spite of available vaccines, rotaviral diarrhoea is still a major problem in developing countries of Asia and Africa. Therefore, the studies on RV infection and host antiviral responses are warranted. The active correlation between virus infection and activation of autophagy machinery and positive influence of autophagy on RV replication have been documented recently. Previous study from our group showed dysregulation of several cellular miRNAs during RV infection, though their significance remained largely unknown. Since cellular microRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in the control of several fundamental biological processes including stress response and autophagy, we focused on two miRNAs, miR-99b and let-7g, and analyzed their function to gain insight into the miRNA-autophagy crosstalk during RV infection. This study shows that RV suppresses let-7g expression but enhances miR-99b that in turn augment major autophagy regulators. Ectopic expression of let-7g and knockdown of miR-99b resulted in inhibition of autophagy, hence, reduction of RV replication. Overall, our study highlights new mechanistic insights for understanding the role of miRNAs in modulating RV infection and possibility of using RNA interference as an antiviral therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urbi Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Shampa Chanda
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Upayan Patra
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Arpita Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Santanu Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Anupam Mukherjee
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India.
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, WB, India.
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Li M, Pan B, Shi Y, Fu J, Xue X. Increased expression of CHOP and LC3B in newborn rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1653-1665. [PMID: 29901175 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) seriously affects the health and prognosis of children, but the efficacy of treatments is poor. The present study aimed to examine the effects of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3β (LC3B), and the interaction between CHOP and LC3B, in newborn rats with BPD. At 1, 7, 14 and 21 days, the rats in the model [fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)=80‑85%] and control groups (FiO2=21%) were randomly sacrificed, and lung samples were collected. Alveolar development was evaluated according to the radial alveolar count (RAC) and alveolar septum thickness. Ultrastructural changes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the expression levels of CHOP, ATF4 and LC3B were determined by immunohistochemistry, and western blot and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses. The co‑localization of CHOP and LC3B in lung tissues was determined by immunofluorescence. The results showed that, compared with the control group, alveolarization arrest was present in the model group. The TEM observations revealed that, at 14 days, type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII) lamellar bodies were damaged, with an apparent dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy in cells within the model group. Between days 7 and 14, the protein levels of ATF4, CHOP and LC3B were significantly increased in the model group. The mRNA levels of CHOP and LC3B were lower at days 7‑21. CHOP and LC3B were co‑localized in the cells of the lung tissues at day 14 in the model group. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that the protein levels of CHOP and LC3B‑II were positively correlated in the model groups. As in previous studies, the present study demonstrated that BPD damaged the AECII cells, which exhibited detached and sparse microvilli and the vacuolization of lamellar bodies. In addition, it was found that the ER was dilated, with autophagosomes containing ER and other organelles in AECII cells; the expression levels of CHOP and LC3B‑II were upregulated. CHOP and LC3B‑II may have joint involvement in the occurrence and development of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Bingting Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
| | - Xindong Xue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, P.R. China
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Fan T, Huang Z, Wang W, Zhang B, Xu Y, Mao Z, Chen L, Hu H, Geng Q. Proteasome inhibition promotes autophagy and protects from endoplasmic reticulum stress in rat alveolar macrophages exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6748-6758. [PMID: 29741768 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages play vital roles in acute lung injury, and macrophage response to hypoxia play relevant roles to disease mechanisms. There is growing evidence that cell death pathways play crucial roles in physiological and pathological settings and that the ubiquitin-proteasome system is involved in the regulation of these processes. However, the functional role of proteasome in alveolar macrophages exposed to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury is unknown. We aimed to investigate the function of proteasome on alveolar macrophages exposed to H/R and the underlying mechanisms. NR8383 cells were pretreated with proteasome activator sulforaphane (SFN) or inhibitor MG-132 for 1 hr, and then submitted to 2/6 hr, 4/6 hr, and 6/6 hr H/R treatment. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. Autophagy was monitored using electron transmission microscope and flow cytometry and western blotting. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways were equally analyzed by western blotting. Cell apoptosis was detected by immunohistochemistry, caspase3/7 activity, and western blotting. The viability of NR8383 cells exposed to H/R was affected by proteasome activity and proteasome inhibition significantly inhibited cell death. Treatment with MG-132 led to autophagy activation and induced the survival of NR8383 cells exposed to H/R. Pretreatment with SFN significantly decreased cell autophagy and induced cell death. ER stress was activated in H/R-treated NR8383 cells, and SFN further promoted ER stress whereas proteasome inhibition led to contrary results. Proteasome inhibtion hindered cell apoptosis as demonstrated by decreased caspase-3/7 activity, immunolabelling, and western blot results. Proteasome inhibition might be a promising approach for treating H/R injury-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Boyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Zhangfan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan
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13
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Qiu R, Li W, Liu Y. MicroRNA-204 protects H9C2 cells against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury through regulating SIRT1-mediated autophagy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:15-19. [PMID: 29421577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a main cause of acute myocardial infarction, and the pathogenesis of I/R injury is still not definitely confirmed. In the present study, we aimed to explore the roles of miR-204 in hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte injury in vitro. The H9C2 cells were subjected to hypoxia for 12 h followed by reoxygenation for another 24 h, and we found that miR-204 was significantly down-regulated after H/R treatment. Transfection of miR-204 mimics attenuated the H/R-induced impaired cell viability and increased apoptosis rates. Furthermore, SIRT1 was identified as a direct target of miR-204, and its expression is negatively regulated by miR-204. Forced expression of SIRT1 could partly rescue the effects of miR-204 on H/R-induced apoptosis and autophagy. Taken together, our study first revealed that overexpression of miR-204 has a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Qiu
- Department of Medical Affairs, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Emergency, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Yunhai Liu
- Department of Emergency, No.1 People's Hospital of Jining City, Jining, Shandong, China.
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14
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Xiao Y, Diao Q, Liang Y, Peng Y, Zeng K. MicroRNA‑24‑1‑5p promotes malignant melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis via regulating ubiquitin D. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8448-8454. [PMID: 28983594 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the key roles and possible regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miR)‑24‑1‑5p in regulating the autophagy, and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells. The expression levels of miR‑24‑1‑5p in malignant melanoma tissues were determined. Human melanoma A375 cells were transfected with miR‑24‑1‑5p mimic and control. The effects of miR‑24‑1‑5p overexpression on regulating the expressions of autophagy‑related proteins [microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3)‑II, LC3‑I and Beclin‑1] and apoptosis‑related proteins [apoptosis regulator Bcl‑2 (Bcl‑2) and (BCL2 like 1) Bcl‑xL] were investigated. The percentage of apoptotic cells in different transfected cells was detected. In addition, luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm whether ubiquitin D (UBD) was a target of miR‑24‑1‑5p. The effects of UBD silencing on autophagy and apoptosis were also investigated. The expression levels of janus kinase (JNK), phosphorylated (P)‑JNK, Jun proto‑oncogene AP‑1 transcription factor subunit (c‑Jun) and p‑c‑Jun were determined following the overexpression of miR‑24‑1‑5p, and UBD. In comparison with adjacent normal tissues, miR‑24‑1‑5p was significantly downregulated in malignant melanoma tissues. Overexpression of miR‑24‑1‑5p significantly increased the levels of LC3‑II/I ratio and Beclin‑1 expression, and decreased the expression levels of Bcl‑2 and Bcl‑xL. Flow cytometry also showed that miR‑24‑1‑5p overexpression promoted cell apoptosis. Moreover, UBD was confirmed as a direct target of miR‑24‑1‑5p. Silencing of UBD promoted melanoma cell autophagy and apoptosis via regulating the expression levels of related proteins. Besides, the levels of the p‑JNK/JNK and p‑c‑Jun/Jun ratios were significantly increased following miR‑24‑1‑5p overexpression, which were reversed following co‑overexpression of miR‑24‑1‑5p, and UBD. Overexpression of miR‑24‑1‑5p may target UBD, and subsequently promote the autophagy and apoptosis of malignant melanoma cells through activation of the JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Diao
- Department of Dermatology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400011, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518100, P.R. China
| | - Yusheng Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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15
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Kloner RA, Brown DA, Csete M, Dai W, Downey JM, Gottlieb RA, Hale SL, Shi J. New and revisited approaches to preserving the reperfused myocardium. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:679-693. [PMID: 28748958 PMCID: PMC5991096 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Early coronary artery reperfusion improves outcomes for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), but morbidity and mortality after STEMI remain unacceptably high. The primary deficits seen in these patients include inadequate pump function, owing to rapid infarction of muscle in the first few hours of treatment, and adverse remodelling of the heart in the months that follow. Given that attempts to further reduce myocardial infarct size beyond early reperfusion in clinical trials have so far been disappointing, effective therapies are still needed to protect the reperfused myocardium. In this Review, we discuss several approaches to preserving the reperfused heart, such as therapies that target the mechanisms involved in mitochondrial bioenergetics, pyroptosis, and autophagy, as well as treatments that harness the cardioprotective properties of inhaled anaesthetic agents. We also discuss potential therapies focused on correcting the no-reflow phenomenon and its effect on healing and adverse left ventricular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - David A Brown
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
- Virginia Tech Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Marie Csete
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90017, USA
| | - Wangde Dai
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
| | - James M Downey
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, 5851 USA Drive North, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Medicine, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Heart Institute of Cedars-Sinai, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | - Sharon L Hale
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
| | - Jianru Shi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Huntington Medical Research Institutes, 99 North El Molino Avenue, Pasadena, California 91101, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1975 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90033, USA
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16
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Chen L, Wang FY, Zeng ZY, Cui L, Shen J, Song XW, Li P, Zhao XX, Qin YW. MicroRNA-199a acts as a potential suppressor of cardiomyocyte autophagy through targeting Hspa5. Oncotarget 2017; 8:63825-63834. [PMID: 28969032 PMCID: PMC5609964 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an adaptive response to cardiomyocytes survival under stress conditions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miR) have been described to act as potent modulators of autophagy. To investigate whether and how miR-199a modulated autophagy in vitro, primary cardiomyocytes were treated under starvation to induce autophagy. Results showed that down-regulation of miR-199a was sufficient to activate cardiomyocytes autophagy. MiR-199a suppressed cardiomyocytes autophagy through direct inhibiting heat shock protein family A member 5 (Hspa5). Forced overexpression of Hspa5 recovered the inhibitory effect of miR-199a in autophagy activation. Our results suggested miR-199a as an effective suppressor of starvation-induced cardiomyocytes autophagy and that Hspa5 was a direct target during this process. These results extend the understanding of the role and pathway of miR-199a in cardiomyocytes autophagy, and may introduce a potential therapeutic strategy for the protection of cardiomyocytes in myocardial infarction or ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fei-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhen-Yu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Cardiology, 411 Hospital of PLA Navy, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Song
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xian-Xian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong-Wen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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17
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Regulation of Autophagy by MiRNAs and Their Emerging Roles in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 334:1-26. [PMID: 28838537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components or organelles through a lysosome-dependent pathway. Autophagy can be induced in response to multiple stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, energy depletion, etc. As a result, autophagy can regulate many biological processes, including cell survival, metabolism, differentiation, senescence, and cell death. MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that regulate gene expression by silencing mRNA targets. MiRNA dysregulation exhibits great regulatory potential during organismal development, hematopoiesis, immunity, cell proliferation and death, and autophagy. Recently, increasing studies have linked MiRNAs to autophagic regulation during cancer initiation and development. Although the relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy is quite complicated and has not been well elucidated, MiRNAs may underlie key aspects of autophagy and cancer biology. Increasing evidence shows that MiRNAs play important roles as both oncogenic MiRNAs and tumor suppressive MiRNAs in cancer initiation and development. Thus, understanding the novel relationship between MiRNAs and autophagy may allow us to develop promising cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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18
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Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a catabolic process that is widely found in nature. Over the past few decades, mounting evidence has indicated that noncoding RNAs, ranging from small noncoding RNAs to long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and even circular RNAs (circRNAs), mediate the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of autophagy-related genes by participating in autophagy regulatory networks. The differential expression of noncoding RNAs affects autophagy levels at different physiological and pathological stages, including embryonic proliferation and differentiation, cellular senescence, and even diseases such as cancer. We summarize the current knowledge regarding noncoding RNA dysregulation in autophagy and investigate the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying noncoding RNA involvement in autophagy regulatory networks. Then, we integrate public resources to predict autophagy-related noncoding RNAs across species and discuss strategies for and the challenges of identifying autophagy-related noncoding RNAs. This article will deepen our understanding of the relationship between noncoding RNAs and autophagy, and provide new insights to specifically target noncoding RNAs in autophagy-associated therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China,CONTACT Da Pang ; Shouping Xu Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, No. 150 Haping Road, Harbin, China 150040
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19
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Guo FX, Hu YW, Zheng L, Wang Q. Shear Stress in Autophagy and Its Possible Mechanisms in the Process of Atherosclerosis. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:335-346. [PMID: 28287831 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy can eliminate harmful components and maintain cellular homeostasis in response to a series of extracellular insults in eukaryotes. More and more studies show that autophagy plays vital roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease and shear stress acts as a key role in its process. Understanding the role of shear stress in autophagy may offer insight into atherosclerosis therapies, especially emerging targeted therapy. In this article, we retrospect related studies to summarize the present comprehension of the association between autophagy and atherosclerosis onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xia Guo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Wei Hu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
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20
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Chen Y, Huang L, Wang L, Chen L, Ren W, Zhou W. Differential expression of microRNAs contributed to the health efficacy of EGCG inin vitrosubarachnoid hemorrhage model. Food Funct 2017; 8:4675-4683. [PMID: 29160895 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
(1) EGCG prevented miRNA dysregulation after SAH; (2) multi-target mechanisms of EGCG might rely on its regulatory roles on miRNAs expression, such as those miRNAs targeting p38, Ca2+, and autophagic activation; (3) the differential expression of miRNAs might determine the therapeutic efficacy of different concentration of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- College of Life Science
- Henan Normal University
- Xinxiang 453007
- PR China
| | - Liyong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui
- China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui
- China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui
- China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Genomic and Microarray Core
- University of Colorado
- Anschutz Medical Campus
- Aurora
- USA
| | - Wenke Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
- Weihui
- China
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21
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Fan T, Huang Z, Chen L, Wang W, Zhang B, Xu Y, Pan S, Mao Z, Hu H, Geng Q. Associations between autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and endoplasmic reticulum stress in hypoxia-deoxygenation or ischemia-reperfusion. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 791:157-167. [PMID: 27568838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The activation of autophagy has been demonstrated to exert protective roles during hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R)-induced brain injuries. This study aimed to investigate whether and how preconditioning with a proteasome inhibitor (MG-132), a proteasome promoter (Adriamycin, ADM), an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA) and an autophagy promoter (Rapamycin, Rap) affected endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), autophagy, inflammation and apoptosis. Ubiquitin protein and 26S proteasome activity levels were decreased by MG-132 pretreatment but increased by ADM pretreatment at 2h, 4h and 6h following H/R treatment. MG-132 pretreatment led to the increased expression of autophagy-related genes, ER stress-associated genes and IκB but decreased the expression levels of NF-κB and caspase-3. ADM pretreatment led to the decreased expression of autophagy-related genes, ERS-associated genes and IκB but increased the expression of NF-κB and caspase-3. Pretreatment with 3-MA reduced the expression of autophagy-related genes, autophagy and UPS co-related genes, as well as apoptosis-related although the latter was increased by Rap pretreatment at 2h, 4h and 6h following H/R treatment. In vivo, pretreatment of rats with ADM, MG-132, 3-MA or Rap followed by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) treatment resulted in similar changes. Proteasome inhibition preconditioning strengthened autophagy and ER stress but decreased apoptosis and inflammation. Autophagy promotion preconditioning exhibited similar changes. The combination of a proteasome inhibitor and an autophagy promoter might represent a new possible therapy to treat H/R or I/R injury-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Boyou Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhangfan Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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22
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Yao D, Jiang Y, Gao S, Shang L, Zhao Y, Huang J, Wang J, Yang S, Chen L. Deconvoluting the complexity of microRNAs in autophagy to improve potential cancer therapy. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:541-53. [PMID: 27436709 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) (small, non-coding RNAs ∼22 nucleotides [nt] in length), have been estimated to regulate in the region of 30% of human gene expression at the post-transcriptional and translational levels. They are also involved in a series of important cellular processes, such as autophagy. Autophagy is well-known to be an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation process in which a cell degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Recent evidence has shown that miRNAs can function as either oncogenes or tumour-suppressive genes in human cancers. Also, they are well-characterized to be crucial in tumourigenesis, as either oncogenes or tumour suppressors, by regulating autophagy. However, discovering the intricate mechanism of miRNA-modulated autophagy remains in its infancy. Thus, in this review, we focus on summarizing the dual function of oncogenic or tumour-suppressive miRNAs in regulation of autophagy and their roles in carcinogenesis, thereby revealing the regulatory mechanism of miRNA-modulated autophagy in cancer, to shed light on more novel RNA therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahong Yao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingnan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Suyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Shang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuqian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Shilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Lixia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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23
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Kallikrein-related peptidase 8 is expressed in myocardium and induces cardiac hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2016; 7:20024. [PMID: 26823023 PMCID: PMC4731818 DOI: 10.1038/srep20024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue kallikrein-related peptidase family (KLK) is a group of trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine proteases that share a similar homology to parent tissue kallikrein (KLK1). KLK1 is identified in heart and has anti-hypertrophic effects. However, whether other KLK family members play a role in regulating cardiac function remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that KLK8 was expressed in myocardium. KLK8 expression was upregulated in left ventricle of cardiac hypertrophy models. Both intra-cardiac adenovirus-mediated and transgenic-mediated KLK8 overexpression led to cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. In primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, KLK8 knockdown inhibited phenylephrine (PE)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas KLK8 overexpression promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via a serine protease activity-dependent but kinin receptor-independent pathway. KLK8 overexpression increased epidermal growth factor (EGF) production, which was blocked by the inhibitors of serine protease. EGF receptor (EGFR) antagonist and EGFR knockdown reversed the hypertrophy induced by KLK8 overexpression. KLK8-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was also significantly decreased by blocking the protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) or PAR2 pathway. Our data suggest that KLK8 may promote cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through EGF signaling- and PARs-dependent but a kinin receptor-independent pathway. It is implied that different KLK family members can subtly regulate cardiac function and remodeling.
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24
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Zhang GY, Wang J, Jia YJ, Han R, Li P, Zhu DN. MicroRNA-9 promotes the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:314-20. [PMID: 25883633 PMCID: PMC4392682 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) has been shown to promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells, but the precise mechanism is unclear. Our previous study confirmed that increased autophagic activity improved the efficiency of neuronal differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Accumulating evidence reveals that miRNAs adjust the autophagic pathways. This study used miR-9-1 lentiviral vector and miR-9-1 inhibitor to modulate the expression level of miR-9. Autophagic activity and neuronal differentiation were measured by the number of light chain-3 (LC3)-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and the expression levels of the neuronal markers enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2. Results showed that LC3-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and expression of neuron specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 increased in the miR-9+ group. The above results suggest that autophagic activity increased and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were prone to differentiate into neuronal cells when miR-9 was overexpressed, demonstrating that miR-9 can promote neuronal differentiation by increasing autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Zhang
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Jia
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Deng-Na Zhu
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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25
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Rizos E, Siafakas N, Katsantoni E, Skourti E, Salpeas V, Rizos I, Tsoporis JN, Kastania A, Filippopoulou A, Xiros N, Margaritis D, Parker TG, Papageorgiou C, Zoumpourlis V. Let-7, mir-98 and mir-183 as biomarkers for cancer and schizophrenia [corrected]. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123522. [PMID: 25856466 PMCID: PMC4391828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence supports a role of microRNAs in cancer and psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, through their regulatory role on the expression of multiple genes. The rather rare co-morbidity of cancer and schizophrenia is an old hypothesis which needs further research on microRNAs as molecules that might exert their oncosuppressive or oncogenic activity in the context of their role in psychiatric disorders. The expression pattern of a variety of different microRNAs was investigated in patients (N = 6) suffering from schizophrenia termed control, patients with a solid tumor (N = 10) and patients with both schizophrenia and tumor (N = 8). miRNA profiling was performed on whole blood samples using the miRCURY LNA microRNA Array technology (6th & 7th generation). A subset of 3 microRNAs showed a statistically significant differential expression between the control and the study groups. Specifically, significant down-regulation of the let-7p-5p, miR-98-5p and of miR-183-5p in the study groups (tumor alone and tumorand schizophrenia) was observed (p<0.05). The results of the present study showed that let-7, miR-98 and miR-183 may play an important oncosuppressive role through their regulatory impact in gene expression irrespective of the presence of schizophrenia, although a larger sample size is required to validate these results. Nevertheless, further studies are warranted in order to highlight a possible role of these and other micro-RNAs in the molecular pathways of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Rizos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- * E-mail:
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Microbiology Laboratory, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Katsantoni
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Hematology-Oncology Division, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Skourti
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Salpeas
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Cardiology Department, University General Hospital “ATTIKON”, Athens, Greece
| | - James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anastasia Kastania
- Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Filippopoulou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Department of Psychiatry, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Xiros
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Oncology Unit, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios Margaritis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre. Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, University “ATTIKON” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Zoumpourlis
- Unit of Biomedical Applications, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
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26
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-digestion process for the quality control of intracellular entities in eukaryotes. In the past few years, mounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs)-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression represents an integral part of the autophagy regulatory network and may have a substantial effect on autophagy-related physiological and pathological conditions including cancer. Herein, we examine some of the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs manipulate the autophagic machinery to maintain cellular homeostasis and their biological outputs during cancer development. A better understanding of interaction between miRNAs and cellular autophagy may ultimately benefit future cancer diagnostic and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfei Yang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengyu Liang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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27
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Chronic hypoxia can drive maladaptive responses in numerous organ systems, leading to a multitude of chronic mammalian diseases. Oxygen homeostasis is intimately linked with mitochondrial metabolism, and dysfunction in these systems can combine to form the backbone of hypoxic-ischemic injury in multiple tissue beds. Increased appreciation of the crucial roles of hypoxia-associated miRNA (hypoxamirs) in metabolism adds a new dimension to our understanding of the regulation of hypoxia-induced disease. RECENT ADVANCES Myriad factors related to glycolysis (e.g., aldolase A and hexokinase II), tricarboxylic acid cycle function (e.g., glutaminase and iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein 1/2), and apoptosis (e.g., p53) have been recently implicated as targets of hypoxamirs. In addition, several hypoxamirs have been implicated in the regulation of the master transcription factor of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, clarifying how the cellular program of hypoxia is sustained and resolved. CRITICAL ISSUES Central to the discussion of metabolic change in hypoxia is the Warburg effect, a shift toward anaerobic metabolism that persists after normal oxygen levels have been restored. Many newly discovered targets of hypoxia-driven microRNA converge on pathways known to be involved in this pathological phenomenon and the apoptosis-resistant phenotype associated with it. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The often synergistic functions of miRNA may make them ideal therapeutic targets. The use of antisense inhibitors is currently being considered in diseases in which hypoxia and metabolic dysregulation predominate. In addition, exploration of pleiotripic miRNA functions will likely continue to offer unique insights into the mechanistic relationships of their downstream target pathways and associated hypoxic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Cottrill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
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28
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Xiao J, Zhu X, Ji G, Yang Q, Kang B, Zhao J, Yao F, Wu L, Ni X, Wang Z. Ulinastatin protects cardiomyocytes against ischemia‑reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy through mTOR activation. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1949-53. [PMID: 25109305 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is significant in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Ulinastatin has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes against IR through inducing anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether ulinastatin has an anti‑autophagic effect is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of ulinastatin on the regulation of autophagy during IR injury. Cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were randomly divided into control, hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) and ulinastatin groups. In order to investigate whether mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is involved in mediating the protective effect of ulinastatin, cells were treated with the mTOR inhibitor, rapamycin 30 min prior to ulinastatin treatment. To demonstrate the anti-autophagic effect of ulinastatin in vivo, a rat IR model was established. Ulinastatin (1x104 U/kg body weight) was administered 30 min prior to the induction of IR via peritoneal injection. Light chain 3 (LC3), phosphorylated (p)‑mTOR, p‑protein kinase B (Akt) and p‑P70S6 kinase (p‑P70S6K) protein expression were assessed using western blot analysis. In addition, cell vitality, myocardial infarct size and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured. LC3‑Ⅱ protein expression was found to be downregulated, while p‑Akt, p‑mTOR and p‑P70S6K protein expression were observed to be upregulated by ulinastatin. In addition, cell vitality was found to increase and LDH was observed to decrease in the ulinastatin group compared with the HR group in vitro. Furthermore, rapamycin was found to attenuate the myocardial protective effect that is induced by ulinastatin. In vivo, ulinastatin was found to downregulate LC3‑Ⅱ protein expression, and reduce myocardium infarct size and LDH serum levels. These findings indicate that ulinastatin exhibits a myocardial protective effect against IR injury by regulating autophagy through mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Guangyu Ji
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Bo Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Zhinong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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29
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Small molecules, big effects: the role of microRNAs in regulation of cardiomyocyte death. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1325. [PMID: 25032848 PMCID: PMC4123081 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, and exerting regulatory roles in plethora of biological processes. In recent years, miRNAs have received increased attention for their crucial role in health and disease, including in cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the role of miRNAs in regulation of cardiac cell death/cell survival pathways, including apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis. It is envisaged that these miRNAs may explain the mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of many cardiac diseases, and, most importantly, may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention that will limit cardiomyocyte cell death before it irreversibly affects cardiac function. Through an in-depth literature analysis coupled with integrative bioinformatics (pathway and synergy analysis), we dissect here the landscape of complex relationships between the apoptosis-regulating miRNAs in the context of cardiomyocyte cell death (including regulation of autophagy–apoptosis cross talk), and examine the gaps in our current understanding that will guide future investigations.
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30
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Involvement of miR-1 in the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:6845-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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31
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Wang F, Xiao J, Shen Y, Yao F, Chen Y. Estrogen protects cardiomyocytes against lipopolysaccharide by inhibiting autophagy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1509-12. [PMID: 25017426 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has a significant role in myocardial injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Estrogen (E2) has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis; however, it remains to be determined whether it exhibits anti‑autophagic effects. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether estrogen-regulated autophagy attenuates cardiomyocyte injury induced by LPS. The cardiomyocytes of neonatal rats were randomized to the control (Con), LPS and estrogen + LPS groups. The LPS group was treated with 1 µg LPS for 24 h and the estrogen + LPS group was treated with 10‑8 M estrogen 30 min prior to treatment with LPS. Cardiomyocyte autophagy was quantitated by investigating the mRNA and protein level of autophagy‑related genes (Atgs). The mRNA expression of Atg5 and Beclin1 were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) protein expression was measured by western blot analysis. To demonstrate the cardiomyocyte protection of estrogen, cell vitality and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were measured following LPS treatment. It was identified that LPS induced cardiomyocyte injury, together with the upregulation of Atg5, Beclin1 mRNA and LC3‑II protein. Furthermore, estrogen attenuated the effect of LPS. The present study provides evidence that estrogen has a myocardial protective role against injury induced by LPS by regulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Yaofeng Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Feng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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32
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Huang J, Sun W, Huang H, Ye J, Pan W, Zhong Y, Cheng C, You X, Liu B, Xiong L, Liu S. miR-34a modulates angiotensin II-induced myocardial hypertrophy by direct inhibition of ATG9A expression and autophagic activity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94382. [PMID: 24728149 PMCID: PMC3984180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by thickening myocardium and decreasing in heart chamber volume in response to mechanical or pathological stress, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. This study investigated altered miRNA expression and autophagic activity in pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. A rat model of myocardial hypertrophy was used and confirmed by heart morphology, induction of cardiomyocyte autophagy, altered expression of autophagy-related ATG9A, LC3 II/I and p62 proteins, and decrease in miR-34a expression. The in vitro data showed that in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes induced by Ang II, miR-34a expression was downregulated, whereas ATG9A expression was up-regulated. Moreover, miR-34a was able to bind to ATG9A 3'-UTR, but not to the mutated 3'-UTR and inhibited ATG9A protein expression and autophagic activity. The latter was evaluated by autophagy-related LC3 II/I and p62 levels, TEM, and flow cytometry in rat cardiomyocytes. In addition, ATG9A expression induced either by treatment of rat cardiomyocytes with Ang II or ATG9A cDNA transfection upregulated autophagic activity and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in both morphology and expression of hypertrophy-related genes (i.e., ANP and β-MHC), whereas knockdown of ATG9A expression downregulated autophagic activity and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, miR-34a antagonized Ang II-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy, whereas inhibition of miR-34a expression aggravated Ang II-stimulated myocardial hypertrophy (such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy-related ANP and β-MHC expression and cardiomyocyte morphology). This study indicates that miR-34a plays a role in regulation of Ang II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibition of ATG9A expression and autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jionghua Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanfang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu You
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Benrong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longgen Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (SL)
| | - Shiming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LX); (SL)
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33
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Nallamshetty S, Chan SY, Loscalzo J. Hypoxia: a master regulator of microRNA biogenesis and activity. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 64:20-30. [PMID: 23712003 PMCID: PMC3762925 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia, or low oxygen tension, is a unique environmental stress that induces global changes in a complex regulatory network of transcription factors and signaling proteins to coordinate cellular adaptations in metabolism, proliferation, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Several lines of evidence now establish microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through posttranscriptional mechanisms, as key elements in this response to hypoxia. Oxygen deprivation induces a distinct shift in the expression of a specific group of miRNAs, termed hypoxamirs, and emerging evidence indicates that hypoxia regulates several facets of hypoxamir transcription, maturation, and function. Transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor are upregulated under conditions of low oxygen availability and directly activate the transcription of a subset of hypoxamirs. Conversely, hypoxia selectively represses other hypoxamirs through less well characterized mechanisms. In addition, oxygen deprivation has been directly implicated in epigenetic modifications such as DNA demethylation that control specific miRNA transcription. Finally, hypoxia also modulates the activity of key proteins that control posttranscriptional events in the maturation and activity of miRNAs. Collectively, these findings establish hypoxia as an important proximal regulator of miRNA biogenesis and function. It will be important for future studies to address the relative contributions of transcriptional and posttranscriptional events in the regulation of specific hypoxamirs and how such miRNAs are coordinated in order to integrate into the complex hierarchical regulatory network induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram Nallamshetty
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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34
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Pan B, Yi J, Song H. MicroRNA-mediated autophagic signaling networks and cancer chemoresistance. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:573-8. [PMID: 23841710 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment and brings about poor prognosis of the patients, yet the underlying mechanisms have not been entirely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs that may play an essential role for regulation of programmed cell death, which consists of apoptosis and autophagy. Autophagy refers to an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in which, a cell degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that autophagy is associated with multiple cancer-related pathways, including resistance to chemotherapeutics. Moreover, manipulation of miRNA expression levels may increase cell sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs through targeting the autophagic signaling pathway. In this review, we summarized the recent findings concerning miRNAs involved in autophagy, mainly focused on the mechanism of miRNA modulation at different autophagic stages, the crucial role of miRNAs in the interconnection between autophagy and apoptosis, and the potential of miRNAs to overcome chemoresistance by targeting autophagic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banzhou Pan
- 1 Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University , Nanjing, China
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35
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Yi H, Liang B, Jia J, Liang N, Xu H, Ju G, Ma S, Liu X. Differential roles of miR-199a-5p in radiation-induced autophagy in breast cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:436-43. [PMID: 23337876 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degrading process that is triggered by diverse stimuli including ionizing radiation. In this study we show novel phenomena in which transfection of miR-199a-5p mimic significantly suppresses IR-induced autophagy in MCF7 cells, and up-regulates basal and IR-induced autophagy in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We also identify DRAM1 and Beclin1 as novel target genes for miR-199a-5p. Overexpression of miR-199a-5p inhibits DRAM1 and Beclin1 expression in MCF7 cells, while it enhances expression of these genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, we show that miR-199a-5p sensitizes MDA-MB-231 cells to irradiation. Therefore, our data identify miR-199a-5p as a novel and unique regulator of autophagy, which plays an important role in cancer biology and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqing Yi
- Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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36
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Qased AB, Yi H, Liang N, Ma S, Qiao S, Liu X. MicroRNA-18a upregulates autophagy and ataxia telangiectasia mutated gene expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2012; 7:559-64. [PMID: 23229340 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.1214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-step lysosomal degradation process in which a cell degrades its own long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) has recently been shown to upregulate the process of autophagy. Previous studies showed that certain microRNAs, including miR-18a, potentially regulate ATM in cancer cells. However, the mechanisms behind the modulation of ATM by miR-18a remain to be elucidated in colon cancer cells. In the present study, we explored the impact of miR-18a on the autophagy process and ATM expression in HCT116 colon cancer cells. To determine whether a preliminary link exists between autophagy and miR-18a, HCT116 cells were irradiated and quantitative (q) PCR was performed to measure miR-18a expression. HCT116 cells were transfected with an miR-18a mimic to study its impact on indicators of autophagy. Western blotting and luciferase assays were implemented to explore the impact of miR-18a on ATM gene expression in HCT116 cells. The results showed that miR-18a expression was strongly stimulated by radiation. Ectopic overexpression of miR-18a in HCT116 cell lines potently enhanced autophagy and ionizing radiation-induced autophagy. Moreover, miR-18a overexpression led to the upregulation of ATM expression and suppression of mTORC1 activity. Results of the present study pertaining to the role of miR-18a in regulating autophagy and ATM gene expression in colon cancer cells revealed a novel function for miR-18a in a critical cellular event and on a crucial gene with significant impacts in cancer development, progression, treatment and in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Baker Qased
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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37
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Rizos E, Siafakas N, Koumarianou A, Katsantoni E, Filippopoulou A, Ntounas P, Touloumis C, Kastania A, Zoumpourlis V. miR-183 as a molecular and protective biomarker for cancer in schizophrenic subjects. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2200-4. [PMID: 23007659 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that schizophrenia is associ-ated with a reduced risk of cancer. Genes that are involved in cell cycle regulation seem to have additional functions in post-mitotic neurons involved in neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a dominant role in the regulation of gene expression in the central nervous system (CNS). Due to their involvement in a large number of CNS pathways, miRNAs pose as appealing molecules for further investigation, with potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value. In the present study, we investigated the potential association between cancer and schizophrenia in 2 patient sample groups. We analyzed a large number of miRNAs in a control group of 6 schizophrenic patients and a study group of 8 schizophrenic patients with a solid tumor. A comparison between the control and study groups showed that only miR-183 was differentially expressed. Specifically, a significant downregulation of miR-183 in the samples of the study group was observed. Although a larger sample size is required to validate this result for the general patient population, our findings provide a first indication that miR-183 may play a role in regulating the expression of other genes with onco-suppressor activity. Our results are in agreement with the theory that patients with schizophrenia may have a tumor suppressor gene or enhanced neuronal apoptotic activities. Further studies are required in order to shed light on the role of miRNAs and particularly, on the suppressive role of miR-183 in the neurobiological pathways involved in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rizos
- Second Department of Psychiatry, University General Hospital 'Attikon', Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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38
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miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets for age-related macular degeneration. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:277-87. [PMID: 22393936 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their recent discovery, miRNAs have been shown to play critical roles in a variety of pathophysiological processes. Such processes include pathological angiogenesis, the oxidative stress response, immune response and inflammation, all of which have been shown to have important and interdependent roles in the pathogenesis and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Here we present a brief review of the pathological processes involved in AMD and review miRNAs and other noncoding RNAs involved in regulating these processes. Specifically, we discuss several candidate miRNAs that show promise as AMD therapeutic targets due to their direct involvement in choroidal neovascularization or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy. We discuss potential miRNA-based therapeutics and delivery methods for AMD and provide future directions for the field of miRNA research with respect to AMD. We believe the future of miRNAs in AMD therapy is promising.
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Wu H, Wang F, Hu S, Yin C, Li X, Zhao S, Wang J, Yan X. MiR-20a and miR-106b negatively regulate autophagy induced by leucine deprivation via suppression of ULK1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts. Cell Signal 2012; 24:2179-86. [PMID: 22781751 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process responsible for degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic components through the lysosomal machinery. It has been proved to play pivotal roles in cellular homeostasis, cell growth and organism development. Moreover, abnormalities of autophagy have been linked to numerous human pathophysiologies. Emerging evidence has linked leucine deprivation induced protein breakdown to autophagy, but the underlying mechanisms controlling autophagic activity in this process are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that two members of the miR-17 microRNA family, miR-20a and miR-106b, may participate in regulating leucine deprivation induced autophagy via suppression of ULK1 expression in C2C12 myoblasts. We showed that leucine deprivation downregulated miR-20a and miR-106b expression via suppression of their transcription factor c-Myc. We discovered the essential autophagy gene ULK1 as cellular target of miR-20a and miR-106b. Treatment of C2C12 cells with the miR-20a or miR-106b mimic decreased the endogenous ULK1 protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the miRNA binding sequences in the 3' UTR of ULK1 contribute to the modulation of ULK1 expression by miR-20a and miR-106b. Furthermore, inhibition of ULK1 expression by the miR-20a or miR-106b mimic blunted activation of autophagy induced by leucine deprivation, while suppression of endogenous miR-20a or miR-106b by specific antagomir in C2C12 cells showed normal autophagic activity. Altogether, our data demonstrated that miR-20a and miR-106b regulated autophagy induced by leucine deprivation in C2C12 cells via targeting ULK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
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Xu J, Wang Y, Tan X, Jing H. MicroRNAs in autophagy and their emerging roles in crosstalk with apoptosis. Autophagy 2012; 8:873-82. [PMID: 22441107 DOI: 10.4161/auto.19629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) is an evolutionarily conserved self-degradative process, which involves the regular turnover of cellular components via sequestering damaged macromolecules and transporting them for lysosomal degradation. In the past few years, the scientific community has produced remarkable advances in our understanding of the genes that are involved in autophagy and of their profound effects on various diseases. Recently, a new class of noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), has been demonstrated to play crucial roles in diverse biological processes including development, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Here, we review the current understanding about miRNAs focusing on their involvement in the autophagy process. Intriguingly, several confirmed targets of these autophagy-miRNAs are also important regulators in the crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis. Furthermore, transcripts involved in autophagy and apoptosis may indirectly modulate each other by competing for common miRNA binding sites. Thus, miRNAs potentially work as molecular switches between these two intimately connected processes and contribute to the cell fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen Xu
- College of Bioengineering, Henan Universitfy of Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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Fu LL, Wen X, Bao JK, Liu B. MicroRNA-modulated autophagic signaling networks in cancer. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 44:733-6. [PMID: 22342941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding endogenous RNAs ∼22 nucleotides (nt) in length that may play the essential roles for regulation of programed cell death, referring to apoptosis and autophagy. Of note, autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, multi-step lysosomal degradation process in which a cell degrades long-lived proteins and damaged organelles. Accumulating evidence has recently revealed that miRNAs can modulate the autophagic pathways in many pathological processes, most notably cancer. In this review, we focus on highlighting the dual functions of miRNAs as either oncogenes (e.g., miRNA-183, miRNA-376b, miRNA-106a, miRNA-221/222, miRNA-31 and miRNA-34c) or tumor suppressors (e.g., miRNA-30a, miRNA-101 and miRNA-9*) via mediating several autophagic signaling pathways in cancer pathogenesis. Taken together, these findings may uncover the regulatory mechanisms of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRNAs in autophagy, which would provide a better understanding of miRNA-modulated autophagic signaling networks for future cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-lei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process that allows cellular macromolecules to be broken down and recycled into metabolic precursors. It is a highly conserved, critical process, allowing cells to gain survival advantages under various stress situations due to growth and environmental changes. In the past few years, mounting evidence indicates that the post-transcriptional and translational controls mediated by non-coding miRNAs contribute significantly to autophagy in cancer. Such acute modulation of protein synthesis mediated by miRNAs provides cells with advantages in response to starvation, genotoxic stress and hypoxia. In this review, we highlight some of the important discoveries and molecular insights of miRNAs in regulating autophagy based on various cancer models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhai
- Translational Research Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Xiao J, Zhu X, He B, Zhang Y, Kang B, Wang Z, Ni X. MiR-204 regulates cardiomyocyte autophagy induced by ischemia-reperfusion through LC3-II. J Biomed Sci 2011; 18:35. [PMID: 21631941 PMCID: PMC3127824 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-18-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays a significant role in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. So it is important to inhibit autophagy to protect cardiomyocytes besides anti-apoptosis. MiRNA has been demonstrated to protect cardiomyocytes against apoptosis during IR, while whether it has anti-autophagy effect has not been known. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-204 regulated autophagy by regulating LC3-II protein, which is the marker of autophagosome during myocardial IR injury. METHODS Adult SD rats were randomized to Control and IR groups. IR group was treated with 30 min ischemia by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by 2 h reperfusion by loosing the ligation. The expression of miR-204 was measured by RT-PCR, and LC3 protein was measured by western-blot. RESULTS We found that IR induced cardiomyocytes autophagy, together with down-regulation of miR-204 and up-regulation of LC3-II protein. And, we have found that LC3-II protein was regulated by miR-204, using the method of transferring miR-204 mimic or AMO-204 into the cardiomyocytes, before. CONCLUSIONS These studies provided evidence that miR-204 played an important role in regulating autophagy through LC3-IIprotein during IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the second military medical university, Fengyang road 415#, shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Physiology, the second military medical university, Xiangyin road 800#, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Bin He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang road 1665#, Shanghai, China, 200092
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the second military medical university, Fengyang road 415#, shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Bo Kang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the second military medical university, Fengyang road 415#, shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Zhinong Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, the second military medical university, Fengyang road 415#, shanghai, China, 200003
| | - Xin Ni
- Department of Physiology, the second military medical university, Xiangyin road 800#, Shanghai, China, 200433
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