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Hassanabad AF, Zarzycki AN, Patel VB, Fedak PWM. Current Concepts in the Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Fibrosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2024:107673. [PMID: 38996851 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2024.107673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant driver of congestive heart failure, a syndrome that continues to affect a growing patient population globally. Cardiac fibrosis results from a constellation of complex processes at the transcription, receptor, and signaling axes levels. Various mediators and signaling cascades, such as the transformation growth factor-beta pathway, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiac tissue fibrosis. Our understanding of these markers and pathways has improved in recent years as more advanced technologies and assays have been developed, allowing for better delineation of the crosstalk between specific factors. There is mounting evidence suggesting that epigenetic modulation plays a pivotal role in the progression of cardiac fibrosis. Transcriptional regulation of key pro- and anti-fibrotic pathways can accentuate or blunt the rate and extent of fibrosis at the tissue level. Exosomes, micro-RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs all belong to factors that can impact the epigenetic signature in cardiac fibrosis. Herein, we comprehensively review the latest literature about exosomes, their contents, and cardiac fibrosis. In doing so, we highlight the specific transcriptional factors with pro- or anti-fibrotic properties. We also assimilate the data supporting these mediators' potential utility as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we offer insight into where further work can be done to fill existing gaps to translate pre-clinical findings better and improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Fatehi Hassanabad
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Anna N Zarzycki
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Science, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Fu G, Wang Z, Hu S. Exercise improves cardiac fibrosis by stimulating the release of endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes and upregulating miR-126 expression. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1323329. [PMID: 38798919 PMCID: PMC11119291 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1323329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological manifestation of various cardiac diseases such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, and it is also a key link in heart failure. Previous studies have confirmed that exercise can enhance cardiac function and improve cardiac fibrosis, but the molecular target is still unclear. In this review, we introduce the important role of miR-126 in cardiac protection, and find that it can regulate TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway, inhibit cardiac fibroblasts transdifferentiation, and reduce the production of collagen fibers. Recent studies have shown that exosomes secreted by cells can play a specific role through intercellular communication through the microRNAs carried by exosomes. Cardiac endothelial progenitor cell-derived exosomes (EPC-Exos) carry miR-126, and exercise training can not only enhance the release of exosomes, but also up-regulate the expression of miR-126. Therefore, through derivation and analysis, it is believed that exercise can inhibit TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway by up-regulating the expression of miR-126 in EPC-Exos, thereby weakening the transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. This review summarizes the specific pathways of exercise to improve cardiac fibrosis by regulating exosomes, which provides new ideas for exercise to promote cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzhuo Fu
- School of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Siyuan Hu
- School of Sports and Arts, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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3
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Khalaji A, Mehrtabar S, Jabraeilipour A, Doustar N, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Tahavvori A, Fattahi P, Alavi SMA, Taha SR, Fazlollahpour-Naghibi A, Shariat Zadeh M. Inhibitory effect of microRNA-21 on pathways and mechanisms involved in cardiac fibrosis development. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 18:17539447241253134. [PMID: 38819836 PMCID: PMC11143841 DOI: 10.1177/17539447241253134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a pivotal cardiovascular disease (CVD) process and represents a notable health concern worldwide. While the complex mechanisms underlying CVD have been widely investigated, recent research has highlighted microRNA-21's (miR-21) role in cardiac fibrosis pathogenesis. In this narrative review, we explore the molecular interactions, focusing on the role of miR-21 in contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Various signaling pathways, such as the RAAS, TGF-β, IL-6, IL-1, ERK, PI3K-Akt, and PTEN pathways, besides dysregulation in fibroblast activity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and tissue inhibitors of MMPs cause cardiac fibrosis. Besides, miR-21 in growth factor secretion, apoptosis, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition play crucial roles. miR-21 capacity regulatory function presents promising insights for cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, this review discusses numerous approaches to control miR-21 expression, including antisense oligonucleotides, anti-miR-21 compounds, and Notch signaling modulation, all novel methods of cardiac fibrosis inhibition. In summary, this narrative review aims to assess the molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis and its essential miR-21 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Khalaji
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saba Mehrtabar
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nadia Doustar
- Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tahavvori
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Payam Fattahi
- Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Reza Taha
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andarz Fazlollahpour-Naghibi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Drăgan A, Mateescu AD. Novel Biomarkers and Advanced Cardiac Imaging in Aortic Stenosis: Old and New. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1661. [PMID: 38002343 PMCID: PMC10669288 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the symptomatic status and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) play a crucial role in aortic stenosis (AS) assessment. However, the symptoms are often subjective, and LVEF is not a sensitive marker of left ventricle (LV) decompensation. Over the past years, the cardiac structure and function research on AS has increased due to advanced imaging modalities and potential therapies. New imaging parameters emerged as predictors of disease progression in AS. LV global longitudinal strain has proved useful for risk stratification in asymptomatic severe AS patients with preserved LVEF. The assessment of myocardial fibrosis by cardiac magnetic resonance is the most studied application and offers prognostic information on AS. Moreover, the usage of biomarkers in AS as objective measures of LV decompensation has recently gained more interest. The present review focuses on the transition from compensatory LV hypertrophy (H) to LV dysfunction and the biomarkers associated with myocardial wall stress, fibrosis, and myocyte death. Moreover, we discuss the potential impact of non-invasive imaging parameters for optimizing the timing of aortic valve replacement and provide insight into novel biomarkers for possible prognostic use in AS. However, data from randomized clinical trials are necessary to define their utility in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Drăgan
- Department of Cardiovascular Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Doina Mateescu
- Department of Cardiology, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof Dr C C Iliescu”, 258 Fundeni Road, 022328 Bucharest, Romania;
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Huang X, Zheng D, Liu C, Huang J, Chen X, Zhong J, Wang J, Lin X, Zhao C, Chen M, Su S, Chen Y, Xu C, Lin C, Huang Y, Zhang S. miR-214 could promote myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transition in VMC mice through regulation of the p53 or PTEN-PI3K-Akt signali pathway, promoting CF proliferation and inhibiting its ng pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110765. [PMID: 37647681 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-214 in the bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN and its influence on myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with viral myocarditis (VMC). METHODS The study established a VMC model in BALB/c mice by injecting them with the CVB3 virus intraperitoneally. Techniques such as ELISA, H&E staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical staining, RT-qPCR, western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were used to detect the expression levels of relevant factors in tissues and cells. Isolation and culture of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were also conducted. RESULTS The study found that miR-214 bidirectional regulation of p53 and PTEN promotes myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. The expression levels of collagen-related peptides, inflammatory-related factors, miR-214, mesenchymal transformation-related factors, and fibrosis-related factors were significantly increased, while the expression levels of p53, PTEN, and epithelial/endothelial cell phenotype marker factors were significantly decreased. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression inhibited inflammatory cell and fibroblast infiltration in VMC mouse myocardial tissue. It reduced the proliferation ability while increasing the apoptosis of cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSION miR-214 plays a significant role in the bidirectional inhibition of p53 and PTEN, which leads to myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transformation in mice with VMC. Downregulation of miR-214 or upregulation of p53 and PTEN expression may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating VMC-induced cardiac fibrosis and mesenchymal transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China
| | - Danling Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jianxiang Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jialin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chengkuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Meini Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Siman Su
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chengcheng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China
| | - Chaoxian Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shantou Chaonan Minsheng Hospital, Shantou 515000, PR China
| | - Yihui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China.
| | - Shuyao Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, PR China.
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Ravassa S, López B, Treibel TA, San José G, Losada-Fuentenebro B, Tapia L, Bayés-Genís A, Díez J, González A. Cardiac Fibrosis in heart failure: Focus on non-invasive diagnosis and emerging therapeutic strategies. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101194. [PMID: 37384998 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is a leading cause of mortality and hospitalization worldwide. Cardiac fibrosis, resulting from the excessive deposition of collagen fibers, is a common feature across the spectrum of conditions converging in heart failure. Eventually, either reparative or reactive in nature, in the long-term cardiac fibrosis contributes to heart failure development and progression and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Despite this, specific cardiac antifibrotic therapies are lacking, making cardiac fibrosis an urgent unmet medical need. In this context, a better patient phenotyping is needed to characterize the heterogenous features of cardiac fibrosis to advance toward its personalized management. In this review, we will describe the different phenotypes associated with cardiac fibrosis in heart failure and we will focus on the potential usefulness of imaging techniques and circulating biomarkers for the non-invasive characterization and phenotyping of this condition and for tracking its clinical impact. We will also recapitulate the cardiac antifibrotic effects of existing heart failure and non-heart failure drugs and we will discuss potential strategies under preclinical development targeting the activation of cardiac fibroblasts at different levels, as well as targeting additional extracardiac processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas A Treibel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK; Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Losada-Fuentenebro
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leire Tapia
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Bayés-Genís
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Servei de Cardiologia i Unitat d'Insuficiència Cardíaca, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; ICREC Research Program, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute, Badalona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra and IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain; CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
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Kanwischer L, Xu X, Saifuddin AB, Maamari S, Tan X, Alnour F, Tampe B, Meyer T, Zeisberg M, Hasenfuss G, Puls M, Zeisberg EM. Low levels of circulating methylated IRX3 are related to worse outcome after transcatheter aortic valve implantation in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:149. [PMID: 37697352 PMCID: PMC10496273 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiac diseases and major cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is performed in such patients with symptomatic severe AS and reduces mortality for the majority of these patients. However, a significant percentage dies within the first two years after TAVI, such that there is an interest to identify parameters, which predict outcome and could guide pre-TAVI patient selection. High levels of cardiac fibrosis have been identified as such independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality after TAVI. Promoter hypermethylation commonly leads to gene downregulation, and the Iroquois homeobox 3 (IRX3) gene was identified in a genome-wide transcriptome and methylome to be hypermethylated and downregulated in AS patients. In a well-described cohort of 100 TAVI patients in which cardiac fibrosis levels were quantified histologically in cardiac biopsies, and which had a follow-up of up to two years, we investigated if circulating methylated DNA of IRX3 in the peripheral blood is associated with cardiac fibrosis and/or mortality in AS patients undergoing TAVI and thus could serve as a biomarker to add information on outcome after TAVI. RESULTS Patients with high levels of methylation in circulating IRX3 show a significantly increased survival as compared to patients with low levels of IRX3 methylation indicating that high peripheral IRX3 methylation is associated with an improved outcome. In the multivariable setting, peripheral IRX3 methylation acts as an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. While there is no significant correlation of levels of IRX3 methylation with cardiac death, there is a significant but very weak inverse correlation between circulating IRX3 promoter methylation level and the amount of cardiac fibrosis. Higher levels of peripheral IRX3 methylation further correlated with decreased cardiac IRX3 expression and vice versa. CONCLUSIONS High levels of IRX3 methylation in the blood of AS patients at the time of TAVI are associated with better overall survival after TAVI and at least partially reflect myocardial IRX3 expression. Circulating methylated IRX3 might aid as a potential biomarker to help guide both pre-TAVI patient selection and post-TAVI monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Kanwischer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xingbo Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Afifa Binta Saifuddin
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Maamari
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoying Tan
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fouzi Alnour
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Björn Tampe
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Meyer
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeisberg
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miriam Puls
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Zeisberg
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.
- DZHK German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Krauze A, Procyk G, Gąsecka A, Garstka-Pacak I, Wrzosek M. The Role of MicroRNAs in Aortic Stenosis-Lessons from Recent Clinical Research Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13095. [PMID: 37685901 PMCID: PMC10487683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the most prevalent primary valve lesion demanding intervention. Two main treatment options are surgical aortic valve replacement or transcatheter aortic valve implantation. There is an unmet need for biomarkers that could predict treatment outcomes and become a helpful tool in guiding Heart Team in the decision-making process. Micro-ribonucleic acids (microRNAs/miRs) have emerged as potential biomarkers thoroughly studied in recent years. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the role of miRNAs in AS based on human subject research. Much research investigating miRNAs' role in AS has been conducted so far. We included 32 original human subject research relevant to the discussed field. Most of the presented miRNAs were studied only by a single research group. Nevertheless, several miRNAs appeared more than once, sometimes with high consistency between different studies but sometimes with apparent discrepancies. The molecular aspects of diseases are doubtlessly exciting and provide invaluable insights into the pathophysiology. Nevertheless, translating these findings, regarding biomarkers such as miRNAs, into clinical practice requires much effort, time, and further research with a focus on validating existing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krauze
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Grzegorz Procyk
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Gąsecka
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1A, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Izabela Garstka-Pacak
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.G.-P.)
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (I.G.-P.)
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Ageing at Molecular Level: Role of MicroRNAs. Subcell Biochem 2023; 102:195-248. [PMID: 36600135 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21410-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The progression of age triggers a vast number of diseases including cardiovascular, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Regardless of our plentiful knowledge about age-related diseases, little is understood about molecular pathways that associate the ageing process with various diseases. Several cellular events like senescence, telomere dysfunction, alterations in protein processing, and regulation of gene expression are common between ageing and associated diseases. Accumulating information on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) suggests targeting miRNAs can aid our understanding of the interplay between ageing and associated diseases. In the present chapter, we have attempted to explore the information available on the role of miRNAs in ageing of various tissues/organs and diseases and understand the molecular mechanism of ageing.
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10
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Samra M, Srivastava K. Non-coding RNA and their potential role in cardiovascular diseases. Gene 2023; 851:147011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hosen MR, Goody PR, Zietzer A, Xiang X, Niepmann ST, Sedaghat A, Tiyerili V, Chennupati R, Moore JB, Boon RA, Uchida S, Sinning JM, Zimmer S, Latz E, Werner N, Nickenig G, Jansen F. Circulating MicroRNA-122-5p Is Associated With a Lack of Improvement in Left Ventricular Function After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement and Regulates Viability of Cardiomyocytes Through Extracellular Vesicles. Circulation 2022; 146:1836-1854. [PMID: 35862223 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.060258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a well-established treatment option for high- and intermediate-risk patients with severe symptomatic aortic valve stenosis. A majority of patients exhibit improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) after TAVR in response to TAVR-associated afterload reduction. However, a specific role for circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the improvement of cardiac function for patients after TAVR has not yet been investigated. Here, we profiled the differential expression of miRNAs in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients after TAVR and, in particular, the novel role of circulating miR-122-5p in cardiomyocytes. METHODS Circulating EV-associated miRNAs were investigated by use of an unbiased Taqman-based human miRNA array. Several EV miRNAs (miR-122-5p, miR-26a, miR-192, miR-483-5p, miR-720, miR-885-5p, and miR-1274) were significantly deregulated in patients with aortic valve stenosis at day 7 after TAVR compared with the preprocedural levels in patients without LVEF improvement. The higher levels of miR-122-5p were negatively correlated with LVEF improvement at both day 7 (r=-0.264 and P=0.015) and 6 months (r=-0.328 and P=0.0018) after TAVR. RESULTS Using of patient-derived samples and a murine aortic valve stenosis model, we observed that the expression of miR-122-5p correlates negatively with cardiac function, which is associated with LVEF. Mice with graded wire injury-induced aortic valve stenosis demonstrated a higher level of miR-122-5p, which was related to cardiomyocyte dysfunction. Murine ex vivo experiments revealed that miR-122-5p is highly enriched in endothelial cells compared with cardiomyocytes. Coculture experiments, copy-number analysis, and fluorescence microscopy with Cy3-labeled miR-122-5p demonstrated that miR-122-5p can be shuttled through large EVs from endothelial cells into cardiomyocytes. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments suggested that EV-mediated shuttling of miR-122-5p increases the level of miR-122-5p in recipient cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, mass spectrometry, miRNA pulldown, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed that miR-122-5p interacts with the RNA-binding protein hnRNPU (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U) in a sequence-specific manner to encapsulate miR-122-5p into large EVs. On shuttling, miR-122-5p reduces the expression of the antiapoptotic gene BCL2 by binding to its 3' untranslated region to inhibit its translation, thereby decreasing the viability of target cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of circulating proapoptotic EV-incorporated miR-122-5p are associated with reduced LVEF after TAVR. EV shuttling of miR-122-5p regulates the viability and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in a BCL2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rabiul Hosen
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Philip Roger Goody
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Xu Xiang
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
- Department of International Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Shinan, Qingdao, Shandong, China (X.X.)
| | - Sven Thomas Niepmann
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Alexander Sedaghat
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Vedat Tiyerili
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Germany (R.C.)
| | - Joseph B Moore
- Christina Lee Brown Environment Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, KY (J.B.M.)
- Diabetes and Obesity Center, Louisville, KY (J.B.M.)
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Germany (R.A.B.)
- Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site-Rhein-Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (R.A.B.)
- Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (R.A.B.)
| | - Shizuka Uchida
- Center for RNA Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark (S.U.)
| | - Jan-Malte Sinning
- Department of Internal Medicine-III-Cardiology, St. Vinzenz Hospital, Cologne, Germany (J.-M.S.)
| | - Sebastian Zimmer
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity (E.L.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Nikos Werner
- Department of Internal Medicine/ Cardiology, Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Trier, Germany (N.W.)
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
| | - Felix Jansen
- Heart Center Bonn, Department of Internal Medicine II (M.R.H., P.R.G., A.Z., X.X., S.T.N., A.S., V.T., S.Z., G.N., F.J.), University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus Germany
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12
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Mohan IK, Baba KSSS, Iyyapu R, Thirumalasetty S, Satish OS. Advances in congestive heart failure biomarkers. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:205-248. [PMID: 36642484 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly worldwide. Although many biomarkers associated with in heart failure, these are generally prognostic and identify patients with moderate and severe disease. Unfortunately, the role of biomarkers in decision making for early and advanced heart failure remains largely unexplored. Previous studies suggest the natriuretic peptides have the potential to improve the diagnosis of heart failure, but they still have significant limitations related to cut-off values. Although some promising cardiac biomarkers have emerged, comprehensive data from large cohort studies is lacking. The utility of multiple biomarkers that reflect various pathophysiologic pathways are increasingly being explored in heart failure risk stratification and to diagnose disease conditions promptly and accurately. MicroRNAs serve as mediators and/or regulators of renin-angiotensin-induced cardiac remodeling by directly targeting enzymes, receptors and signaling molecules. The role of miRNA in HF diagnosis is a promising area of research and further exploration may offer both diagnostic and prognostic applications and phenotype-specific targets. In this review, we provide insight into the classification of different biochemical and molecular markers associated with CHF, examine clinical usefulness in CHF and highlight the most clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K S S Sai Baba
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rohit Iyyapu
- Katuri Medical College & Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | - O Sai Satish
- Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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13
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Zhu L, Wang Y, Zhao S, Lu M. Detection of myocardial fibrosis: Where we stand. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:926378. [PMID: 36247487 PMCID: PMC9557071 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.926378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, resulting from the disturbance of extracellular matrix homeostasis in response to different insults, is a common and important pathological remodeling process that is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including arrhythmia, heart failure, or even sudden cardiac death. Over the past decades, multiple non-invasive detection methods have been developed. Laboratory biomarkers can aid in both detection and risk stratification by reflecting cellular and even molecular changes in fibrotic processes, yet more evidence that validates their detection accuracy is still warranted. Different non-invasive imaging techniques have been demonstrated to not only detect myocardial fibrosis but also provide information on prognosis and management. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is considered as the gold standard imaging technique to non-invasively identify and quantify myocardial fibrosis with its natural ability for tissue characterization. This review summarizes the current understanding of the non-invasive detection methods of myocardial fibrosis, with the focus on different techniques and clinical applications of CMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yining Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shihua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Minjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Imaging (Cultivation), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Minjie Lu
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14
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Molecular Approaches and Echocardiographic Deformation Imaging in Detecting Myocardial Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810944. [PMID: 36142856 PMCID: PMC9501415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathological remodeling of myocardial tissue is the main cause of heart diseases. Several processes are involved in the onset of heart failure, and the comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the pathological phenotype deserves special attention to find novel procedures to identify the site of injury and develop novel strategies, as well as molecular druggable pathways, to counteract the high degree of morbidity associated with it. Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is recognized as a critical trigger for disruption of heart functionality due to the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, in response to an injury. Its diagnosis remains focalized on invasive techniques, such as endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), or may be noninvasively detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI). The detection of MF by non-canonical markers remains a challenge in clinical practice. During the last two decades, two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has emerged as a new non-invasive imaging modality, able to detect myocardial tissue abnormalities without specifying the causes of the underlying histopathological changes. In this review, we highlighted the clinical utility of 2D-STE deformation imaging for tissue characterization, and its main technical limitations and criticisms. Moreover, we focalized on the importance of coupling 2D-STE examination with the molecular approaches in the clinical decision-making processes, in particular when the 2D-STE does not reflect myocardial dysfunction directly. We also attempted to examine the roles of epigenetic markers of MF and hypothesized microRNA-based mechanisms aiming to understand how they match with the clinical utility of echocardiographic deformation imaging for tissue characterization and MF assessment.
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15
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New Insights into the Functions of MicroRNAs in Cardiac Fibrosis: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081390. [PMID: 36011301 PMCID: PMC9407613 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a significant global health problem associated with almost all types of heart disease. Extensive cardiac fibrosis reduces tissue compliance and contributes to adverse outcomes, such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and even heart failure. It is mainly associated with pathological myocardial remodeling, characterized by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in cardiac parenchymal tissues. In recent years, a growing body of evidence demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in the pathological development of cardiac fibrosis. More than sixty miRNAs have been associated with the progression of cardiac fibrosis. In this review, we summarized potential miRNAs and miRNAs-related regulatory mechanisms for cardiac fibrosis and discussed the potential clinical application of miRNAs in cardiac fibrosis.
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16
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Adewuyi JO, Patel R, Abbasciano R, McCann G, Murphy G, Woźniak MJ, Singh A. A systematic review of micro-RNAs in aortic stenosis and cardiac fibrosis. Clin Transl Sci 2022; 15:1809-1817. [PMID: 35579611 PMCID: PMC9372411 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic stenosis (AS) is the commonest valve lesion requiring surgery in the Western world. The presence of myocardial fibrosis is associated with mortality even after valve replacement. MicroRNAs could serve as biomarkers of fibrosis and risk stratify patients for earlier intervention. This study aimed to systematically review reports of micro-RNA (miR) associated with fibrosis in AS and identify potential biomarkers. We searched EMBASE, Medline, and Web of Science up to May 2020. Studies that reported on the role of miRs in AS and cardiac fibrosis were included. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Of 4230 reports screened, 25 were included. All studies were of low to moderate quality. MiRs were analyzed in myocardial tissue (n = 10), aortic valve tissue (n = 5), plasma (n = 5), and serum (n = 5). A total of 365 miRs were reported, of which only a few were reported in more than one paper (3 in the myocardium, 5 in the aortic valve, and 1 in plasma). miR-21 was upregulated in plasma and myocardial tissue. MiR-19b was downregulated in the myocardium. Papers reporting myocardial miR-1 contradicted each other, and miR-133a was associated with increased left ventricular mass regression post-surgery. In the aortic valve, miRs-665, 602 and 939 were downregulated, and miRs-193b and 214 were upregulated. The data on miR in fibrosis in AS is scarce and of low to moderate quality. Further studies are needed to identify novel miRs as biomarkers, especially at an earlier asymptomatic phase of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Osekafore Adewuyi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Roshan Patel
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Riccardo Abbasciano
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Gerry P. McCann
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Gavin Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Marcin J. Woźniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Anvesha Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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17
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Boxhammer E, Berezin AE, Paar V, Bacher N, Topf A, Pavlov S, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M. Severe Aortic Valve Stenosis and Pulmonary Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Non-Invasive Ways of Risk Stratification, Especially in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040603. [PMID: 35455719 PMCID: PMC9026430 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with severe aortic valve stenosis and concomitant pulmonary hypertension show a significantly reduced survival prognosis. Right heart catheterization as a preoperative diagnostic tool to determine pulmonary hypertension has been largely abandoned in recent years in favor of echocardiographic criteria. Clinically, determination of echocardiographically estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure falls far short of invasive right heart catheterization data in terms of accuracy. The aim of the present systematic review was to highlight noninvasive possibilities for the detection of pulmonary hypertension in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, with a special focus on cardiovascular biomarkers. A total of 525 publications regarding echocardiography, cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers related to severe aortic valve stenosis and pulmonary hypertension were analyzed in a systematic database analysis using PubMed Central®. Finally, 39 publications were included in the following review. It was shown that the current scientific data situation, especially regarding cardiovascular biomarkers as non-invasive diagnostic tools for the determination of pulmonary hypertension in severe aortic valve stenosis patients, is poor. Thus, there is a great scientific potential to combine different biomarkers (biomarker scores) in a non-invasive way to determine the presence or absence of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Boxhammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Alexander E. Berezin
- Internal Medicine Department, State Medical University of Zaporozhye, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine;
| | - Vera Paar
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Nina Bacher
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Albert Topf
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Sergii Pavlov
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, State Medical University of Zaporozhye, 69035 Zaporozhye, Ukraine;
| | - Uta C. Hoppe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (E.B.); (V.P.); (N.B.); (A.T.); (U.C.H.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Ishiguro T, Hayashi M, Fujiwara W, Okumura S, Yoshinaga M, Yamada R, Ueda S, Ito T, Niwa Y, Miyazaki A, Harada M, Naruse H, Ishii J, Ozaki Y, Izawa H. Circulating miR-489 as a potential new biomarker for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. FUJITA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 7:18-22. [PMID: 35111539 PMCID: PMC8749486 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2020-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Objectives:
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are functional RNAs that have emerged as pivotal gene expression
regulators in cardiac disease. Although several cardiomyocyte miRNAs have been reported to
play roles in heart failure progression among patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
(DCM), the role of circulating miRNAs has not yet been well-examined. Methods:
After total RNA extraction from the peripheral blood samples of three control
participants and six patients with DCM, miRNA profiling was performed using miRNA arrays.
Based on the results of this initial screening, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
was used to perform a quantitative analysis of blood samples from a larger number of matched
patients (DCM, n=20; controls, n=5). Finally, the
correlations between specific miRNA expression levels and hemodynamic parameters were
analyzed. Results:
A primary screening of 2,565 miRNAs resulted in the identification of nine miRNA
candidates. Quantitative RT-PCR results revealed significantly increased miR-489 expression
levels in the DCM group. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between
miR-489 expression level and left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusions:
Our results suggest that circulating miR-489 could be a potential noninvasive
diagnostic biomarker for DCM. Additionally, the quantification of circulating miR-489 may have
value as a potential prognostic marker for patients with DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Ishiguro
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mutsuharu Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Wakaya Fujiwara
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masataka Yoshinaga
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayano Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takehiro Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yudai Niwa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akane Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masahide Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Junnichi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Zhu J, Tang Z, Ren J, Geng J, Guo F, Xu Z, Jia J, Chen L, Jia Y. Downregulation of microRNA-21 contributes to decreased collagen expression in venous malformations via transforming growth factor-β/Smad3/microRNA-21 signaling feedback loop. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2021; 10:469-481.e2. [PMID: 34506963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Venous malformations (VMs) are the most frequent vascular malformations and are characterized by dilated and tortuous veins with a dysregulated vascular extracellular matrix. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential involvement of microRNA-21 (miR-21), a multifunctional microRNA tightly associated with extracellular matrix regulation, in the pathogenesis of VMs. METHODS The expression of miR-21, collagen I, III, and IV, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Smad3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) was evaluated in VMs and normal skin tissue using in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, Masson trichrome staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS miR-21 expression was markedly decreased in the VM specimens compared with normal skin, in parallel with downregulation of collagen I, III, and IV and the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in VMs. Moreover, our data demonstrated that miR-21 positively regulated the expression of collagens in HUVECs and showed a positive association with the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway in the VM tissues. In addition, miR-21 was found to mediate TGF-β-induced upregulation of collagens in HUVECs. Our data have indicated that miR-21 and the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway could form a positive feedback loop to synergistically regulate endothelial collagen synthesis. In addition, TGF-β/Smad3/miR-21 feedback loop signaling was upregulated in bleomycin-treated HUVECs and VM specimens, which was accompanied by increased collagen deposition. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, the present study has, for the first time, revealed downregulation of miR-21 in VMs, which might contribute to decreased collagen expression via the TGF-β/Smad3/miR-21 signaling feedback loop. These findings provide new information on the pathogenesis of VMs and might facilitate the development of new therapies for VMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zirong Tang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangang Ren
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinhuan Geng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengyuan Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Jia
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yulin Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Olivieri F, Prattichizzo F, Giuliani A, Matacchione G, Rippo MR, Sabbatinelli J, Bonafè M. miR-21 and miR-146a: The microRNAs of inflammaging and age-related diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101374. [PMID: 34082077 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The first paper on "inflammaging" published in 2001 paved the way for a unifying theory on how and why aging turns out to be the main risk factor for the development of the most common age-related diseases (ARDs). The most exciting challenge on this topic was explaining how systemic inflammation steeps up with age and why it shows different rates among individuals of the same chronological age. The "epigenetic revolution" in the past twenty years conveyed that the assessment of the individual genetic make-up is not enough to depict the trajectories of age-related inflammation. Accordingly, others and we have been focusing on the role of non-coding RNA, i.e. microRNAs (miRNAs), in inflammaging. The results obtained in the latest 10 years underpinned the key role of a miRNA subset that we have called inflammamiRs, owing to their ability to master (NF-κB)-driven inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will focus on two inflammamiRs, i.e. miR-21-5p and miR-146a-5p, which target a variety of molecules belonging to the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways. The interplay between miR-146a-5p and IL-6 in the context of aging and ARDs will also be highlighted. We will also provide the most relevant evidence suggesting that circulating inflammamiRs, along with IL-6, can measure the degree of inflammaging.
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21
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Marracino L, Fortini F, Bouhamida E, Camponogara F, Severi P, Mazzoni E, Patergnani S, D’Aniello E, Campana R, Pinton P, Martini F, Tognon M, Campo G, Ferrari R, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Rizzo P. Adding a "Notch" to Cardiovascular Disease Therapeutics: A MicroRNA-Based Approach. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:695114. [PMID: 34527667 PMCID: PMC8435685 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.695114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the Notch pathway is implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but, as of today, therapies based on the re-establishing the physiological levels of Notch in the heart and vessels are not available. A possible reason is the context-dependent role of Notch in the cardiovascular system, which would require a finely tuned, cell-specific approach. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short functional endogenous, non-coding RNA sequences able to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional levels influencing most, if not all, biological processes. Dysregulation of miRNAs expression is implicated in the molecular mechanisms underlying many CVDs. Notch is regulated and regulates a large number of miRNAs expressed in the cardiovascular system and, thus, targeting these miRNAs could represent an avenue to be explored to target Notch for CVDs. In this Review, we provide an overview of both established and potential, based on evidence in other pathologies, crosstalks between miRNAs and Notch in cellular processes underlying atherosclerosis, myocardial ischemia, heart failure, calcification of aortic valve, and arrhythmias. We also discuss the potential advantages, as well as the challenges, of using miRNAs for a Notch-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of the most common CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Marracino
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Esmaa Bouhamida
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesca Camponogara
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Severi
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisa Mazzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simone Patergnani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuele D’Aniello
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Campana
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernanda Martini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Ferrari
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | - Paola Rizzo
- Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Ravenna, Italy
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22
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Bär C, Chatterjee S, Falcão Pires I, Rodrigues P, Sluijter JPG, Boon RA, Nevado RM, Andrés V, Sansonetti M, de Windt L, Ciccarelli M, Hamdani N, Heymans S, Figuinha Videira R, Tocchetti CG, Giacca M, Zacchigna S, Engelhardt S, Dimmeler S, Madonna R, Thum T. Non-coding RNAs: update on mechanisms and therapeutic targets from the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1805-1819. [PMID: 32638021 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vast parts of mammalian genomes are actively transcribed, predominantly giving rise to non-coding RNA (ncRNA) transcripts including microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs among others. Contrary to previous opinions that most of these RNAs are non-functional molecules, they are now recognized as critical regulators of many physiological and pathological processes including those of the cardiovascular system. The discovery of functional ncRNAs has opened up new research avenues aiming at understanding ncRNA-related disease mechanisms as well as exploiting them as novel therapeutics in cardiovascular therapy. In this review, we give an update on the current progress in ncRNA research, particularly focusing on cardiovascular physiological and disease processes, which are under current investigation at the ESC Working Groups of Myocardial Function and Cellular Biology of the Heart. This includes a range of topics such as extracellular vesicle-mediated communication, neurohormonal regulation, inflammation, cardiac remodelling, cardio-oncology as well as cardiac development and regeneration, collectively highlighting the wide-spread involvement and importance of ncRNAs in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bär
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Shambhabi Chatterjee
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inês Falcão Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rodrigues
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reinier A Boon
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Partner site Rhein/Main, German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rosa M Nevado
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Spain
| | - Marida Sansonetti
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon de Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Center for Heart Failure Research, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Raquel Figuinha Videira
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo G Tocchetti
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Interdepartmental Center of Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Giacca
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Serena Zacchigna
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Engelhardt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Biedersteiner Str. 29, Munich 80802, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Frankfurt, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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23
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Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM. MicroRNAs as monitoring markers for right-sided heart failure and congestive hepatopathy. J Med Life 2021; 14:142-147. [PMID: 34104236 PMCID: PMC8169151 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The last decades showed a worrying increase in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases towards different stages of heart failure (HF), as a stigma of the western lifestyle. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), non-coding RNAs, which are approximately 22-nucleotide long, were shown to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play a role in the pathogenesis and progression of HF. miRNAs research is of high interest nowadays, as these molecules display mechanisms of action that can influence the course of evolution of common chronic diseases, including HF. The potential of post-transcriptional regulation by miRNAs concerning the diagnosis, management, and therapy for HF represents a new promising approach in the accurate assessment of cardiovascular diseases. This review aims to assess the current knowledge of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases, especially right-sided heart failure and hepatomegaly. Moreover, attention is focused on their role as potential molecular biomarkers and more promising aspects involving miRNAs as future therapeutic targets in the pathophysiology of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu
- Department of Cardiology I, Central Military Emergency University Hospital Dr. Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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24
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Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) constitute a high-risk phenotype with significant morbidity and mortality and poor prognosis. Multiple proinflammatory comorbid conditions influence the pathogenesis of HFpEF and CKD. Renal dysfunction in HFpEF is a consequence of the complex interplay between hemodynamic factors, systemic congestion, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurohormonal mechanisms. In contrast to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, there is a dearth of effective targeted therapies for HFpEF. Tailoring study design toward the different phenotypes and delving into their pathophysiology may be fruitful in development of effective phenotype-specific targeted pharmaceutical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula G Ananthram
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Stephen S Gottlieb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Maryland, 110 South Paca Street, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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25
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Sileno S, Beji S, D'Agostino M, Carassiti A, Melillo G, Magenta A. microRNAs involved in psoriasis and cardiovascular diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 3:R49-R68. [PMID: 34291190 PMCID: PMC8284950 DOI: 10.1530/vb-21-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the skin. Both genetic and environmental factors play a pathogenic role in psoriasis and contribute to the severity of the disease. Psoriasis, in fact, has been associated with different comorbidities such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gastrointestinal or kidney diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cerebrovascular diseases (CeVD). Indeed, life expectancy in severe psoriasis is reduced by up to 5 years due to CVD and CeVD. Moreover, patients with severe psoriasis have a higher prevalence of traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, and hypertension. Further, systemic inflammation is associated with oxidative stress increase and induces endothelial damage and atherosclerosis progression. Different miRNA have been already described in psoriasis, both in the skin tissues and in the blood flow, to play a role in the progression of disease. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the most important miRNAs that play a role in psoriasis and are also linked to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sileno
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Beji
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco D'Agostino
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Carassiti
- Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IDI-IRCCS, Experimental Immunology Laboratory Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Melillo
- Unit of Cardiology, IDI-IRCCS, Via Monti di Creta, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Magenta
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Rome, Italy
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26
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Jenike AE, Halushka MK. miR-21: a non-specific biomarker of all maladies. Biomark Res 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33712063 PMCID: PMC7953557 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-21 is among the most abundant and highly conserved microRNAs (miRNAs) recognized. It is expressed in essentially all cells where it performs vital regulatory roles in health and disease. It is also frequently claimed to be a biomarker of diseases such as cancer and heart disease in bodily-fluid based miRNA studies. Here we dissociate its contributions to cellular physiology and pathology from its potential as a biomarker. We show how it has been claimed as a specific predictive or prognostic biomarker by at least 29 diseases. Thus, it has no specificity to any one disease. As a result, it should not be considered a viable candidate to be a biomarker, despite its continued evaluation as such. This theme of multiple assignments of a miRNA as a biomarker is shared with other common, ubiquitous miRNAs and should be concerning for them as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Jenike
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Bldg. Rm 632B, 720 Rutland Avenue, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Ross Bldg. Rm 632B, 720 Rutland Avenue, MD, 21205, Baltimore, USA.
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27
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Zhou LY, Lin SN, Rieder F, Chen MH, Zhang SH, Mao R. Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Intestinal Fibrosis of Crohn's Disease: The Path From Bench to Bedside. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:971-982. [PMID: 33324986 PMCID: PMC8344842 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major pathway to organ injury and failure, accounting for more than one-third of deaths worldwide. Intestinal fibrosis causes irreversible and serious clinical complications, such as strictures and obstruction, secondary to a complex pathogenesis. Under the stimulation of profibrotic soluble factors, excessive activation of mesenchymal cells causes extracellular matrix deposition via canonical transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling or other pathways (eg, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition) in intestinal fibrogenesis. In recent studies, the importance of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) stands out in fibrotic diseases in that ncRNAs exhibit a remarkable variety of biological functions in modulating the aforementioned fibrogenic responses. In this review, we summarize the role of ncRNAs, including the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs, in intestinal fibrogenesis. Notably, the translational potential of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of intestinal fibrosis is discussed based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs. The main points of this review include the following: • Characteristics of ncRNAs and mechanisms of intestinal fibrogenesis • Wide participation of ncRNAs (especially the emerging long ncRNAs and circular RNAs) in intestinal fibrosis, including transforming growth factor-β signaling, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition/endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling • Translational potential of ncRNAs in the diagnosis and treatment of intestinal fibrosis based on clinical trials from fibrotic diseases in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-Nan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Min-Hu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA,Address correspondence to: Ren Mao, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH (); and Sheng-Hong Zhang, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2nd, Guangzhou 510080, People’s Republic of China ()
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28
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Differential Role of Circulating microRNAs to Track Progression and Pre-Symptomatic Stage of Chronic Heart Failure: A Pilot Study. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120597. [PMID: 33322648 PMCID: PMC7764340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
(1)Background: Chronic heart failure (CHF) contributes to the overall burden of cardiovascular disease. Early identification of at-risk individuals may facilitate the targeting of precision therapies. Plasma microRNAs are promising circulating biomarkers for their implications with cardiac pathologies. In this pilot study, we investigate the possible exploitability of circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs) to track chronic heart failure (CHF) occurrence, and progression from NYHA class I to IV. (2)Methods: We screened 367 microRNAs using TaqMan microRNA Arrays in plasma samples from healthy controls (HC) and CHF NYHA-class I-to-IV patients (5/group). Validation was performed by singleplex assays on 10 HC and 61 CHF subjects. Differences in the expression of validated microRNAs were evaluated through analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Associations between N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) or peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak) and plasma microRNA were assessed by multivariable linear regression analysis. (3)Results: Twelve microRNAs showed higher expression in CHF patients vs. HC. Seven microRNAs were associated with NT-proBNP concentration; of these, miR-423-5p was also an independent predictor of LVEDV. Moreover, miR-499-5p was a predictor of the VO2 peak. Finally, a cluster of 5 miRNAs discriminated New York Heart Association (NYHA) class-I from HC subjects. (4)Conclusions: Our data suggest that circulating miRNAs have the potential to serve as pathophysiology-based markers of HF status and progression, and as indicators of pre-symptomatic individuals.
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29
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Videira RF, da Costa Martins PA, Falcão-Pires I. Non-Coding RNAs as Blood-Based Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239285. [PMID: 33291434 PMCID: PMC7730567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2020, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, contributing to the burden of the already overloaded health system. Late or incorrect diagnosis of patients with CVDs compromises treatment efficiency and patient's outcome. Diagnosis of CVDs could be facilitated by detection of blood-based biomarkers that reliably reflect the current condition of the heart. In the last decade, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) present on human biofluids including serum, plasma, and blood have been reported as potential biomarkers for CVDs. This paper reviews recent studies that focus on the use of ncRNAs as biomarkers of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Figuinha Videira
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.F.V.); (P.A.d.C.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula A. da Costa Martins
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (R.F.V.); (P.A.d.C.M.)
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- Cardiovascular Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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30
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Florio MC, Magenta A, Beji S, Lakatta EG, Capogrossi MC. Aging, MicroRNAs, and Heart Failure. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 45:100406. [PMID: 30704792 PMCID: PMC10544917 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for heart failure, one of the leading causes of death in Western society. The mechanisms that underlie the different forms of heart failure have been elucidated only in part and the role of noncoding RNAs is still poorly characterized. Specifically, microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs that can modulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level in all cells, including myocardial and vascular cells, have been shown to play a role in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. In contrast, miRNAs role in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the predominant form of heart failure in the elderly, is still unknown. In this review, we will focus on age-dependent miRNAs in heart failure and on some other conditions that are prevalent in the elderly and are frequently associated with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Li D, Mao C, Zhou E, You J, Gao E, Han Z, Fan Y, He Q, Wang C. MicroRNA-21 Mediates a Positive Feedback on Angiotensin II-Induced Myofibroblast Transformation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1007-1020. [PMID: 33273841 PMCID: PMC7708310 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s285714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Post myocardial infarction (MI) fibrosis has been identified as an important factor in the progression of heart failure. Previous studies have revealed that microRNA-21 (miR-21) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of miR-21 in post-MI cardiac fibrosis. Material and Methods MI was established in wild-type (WT) and miR-21 knockout (KO) mice. Primary mice cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from WT and miR-21 KO mice and were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) or Sprouty1 (Spry1) siRNA. Histological analysis and echocardiography were used to determine the extent of fibrosis and cardiac function. Results Compared with WT mice, miR-21 KO mice displayed smaller fibrotic areas and decreased expression of fibrotic markers and inflammatory cytokines. In parallel, Ang II-induced myofibroblasts transformation was partially inhibited upon miR-21 KO in primary CFs. Mechanistically, we found that the expression of Spry1, a previously reported target of miR-21, was markedly increased in miR-21 KO mice post MI, further inhibiting ERK1/2 activation. In vitro studies showed that Ang II activated ERK1/2/TGF-β/Smad2/3 pathway. Phosphorylated Smad2/3 further enhanced the expression of α-SMA and FAP and may promote the maturation of miR-21, thereby downregulating Spry1. Additionally, these effects of miR-21 KO on fibrosis were reversed by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Spry1. Conclusion Our findings suggest that miR-21 promotes post-MI fibrosis by targeting Spry1. Furthermore, it mediates a positive feedback on Ang II, thereby inducing the ERK/TGF-β/Smad pathway. Therefore, targeting the miR-21–Spry1 axis may be a promising therapeutic option for ameliorating post-MI cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjiu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - En Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayin You
- Department of Emergency, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, People's Republic of China
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Ding Y, Wang Y, Zhang W, Jia Q, Wang X, Li Y, Lv S, Zhang J. Roles of Biomarkers in Myocardial Fibrosis. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1157-1174. [PMID: 33014530 PMCID: PMC7505259 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is observed in various cardiovascular diseases and plays a key role in the impairment of cardiac function. Endomyocardial biopsy, as the gold standard for the diagnosis of myocardial fibrosis, has limitations in terms of clinical application. Therefore, biomarkers have been recommended for noninvasive assessment of myocardial fibrosis. This review discusses the role of biomarkers in myocardial fibrosis from the perspective of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejia Ding
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Wanqin Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qiujin Jia
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- 3Qian'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qian'an 064400, China
| | - Yanyang Li
- 4Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Shichao Lv
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.,2Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Junping Zhang
- 1First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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Saheera S, Potnuri AG, Krishnamurthy P. Nano-Vesicle (Mis)Communication in Senescence-Related Pathologies. Cells 2020; 9:E1974. [PMID: 32859053 PMCID: PMC7564330 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a heterogeneous group of cell-derived membranous structures comprising of exosomes, apoptotic bodies, and microvesicles. Of the extracellular vesicles, exosomes are the most widely sorted and extensively explored for their contents and function. The size of the nanovesicular structures (exosomes) range from 30 to 140 nm and are present in various biological fluids such as saliva, plasma, urine etc. These cargo-laden extracellular vesicles arise from endosome-derived multivesicular bodies and are known to carry proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes are involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including cellular senescence. Exosomes mediate signaling crosstalk and play a critical role in cell-cell communications. Exosomes have evolved as potential biomarkers for aging-related diseases. Aging, a physiological process, involves a progressive decline of function of organs with a loss of homeostasis and increasing probability of illness and death. The review focuses on the classic view of exosome biogenesis, biology, and age-associated changes. Owing to their ability to transport biological information among cells, the review also discusses the interplay of senescent cell-derived exosomes with the aging process, including the susceptibility of the aging population to COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherin Saheera
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Ajay Godwin Potnuri
- Department of Animal Physiology, Indian Council for Medical Research—National Animal Resource Facility for Biomedical Research, Genome Valley, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, Telangana 500078, India;
| | - Prasanna Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1675 University Blvd, Volker Hall G094, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Jiang P, Cai J, Fu Q, Li X, Li Z. Ultrasonic cardiogram and MiRNA-21 analysis of cardiac dysfunction in patients with cardiac arrest following cardiopulmonary resuscitation. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 190:105284. [PMID: 32018074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore correlations between the serum level of miRNA-21 expression and cardiac dysfunction severity after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) using ultrasonic cardiogram. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with cardiopulmonary arrest receiving successful CPR and forty-one healthy participants were recruited in the study. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunochemiluminometric assays was used to examine the serum miRNA-21 level and the concentration of cardiac troponins T and I, respectively. Indices of Electrocardiogram (ECG) and cardiac dysfunction measured by ultrasound of patients in the case group were used to assess cardiac function after CPR. Furthermore, the correlation between the serum level of miRNA-21 expression and severity of cardiac dysfunction was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS As compared to the control group, the serum level of miRNA-21 expression, as well as cardiac troponin T and I levels in the case group were significantly higher (p = 0.000). The miRNA-21 expression level in the patients at IV grade of cardiac function were substantially higher than patients at III grade (p = 0.015). There was no significant difference in level of cardiac troponins T and I between patients at III grade and patients at IV grade (p > 0.05). Further, Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the level of miRNA-21 expression was negatively correlated with cardiac function index in the ultrasound imaging: E peak, E/A value, LVEF and LVEDD (r = 0.617, 0.535, 0.612, 0.573, P = 0.012, 0.009, 0.008, 0.011), but was positively correlated with the level of cardiac troponins T and I (r = 0.546,0.582, P = 0.006,0.007) and the severity of cardiac dysfunction (r = 0.859, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The level of miRNA-21 is higher after CPR is closely related to the severity of cardiac dysfunction that is measured by ultrasound, suggesting that it may serve as a potential biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Emergency. Shenzhen Longhua District Center Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, PR China
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, PR China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, PR China
| | - Jiachen Cai
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, PR China
| | - Qiuhong Fu
- Department of Emergency. Shenzhen Longhua District Center Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, PR China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, PR China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, PR China.
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Jan MI, Ali T, Ishtiaq A, Mushtaq I, Murtaza I. Prospective Advances in Non-coding RNAs Investigation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1229:385-426. [PMID: 32285426 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-1671-9_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play significant roles in numerous physiological cellular processes and molecular alterations during pathological conditions including heart diseases, cancer, immunological disorders and neurological diseases. This chapter is focusing on the basis of ncRNA relation with their functions and prospective advances in non-coding RNAs particularly miRNAs investigation in the cardiovascular disease management.The field of ncRNAs therapeutics is a very fascinating and challenging too. Scientists have opportunity to develop more advanced therapeutics as well as diagnostic approaches for cardiovascular conditions. Advanced studies are critically needed to deepen the understanding of the molecular biology, mechanism and modulation of ncRNAs and chemical formulations for managing CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ishtiaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Mushtaq
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Signal Transduction Laboratory, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Meta-Analysis of the Potential Role of miRNA-21 in Cardiovascular System Function Monitoring. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4525410. [PMID: 32337248 PMCID: PMC7150722 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4525410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short and noncoding RNA fragments that bind to the messenger RNA. They have different roles in many physiological or pathological processes. MicroRNA-21, one of the first miRNAs discovered, is encoded by the MIR21 gene and is located on the chromosomal positive strand 17q23.2. MicroRNA-21 is transcribed by polymerase II and has its own promoter sequence, although it is in an intron. It is intra- and extracellular and can be found in many body fluids, alone or combined with another molecule. It regulates many signalling pathways and therefore plays an important role in the cardiovascular system. Indeed, it is involved in the differentiation and migration of endothelial cells and angiogenesis. It contributes to the reconstruction of a myocardial infarction, and it can also act as a cellular connector or as an antagonist to cardiac cell apoptosis. By playing all these roles, it can be interesting to use it as a biomarker, especially for cardiovascular diseases.
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Sex-Specific Regulation of miR-29b in the Myocardium Under Pressure Overload is Associated with Differential Molecular, Structural and Functional Remodeling Patterns in Mice and Patients with Aortic Stenosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040833. [PMID: 32235655 PMCID: PMC7226763 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) induces an adverse remodeling of the left ventricle (LV) in a sex-specific manner. We assessed whether a sex-specific miR-29b dysregulation underlies this sex-biased remodeling pattern, as has been described in liver fibrosis. We studied mice with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and patients with AS. miR-29b was determined in the LV (mice, patients) and plasma (patients). Expression of remodeling-related markers and histological fibrosis were determined in mouse LV. Echocardiographic morpho-functional parameters were evaluated at baseline and post-TAC in mice, and preoperatively and 1 year after aortic valve replacement (AVR) in patients with AS. In mice, miR-29b LV regulation was opposite in TAC-males (down-regulation) and TAC-females (up-regulation). The subsequent changes in miR-29b targets (collagens and GSK-3β) revealed a remodeling pattern that was more fibrotic in males but more hypertrophic in females. Both systolic and diastolic cardiac functions deteriorated more in TAC-females, thus suggesting a detrimental role of miR-29b in females, but was protective in the LV under pressure overload in males. Clinically, miR-29b in controls and patients with AS reproduced most of the sexually dimorphic features observed in mice. In women with AS, the preoperative plasma expression of miR-29b paralleled the severity of hypertrophy and was a significant negative predictor of reverse remodeling after AVR; therefore, it may have potential value as a prognostic biomarker.
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Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhao W, Fu G, Li Q, Min X, Guo Y. Circulating miRNA-21 as a diagnostic biomarker in elderly patients with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4894. [PMID: 32184430 PMCID: PMC7078306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61836-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs have attracted attention as serum biomarkers for several diseases. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating miRNA-21 (miR-21) as a novel biomarker for elderly patients with type 2 cardiorenal syndrome (CRS-2). A total of 157 elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) were recruited for the study. According to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) cut-off of 60 ml/min/1.73 m2, 84 patients (53.5%) and 73 patients (46.5%) were assigned to the CRS group and the CHF group, respectively. Expression levels of serum miR-21 and biomarkers for CRS, such as kidney injury factor-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-related apolipoprotein (NGAL), cystatin C (Cys C), amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), N-acetyl-κ-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), were detected. Serum miR-21, KIM-1, NGAL, Cys C, NT-proBNP and H-FABP levels were significantly higher in the CRS group than in the CHF group (P < 0.01), whereas NAG expression was not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Cys C, H-FABP and eGFR correlated significantly with miR-21 expression, but correlations with miR-21 were not significant for NT-proBNP, NGAL, NAG and KIM-1. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression found that serum miR-21, increased serum Cys C, serum KIM-1, hyperlipidaemia and ejection fraction (EF) were independent influencing factors for CRS (P < 0.05). The AUC of miR-21 based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.749, with a sensitivity of 55.95% and a specificity of 84.93%. Furthermore, combining miR-21 with Cys C enhanced the AUC to 0.902, with a sensitivity of 88.1% and a specificity of 83.6% (P < 0.001). Our findings suggest that circulating miR-21 has medium diagnostic value in CRS-2. The combined assessment of miR-21 and Cys C has good clinical value in elderly patients with CRS-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yi Liang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Hebei Medical University, major in Cardiovascular Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - WenJun Zhao
- Hebei Medical University, major in Cardiovascular Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of International Medical, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - GuangPing Fu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Department of Forensic Medical, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - QingQuan Li
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - XuChen Min
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - YiFang Guo
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Yang P, Dong X, Zhang Y. MicroRNA profiles in plasma samples from young metabolically healthy obese patients and miRNA-21 are associated with diastolic dysfunction via TGF-β1/Smad pathway. J Clin Lab Anal 2020; 34:e23246. [PMID: 32108968 PMCID: PMC7307369 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolically healthy obese patients accounts for a large part of obese population, but its clinical significance and cardiac dysfunction are often underestimated. The microRNA profiles of metabolically healthy obese patients were investigated in the study, and the selected microRNA (miRNA) based on our microarray assay will be further verified in a relatively large metabolically healthy obese population. Methods microRNA microarray was performed from six metabolically healthy obese and 6 health control blood samples. Based on the bioinformatics analysis, we further measured RT‐PCR, fibrosis markers, echocardiograms, and TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in 600 metabolically healthy obese population. Results We found that miRNAs expression characteristics in metabolically healthy obese groups were markedly different from healthy control group. MiRNA‐21 was significantly increased in the samples of metabolically healthy obese patients. Besides, miRNA‐21 levels were associated with cardiac fibrosis marker. Meanwhile, higher miRNA‐21 levels were related to elevated E/E′. Besides, patients with the highest miRNA‐21 quartile showed the lowest ratio of E/A. These associations between miRNA‐21 and diastolic function parameters were independent of obesity and other confounding variables. Of note, TGF‐β1and Smad 3 were significantly upregulated while Smad 7 was downregulated according to the miRNA‐21 quartiles in metabolically healthy obese group. Conclusions We demonstrated the profiles of circulating microRNAs in metabolically healthy obese patients. Increased plasma miRNA‐21 levels were related to impaired diastolic function independent of other relevant confounding variables. MiRNA‐21 could be one of the mechanistic links between obesity and diastolic dysfunction through regulating cardiac fibrosis via TGF‐β1/Smad signaling pathway in obese hearts, which may serve as a novel target of disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkang Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.4 hospital, Xi'an, China.,Health Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xi'an No.1 hospital, Xi'an, China
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Magenta A, Lorde R, Syed SB, Capogrossi MC, Puca A, Madeddu P. Molecular therapies delaying cardiovascular aging: disease- or health-oriented approaches. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R45-R58. [PMID: 32923974 PMCID: PMC7439942 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a new therapeutic modality that aims to mend tissue damage by encouraging the reconstitution of physiological integrity. It represents an advancement over conventional therapies that allow reducing the damage but result in disease chronicization. Age-related decline in spontaneous capacity of repair, especially in organs like the heart that have very limited proliferative capacity, contributes in reducing the benefit of conventional therapy. ncRNAs are emerging as key epigenetic regulators of cardiovascular regeneration. Inhibition or replacement of miRNAs may offer reparative solutions to cardiovascular disease. The first part of this review article is devoted to illustrating novel therapies emerging from research on miRNAs. In the second part, we develop new therapeutic concepts emerging from genetics of longevity. Prolonged survival, as in supercentenarians, denotes an exceptional capacity to repair and cope with risk factors and diseases. These characteristics are shared with offspring, suggesting that the regenerative phenotype is heritable. New evidence indicates that genetic traits responsible for prolongation of health span in humans can be passed to and benefit the outcomes of animal models of cardiovascular disease. Genetic studies have also focused on determinants of accelerated senescence and related druggable targets. Evolutionary genetics assessing the genetic basis of adaptation and comparing successful and unsuccessful genetic changes in response to selection within populations represent a powerful basis to develop novel therapies aiming to prolong cardiovascular and whole organism health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reggio Lorde
- Bristol Medical School (Translational Health Sciences), Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sunayana Begum Syed
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Annibale Puca
- Ageing Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, 'Scuola Medica Salernitana' University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Medical School (Translational Health Sciences), Bristol Heart Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Felekkis K, Papaneophytou C. Challenges in Using Circulating Micro-RNAs as Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020561. [PMID: 31952319 PMCID: PMC7013987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in the development and physiology of the cardiovascular system while they have been associated with multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Several cardiac miRNAs are detectable in circulation (circulating miRNAs; c-miRNAs) and are emerging as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for CVDs. c-miRNAs exhibit numerous essential characteristics of biomarkers while they are extremely stable in circulation, their expression is tissue-/disease-specific, and they can be easily detected using sequence-specific amplification methods. These features of c-miRNAs are helpful in the development of non-invasive assays to monitor the progress of CVDs. Despite significant progress in the detection of c-miRNAs in serum and plasma, there are many contradictory publications on the alterations of cardiac c-miRNAs concentration in circulation. The aim of this review is to examine the pre-analytical and analytical factors affecting the quantification of c-miRNAs and provide general guidelines to increase the accuracy of the diagnostic tests in order to improve future research on cardiac c-miRNAs.
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Wimmer K, Sachet M, Oehler R. Circulating biomarkers of cell death. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:87-97. [PMID: 31655053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous disease states are associated with cell death. For many decades, apoptosis and accidental necrosis have been assumed to be the two ways how a cell can die. The recent discovery of additional cell death processes such as necroptosis, ferroptosis or pyroptosis revealed a complex interplay between cell death mechanisms and diseases. Depending on the particular cell death pathway, cells secrete distinct molecular patterns, which differ between cell death types. This review focusses on released molecules, detectable in the blood flow, and their potential role as circulating biomarkers of cell death. We elucidate the molecular background of different biomarkers and give an overview on their correlation with disease stage, therapy response and prognosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Wimmer
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Sachet
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Oehler
- Department of Surgery and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Nonaka CKV, Macêdo CT, Cavalcante BRR, Alcântara ACD, Silva DN, Bezerra MDR, Caria ACI, Tavora FRF, Neto JDDS, Noya-Rabelo MM, Rogatto SR, Ribeiro Dos Santos R, Souza BSDF, Soares MBP. Circulating miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers Associated with Cardiac Remodeling and Fibrosis in Chagas Disease Cardiomyopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4064. [PMID: 31434314 PMCID: PMC6721092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) affects approximately 6-7 million people worldwide, from which 30% develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC), usually after being asymptomatic for years. Currently available diagnostic methods are capable of adequately identifying infected patients, but do not provide information regarding the individual risk of developing the most severe form of the disease. The identification of biomarkers that predict the progression from asymptomatic or indeterminate form to CCC, may guide early implementation of pharmacological therapy. Here, six circulating microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-29b-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-199b-5p and miR-208a-3p) were evaluated and compared among patients with CCC (n = 28), CD indeterminate form (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 10). MiR-19a-3p, miR-21-5p, and miR-29b-3p were differentially expressed in CCC patients when compared to indeterminate form, showing a positive correlation with cardiac dysfunction, functional class, and fibrosis, and a negative correlation with ejection fraction and left ventricular strain. Cardiac tissue analysis confirmed increased expression of microRNAs in CCC patients. In vitro studies using human cells indicated the involvement of these microRNAs in the processes of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Our study suggests that miRNAs are involved in the process of cardiac fibrosis and remodeling presented in CD and indicate a group of miRNAs as potential biomarkers of disease progression in CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carolina Thé Macêdo
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- Department of Cardiology, São Rafael Hospital, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
| | - Bruno Raphael Ribeiro Cavalcante
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Nascimento Silva
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Cleber Improta Caria
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, UFBA, 40231-300 Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Hospital, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza
- Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, 41253-190 Salvador, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22281-100 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, 40296-710 Salvador, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kinser HE, Pincus Z. MicroRNAs as modulators of longevity and the aging process. Hum Genet 2019; 139:291-308. [PMID: 31297598 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally repress translation or induce mRNA degradation of target transcripts through sequence-specific binding. miRNAs target hundreds of transcripts to regulate diverse biological pathways and processes, including aging. Many microRNAs are differentially expressed during aging, generating interest in their use as aging biomarkers and roles as regulators of the aging process. In the invertebrates Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, a number of miRNAs have been found to both positive and negatively modulate longevity through canonical aging pathways. Recent studies have also shown that miRNAs regulate age-associated processes and pathologies in a diverse array of mammalian tissues, including brain, heart, bone, and muscle. The review will present an overview of these studies, highlighting the role of individual miRNAs as biomarkers of aging and regulators of longevity and tissue-specific aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly E Kinser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Zachary Pincus
- Department of Developmental Biology and Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA.
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Al-Hayali MA, Sozer V, Durmus S, Erdenen F, Altunoglu E, Gelisgen R, Atukeren P, Atak PG, Uzun H. Clinical Value of Circulating Microribonucleic Acids miR-1 and miR-21 in Evaluating the Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure in Asymptomatic Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9050193. [PMID: 31109008 PMCID: PMC6571732 DOI: 10.3390/biom9050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether the circulating miR-1 (microRNA-1) and miR-21 expression might be used in the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) and silent coronary artery disease (SCAD) in asymptomatic type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to explore the relationship of these miRs with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and galectin-3. One hundred thirty-five consecutive patients with T2DM and 45 matched control subjects were enrolled in the study. This study consisted of the following four groups: control group (mean age: 60.23 ± 6.27 years, female/male (F/M): 23/22); diabetic group (DM) (mean age: 61.50 ± 5.08, F/M: 23/22); DM + SCAD group (mean age: 61.61 ± 6.02, F/M: 20/25); and DM + acute HF group (mean age: 62.07 ± 5.26 years, F/M: 20/25). miR-1 was downregulated in the DM, CAD + DM and HF + DM groups by 0.54, 0.54, and 0.12 fold as compared with controls, respectively. The miR-1 levels were significantly lower in HF + DM than DM with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001); and in patients with CAD + DM group with 0.22 fold changes (p < 0.001). Similarly, miR-21 was overexpressed in patients with DM, CAD + DM, and HF + DM with 1.30, 1.79 and 2.21 fold changes as compared with controls, respectively. An interesting finding is that the miR-21 expression was significantly higher in the HF + DM group as compared with the CAD + DM group; miR-1 was negatively correlated with NT-proBNP (r = −0.891, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = −0.886, p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group; and miR-21 showed a strongly positive correlation with (r = 0.734, p < 0.001) and galectin-3 (r = 0.764. p < 0.001) in the HF + DM group. These results suggest that the circulating decreased miR-1 and increased miR-21 expression are associated with NT-proBNP and galectin-3 levels in acute HF + DM. Especially the miR-21 expression might be useful in predicting the onset of acute HF in asymptomatic T2DM patients. The miR-21 expression is more valuable than the miR-1 expression in predicting cardiovascular events of acute HF and the combined analysis of miR-21 expression, galectin-3, and NT-proBNP can increase the predictive value of miR-21 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaa Abdalmutaleb Al-Hayali
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey.
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine, Mosul University, Mosul 09334, Iraq.
| | - Volkan Sozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul 34220, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Durmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Fusun Erdenen
- Istanbul Training and research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Esma Altunoglu
- Istanbul Training and research Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Remise Gelisgen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Pınar Atukeren
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
| | - Palmet Gun Atak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul 34394, Turkey.
| | - Hafize Uzun
- Department of Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey.
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46
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Fibrosis miocárdica: hacia una nueva aproximación. REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE CARDIOLOGÍA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rccar.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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47
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YANG K, HU X. [Research progress on miR-21 in heart diseases]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2019; 48:214-218. [PMID: 31309761 PMCID: PMC8800808 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2019.04.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pathological processes such as myocardial apoptosis, cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiac electrical remodeling are involved in the development and progression of most cardiac diseases. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) has been found to play an important role in heart diseases as a novel type of endogenous regulators, which can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improve hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy, promote myocardial fibrosis and atrial electrical remodeling. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the function of miR-21 in heart diseases and its mechanism, and discuss its potential application in diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaosheng HU
- 胡晓晟(1970-), 女, 博士, 主任医师, 硕士生导师, 主要从事心脏起搏与心电生理学研究, E-mail:
,
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4025-7068
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48
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Manning P, Munasinghe PE, Bellae Papannarao J, Gray AR, Sutherland W, Katare R. Acute Weight Loss Restores Dysregulated Circulating MicroRNAs in Individuals Who Are Obese. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1239-1248. [PMID: 30383229 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is a global epidemic and an independent risk factor for several diseases. miRNAs are gaining interest as early molecular regulators of various pathological processes. OBJECTIVE To examine the miRNA signatures in women who are obese and determine the response of miRNAs to acute weight loss. METHODS Plasma samples were collected from women who are obese (n = 80) before and after acute weight loss (mean, 7.2%). Plasma samples from age-matched lean volunteers (n = 80) were used as controls. Total RNA was extracted from the plasma samples and subjected to NanoString analysis of 822 miRNAs. The expression level of candidate miRNAs was validated in all participants using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. RESULTS NanoString analysis identified substantial dysregulation of 21 miRNAs in women who are obese that were associated with impaired glucose tolerance, senescence, cardiac hypertrophy, angiogenesis, inflammation, and cell death. Acute weight loss reversed the expression pattern of 18 of these miRNAs toward those seen in the lean control group. Furthermore, real-time PCR validation of all the samples for 13 miRNAs with at least twofold upregulation or downregulation confirmed substantial dysregulation of all the chosen miRNAs in women who are obese at baseline. After acute weight loss, the levels of seven miRNAs in women who are obese and who are lean were comparable, with no statistically significant evidence for differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Our study has provided evidence that the circulating miRNAs associated with various disorders are dysregulated in women who are obese. We also found that seven of these miRNAs showed levels comparable to those in lean controls after acute weight loss in women who are obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Manning
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Pujika Emani Munasinghe
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jayanthi Bellae Papannarao
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew R Gray
- Biostatistics Unit, Dunedin School of Medicine, Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Sutherland
- Department of Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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49
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Halushka PV, Goodwin AJ, Halushka MK. Opportunities for microRNAs in the Crowded Field of Cardiovascular Biomarkers. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 14:211-238. [PMID: 30332561 PMCID: PMC6442682 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012418-012827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases exist across all developed countries. Biomarkers that can predict or diagnose diseases early in their pathogeneses can reduce their morbidity and mortality in afflicted individuals. microRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that modulate translation and have been identified as potential fluid-based biomarkers across numerous maladies. We describe the current state of cardiovascular disease biomarkers across a range of diseases, including myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, hypertension, heart failure, heart transplantation, aortic stenosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, and sepsis. We present the current understanding of microRNAs as possible biomarkers in these categories and where their best opportunities exist to enter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry V Halushka
- Department of Pharmacology, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA;
- Department of Medicine, South Carolina Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
| | - Andrew J Goodwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA;
| | - Marc K Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA;
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50
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McAloon CJ, Barwari T, Hu J, Hamborg T, Nevill A, Hyndman S, Ansell V, Musa A, Jones J, Goodby J, Banerjee P, O'Hare P, Mayr M, Randeva H, Osman F. Characterisation of circulating biomarkers before and after cardiac resynchronisation therapy and their role in predicting CRT response: the COVERT-HF study. Open Heart 2018; 5:e000899. [PMID: 30364565 PMCID: PMC6196945 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2018-000899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) is effective treatment for selected patients with heart failure (HF) but has ~30% non-response rate. We evaluated whether specific biomarkers can predict outcome. Methods A prospective single-centre pilot study of consecutive unselected patients undergoing CRT for HF between November 2013 and December 2015 evaluating cardiac extracellular matrix biomarkers and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression before and after CRT assessing ability to predict functional response and survival. Each underwent three assessments (pre-implant, 6 weeks and 6 months postimplant) including: New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, echocardiography, electrocardiography, 6 min walk test (6MWT), Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP). Plasma markers of cardiac fibrosis assessed were: N-terminal pro-peptides of collagen I and III, collagen I C-terminal telopeptides (CTx) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) as well as a panel of miRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-30d, miRNA-122, miRNA-133a, miRNA-210 and miRNA-486). Results A total of 52 patients were recruited; mean age (±SD) was 72.4±9.4 years; male=43 (82.7%), ischaemic aetiology=30 (57.7%), mean QRS duration=166.4±23.5 ms, left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology = 39 (75.0%), mean NYHA=2.7±0.6, 6MWT=238.8±130.6 m, MLHFQ=46.4±21.3 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)=24.3%±8.0%. Mean follow-up=1.7±0.3 and 5.8±0.7 months. There were 27 (55.1%) functional responders (3 no definable 6-month response; 2 missed assessments and 1 long-term lead displacement). No marker predicted response, however, CTx and LBBB trended most towards predicting functional response. Conclusion No specific biomarkers reached significance for predicting functional response to CRT. CTx showed a trend towards predicting response and warrants further study. Trial registration number NCT02541773.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J McAloon
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Temo Barwari
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jimiao Hu
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Thomas Hamborg
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Samantha Hyndman
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Valerie Ansell
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Anntoniette Musa
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Julie Jones
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Julie Goodby
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
| | - Prithwish Banerjee
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Coventry, Coventry, UK
| | - Paul O'Hare
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Harpal Randeva
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Faizel Osman
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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