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Lin J, Chen X, Li Y, Yu L, Chen Y, Zhang B. A dual-targeting therapeutic nanobubble for imaging-guided atherosclerosis treatment. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101037. [PMID: 38586870 PMCID: PMC10995877 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that seriously endangers human health. Low shear stress (LSS) is recognized as a vital factor in causing chronic inflammatory and further inducing the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Targeting imaging and treatment are of substantial significance for the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis. On this ground, a kind of ultrasound (US) imaging-guided therapeutic polymer nanobubbles (NBs) with dual targeting of magnetism and antibody was rationally designed and constructed for the efficiently treating LSS-mediated atherosclerosis. Under the combined targeting effect of an external magnetic field and antibodies, the drug-loaded therapeutic NBs can be effectively accumulated in the inflammatory area caused by LSS. Upon US irradiation, the NBs can be selectively disrupted, leading to the rapid release of the loaded drugs at the targeted site. Notably, the US irradiation generates a cavitation effect that induces repairable micro gaps in nearby cells, thereby enhancing the uptake of released drugs and further improving the therapeutic effect. The prominent US imaging, efficient anti-inflammatory effect and treatment outcome of LSS-mediated atherosclerosis had been verified in vivo on a surgically constructed LSS-atherosclerosis animal model. This work showcased the potential of the designed NBs with multifunctionality for in vivo imaging, dual-targeting, and drug delivery in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
| | - Luodan Yu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Institute of Thoracic Oncology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China
- Shanghai Institute of Materdicine, Shanghai, 200051, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, PR China
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2
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Medrano-Bosch M, Simón-Codina B, Jiménez W, Edelman ER, Melgar-Lesmes P. Monocyte-endothelial cell interactions in vascular and tissue remodeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196033. [PMID: 37483594 PMCID: PMC10360188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Monocytes are circulating leukocytes of innate immunity derived from the bone marrow that interact with endothelial cells under physiological or pathophysiological conditions to orchestrate inflammation, angiogenesis, or tissue remodeling. Monocytes are attracted by chemokines and specific receptors to precise areas in vessels or tissues and transdifferentiate into macrophages with tissue damage or infection. Adherent monocytes and infiltrated monocyte-derived macrophages locally release a myriad of cytokines, vasoactive agents, matrix metalloproteinases, and growth factors to induce vascular and tissue remodeling or for propagation of inflammatory responses. Infiltrated macrophages cooperate with tissue-resident macrophages during all the phases of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration. Substances released by infiltrated and resident macrophages serve not only to coordinate vessel and tissue growth but cellular interactions as well by attracting more circulating monocytes (e.g. MCP-1) and stimulating nearby endothelial cells (e.g. TNF-α) to expose monocyte adhesion molecules. Prolonged tissue accumulation and activation of infiltrated monocytes may result in alterations in extracellular matrix turnover, tissue functions, and vascular leakage. In this review, we highlight the link between interactions of infiltrating monocytes and endothelial cells to regulate vascular and tissue remodeling with a special focus on how these interactions contribute to pathophysiological conditions such as cardiovascular and chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Medrano-Bosch
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Blanca Simón-Codina
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elazer R. Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Pedro Melgar-Lesmes
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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3
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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4
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Araujo GSM, Silva TOC, Guerra GM, Izaias JE, Rocha HMN, Faria D, Rocha NG, Dalmazo AL, Araujo A, Marciano Consolim-Colombo F, de Angelis K, Irigoyen MCC, Sales ARK. Effects of Postprandial Lipemia Combined With Disturbed Blood Flow on the Flow-Mediated Dilation, Oxidative Stress, and Endothelial Microvesicles in Healthy Subjects. Front Physiol 2022; 13:812942. [PMID: 35283771 PMCID: PMC8907728 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.812942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Both postprandial lipemia (PPL) and disturbed blood flow (DBF) induce endothelial dysfunction. However, the interactive effect of these stimuli on endothelial function is currently unknown. In the present study, we tested whether PPL plus DBF causes a greater reduction in flow-mediated dilation (FMD) than PPL and if this response is associated with elevations in oxidative stress and endothelial microvesicles (EMVs). Methods Eighteen individuals (aged 28 ± 1yrs, 3 females, and BMI 24.43 ± 0.8kg/m2) randomly underwent two experimental sessions: PPL and PPL plus DBF. FMD and venous blood samples were obtained at baseline and 30, 70, and 110 min after stimulation. PPL was induced by fat overload via mozzarella pizza ingestion and DBF by forearm cuff inflation to 75 mm Hg per 30 min. Lipidic profile, oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS; ferric reducing/antioxidant power, FRAP; hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) and EMVs were measured in blood samples. Results Hypertriglyceridemia was observed in both sessions. Retrograde shear rate and oscillatory index responses were significantly higher in the PPL plus DBF compared with PPL. PPL plus DBF evoked a greater reduction in FMD than did PPL and EMVs, NADPH oxidase, and H2O2 similarly increased in both sessions, but TBARS and FRAP did not change. Conclusion These data indicate that the association of PPL plus DBF additively impairs endothelium-dependent function in 110 min after stimulus in healthy individuals, despite a similar increase in oxidative stress and EMVs. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms associated with the induced-endothelial dysfunction by association of PPL and DBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S. M. Araujo
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago O. C. Silva
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grazia M. Guerra
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João E. Izaias
- D’OR Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena M. N. Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Diego Faria
- D’OR Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia G. Rocha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Aline Lopes Dalmazo
- Cardiology Institute of Rio Grande do Sul/Cardiology University Foundation (IC-FUC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Araujo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Katia de Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. C. Irigoyen
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allan R. K. Sales
- D’OR Institute for Research and Education, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Allan R. K. Sales,
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5
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Haemmig S, Yang D, Sun X, Das D, Ghaffari S, Molinaro R, Chen L, Deng Y, Freeman D, Moullan N, Tesmenitsky Y, Wara AKMK, Simion V, Shvartz E, Lee JF, Yang T, Sukova G, Marto JA, Stone PH, Lee WL, Auwerx J, Libby P, Feinberg MW. Long noncoding RNA SNHG12 integrates a DNA-PK-mediated DNA damage response and vascular senescence. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/531/eaaw1868. [PMID: 32075942 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw1868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging regulators of biological processes in the vessel wall; however, their role in atherosclerosis remains poorly defined. We used RNA sequencing to profile lncRNAs derived specifically from the aortic intima of Ldlr -/- mice on a high-cholesterol diet during lesion progression and regression phases. We found that the evolutionarily conserved lncRNA small nucleolar host gene-12 (SNHG12) is highly expressed in the vascular endothelium and decreases during lesion progression. SNHG12 knockdown accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation by 2.4-fold in Ldlr -/- mice by increased DNA damage and senescence in the vascular endothelium, independent of effects on lipid profile or vessel wall inflammation. Conversely, intravenous delivery of SNHG12 protected the tunica intima from DNA damage and atherosclerosis. LncRNA pulldown in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis showed that SNHG12 interacted with DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), an important regulator of the DNA damage response. The absence of SNHG12 reduced the DNA-PK interaction with its binding partners Ku70 and Ku80, abrogating DNA damage repair. Moreover, the anti-DNA damage agent nicotinamide riboside (NR), a clinical-grade small-molecule activator of NAD+, fully rescued the increases in lesional DNA damage, senescence, and atherosclerosis mediated by SNHG12 knockdown. SNHG12 expression was also reduced in pig and human atherosclerotic specimens and correlated inversely with DNA damage and senescent markers. These findings reveal a role for this lncRNA in regulating DNA damage repair in the vessel wall and may have implications for chronic vascular disease states and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Haemmig
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinghui Sun
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Debapria Das
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Siavash Ghaffari
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Roberto Molinaro
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yihuan Deng
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dan Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Norman Moullan
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - A K M Khyrul Wara
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Viorel Simion
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eugenia Shvartz
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James F Lee
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tianlun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 0731 Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Galina Sukova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- The Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Departments of Cancer Biology and Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter H Stone
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mark W Feinberg
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Zhao J, Huangfu C, Chang Z, Zhou W, Grainger AT, Liu Z, Shi W. Inflammation and enhanced atherogenesis in the carotid artery with altered blood flow in an atherosclerosis-resistant mouse strain. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14829. [PMID: 34110700 PMCID: PMC8191400 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligation of the common carotid artery near its bifurcation in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/- ) mice leads to rapid atherosclerosis development, which is affected by genetic backgrounds. BALB/cJ (BALB) mice are resistant to atherosclerosis, developing much smaller aortic lesions than C57BL/6 (B6) mice. In this study, we examined cellular events leading to lesion formation in carotid arteries with or without blood flow restriction of B6 and BALB Apoe-/- mice. Blood flow was obstructed by ligating the left common carotid artery near its bifurcation in one group of mice, and other group received no surgical intervention. Without blood flow interruption, BALB-Apoe-/- mice formed much smaller atherosclerotic lesions than B6-Apoe-/- mice after 12 weeks of Western diet (3,325 ± 1,086 vs. 81,549 ± 9,983 µm2 /section; p = 2.1E-7). Lesions occurred at arterial bifurcations in both strains. When blood flow was obstructed, ligated carotid artery of both strains showed notable lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, and rapid plaque formation. Neutrophils and macrophages were observed in the arterial wall of BALB mice 3 days after ligation and 1 week after ligation in B6 mice. CD4 T cells were observed in intimal lesions of BALB but not B6 mice. By 4 weeks, both strains developed similar sizes of advanced lesions containing foam cells, smooth muscle cells, and neovessels. Atherosclerosis also occurred in straight regions of the contralateral common carotid artery where MCP-1 was abundantly expressed in the intima of BALB mice. These findings indicate that the disturbed blood flow is more prominent than high fat diet in promoting inflammation and atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic BALB mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhao
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chaoji Huangfu
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Western Theater Command, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Chang
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Andrew T Grainger
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weibin Shi
- Departments of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.,Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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7
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Hoogendoorn A, Kok AM, Hartman EMJ, de Nisco G, Casadonte L, Chiastra C, Coenen A, Korteland SA, Van der Heiden K, Gijsen FJH, Duncker DJ, van der Steen AFW, Wentzel JJ. Multidirectional wall shear stress promotes advanced coronary plaque development: comparing five shear stress metrics. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1136-1146. [PMID: 31504238 PMCID: PMC7177495 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Atherosclerotic plaque development has been associated with wall shear stress (WSS). However, the multidirectionality of blood flow, and thus of WSS, is rarely taken into account. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare five metrics that describe (multidirectional) WSS behaviour and assess how WSS multidirectionality affects coronary plaque initiation and progression. Methods and results Adult familial hypercholesterolaemic pigs (n = 10) that were fed a high-fat diet, underwent imaging of the three main coronary arteries at three-time points [3 (T1), 9 (T2), and 10–12 (T3) months]. Three-dimensional geometry of the arterial lumen, in combination with local flow velocity measurements, was used to calculate WSS at T1 and T2. For analysis, arteries were divided into 3 mm/45° sectors (n = 3648). Changes in wall thickness and final plaque composition were assessed with near-infrared spectroscopy–intravascular ultrasound, optical coherence tomography imaging, and histology. Both in pigs with advanced and mild disease, the highest plaque progression rate was exclusively found at low time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) or high multidirectional WSS regions at both T1 and T2. However, the eventually largest plaque growth was located in regions with initial low TAWSS or high multidirectional WSS that, over time, became exposed to high TAWSS or low multidirectional WSS at T2. Besides plaque size, also the presence of vulnerable plaque components at the last time point was related to low and multidirectional WSS. Almost all WSS metrics had good predictive values for the development of plaque (47–50%) and advanced fibrous cap atheroma (FCA) development (59–61%). Conclusion This study demonstrates that low and multidirectional WSS promote both initiation and progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. The high-predictive values of the multidirectional WSS metrics for FCA development indicate their potential as an additional clinical marker for the vulnerable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Hoogendoorn
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annette M Kok
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eline M J Hartman
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe de Nisco
- PoliToMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Casadonte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudio Chiastra
- PoliToMed Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriaan Coenen
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suze-Anne Korteland
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J H Gijsen
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J Wentzel
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author. Tel: +31 10 7044 044; fax: +31 10 7044 720, E-mail:
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8
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Simion V, Zhou H, Pierce JB, Yang D, Haemmig S, Tesmenitsky Y, Sukhova G, Stone PH, Libby P, Feinberg MW. LncRNA VINAS regulates atherosclerosis by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140627. [PMID: 33021969 PMCID: PMC7710319 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in regulating diverse cellular processes in the vessel wall, including atherosclerosis. RNA-Seq profiling of intimal lesions revealed a lncRNA, VINAS (Vascular INflammation and Atherosclerosis lncRNA Sequence), that is enriched in the aortic intima and regulates vascular inflammation. Aortic intimal expression of VINAS fell with atherosclerotic progression and rose with regression. VINAS knockdown reduced atherosclerotic lesion formation by 55% in LDL receptor-deficient (LDLR-/-) mice, independent of effects on circulating lipids, by decreasing inflammation in the vessel wall. Loss- and gain-of-function studies in vitro demonstrated that VINAS serves as a critical regulator of inflammation by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. VINAS knockdown decreased the expression of key inflammatory markers, such as MCP-1, TNF-α, IL-1β, and COX-2, in endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Moreover, VINAS silencing decreased expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules VCAM-1, E-selectin, and ICAM-1 and reduced monocyte adhesion to ECs. DEP domain containing 4 (DEPDC4), an evolutionary conserved human ortholog of VINAS with approximately 74% homology, showed similar regulation in human and pig atherosclerotic specimens. DEPDC4 knockdown replicated antiinflammatory effects of VINAS in human ECs. These findings reveal a potentially novel lncRNA that regulates vascular inflammation, with broad implications for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viorel Simion
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhou
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jacob B. Pierce
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Dafeng Yang
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yevgenia Tesmenitsky
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galina Sukhova
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter H. Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Validation of Wall Shear Stress Assessment in Non-invasive Coronary CTA versus Invasive Imaging: A Patient-Specific Computational Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2020; 49:1151-1168. [PMID: 33067688 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-020-02631-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial shear stress (ESS) identifies coronary plaques at high risk for progression and/or rupture leading to a future acute coronary syndrome. In this study an optimized methodology was developed to derive ESS, pressure drop and oscillatory shear index using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in 3D models of coronary arteries derived from non-invasive coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA). These CTA-based ESS calculations were compared to the ESS calculations using the gold standard with fusion of invasive imaging and CTA. In 14 patients paired patient-specific CFD models based on invasive and non-invasive imaging of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary arteries were created. Ten patients were used to optimize the methodology, and four patients to test this methodology. Time-averaged ESS (TAESS) was calculated for both coronary models applying patient-specific physiological data available at the time of imaging. For data analysis, each 3D reconstructed coronary artery was divided into 2 mm segments and each segment was subdivided into 8 arcs (45°).TAESS and other hemodynamic parameters were averaged per segment as well as per arc. Furthermore, the paired segment- and arc-averaged TAESS were categorized into patient-specific tertiles (low, medium and high). In the ten LADs, used for optimization of the methodology, we found high correlations between invasively-derived and non-invasively-derived TAESS averaged over segments (n = 263, r = 0.86) as well as arcs (n = 2104, r = 0.85, p < 0.001). The correlation was also strong in the four testing-patients with r = 0.95 (n = 117 segments, p = 0.001) and r = 0.93 (n = 936 arcs, p = 0.001).There was an overall high concordance of 78% of the three TAESS categories comparing both methodologies using the segment- and 76% for the arc-averages in the first ten patients. This concordance was lower in the four testing patients (64 and 64% in segment- and arc-averaged TAESS). Although the correlation and concordance were high for both patient groups, the absolute TAESS values averaged per segment and arc were overestimated using non-invasive vs. invasive imaging [testing patients: TAESS segment: 30.1(17.1-83.8) vs. 15.8(8.8-63.4) and TAESS arc: 29.4(16.2-74.7) vs 15.0(8.9-57.4) p < 0.001]. We showed that our methodology can accurately assess the TAESS distribution non-invasively from CTA and demonstrated a good correlation with TAESS calculated using IVUS/OCT 3D reconstructed models.
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Role of the Platelets and Nitric Oxide Biotransformation in Ischemic Stroke: A Translative Review from Bench to Bedside. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2979260. [PMID: 32908630 PMCID: PMC7474795 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2979260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke remains the fifth cause of death, as reported worldwide annually. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) manifesting with lower nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability leads to increased vascular tone, inflammation, and platelet activation and remains among the major contributors to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Moreover, temporal fluctuations in the NO bioavailability during ischemic stroke point to its key role in the cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, and some data suggest that they may be responsible for the maintenance of CBF within the ischemic penumbra in order to reduce infarct size. Several years ago, the inhibitory role of the platelet NO production on a thrombus formation has been discovered, which initiated the era of extensive studies on the platelet-derived nitric oxide (PDNO) as a platelet negative feedback regulator. Very recently, Radziwon-Balicka et al. discovered two subpopulations of human platelets, based on the expression of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-positive or eNOS-negative platelets, respectively). The e-NOS-negative ones fail to produce NO, which attenuates their cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling pathway and-as result-promotes adhesion and aggregation while the e-NOS-positive ones limit thrombus formation. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), a competitive NOS inhibitor, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and its expression alongside with the enzymes responsible for its synthesis and degradation was recently shown also in platelets. Overproduction of ADMA in this compartment may increase platelet activation and cause endothelial damage, additionally to that induced by its plasma pool. All the recent discoveries of diverse eNOS expression in platelets and its role in regulation of thrombus formation together with studies on the NOS inhibitors have opened a new chapter in translational medicine investigating the onset of acute cardiovascular events of ischemic origin. This translative review briefly summarizes the role of platelets and NO biotransformation in the pathogenesis and clinical course of ischemic stroke.
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Arzani A. Coronary artery plaque growth: A two-way coupled shear stress-driven model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 36:e3293. [PMID: 31820589 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis in coronary arteries can lead to plaque growth, stenosis formation, and blockage of the blood flow supplying the heart tissue. Several studies have shown that hemodynamics play an important role in the growth of coronary artery plaques. Specifically, low wall shear stress (WSS) appears to be the leading hemodynamic parameter promoting atherosclerotic plaque growth, which in turn influences the blood flow and WSS distribution. Therefore, a two-way coupled interaction exists between WSS and atherosclerosis growth. In this work, a computational framework was developed to study the coupling between WSS and plaque growth in coronary arteries. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to quantify WSS distribution. Surface mesh nodes were moved in the inward normal direction according to a growth model based on WSS. After each growth stage, the geometry was updated and the CFD simulation repeated to find updated WSS values for the next growth stage. One hundred twenty growth stages were simulated in an idealized tube and an image-based left anterior descending artery. An automated framework was developed using open-source software to couple CFD simulations with growth. Changes in plaque morphology and hemodynamic patterns during different growth stages are presented. The results show larger plaque growth towards the downstream segment of the plaque, agreeing with the reported clinical observations. The developed framework could be used to establish hemodynamic-driven growth models and study the interaction between these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Arzani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona
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12
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Bashir AZ, Bashir K, Hunter WJ, Agrawal DK. Cathepsin L expression in the carotid arteries of atherosclerotic swine. Arch Med Sci Atheroscler Dis 2019; 4:e264-e267. [PMID: 32373754 PMCID: PMC7197027 DOI: 10.5114/amsad.2019.90153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayisha Zaka Bashir
- Department of Clinical Translational Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha. Nebraska, USA
| | - Khalid Bashir
- Department of Clinical Translational Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha. Nebraska, USA
| | - William J. Hunter
- Department of Clinical Translational Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha. Nebraska, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, California, USA
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13
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Hoogendoorn A, den Hoedt S, Hartman EMJ, Krabbendam-Peters I, Te Lintel Hekkert M, van der Zee L, van Gaalen K, Witberg KT, Dorst K, Ligthart JMR, Drouet L, Van der Heiden K, van Lennep JR, van der Steen AFW, Duncker DJ, Mulder MT, Wentzel JJ. Variation in Coronary Atherosclerosis Severity Related to a Distinct LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) Profile: Findings From a Familial Hypercholesterolemia Pig Model. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2338-2352. [PMID: 31554418 PMCID: PMC6818985 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In an adult porcine model of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), coronary plaque development was characterized. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed inter-individual variation in disease severity, detailed lipoprotein profiles were determined. Approach and Results: FH pigs (3 years old, homozygous LDLR R84C mutation) received an atherogenic diet for 12 months. Coronary atherosclerosis development was monitored using serial invasive imaging and histology. A pronounced difference was observed between mildly diseased pigs which exclusively developed early lesions (maximal plaque burden, 25% [23%-34%]; n=5) and advanced-diseased pigs (n=5) which developed human-like, lumen intruding plaques (maximal plaque burden, 69% [57%-77%]) with large necrotic cores, intraplaque hemorrhage, and calcifications. Advanced-diseased pigs and mildly diseased pigs displayed no differences in conventional risk factors. Additional plasma lipoprotein profiling by size-exclusion chromatography revealed 2 different LDL (low-density lipoprotein) subtypes: regular and larger LDL. Cholesterol, sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramide, and sphingomyelin levels were determined in these LDL-subfractions using standard laboratory techniques and high-pressure liquid chromatography mass-spectrometry analyses, respectively. At 3 months of diet, regular LDL of advanced-diseased pigs contained relatively more cholesterol (LDL-C; regular/larger LDL-C ratio 1.7 [1.3-1.9] versus 0.8 [0.6-0.9]; P=0.008) than mildly diseased pigs, while larger LDL contained more sphingosine-1-phosphate, ceramides, and sphingomyelins. Larger and regular LDL was also found in plasma of 3 patients with homozygous FH with varying LDL-C ratios. CONCLUSIONS In our adult FH pig model, inter-individual differences in atherosclerotic disease severity were directly related to the distribution of cholesterol and sphingolipids over a distinct LDL profile with regular and larger LDL shortly after the diet start. A similar LDL profile was detected in patients with homozygous FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Hoogendoorn
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
| | - Sandra den Hoedt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular & Metabolic Disease (S.d.H., L.v.d.Z., K.D., J.R.v.L., M.T.M.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eline M J Hartman
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
| | - Ilona Krabbendam-Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology (I.K.-P., M.t.L.H., D.J.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maaike Te Lintel Hekkert
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology (I.K.-P., M.t.L.H., D.J.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie van der Zee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular & Metabolic Disease (S.d.H., L.v.d.Z., K.D., J.R.v.L., M.T.M.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim van Gaalen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
| | - Karen Th Witberg
- Department of Cardiology, Interventional Cardiology (K.T.W., J.M.R.L.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kristien Dorst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular & Metabolic Disease (S.d.H., L.v.d.Z., K.D., J.R.v.L., M.T.M.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jurgen M R Ligthart
- Department of Cardiology, Interventional Cardiology (K.T.W., J.M.R.L.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Drouet
- Department of Angiohematology, Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, France (L.D.)
| | - Kim Van der Heiden
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
| | - Jeanine Roeters van Lennep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular & Metabolic Disease (S.d.H., L.v.d.Z., K.D., J.R.v.L., M.T.M.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius F W van der Steen
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
| | - Dirk J Duncker
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology (I.K.-P., M.t.L.H., D.J.D.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Monique T Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Vascular Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, Vascular & Metabolic Disease (S.d.H., L.v.d.Z., K.D., J.R.v.L., M.T.M.), Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda J Wentzel
- From the Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Engineering, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands (A.H., E.M.J.H., K.v.G., K.V.d.H., A.F.W.v.d.S., J.J.W.)
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Hawiger J, Zienkiewicz J. Decoding inflammation, its causes, genomic responses, and emerging countermeasures. Scand J Immunol 2019; 90:e12812. [PMID: 31378956 PMCID: PMC6883124 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the mechanism of diseases caused by microbial, autoimmune, allergic, metabolic and physical insults that produce distinct types of inflammatory responses. This aetiologic view of inflammation informs its classification based on a cause‐dependent mechanism as well as a cause‐directed therapy and prevention. The genomic era ushered in a new understanding of inflammation by highlighting the cell's nucleus as the centre of the inflammatory response. Exogenous or endogenous inflammatory insults evoke genomic responses in immune and non‐immune cells. These genomic responses depend on transcription factors, which switch on and off a myriad of inflammatory genes through their regulatory networks. We discuss the transcriptional paradigm of inflammation based on denying transcription factors’ access to the nucleus. We present two approaches that control proinflammatory signalling to the nucleus. The first approach constitutes a novel intracellular protein therapy with bioengineered physiologic suppressors of cytokine signalling. The second approach entails control of proinflammatory transcriptional cascades by targeting nuclear transport with a cell‐penetrating peptide that inhibits the expression of 23 out of the 26 mediators of inflammation along with the nine genes required for metabolic responses. We compare these emerging anti‐inflammatory countermeasures to current therapies. The transcriptional paradigm of inflammation offers nucleocentric strategies for microbial, autoimmune, metabolic, physical and other types of inflammation afflicting millions of people worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Hawiger
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jozef Zienkiewicz
- Immunotherapy Program at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Chen Y, Yu H, Zhu J, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Cui Y, Gong G, Chai Q, Guo Y, Liu Z. Low carotid endothelial shear stress associated with cerebral small vessel disease in an older population: A subgroup analysis of a population-based prospective cohort study. Atherosclerosis 2019; 288:42-50. [PMID: 31323461 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The association between carotid wall shear stress (WSS) and cerebral small vessel disease has yet to be fully elucidated. The major purpose of this study was to investigate this association in older subjects. METHODS Common carotid artery WSS, endothelial function, white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes, and microbleeds were assessed in 1396 older adults. Participants were followed-up for an average of 69.7 months. RESULTS Mean (M) and peak (P) WSS and changes in endothelial function were independently associated with changes in WMH volume and fraction, lacune counts, and microbleed counts (all p < 0.05). The risks of new-incident Fazekas scale ≥2 [hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.141 (1.469-3.119), p = 0.005 and 1.731 (1.197-2.505), p = 0.004, respectively], lacunes [HR (95% CI): 2.034 (1.369-3.022), p < 0.001 and 1.693 (1.151-2.490), p = 0.003, respectively], and microbleeds [HR (95% CI): 2.311 (1.509-3.541), p < 0.001 and 2.208 (1.299-3.751), p < 0.001, respectively] were significantly higher in the lowest quartile group than in the higher quartile group, as classified by either MWSS or PWSS, after adjustment for confounders. CONCLUSIONS Low carotid WSS is an independent risk factor for the progression of cerebral small vessel disease in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Chen
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Huapeng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Jizheng Zhu
- Emergency Department, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yuanli Dong
- Department of Community, Lanshan District People Hospital, Linyi, Shandong, 276002, China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Gary Gong
- The Russel H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Qiang Chai
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Rare and Uncommon Diseases, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
| | - Zhendong Liu
- Cardio-Cerebrovascular Control and Research Center, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250062, China.
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16
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Morbiducci U, Kok AM, Kwak BR, Stone PH, Steinman DA, Wentzel JJ. Atherosclerosis at arterial bifurcations: evidence for the role of haemodynamics and geometry. Thromb Haemost 2018; 115:484-92. [DOI: 10.1160/th15-07-0597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAtherosclerotic plaques are found at distinct locations in the arterial system, despite the exposure to systemic risk factors of the entire vascular tree. From the study of arterial bifurcation regions, emerges ample evidence that haemodynamics are involved in the local onset and progression of the atherosclerotic disease. This observed co-localisation of disturbed flow regions and lesion prevalence at geometrically predisposed districts such as arterial bifurcations has led to the formulation of a ‘haemodynamic hypothesis’, that in this review is grounded to the most current research concerning localising factors of vascular disease. In particular, this review focuses on carotid and coronary bifurcations because of their primary relevance to stroke and heart attack. We highlight reported relationships between atherosclerotic plaque location, progression and composition, and fluid forces at vessel’s wall, in particular shear stress and its ‘easier-tomeasure’ surrogates, i.e. vascular geometric attributes (because geometry shapes the flow) and intravascular flow features (because they mediate disturbed shear stress), in order to give more insight in plaque initiation and destabilisation. Analogous to Virchow’s triad for thrombosis, atherosclerosis must be thought of as subject to a triad of, and especially interactions among, haemodynamic forces, systemic risk factors, and the biological response of the wall.
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17
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Liu X, Wu G, Xu C, He Y, Shu L, Liu Y, Zhang N, Lin C. Quantitative Evaluation of Coronary Plaque Progression by Computed Tomographic Angiography. Tex Heart Inst J 2017; 44:312-319. [PMID: 29259500 PMCID: PMC5731583 DOI: 10.14503/thij-16-5805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding plaque formation in patients at risk for coronary artery disease-the leading cause of morbidity and death in the world-enables physicians to better determine whether and how to treat these individuals. We used computed tomographic angiography to quantitatively evaluate the progression of nonculprit coronary plaques along the full length of the right coronary artery in 21 patients with acute coronary syndrome. Each right coronary artery was analyzed in sequential, 3-mm-long segments, and the minimum luminal area, plaque burden, and plaque volume within each segment were evaluated at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. Serial remodeling of the right coronary artery was also evaluated. In total, 625 arterial segments were analyzed. At 12-month follow-up, the plaque burden had increased slightly by 0.34% (interquartile range [IQR], -4.32% to 6.35%; P=0.02), and the plaque volume was not significantly changed (0.33 mm3; IQR, -3.05 to 3.54; P=0.213). The minimum luminal area decreased 0.05 mm2 (IQR, -1.33 to 0.87 mm2; P=0.012), and this was accompanied by vessel reduction, as evidenced by negative remodeling in 43% of the 625 segments. We conclude that serial computed tomographic angiography can be used to quantitatively evaluate the morphologic progression of coronary plaques.
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18
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Stone PH, Maehara A, Coskun AU, Maynard CC, Zaromytidou M, Siasos G, Andreou I, Fotiadis D, Stefanou K, Papafaklis M, Michalis L, Lansky AJ, Mintz GS, Serruys PW, Feldman CL, Stone GW. Role of Low Endothelial Shear Stress and Plaque Characteristics in the Prediction of Nonculprit Major Adverse Cardiac Events: The PROSPECT Study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2017; 11:462-471. [PMID: 28917684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2017.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine whether low endothelial shear stress (ESS) adds independent prognostication for future major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in coronary lesions in patients with high-risk acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from the United States and Europe. BACKGROUND Low ESS is a proinflammatory, proatherogenic stimulus associated with coronary plaque development, progression, and destabilization in human-like animal models and in humans. Previous natural history studies including baseline ESS characterization investigated low-risk patients. METHODS In the PROSPECT (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree) study, 697 patients with ACS underwent 3-vessel intracoronary imaging. Independent predictors of MACE attributable to untreated nonculprit (nc) coronary lesions during 3.4-year follow-up were large plaque burden (PB), small minimum lumen area (MLA), and thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA) morphology. In this analysis, baseline ESS of nc lesions leading to new MACE (nc-MACE lesions) and randomly selected control nc lesions without MACE (nc-non-MACE lesions) were calculated. A propensity score for ESS was constructed for each lesion, and the relationship between ESS and subsequent nc-MACE was examined. RESULTS A total of 145 lesions were analyzed in 97 patients: 23 nc-MACE lesions (13 TCFAs, 10 thick-cap fibroatheromas [ThCFAs]), and 122 nc-non-MACE lesions (63 TCFAs, 59 ThCFAs). Low local ESS (<1.3 Pa) was strongly associated with subsequent nc-MACE compared with physiological/high ESS (≥1.3 Pa) (23 of 101 [22.8%]) versus (0 of 44 [0%]). In propensity-adjusted Cox regression, low ESS was strongly associated with MACE (hazard ratio: 4.34; 95% confidence interval: 1.89 to 10.00; p < 0.001). Categorizing plaques by anatomic risk (high risk: ≥2 high-risk characteristics PB ≥70%, MLA ≤4 mm2, or TCFA), high anatomic risk, and low ESS were prognostically synergistic: 3-year nc-MACE rates were 52.1% versus 14.4% versus 0.0% in high-anatomic risk/low-ESS, low-anatomic risk/low-ESS, and physiological/high-ESS lesions, respectively (p < 0.0001). No lesion without low ESS led to nc-MACE during follow-up, regardless of PB, MLA, or lesion phenotype at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Local low ESS provides incremental risk stratification of untreated coronary lesions in high-risk patients, beyond measures of PB, MLA, and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Stone
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Akiko Maehara
- Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Ahmet Umit Coskun
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Charles C Maynard
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Zaromytidou
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis Andreou
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dimitris Fotiadis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Kostas Stefanou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michail Papafaklis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Lampros Michalis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Alexandra J Lansky
- Section of Cardiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gary S Mintz
- Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Patrick W Serruys
- International Centre for Cardiovascular Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles L Feldman
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gregg W Stone
- Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, and the Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, New York
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19
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Yamamoto E, Siasos G, Zaromytidou M, Coskun AU, Xing L, Bryniarski K, Zanchin T, Sugiyama T, Lee H, Stone PH, Jang IK. Low Endothelial Shear Stress Predicts Evolution to High-Risk Coronary Plaque Phenotype in the Future. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2017; 10:CIRCINTERVENTIONS.117.005455. [DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.117.005455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Low endothelial shear stress (ESS) is associated with plaque progression and vulnerability. To date, changes in plaque phenotype over time in relation to ESS have not been studied in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate whether local ESS can predict subsequent changes to plaque phenotype using optical coherence tomography.
Methods and Results—
A total of 25 coronary arteries from 20 patients who underwent baseline and 6-month follow-up optical coherence tomography were included. Arteries were divided into serial 3-mm segments, and plaque characteristics were evaluated in each segment. A total of 145 segments were divided into low-ESS group (ESS <1 Pa) and higher-ESS group (ESS ≥1 Pa) based on baseline computational flow dynamics analyses. At baseline, low-ESS segments had significantly thinner fibrous cap thickness compared with higher-ESS segments (128.2±12.3 versus 165.0±12.0 μm;
P
=0.03), although lipid arc was similar. At follow-up, fibrous cap thickness remained thin in low-ESS segments, whereas it significantly increased in higher-ESS segments (165.0±12.0 to 182.2±14.1 μm;
P
=0.04). Lipid arc widened only in plaques with low ESS (126.4±15.2° to 141.1±14.0°;
P
=0.01). After adjustment, baseline ESS was associated with fibrous cap thickness (β, 9.089; 95% confidence interval, 2.539–15.640;
P
=0.007) and lipid arc (β, −4.381; 95% confidence interval, −6.946 to −1.815;
P
=0.001) at follow-up.
Conclusions—
Low ESS is significantly associated with baseline high-risk plaque phenotype and progression to higher-risk phenotype at 6 months.
Clinical Trial Registration—
URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01110538.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Yamamoto
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Marina Zaromytidou
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Ahmet U. Coskun
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Lei Xing
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Thomas Zanchin
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Tomoyo Sugiyama
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Hang Lee
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Peter H. Stone
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
| | - Ik-Kyung Jang
- From the Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital (E.Y., L.X., K.B., T.Z., T.S., I.-K.J.), Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital (H.L.), and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital (G.S., M.Z., A.U.C., P.H.S.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and Division of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea (I.-K.J.)
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20
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Intravascular hemodynamics and coronary artery disease: New insights and clinical implications. Hellenic J Cardiol 2016; 57:389-400. [PMID: 27894949 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracoronary hemodynamics play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of the atherosclerotic process. Low pro-inflammatory endothelial shear stress impacts vascular physiology and leads to the occurrence of coronary artery disease and its implications.
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21
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Zaromytidou M, Antoniadis AP, Siasos G, Coskun AU, Andreou I, Papafaklis MI, Lucier M, Feldman CL, Stone PH. Heterogeneity of Coronary Plaque Morphology and Natural History: Current Understanding and Clinical Significance. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2016; 18:80. [PMID: 27822680 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-016-0626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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22
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Although atherosclerosis is a systemic inflammatory disease, coronary atherosclerotic plaques are not uniformly distributed in the vascular tree. Experimental and clinical data highlight that biomechanical forces, including wall shear stress (WSS) and plaque structural stress (PSS), have an important role in the natural history of coronary atherosclerosis. Endothelial cell function is heavily influenced by changes in WSS, and longitudinal animal and human studies have shown that coronary regions with low WSS undergo increased plaque growth compared with high WSS regions. Local alterations in WSS might also promote transformation of stable to unstable plaque subtypes. Plaque rupture is determined by the balance between PSS and material strength, with plaque composition having a profound effect on PSS. Prospective clinical studies are required to ascertain whether integrating mechanical parameters with medical imaging can improve our ability to identify patients at highest risk of rapid disease progression or sudden cardiac events.
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23
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Hung OY, Brown AJ, Ahn SG, Veneziani A, Giddens DP, Samady H. Association of Wall Shear Stress with Coronary Plaque Progression and Transformation. Interv Cardiol Clin 2015; 4:491-502. [PMID: 28581935 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Coronary endothelial function regulation by wall shear stress (WSS), the frictional force of blood exerted against the vessel wall, can help explain the focal propensity of plaque development in an environment of systemic atherosclerosis risk factors. Sustained abnormal pathologic WSS leads to a proatherogenic endothelial cell phenotype, plaque progression and transformation, and adaptive vascular remodeling in site-specific areas. Assessing dynamic coronary plaque compositional changes in vivo remains challenging; however, recent advances in intravascular image acquisition and processing may provide swifter WSS calculations and make possible larger prospective investigations on the prognostic value of WSS in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Y Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam J Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI Level 6, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Sung Gyun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Division of Cardiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 220-701, South Korea
| | - Alessandro Veneziani
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Don P Giddens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Habib Samady
- Interventional Cardiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, Suite F606, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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24
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Pedrigi RM, Poulsen CB, Mehta VV, Ramsing Holm N, Pareek N, Post AL, Kilic ID, Banya WAS, Dall'Ara G, Mattesini A, Bjørklund MM, Andersen NP, Grøndal AK, Petretto E, Foin N, Davies JE, Di Mario C, Fog Bentzon J, Erik Bøtker H, Falk E, Krams R, de Silva R. Inducing Persistent Flow Disturbances Accelerates Atherogenesis and Promotes Thin Cap Fibroatheroma Development in D374Y-PCSK9 Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs. Circulation 2015; 132:1003-12. [PMID: 26179404 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.115.016270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although disturbed flow is thought to play a central role in the development of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques, no causal relationship has been established. We evaluated whether inducing disturbed flow would cause the development of advanced coronary plaques, including thin cap fibroatheroma. METHODS AND RESULTS D374Y-PCSK9 hypercholesterolemic minipigs (n=5) were instrumented with an intracoronary shear-modifying stent (SMS). Frequency-domain optical coherence tomography was obtained at baseline, immediately poststent, 19 weeks, and 34 weeks, and used to compute shear stress metrics of disturbed flow. At 34 weeks, plaque type was assessed within serially collected histological sections and coregistered to the distribution of each shear metric. The SMS caused a flow-limiting stenosis, and blood flow exiting the SMS caused regions of increased shear stress on the outer curvature and large regions of low and multidirectional shear stress on the inner curvature of the vessel. As a result, plaque burden was ≈3-fold higher downstream of the SMS than both upstream of the SMS and in the control artery (P<0.001). Advanced plaques were also primarily observed downstream of the SMS, in locations initially exposed to both low (P<0.002) and multidirectional (P<0.002) shear stress. Thin cap fibroatheroma regions demonstrated significantly lower shear stress that persisted over the duration of the study in comparison with other plaque types (P<0.005). CONCLUSIONS These data support a causal role for lowered and multidirectional shear stress in the initiation of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Persistently lowered shear stress appears to be the principal flow disturbance needed for the formation of thin cap fibroatheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Pedrigi
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Christian Bo Poulsen
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Vikram V Mehta
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Niels Ramsing Holm
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Nilesh Pareek
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Anouk L Post
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Ismail Dogu Kilic
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Winston A S Banya
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Gianni Dall'Ara
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Alessio Mattesini
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Martin M Bjørklund
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Niels P Andersen
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Anna K Grøndal
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Enrico Petretto
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Nicolas Foin
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Justin E Davies
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Carlo Di Mario
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Hans Erik Bøtker
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Erling Falk
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Rob Krams
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.)
| | - Ranil de Silva
- From Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.M.P., V.V.M., A.L.P., R.K.); Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., E.F.); Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark (C.B.P., N.R.H., M.M.B., N.P.A., A.K.G., J.F.B., H.E.B., E.F.); NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (I.D.K., W.A.S.B., G.D.'A., A.M., C.D.M., R.d.S.); Graduate Medical School, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore (E.P.); National Heart Centre, NHRIS, Singapore (N.F.); National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.); and Institute of Cardiovascular Medicine and Science, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (C.D.M., R.d.S.).
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Costopoulos C, Brown AJ, Teng Z, Hoole SP, West NEJ, Samady H, Bennett MR. Intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography imaging of coronary atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 32:189-200. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-015-0701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Andreou I, Antoniadis AP, Shishido K, Papafaklis MI, Koskinas KC, Chatzizisis YS, Coskun AU, Edelman ER, Feldman CL, Stone PH. How do we prevent the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque from rupturing? Insights from in vivo assessments of plaque, vascular remodeling, and local endothelial shear stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2014; 20:261-75. [PMID: 25336461 DOI: 10.1177/1074248414555005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronary atherosclerosis progresses both as slow, gradual enlargement of focal plaque and also as a more dynamic process with periodic abrupt changes in plaque geometry, size, and morphology. Systemic vasculoprotective therapies such as statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiplatelet agents are the cornerstone of prevention of plaque rupture and new adverse clinical outcomes, but such systemic therapies are insufficient to prevent the majority of new cardiac events. Invasive imaging methods have been able to identify both the anatomic features of high-risk plaque and the ongoing pathobiological stimuli responsible for progressive plaque inflammation and instability and may provide sufficient information to formulate preventive local mechanical strategies (eg, preemptive percutaneous coronary interventions) to avert cardiac events. Local endothelial shear stress (ESS) triggers vascular phenomena that synergistically exacerbate atherosclerosis toward an unstable phenotype. Specifically, low ESS augments lipid uptake and catabolism, induces plaque inflammation and oxidation, downregulates the production, upregulates the degradation of extracellular matrix, and increases cellular apoptosis ultimately leading to thin-cap fibroatheromas and/or endothelial erosions. Increases in blood thrombogenicity that result from either high or low ESS also contribute to plaque destabilization. An understanding of the actively evolving vascular phenomena, as well as the development of in vivo imaging methodologies to identify the presence and severity of the different processes, may enable early identification of a coronary plaque destined to acquire a high-risk state and allow for highly selective, focal preventive interventions to avert the adverse natural history of that particular plaque. In this review, we focus on the role of ESS in the pathobiologic processes responsible for plaque destabilization, leading either to accelerated plaque growth or to acute coronary events, and emphasize the potential to utilize in vivo risk stratification of individual coronary plaques to optimize prevention strategies to preclude new cardiac events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Andreou
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Antonios P Antoniadis
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Koki Shishido
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michail I Papafaklis
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Konstantinos C Koskinas
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yiannis S Chatzizisis
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ahmet U Coskun
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Charles L Feldman
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter H Stone
- The Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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27
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ZHOU TIAN, ZHENG YIMING, QIU JUHUI, HU JIANJUN, SUN DAMING, TANG CHAOJUN, WANG GUIXUE. ENDOTHELIAL MECHANOTRANSDUCTION MECHANISMS FOR VASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. J MECH MED BIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519414300063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular physiology and disease progression, such as atherosclerosis, are mediated by hemodynamic force generated from blood flow. The hemodynamic force exerts on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), which could perceive the mechanical signals and transmit them into cell interior by multiple potential shear sensors, collectively known as mechanotransduction. However, we do not understand completely how these shear-sensitive components orchestrate physiological and atherosclerotic responses to shear stress. In this review, we provide an overview of biomechanical mechanisms underlying vascular physiology and atherosclerotic progression. Additionally, we summarize current evidences to illustrate that atherosclerotic lesions preferentially develop in arterial regions experiencing disturbance in blood flow, during which endothelial dysfunction is the initial event of atherosclerosis, inflammation plays dominant roles in atherosclerotic progression, and angiogenesis emerges as compensatory explanation for atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Especially in the presence of systemic risk factors (e.g., hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia), the synergy between these systemic risk factors with hemodynamic factors aggravates atherosclerosis by co-stimulating some of these biomechanical events. Given the hemodynamic environment of vasculature, understanding how the rapid shear-mediated signaling, particularly in combination with systemic risk factors, contribute to atherosclerotic progression through endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and angiogenesis helps to elucidate the role for atherogenic shear stress in specifically localizing atherosclerotic lesions in arterial regions with disturbed flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- TIAN ZHOU
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - YIMING ZHENG
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - JUHUI QIU
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - JIANJUN HU
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - DAMING SUN
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - CHAOJUN TANG
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - GUIXUE WANG
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
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Maurovich-Horvat P, Ferencik M, Voros S, Merkely B, Hoffmann U. Comprehensive plaque assessment by coronary CT angiography. Nat Rev Cardiol 2014; 11:390-402. [PMID: 24755916 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2014.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Most acute coronary syndromes are caused by sudden luminal thrombosis due to atherosclerotic plaque rupture or erosion. Preventing such an event seems to be the only effective strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity of coronary heart disease. Coronary lesions prone to rupture have a distinct morphology compared with stable plaques, and provide a unique opportunity for noninvasive imaging to identify vulnerable plaques before they lead to clinical events. The submillimeter spatial resolution and excellent image quality of modern computed tomography (CT) scanners allow coronary atherosclerotic lesions to be detected, characterized, and quantified. Large plaque volume, low CT attenuation, napkin-ring sign, positive remodelling, and spotty calcification are all associated with a high risk of acute cardiovascular events in patients. Computation fluid dynamics allow the calculation of lesion-specific endothelial shear stress and fractional flow reserve, which add functional information to plaque assessment using CT. The combination of morphologic and functional characteristics of coronary plaques might enable noninvasive detection of vulnerable plaques in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Lendület Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 68 Varosmajor ut, 1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114. USA
| | - Szilard Voros
- Stony Brook University, 101 Nicolls Road, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA
| | - Béla Merkely
- MTA-SE Lendület Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, 68 Varosmajor ut, 1025 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiac MR PET CT Program, Division of Cardiology and Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 400, Boston, MA 02114. USA
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29
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Assessing vulnerable plaque: Is shear stress enough? Int J Cardiol 2014; 172:e135-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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