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Slanovc J, Mikulčić M, Jahn N, Wizsy NGT, Sattler W, Malle E, Hrzenjak A. Prostaglandin 15d-PGJ 2 inhibits proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells by inducing ROS production and activation of apoptosis via sirtuin-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166924. [PMID: 37898426 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUADC) belongs to the most prevalent and lethal cancer types. As 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) displays anti-oxidative, -inflammatory, and -cancer properties, we investigated whether this cyclopentenone PG, a stable degradation end-product of cyclooxygenase-generated PGD2, exerts beneficial effects in three LUADC cell lines (A549, H1299, H23). We here report that 15d-PGJ2 had substantial cytotoxic effects in all three LUADC cell lines by promoting early apoptosis and inhibiting the cell cycle, proliferation, and migration. As indicators of cell malignancy, scratch closure and colony formation were significantly inhibited by 15d-PGJ2. 15d-PGJ2 induced generation of ROS and subsequent activation of MAPKs. Expression of Nrf-2, a well-known tumor driver, was markedly diminished by 15d-PGJ2 treatment. Although PPARγ, DP1, and DP2 are expressed in LUADC cells, blocking these receptors with specific inhibitors (SR16832 and BW245C) did not reverse 15d-PGJ2-mediated cytotoxicity, suggesting receptor-independent effects. 15d-PGJ2 decreased SIRT1 expression in LUADC cells and the knockdown of SIRT1 diminished the cytotoxic effects of 15d-PGJ2. Importantly, 15d-PGJ2 significantly reduced tumor growth using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The structural analog of 15d- PGJ2, 9,10-dihydro-15d-PGJ2 (lacking the α,β-unsaturated ketone structural element), did not show any toxic effects in LUADC cells. Altogether, our findings suggest that 15d-PGJ2 led to significantly reduced tumor growth and cell proliferation in three LUADC cell lines. The CAM assay results suggest that 15d-PGJ2 is a suitable endogenous compound to interfere with LUADC tumor progression. We show that SIRT1 modulates the effects of 15d-PGJ2 and may be used as a therapeutic target for LUADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Slanovc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Mateja Mikulčić
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Nicole Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Andelko Hrzenjak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Fioranelli M, Spadafora L, Bernardi M, Roccia MG, Del Buono MG, Cacioli G, Biondi-Zoccai G. Impact of low-dose Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) on atrial fibrillation recurrence. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:673-680. [PMID: 37337698 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite the effectiveness of catheter-based ablation, periprocedural complication and recurrences remain a concern. In this context, we aim to appraise the potential impact of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on reducing episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHODS 22 patients with an established diagnosis of PAF and without structural heart disease were considered. Every patient received 20 drops of GUNA-BDNF administered in the morning. During the 24 months of follow-up, the arrhythmic burden was measured by the average monthly duration of PAF episodes. RESULTS At the end of the follow-up period (24 months), data from 22 patients, of whom 17 men and five women, were analyzed. The arrhythmic burden, measured in terms of average monthly duration of PAF episodes, was found significantly reduced after the administration of low dose BDNF (9.5 vs. 65.3 minutes per month, P<0.001). A total of 17 out of 22 patients saw their arrhythmic burden eliminated or consistently reduced, furthermore two patients underwent a drastic reduction of the average monthly duration of AF (more than 200 minutes compared to the baseline). Only four patients, despite the administration of BDNF, still experienced an arrhythmic burden of 20 minutes or more. Considering the age groups, the major reduction was observed in people aged 70 or more, who were also the most represented in the sample. These results are coherent with the poor literature currently available. CONCLUSIONS BDNF low dose therapy has shown to have an impacting role in reducing the arrhythmic burden and recurrences of AF, with a particular effectiveness in patients over 70 and without structural heart disease. We should welcome this work, despite it limitations. Further clinical and molecular studies are needed before-considering BDNF low dose as a tool against PAF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luigi Spadafora
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Clinical Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria G Roccia
- Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Cacioli
- Institute for Systemic Integrated Therapies, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
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Yin R, Huang KX, Huang LA, Ji M, Zhao H, Li K, Gao A, Chen J, Li Z, Liu T, Shively JE, Kandeel F, Li J. Indole-Based and Cyclopentenylindole-Based Analogues Containing Fluorine Group as Potential 18F-Labeled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) G-Protein Coupled Receptor 44 (GPR44) Tracers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1203. [PMID: 37765011 PMCID: PMC10534865 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, growing evidence of the relationship between G-protein coupled receptor 44 (GPR44) and the inflammation-cancer system has garnered tremendous interest, while the exact role of GPR44 has not been fully elucidated. Currently, there is a strong and urgent need for the development of non-invasive in vivo GPR44 positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers that can be used to aid the exploration of the relationship between inflammation and tumor biologic behavior. Accordingly, the choosing and radiolabeling of existing GPR44 antagonists containing a fluorine group could serve as a viable method to accelerate PET tracers development for in vivo imaging to this purpose. The present study aims to evaluate published (2000-present) indole-based and cyclopentenyl-indole-based analogues of the GPR44 antagonist to guide the development of fluorine-18 labeled PET tracers that can accurately detect inflammatory processes. The selected analogues contained a crucial fluorine nuclide and were characterized for various properties including binding affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile. Overall, 26 compounds with favorable to strong binding properties were identified. This review highlights the potential of GPR44 analogues for the development of PET tracers to study inflammation and cancer development and ultimately guide the development of targeted clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkai Yin
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kelly X. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lina A. Huang
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Melinda Ji
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hanyi Zhao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kathy Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Anna Gao
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Zhixuan Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Tianxiong Liu
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - John E. Shively
- Department of Immunology & Theranostics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Fouad Kandeel
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Junfeng Li
- Department of Translational Research & Cellular Therapeutics, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
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Beccacece L, Abondio P, Bini C, Pelotti S, Luiselli D. The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044193. [PMID: 36835616 PMCID: PMC9962914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Beccacece
- Computational Genomics Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Paolo Abondio
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (P.A.)
| | - Carla Bini
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susi Pelotti
- Unit of Legal Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- aDNA Lab, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Ravenna Campus, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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The role of some lipids and their metabolites in programmed cell death (lipoapoptosis). ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.4.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the regulation of lipoapoptosis signaling pathways has expanded considerably. However, many mechanisms of apoptosis induction by lipids as well as molecules mediating intracellular and systemic signals belonging to AOS/enzyme-dependent phospholipid metabolites are not completely clear.This review summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of apoptotic cell death induction by some lipid molecules. Literature search was performed in the database “PubMed”, “eLIBRARY” using key words: “apoptosis”, “lipids”, “fatty acids”, “eicosanoids”, “reactive oxygen species”.A brief characterization of the signaling pathways of apoptosis is given. The role of reactive oxygen species and their dependent products of lipid peroxidation in the regulation of the main signaling pathways of apoptosis are shown. Particular attention is paid to the product of phospholipid metabolism – 4-hydroxynonenal.Pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of some prostaglandins are demonstrated. Arguments are presented that prostaglandins of series J and D are pro-apoptotic in most cells, and this effect depends on activation of the prostanoid receptor DP2 and on reduction of AKT kinase activity. In contrast, the E-series prostaglandins and hydroxyecosatetraenoic acid act opposite to the J-series and D-series prostaglandins, reducing apoptosis by activating AKT and increasing Bcl-2 protein expression.The role of individual fatty acids involved in the initiation and transduction of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic signals is assessed. It was shown that saturated fatty acids have the maximum damaging potential than their unsaturated counterparts. An in-depth understanding and deciphering of the mechanisms by which lipids and their metabolites modulate the activation of signaling pathways of programmed cell death can help to develop therapeutic strategies to prevent a number of diseases associated with impaired regulation of apoptosis.
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6
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Kong D, Yu Y. Prostaglandin D2 signaling and cardiovascular homeostasis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 167:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Zhang Y, Sun D, Zhao X, Luo Y, Yu H, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Han X, Duan Y, Fang N, Duan X, Li T, Zhang S, Gong Y, Li Y. Bacteroides fragilis prevents aging-related atrial fibrillation in rats via regulatory T cells-mediated regulation of inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koyani CN, Scheruebel S, Jin G, Kolesnik E, Zorn-Pauly K, Mächler H, Hoefler G, von Lewinski D, Heinzel FR, Pelzmann B, Malle E. Hypochlorite-Modified LDL Induces Arrhythmia and Contractile Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:25. [PMID: 35052529 PMCID: PMC8772905 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil-derived myeloperoxidase (MPO) and its potent oxidant, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), gained attention as important oxidative mediators in cardiac damage and dysfunction. As cardiomyocytes generate low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-like particles, we aimed to identify the footprints of proatherogenic HOCl-LDL, which adversely affects cellular signalling cascades in various cell types, in the human infarcted myocardium. We performed immunohistochemistry for MPO and HOCl-LDL in human myocardial tissue, investigated the impact of HOCl-LDL on electrophysiology and contractility in primary cardiomyocytes, and explored underlying mechanisms in HL-1 cardiomyocytes and human atrial appendages using immunoblot analysis, qPCR, and silencing experiments. HOCl-LDL reduced ICa,L and IK1, and increased INaL, leading to altered action potential characteristics and arrhythmic events including early- and delayed-afterdepolarizations. HOCl-LDL altered the expression and function of CaV1.2, RyR2, NCX1, and SERCA2a, resulting in impaired contractility and Ca2+ homeostasis. Elevated superoxide anion levels and oxidation of CaMKII were mediated via LOX-1 signaling in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, HOCl-LDL-mediated alterations of cardiac contractility and electrophysiology, including arrhythmic events, were ameliorated by the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 and the INaL blocker, ranolazine. This study provides an explanatory framework for the detrimental effects of HOCl-LDL compared to native LDL and cardiac remodeling in patients with high MPO levels during the progression of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N. Koyani
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.J.); (E.K.); (D.v.L.)
| | - Susanne Scheruebel
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.S.); (K.Z.-P.)
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.J.); (E.K.); (D.v.L.)
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ewald Kolesnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.J.); (E.K.); (D.v.L.)
| | - Klaus Zorn-Pauly
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.S.); (K.Z.-P.)
| | - Heinrich Mächler
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.J.); (E.K.); (D.v.L.)
| | - Frank R. Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- Division of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.S.); (K.Z.-P.)
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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Zhu S, Xu J, Chen H, Lv W. Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymolysis Extraction and Protective Effect on Injured Cardiomyocytes in Mice of Flavonoids from Prunus mume Blossom. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195818. [PMID: 34641361 PMCID: PMC8510299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus mume blossom is an edible flower that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Flavonoids are one of the most active substances in Prunus mume blossoms. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction of flavonoids from Prunus mume blossom (FPMB), the components of FPMB, and its protective effect on injured cardiomyocytes were investigated in this study. According to our results, the optimal extraction process for FPMB is as follows: cellulase at 2.0%, ultrasonic power at 300 W, ultrasonic enzymolysis for 30 min, and an enzymolysis temperature of 40 °C. FPMB significantly promoted the survival rate of cardiomyocytes and reduced the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). FPMB also improved the activities of proteases caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in cardiomyocytes. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis rate in mice was significantly reduced by exposure to FPMB. These results suggest that the extraction rate of FPMB may be improved by an ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic method. FPMB has a protective effect on the injured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Zhu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China;
| | - Jicheng Xu
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1-385-530-3015
| | - Huizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
| | - Weiqiao Lv
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
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Wójcik P, Gęgotek A, Žarković N, Skrzydlewska E. Disease-Dependent Antiapoptotic Effects of Cannabidiol for Keratinocytes Observed upon UV Irradiation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189956. [PMID: 34576119 PMCID: PMC8470797 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although apoptosis of keratinocytes has been relatively well studied, there is a lack of information comparing potentially proapoptotic treatments for healthy and diseased skin cells. Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune-mediated skin disease manifested by patches of hyperproliferative keratinocytes that do not undergo apoptosis. UVB phototherapy is commonly used to treat psoriasis, although this has undesirable side effects, and is often combined with anti-inflammatory compounds. The aim of this study was to analyze if cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid that has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, may modify the proapoptotic effects of UVB irradiation in vitro by influencing apoptotic signaling pathways in donor psoriatic and healthy human keratinocytes obtained from the skin of five volunteers in each group. While CBD alone did not have any major effects on keratinocytes, the UVB treatment activated the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, with enhanced caspase 8 expression in both healthy and psoriatic keratinocytes. However, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, characterized by increased expression of caspase 2, was observed in psoriatic cells after UVB irradiation. Furthermore, decreased p-AKT expression combined with increased 15-d-PGJ2 level and p-p38 expression was observed in psoriatic keratinocytes, which may promote both apoptosis and necrosis. Application of CBD partially attenuated these effects of UVB irradiation both in healthy and psoriatic keratinocytes, reducing the levels of 15-d-PGJ2, p-p38 and caspase 8 while increasing Bcl2 expression. However, CBD increased p-AKT only in UVB-treated healthy cells. Therefore, the reduction of apoptotic signaling pathways by CBD, observed mainly in healthy keratinocytes, suggests the need for further research into the possible beneficial effects of CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Neven Žarković
- LabOS, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Bialystok, Poland; (P.W.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-857485708
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11
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Increased prostaglandin-D2 in male STAT3-deficient hearts shifts cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000739. [PMID: 33370269 PMCID: PMC7793290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac levels of the signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-3 (STAT3) decline with age, and male but not female mice with a cardiomyocyte-specific STAT3 deficiency conditional knockout (CKO) display premature age-related heart failure associated with reduced cardiac capillary density. In the present study, isolated male and female CKO-cardiomyocytes exhibit increased prostaglandin (PG)-generating cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. The PG-degrading hydroxyprostaglandin-dehydrogenase-15 (HPGD) expression is only reduced in male cardiomyocytes, which is associated with increased prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) secretion from isolated male but not female CKO-cardiomyocytes. Reduced HPGD expression in male cardiomyocytes derive from impaired androgen receptor (AR)–signaling due to loss of its cofactor STAT3. Elevated PGD2 secretion in males is associated with increased white adipocyte accumulation in aged male but not female hearts. Adipocyte differentiation is enhanced in isolated stem cell antigen-1 (SCA-1)+ cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) from young male CKO-mice compared with the adipocyte differentiation of male wild-type (WT)-CPC and CPC isolated from female mice. Epigenetic analysis in freshly isolated male CKO-CPC display hypermethylation in pro-angiogenic genes (Fgfr2, Epas1) and hypomethylation in the white adipocyte differentiation gene Zfp423 associated with up-regulated ZFP423 expression and a shift from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation compared with WT-CPC. The expression of the histone-methyltransferase EZH2 is reduced in male CKO-CPC compared with male WT-CPC, whereas no differences in the EZH2 expression in female CPC were observed. Clonally expanded CPC can differentiate into endothelial cells or into adipocytes depending on the differentiation conditions. ZFP423 overexpression is sufficient to induce white adipocyte differentiation of clonal CPC. In isolated WT-CPC, PGD2 stimulation reduces the expression of EZH2, thereby up-regulating ZFP423 expression and promoting white adipocyte differentiation. The treatment of young male CKO mice with the COX inhibitor Ibuprofen or the PGD2 receptor (DP)2 receptor antagonist BAY-u 3405 in vivo increased EZH2 expression and reduced ZFP423 expression and adipocyte differentiation in CKO-CPC. Thus, cardiomyocyte STAT3 deficiency leads to age-related and sex-specific cardiac remodeling and failure in part due to sex-specific alterations in PGD2 secretion and subsequent epigenetic impairment of the differentiation potential of CPC. Causally involved is the impaired AR signaling in absence of STAT3, which reduces the expression of the PG-degrading enzyme HPGD. Impaired androgen-receptor-signaling due to STAT3-deficiency promotes increased prostaglandin-D2-secretion from male but not female cardiomyocytes; this induces an epigenetic switch in cardiac progenitor cells from endothelial to white adipocyte differentiation, associated with reduced cardiac capillary density, increased cardiac white fat deposits and heart failure in aged male but not female mice.
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12
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Koyani CN, Plastira I, Sourij H, Hallström S, Schmidt A, Rainer PP, Bugger H, Frank S, Malle E, von Lewinski D. Empagliflozin protects heart from inflammation and energy depletion via AMPK activation. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104870. [PMID: 32434052 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) were originally developed as kidney-targeting anti-diabetic drugs. However, due to their beneficial cardiac off-target effects (as SGLT2 is not expressed in the heart), these antagonists currently receive intense clinical interest in the context of heart failure (HF) in patients with or without diabetes mellitus (DM). Since the mechanisms by which these beneficial effects are mediated are still unclear yet, inflammation that is present in DM and HF has been proposed as a potential pharmacological intervention strategy. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, displays anti-inflammatory potential along with its glucose-lowering property. METHODS AND RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce inflammation in vitro and in vivo. In cardiomyocytes and macrophages empagliflozin attenuated LPS-induced TNFα and iNOS expression. Analysis of intracellular signalling pathways suggested that empagliflozin activates AMP kinase (AMPK) in both cell types with or without LPS-treatment. Moreover, the SGLT2 inhibitor increased the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 marker proteins in LPS-treated macrophages. Additionally, empagliflozin-mediated AMPK activation prevented LPS-induced ATP/ADP depletion. In vivo administration of LPS in mice impaired cardiac contractility and aortic endothelial relaxation in response to acetylcholine, whereby co-administration of empagliflozin preserved cardiovascular function. These findings were accompanied by improved cardiac AMPK phosphorylation and ATP/ADP, reduced cardiac iNOS, plasma TNFα and creatine kinase MB levels. CONCLUSION Our data identify a novel cardio protective mechanism of SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, suggesting that AMPK activation-mediated energy repletion and reduced inflammation contribute to the observed cardiovascular benefits of the drug in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Seth Hallström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Albrecht Schmidt
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter P Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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13
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Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030402. [PMID: 32150849 PMCID: PMC7175142 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the physiological mechanism of cell death and can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, including stress and metabolic alterations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation products (including isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal) are proapoptotic factors. These mediators can activate apoptosis via mitochondrial-, receptor-, or ER stress-dependent pathways. Phospholipid metabolism is also an essential regulator of apoptosis, producing the proapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGD and PGJ series, as well as the antiapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGE series, but also 12-HETE and 20-HETE. The effect of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on apoptosis depends on cell type-specific differences. Cells where cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is the dominant cannabinoid receptor, as well as cells with high cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, undergo apoptosis after the administration of cannabinoids. In contrast, in cells where CB2 receptors dominate, and cells with low COX activity, cannabinoids act in a cytoprotective manner. Therefore, cell type-specific differences in the pro- and antiapoptotic effects of lipids and their (oxidative) products might reveal new options for differential bioanalysis between normal, functional, and degenerating or malignant cells, and better integrative biomedical treatments of major stress-associated diseases.
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14
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is related with adverse cardiac remodeling and high NTproBNP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15421. [PMID: 31659205 PMCID: PMC6817886 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51776-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neuronal growth factor essential for normal cardiac contraction and relaxation. Alterations in BDNF signaling are related to the development of cardiovascular disease. Whether BDNF is related to subclinical cardiac remodeling is unclear. We related BDNF with echocardiographic parameters and NTproBNP in a large population-based cohort (n = 2,976, median age 48 years; 45% male). Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on all subjects and BDNF was measured by ELISA. Study participants with severe kidney dysfunction, previous myocardial infarction, and LV ejection fraction <40% were excluded. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, sex, lean mass, fat mass, current smoking, systolic blood pressure and depression. Low BDNF was associated with high NTproBNP. A 10,000 pg/ml lower BDNF was related with a 2.5 g higher (95%-confidence interval [CI]: 0.2 to 4.9; p = 0.036) LV mass, 0.01 cm posterior wall thickness (0.003 to 0.022; p = 0.007) and 0.02 E/A ratio (0.003 to 0.042, p = 0.026). Here we show that low BDNF levels are related with adverse cardiac remodeling and higher levels of NTproBNP. Further research is warranted to assess if BDNF may be used to monitor neuronal-cardiac damage during CVD progression.
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15
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Zuo S, Kong D, Wang C, Liu J, Wang Y, Wan Q, Yan S, Zhang J, Tang J, Zhang Q, Lyu L, Li X, Shan Z, Qian L, Shen Y, Yu Y. CRTH2 promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis through m-calpain. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 10:emmm.201708237. [PMID: 29335338 PMCID: PMC5840549 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic death of cardiac myocytes is associated with ischemic heart disease and chemotherapy‐induced cardiomyopathy. Chemoattractant receptor‐homologous molecule expressed on T helper type 2 cells (CRTH2) is highly expressed in the heart. However, its specific role in ischemic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrated that CRTH2 disruption markedly improved cardiac recovery in mice postmyocardial infarction and doxorubicin challenge by suppressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, CRTH2 activation specifically facilitated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis via caspase‐12‐dependent pathway. Blockage of m‐calpain prevented CRTH2‐mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis under ER stress by suppressing caspase‐12 activity. CRTH2 was coupled with Gαq to elicit intracellular Ca2+ flux and activated m‐calpain/caspase‐12 cascade in cardiomyocytes. Knockdown of caspase‐4, an alternative to caspase‐12 in humans, markedly alleviated CRHT2 activation‐induced apoptosis in human cardiomyocyte response to anoxia. Our findings revealed an unexpected role of CRTH2 in promoting ER stress‐induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, suggesting that CRTH2 inhibition has therapeutic potential for ischemic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengkai Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Deping Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiangyou Wan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Luheng Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biology, University of Miami College of Arts and Science, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhixin Shan
- Medical Research Department of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Guangdong, China
| | - Li Qian
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yujun Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China .,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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16
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Koyani CN, Trummer C, Shrestha N, Scheruebel S, Bourgeois B, Plastira I, Kickmaier S, Sourij H, Rainer PP, Madl T, Sattler W, Pelzmann B, Malle E, von Lewinski D. Saxagliptin but Not Sitagliptin Inhibits CaMKII and PKC via DPP9 Inhibition in Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1622. [PMID: 30487758 PMCID: PMC6246635 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Some oral anti-hyperglycemic drugs, including gliptins that inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), have been linked to the increased risk of heart failure (HF) in type-2 diabetic patients. While the cardiovascular safety trial, TECOS, revealed no link between sitagliptin and the risk of HF, a substantial 27% increase in the hospitalization for HF was observed in type-2 diabetic patients treated with saxagliptin within the SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial. A previous in vitro study revealed that saxagliptin impairs the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-phospholamban (PLB)-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a axis and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in cardiomyocytes leading to impaired cardiac contractility and electrophysiological function. However, the link between saxagliptin and its target proteins (CaMKII and PKC) remains to be explored. Since DPP8 and DPP9 (but not DPP4) are expressed by cardiomyocytes and saxagliptin is internalized by cardiomyocytes, we investigated whether DPP8/9 contribute to saxagliptin-mediated inhibition of CaMKII and PKC activity. Structural analysis revealed that the DPP4-saxagliptin interaction motif (S630, Y547) for the cyanopyrrolidine group is conserved in DPP8 (S755, Y669) and DPP9 (S730, Y644). Conversely, F357 that facilitates binding of the anchor lock domain of sitagliptin in the S2 extensive subsite of DPP4 is not conserved in DPP8/9. In parallel, unlike saxagliptin, sitagliptin did not affect phosphorylation of CaMKII/PLB or activity of PKC in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. These findings were recapitulated by pharmacological inhibition (TC-E-5007, a DPP8/9 antagonist) and knock-down of DPP9 (but not DPP8). In primary mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes, saxagliptin (but not sitagliptin) impaired Ca2+ transient relaxation and prolonged action potential duration (APD). These results suggest that saxagliptin-DPP9 interaction impairs the CaMKII-PLB and PKC signaling in cardiomyocytes. We reveal a novel and potential role of DPP9 in cardiac signaling. The interaction of saxagliptin with DPP9 may represent an underlying mechanism for the link between saxagliptin and HF. Elucidation of saxagliptin-DPP9 interaction and downstream events may foster a better understanding of the role of gliptins as modulators of cardiac signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Niroj Shrestha
- Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Scheruebel
- Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin Bourgeois
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ioanna Plastira
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Kickmaier
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Sourij
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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17
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Peinhaupt M, Roula D, Theiler A, Sedej M, Schicho R, Marsche G, Sturm EM, Sabroe I, Rothenberg ME, Heinemann A. DP1 receptor signaling prevents the onset of intrinsic apoptosis in eosinophils and functions as a transcriptional modulator. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:159-171. [PMID: 29607536 PMCID: PMC6032830 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3ma1017-404r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 is the ligand for the G-protein coupled receptors DP1 (D-type prostanoid receptor 1) and DP2 (also known as chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule, expressed on Th2 cells; CRTH2). Both, DP1 and DP2 are expressed on the cellular surface of eosinophils; although it has become quite clear that PGD2 induces eosinophil migration mainly via DP2 receptors, the role of DP1 in eosinophil responses has remained elusive. In this study, we addressed how DP1 receptor signaling complements the pro-inflammatory effects of DP2. We found that PGD2 prolongs the survival of eosinophils via a DP1 receptor-mediated mechanism that inhibits the onset of the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. The DP1 agonist BW245c prevented the activation of effector caspases in eosinophils and protected mitochondrial membranes from depolarization which-as a consequence-sustained viability of eosinophils. DP1 activation in eosinophils enhanced the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-XL , but also induced pro-inflammatory genes, such as VLA-4 and CCR3. In HEK293 cells that overexpress recombinant DP1 and/or DP2 receptors, activation of DP1, but not DP2, delayed cell death and stimulated proliferation, along with induction of serum response element (SRE), a regulator of anti-apoptotic, early-response genes. We conclude that DP1 receptors promote the survival via SRE induction and induction of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, targeting DP1 receptors, along with DP2, may contribute to anti-inflammatory therapy in eosinophilic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Peinhaupt
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - David Roula
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Theiler
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Miriam Sedej
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Schicho
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M Sturm
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ian Sabroe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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18
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Dai H, Wang X, Yin S, Zhang Y, Han Y, Yang N, Xu J, Sun L, Yuan Y, Sheng L, Gong Y, Li Y. Atrial Fibrillation Promotion in a Rat Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.007320. [PMID: 29269354 PMCID: PMC5779041 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly higher in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of RA on AF susceptibility and atrial arrhythmogenic remodeling in a rat model of RA. Methods and Results Collagen‐induced arthritis was induced in rats by immunization with type II collagen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Among the rats that developed arthritis, AF susceptibility and atrial remodeling were examined 8 weeks after the primary immunization. AF inducibility and duration were substantially increased in collagen‐induced arthritis rats, and AF duration was significantly and positively correlated with the serum IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels. Rats with collagen‐induced arthritis showed prolonged atrial conduction time with no changes in the atrial effective refractory period. Atrial conduction delay was accompanied by significantly increased atrial fibrosis. In addition, atrial structural and autonomic remodeling, including left atrial dilation, apoptosis and autophagy of atrial myocytes, and atrial heterogeneous sympathetic hyperinnervation, was observed. Interestingly, we found that collagen‐induced arthritis had no significant effects on connexins, Nav1.5, and the main ion channels' protein expressions in atria. Conclusions We demonstrated that RA increased AF susceptibility by inducing AF‐promoting atrial remodeling. This study may provide insights into mechanisms underlying RA‐induced AF and validate a model that is suitable for further mechanistic and therapeutic exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangli Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jicheng Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Sheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongtai Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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19
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Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 independent cardiac dysfunction links saxagliptin to heart failure. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 145:64-80. [PMID: 28859968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Saxagliptin treatment has been associated with increased rate of hospitalization for heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients, though the underlying mechanism(s) remain elusive. To address this, we assessed the effects of saxagliptin on human atrial trabeculae, guinea pig hearts and cardiomyocytes. We found that the primary target of saxagliptin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, is absent in cardiomyocytes, yet saxagliptin internalized into cardiomyocytes and impaired cardiac contractility via inhibition of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-phospholamban-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a axis and Na+-Ca2+ exchanger function in Ca2+ extrusion. This resulted in reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, diastolic Ca2+ overload, systolic dysfunction and impaired contractile force. Furthermore, saxagliptin reduced protein kinase C-mediated delayed rectifier K+ current that prolonged action potential duration and consequently QTc interval. Importantly, saxagliptin aggravated pre-existing cardiac dysfunction induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. In conclusion, our novel results provide mechanisms for the off-target deleterious effects of saxagliptin on cardiac function and support the outcome of SAVOR-TIMI 53 trial that linked saxagliptin with the risk of heart failure.
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20
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Jandl K, Heinemann A. The therapeutic potential of CRTH2/DP2 beyond allergy and asthma. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 133:42-48. [PMID: 28818625 PMCID: PMC7612073 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG) D2 has been in the focus of research for quite a long time, but its biological effects and its roles in human disease are still not fully characterized. When in 2001 a second major PGD2 receptor termed chemoattractant receptor homologue expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2; alternative name DP2) was discovered, diverse investigations started to shed more light on the complex and often controversial actions of the prostaglandin. With various immunomodulating effects, such as induction of migration, activation, and cytokine release of leukocytes observed both in vivo and in vitro, CRTH2 has emerged as a promising target for the treatment of allergic diseases. However, with more and more research being performed on CRTH2, it has also become clear that its biological actions are far more diverse than expected at the beginning. In this review, we aim to summarize the roles that PGD2 - and CRTH2 in particular - might play in diseases of the central nervous system, kidney, intestine, lung, hair and skin, bone and cartilage, and in cancer. Based on current data we propose that blocking CRTH2 might be a potential therapeutic approach to numerous conditions beyond classical allergic diseases and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Jandl
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University Graz, Austria; BioTechMed Graz, Austria.
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21
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Zhang Y, Li X, Liu LP, Hong L, Liu X, Zhang B, Wu CZ, Cui X. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is essential for secretion of ANP induced by prostaglandin D 2 in the beating rat atrium. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:293-300. [PMID: 28461771 PMCID: PMC5409115 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.3.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) may act against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and play an anti-inflammatory role in the heart. Although the effect of PGD2 in regulation of ANP secretion of the atrium was reported, the mechanisms involved are not clearly identified. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PGD2 can regulate ANP secretion in the isolated perfused beating rat atrium, and its underlying mechanisms. PGD2 (0.1 to 10 µM) significantly increased atrial ANP secretion concomitantly with positive inotropy in a dose-dependent manner. Effects of PGD2 on atrial ANP secretion and mechanical dynamics were abolished by AH-6809 (1.0 µM) and AL-8810 (1.0 µM), PGD2 and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) receptor antagonists, respectively. Moreover, PGD2 clearly upregulated atrial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and the PGD2 metabolite 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2, 0.1 µM) dramatically increased atrial ANP secretion. Increased ANP secretions induced by PGD2 and 15d-PGJ2 were completely blocked by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (0.1 µM). PD98059 (10.0 µM) and LY294002 (1.0 µM), antagonists of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling, respectively, significantly attenuated the increase of atrial ANP secretion by PGD2. These results indicated that PGD2 stimulated atrial ANP secretion and promoted positive inotropy by activating PPARγ in beating rat atria. MAPK/ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways were each partially involved in regulating PGD2-induced atrial ANP secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Institue of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Lan Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Institue of Clinical Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
| | - Xun Cui
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Key Laboratory of Organism Functional Factors of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China.,Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133-002, China
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22
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Rahman F, Himali JJ, Yin X, Beiser AS, Ellinor PT, Lubitz SA, Vasan RS, Magnani JW, McManus DD, Seshadri S, Benjamin EJ. Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor and risk of atrial fibrillation. Am Heart J 2017; 183:69-73. [PMID: 27979044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed by endothelial cells and can affect cardiovascular function. We examined if serum BDNF was associated with risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Framingham Heart Study. METHODS We studied individuals without an AF diagnosis at baseline from the Framingham original and offspring cohorts. We used age- and sex-adjusted, and multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression models to examine the association of serum BDNF concentrations with 10-year risk of incident AF. RESULTS We studied 3,457 participants (mean age 65±11years, 58% women). During follow-up, 395 participants developed AF. In unadjusted analysis, higher mean serum BDNF concentration was associated with lower incidence of AF (hazard ratio 0.89 per SD, 95% CI 0.80-0.99). In multivariable-adjusted analyses, serum BDNF concentration was not significantly associated with incident AF (hazard ratio 0.98 per SD, 95% CI 0.88-1.09). Compared with the lowest quartile, BDNF levels in the other quartiles were not associated with risk of AF in multivariable-adjusted analyses. No interactions between sex or age with serum BDNF concentrations and risk of AF were found. CONCLUSIONS In our prospective, community-based sample, we did not find a statistically significant association of serum BDNF levels with risk of incident AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rahman
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jayandra J Himali
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Yin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexa S Beiser
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Steven A Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jared W Magnani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, UPMC Heart & Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David D McManus
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emelia J Benjamin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Koyani CN, Kitz K, Rossmann C, Bernhart E, Huber E, Trummer C, Windischhofer W, Sattler W, Malle E. Activation of the MAPK/Akt/Nrf2-Egr1/HO-1-GCLc axis protects MG-63 osteosarcoma cells against 15d-PGJ2-mediated cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:29-41. [PMID: 26801686 PMCID: PMC4782222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to improve treatment modalities for osteosarcoma (OS), patient survival remains poor mainly due to pro-survival pathways in OS cells. Among others, prostaglandins (PGs) are the potent regulators of bone homoeostasis and OS pathophysiology. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the impact of 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2, a stable PGD2 degradation product) on cell death/cell survival pathways in p53-deficient MG-63 OS cells. Our findings show that 15d-PGJ2 induces generation of reactive oxygen species that promote p38 MAPK activation and subsequent Akt phosphorylation. This pathway induced nuclear expression of Nrf2 and Egr1, and increased transcription of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the catalytic subunit of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLc), catalysing the first step in GSH synthesis. Silencing of Nrf2, Egr1 and HO-1 significantly elevated 15d-PGJ2-mediated reduction of cellular metabolic activity. Activation of cell survival genes including HO-1 and GCLc inhibited 15d-PGJ2-induced cleavage of pro-caspase-3 and PARP. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining showed an increase in early/late apoptotic cells in response to 15d-PGJ2. The observed 15d-PGJ2-mediated signalling events are independent of PGD2 receptors (DP1 and DP2) and PPARγ. In addition, the electrophilic carbon atom C9 is a prerequisite for the observed activity of 15d-PGJ2. The present data show that the intracellular redox imbalance acted as a node and triggered both death and survival pathways in response to 15d-PGJ2. Pharmacological or genetic interference of the pro-survival pathway, the p38 MAPK/Akt/Nrf2-Egr1/HO-1-GCLc axis, sensitizes MG-63 cells towards 15d-PGJ2-mediated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kerstin Kitz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Evelyn Huber
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christopher Trummer
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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24
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15d-PGJ2 Reduced Microglia Activation and Alleviated Neurological Deficit of Ischemic Reperfusion in Diabetic Rat Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:864509. [PMID: 26844229 PMCID: PMC4710931 DOI: 10.1155/2015/864509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ2 treatment on the microglia activation and neurological deficit of ischemia reperfusion in diabetic rat model, adult Sprague-Dawley rats were sacrificed for the research. The rats were randomly categorized into four groups: (1) sham-operated group; (2) standard ischemia group; (3) diabetic ischemia group; (4) diabetic ischemia group with diabetes and treated with 15d-PGJ2. Compared to the sham-operated group, all the ischemic groups have significantly severer neurological deficits, more TNF-α and IL-1 expression, increased labeling of apoptotic cells, increased CD68 positive staining of brain lesion, and increased volume of infarct and cerebral edema in both 24 hours and 7 days after reperfusion. Interestingly, reduced neurological deficits, decreased TNF-α and IL-1 expression, less apoptotic cells and CD68 positive staining, and alleviated infarct and cerebral edema volume were observed when 15d-PGJ2 was intraperitoneally injected after reperfusion in diabetic ischemia group, suggesting its neuroprotective role in regulating microglia activation, which may have a therapeutic application in the future.
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25
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Ren M, Li X, Hao L, Zhong J. Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation: A novel potential therapeutic target? Ann Med 2015; 47:316-24. [PMID: 25982799 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1042030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in clinical practice and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Although the fundamental mechanisms underlying AF remain incompletely understood, atrial remodeling, including structural, electrical, contractile, and autonomic remodeling, has been demonstrated to contribute to the substrate for AF maintenance. Accumulating evidence shows that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays exceedingly important roles in atrial remodeling. This article reviews recent advances in the roles of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of AF, elucidates the related mechanisms, and exploits its potential usefulness as a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manyi Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University , China
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26
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Koyani CN, Windischhofer W, Rossmann C, Heinzel FR, Sattler W, Malle E. Response to letter by Tsikas et al. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:140-1. [PMID: 25499360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chintan N Koyani
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Werner Windischhofer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Research Unit of Osteological Research and Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Frank R Heinzel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Malle
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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27
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Tsikas D, Niemann J, Beckmann B. Tsikas et al. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2: An interesting but unapproachable pharmacological target [corrected]? Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:307-9. [PMID: 25217216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Jonas Niemann
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bibiana Beckmann
- Center of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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