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Russo I, Brookles CG, Barale C, Melchionda E, Mousavi AH, Biolè C, Chinaglia A, Bianco M. Current Strategies to Guide the Antiplatelet Therapy in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3981. [PMID: 38612792 PMCID: PMC11011739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes is a moving target with considerable novelty in the last few years. The pathophysiological basis of the treatment depends on platelet biology and physiology, and the interplay between these aspects and clinical practice must guide the physician in determining the best therapeutic options for patients with acute coronary syndromes. In the present narrative review, we discuss the latest novelties in the antiplatelet therapy of patients with acute coronary syndromes. We start with a description of platelet biology and the role of the main platelet signal pathways involved in platelet aggregation during an acute coronary syndrome. Then, we present the latest evidence on the evaluation of platelet function, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of each platelet's function test. We continue our review by describing the role of aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitors in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, critically appraising the available evidence from clinical trials, and providing current international guidelines and recommendations. Finally, we describe alternative therapeutic regimens to standard dual antiplatelet therapy, in particular for patients at high bleeding risk. The aim of our review is to give a comprehensive representation of current data on antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndromes that could be useful both for clinicians and basic science researchers to be up-to-date on this complex topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (I.R.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Carola Griffith Brookles
- Cardiology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy; (C.G.B.); (A.H.M.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (I.R.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Elena Melchionda
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, I-10043 Turin, Italy; (I.R.); (C.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Amir Hassan Mousavi
- Cardiology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy; (C.G.B.); (A.H.M.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, I-10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Carloalberto Biolè
- Cardiology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy; (C.G.B.); (A.H.M.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandra Chinaglia
- Cardiology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy; (C.G.B.); (A.H.M.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Bianco
- Cardiology Division, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, I-10043 Orbassano, Italy; (C.G.B.); (A.H.M.); (C.B.); (A.C.)
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Peng W, Zhang Y, Lin B, Lin Y. Clinical Outcomes of Individualized Antiplatelet Therapy Based on Platelet Function Test in Patients After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:270-279. [PMID: 36651931 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Platelet function test (PFT) is universally used to assess platelet reactivity to antiplatelet drugs in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, it remains controversial whether individualized antiplatelet therapy guided by PFT can improve the prognosis in patients after PCI. This meta-analysis was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of individualized antiplatelet therapy guided by PFT in patients after PCI. Studies that compared PFT-guided antiplatelet therapy with standard antiplatelet therapy were researched. The risks of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and major bleeding events were assessed. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were obtained. Finally, a total of 16,835 patients from 22 studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with standard antiplatelet therapy, individualized antiplatelet therapy guided by PFT significantly decreased the risk of MACCE (OR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.43-0.77) in patients after PCI. There was no significant difference in major bleeding events (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.70-1.05, P = 0.13). This study identified that PFT-guided individualized antiplatelet therapy could reduce the incidence of MACCE without increasing the risk of hemorrhage in patients after PCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Peng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yunnan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baidi Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and
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Al-abcha A, Radwan Y, Blais D, Mazzaferri EL, Boudoulas KD, Essa EM, Gumina RJ. Genotype-Guided Use of P2Y12 Inhibitors: A Review of Current State of the Art. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:850028. [PMID: 35402528 PMCID: PMC8983962 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.850028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of the purinergic receptor type Y, subtype 12 (P2Y12) inhibitors has evolved. Our understanding of the metabolism of P2Y12 inhibitors has revealed polymorphisms that impact drug metabolism and antiplatelet efficacy, leading to genetic testing guided therapy. In addition, assays of platelet function and biochemistry have provided insight into our understanding of the efficacy of "antiplatelet" therapy, identifying patients with high or low platelet reactivity on P2Y12 therapy. Despite the data, the implementation of these testing modalities has not gained mainstream adoption across hospital systems. Given differences in potency between the three clinically available P2Y12 inhibitors, the balance between thrombotic and bleeding complications must be carefully considered, especially for the large proportion of patients at higher risk for bleeding. Here we review the current data for genetic and functional testing, risk assessment strategies, and guidelines for P2Y12 inhibitors guided therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al-abcha
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yasser Radwan
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Danielle Blais
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ernest L. Mazzaferri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Essa M. Essa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mount Carmel Healthcare, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Richard J. Gumina
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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You J, Li H, Guo W, Li J, Gao L, Wang Y, Geng L, Wang X, Wan Q, Zhang Q. Platelet function testing guided antiplatelet therapy reduces cardiovascular events in Chinese patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: The PATROL study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2020; 95 Suppl 1:598-605. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.28712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieyun You
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hongda Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jiming Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Liming Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yunkai Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Liang Geng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xingxu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qing Wan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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Kukula K, Klopotowski M, Kunicki PK, Jamiolkowski J, Debski A, Bekta P, Polanska-Skrzypczyk M, Chmielak Z, Witkowski A. Platelet aggregation and risk of stent thrombosis or bleeding in interventionally treated diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:252. [PMID: 27931181 PMCID: PMC5146852 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0433-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet aggregation monitoring in diabetic patients treated with coronary interventions (PCI) for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a promising way of optimizing treatment and outcomes in this high risk group. The aim of the study was to verify whether clopidogrel response measured by Multiplate analyzer (ADPtest) in diabetic ACS patients treated with PCI predicts the risk of stent thrombosis or cardiovascular mortality and bleeding. Methods Into this prospective, observational study 206 elective PCI patients were enrolled. Two cutoff points of ADPtest were used in analysis to divide patients into groups. One (345 AU x min) was calculated based on ROC curve analysis; this cutoff provided the best ROC curve fit, although it did not reach statistical significance. The other (468 AU x min) was accepted based on the consensus of the Working Group on On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity. The risk of stent thrombosis and mortality was assessed using Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves. Results The risk of stent thrombosis was higher in the group of patients with impaired clopidogrel response for either cutoff value (for >354 AU x min - HR 12.33; 95% CI 2.49–61.1; P = 0.002). Cardiovascular mortality was also higher in the impaired clopidogrel response group (for >354 AU x min - HR 10.58; 95% CI 2.05–54.58; P = 0.005). We did not find a clear relation of increased clopidogrel response to the risk of bleeding. Conclusions The results of this study show that in diabetic ACS patient group treated with PCI an impaired platelet response to clopidogrel measured by the Multiplate analyzer results in increased risk of stent thrombosis and cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kukula
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - M Klopotowski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P K Kunicki
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jamiolkowski
- Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - A Debski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Bekta
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Polanska-Skrzypczyk
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Chmielak
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Witkowski
- Department of Interventional Cardiology and Angiology, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
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