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Tian G, Zheng Q, Zhang Q, Liu X, Lu X. Serum Elabela expression is decreased in hypertensive patients and could be associated with the progression of hypertensive renal damage. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:94. [PMID: 38297369 PMCID: PMC10832183 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01674-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elabela, a recently discovered hormonal peptide containing 32 amino acids, is a ligand for the apelin receptor. It can lower blood pressure and attenuate renal fibrosis. However, the clinicopathological relationship between Elabela level and renal damage caused by benign hypertension (BHT) and malignant hypertension (MHT) has not been elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the clinicopathological correlation between serum Elabela level and renal damage caused by BHT and MHT. METHODS The participants comprised 50 patients and 25 age-matched healthy adults. The 50 patients were separated into two groups: MHT (n = 25) and BHT groups (n = 25). We analyzed their medical histories, demographics, and clinical examinations, including physical and laboratory tests. RESULTS The results showed that serum Elabela level decreased gradually with a continuous increase in blood pressure from the healthy control group, BHT, to MHT. Moreover, Elabela levels negatively correlated with BMI (R = - 0.27, P = 0.02), SBP (r = - 0.64, P < 0.01), DBP (r = - 0.58, P < 0.01), uric acid (r = - 0.39, P < 0.01), bun (r = - 0.53, P < 0.01), and Scr (r = - 0.53 P < 0.01) but positively correlated with eGFR (r = 0.54, P < 0.01). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis showed that SBP was the variable most related to Elabela (t = - 5.592, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Serum Elabela levels decreased in patients with hypertension, especially malignant hypertension, and has the potential to be a marker of hypertension-related kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Tian
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine &Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Qingru Zhang
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xuehong Lu
- Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital, Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, China.
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Chapman FA, Maguire JJ, Newby DE, Davenport AP, Dhaun N. Targeting the apelin system for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2683-2696. [PMID: 37956047 PMCID: PMC10757586 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Its prevalence is rising due to ageing populations and the increasing incidence of diseases such as chronic kidney disease, obesity, and diabetes that are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Despite currently available treatments, there remains a huge burden of cardiovascular disease-associated morbidity for patients and healthcare systems, and newer treatments are needed. The apelin system, comprising the apelin receptor and its two endogenous ligands apelin and elabela, is a broad regulator of physiology that opposes the actions of the renin-angiotensin and vasopressin systems. Activation of the apelin receptor promotes endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and inotropy, lowers blood pressure, and promotes angiogenesis. The apelin system appears to protect against arrhythmias, inhibits thrombosis, and has broad anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic actions. It also promotes aqueous diuresis through direct and indirect (central) effects in the kidney. Thus, the apelin system offers therapeutic promise for a range of cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic diseases. This review will discuss current cardiovascular disease targets of the apelin system and future clinical utility of apelin receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Chapman
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E Newby
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Neeraj Dhaun
- BHF/University of Edinburgh Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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A Case-Control Study of the APELA Gene and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050591. [PMID: 35630008 PMCID: PMC9146499 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs) are believed to comprise a group of multifactorial genetic diseases. Recently, it was reported that APELA-knockout mice exhibited HDP-like symptoms, including proteinuria and elevated blood pressure due to defective placental angiogenesis. The aim of the present study is to determine the associations between HDPs and single-nucleotide variants or haplotypes in the human APELA gene through a case-control study. The subjects were 196 pregnant women with HDPs and a control group of 254 women without HDPs. Six single-nucleotide variants (rs2068792, rs13120303, rs4541465, rs13152225, rs78639146, and rs67448487) were selected from the APELA gene region. Although there were no significant differences for each single-nucleotide polymorphism in the case-control study, the frequency of the T-A haplotypes rs4541465–rs67448487 was significantly higher in the HDP group, especially in those with gestational hypertension, than in the control group. The results suggest that the APELA gene may be a disease-susceptibility gene for HDP.
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Kerkeni N, Kharrat M, Maazoul F, Boudabous H, M’rad R, Trabelsi M. Novel RAB3GAP1 Mutation in the First Tunisian Family With Warburg Micro Syndrome. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:214-222. [PMID: 35196747 PMCID: PMC8926778 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.2.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Kerkeni
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maher Kharrat
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Faouzi Maazoul
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Boudabous
- Department of Paediatrics, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ridha M’rad
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Mediha Trabelsi
- University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Laboratory of Human Genetics LR99ES10, Tunis, Tunisia
- Department of Congenital and Hereditary Diseases, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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5
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Plasma Levels of Apelinergic System Components in Patients with Chronic and Acute Coronary Syndromes-A Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194420. [PMID: 34640437 PMCID: PMC8509670 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of the apelinergic system components apelin (AP) and elabela (ELA) in the regulation of human cardiovascular homeostasis, and data concerning the relationship between ELA and AP and coronary artery disease (CAD) are yet unknown. The aim of the study was the evaluation of AP, ELA and APJ-receptor levels in the plasma of patients with chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). The study group consisted of 114 patients with CAD and 33 healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups: with CCS (n = 30) and ACS (n = 84). Routine laboratory tests and plasma ELA, AP-17, AP-13 and APJ receptor levels were measured. Echocardiographic data were analyzed in all patients. Levels of AP-17 and ELA were significantly lower in CCS than in healthy controls and ACS patients. We demonstrated significant increase of levels of plasma apelinergic system peptides, especially ELA and AP-17 in ACS patients compared with healthy controls and CCS, suggestive of compensating up-regulation mechanisms. There is a relationship between circulating ELA and AP-17 levels and classical, biochemical markers of ischemia and left ventricular ejection faction as well.
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Xiao X, Liu YZ, Cheng ZB, Sun JX, Shao YD, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Adipokines in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 516:15-26. [PMID: 33476587 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), a critical endocrine gland, is capable of producing and secreting abundant adipokines. Adipokines act on distant or adjacent organ tissues via paracrine, autocrine, and endocrine mechanism, which play attractive roles in the regulation of glycolipid metabolism and inflammatory response. Increasing evidence shows that adipokines can connect obesity with cardiovascular diseases by serving as promoters or inhibitors in vascular calcification. The chronic hypoxia in AT, caused by the adipocyte hypertrophy, is able to trigger imbalanced adipokine generation, which leads to apoptosis, osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), vascular inflammation, and abnormal deposition of calcium and phosphorus in the vessel wall. The objectives of this review aim at providing a brief summary of the crucial influence of major adipokines on the formation and development of vascular calcification, which may contribute to better understanding these adipokines for establishing the appropriate therapeutic strategies to counteract obesity-associated vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Xiang Sun
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Namazi G, Salami R, Pourfarzam M, Asa P, Mafi A, Raygan F. Association of the serum apelin, but not ghrelin, with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Indian Heart J 2021; 73:214-217. [PMID: 33865521 PMCID: PMC8065357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that apelin and ghrelin may participate in atherogenesis. We sought to investigate whether the serum levels of apelin and ghrelin are significantly different in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to patients with nonsignificant coronary stenosis and determine the correlation between these adipokines and the severity of coronary stenosis. The study population included 31 stable CAD patients, 38 unstable CAD patients, and 39 non-CAD subjects. Serum levels of apelin and ghrelin, fasting blood glucose, lipid parameters, hs-CRP and hematological indices were determined in all groups using routine standard laboratory procedures. Serum apelin levels were significantly lower in patient with unstable CAD (0.354 ± 0.063 ng/mL) compared to stable CAD patients (0.401 ± 0.045 ng/mL, p = 0.003) and non-CAD subjects (0.415 ± 0.055 ng/mL, p<0.001). In addition, serum apelin levels were inversely correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis in CAD patients (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in ghrelin levels among the 3 groups. This data may suggest that the presence of unstable CAD may be associated with lower serum apelin which may indicate the potential role of this peptide in the progression and destabilization of coronary plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Namazi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran.
| | - Raziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parastoo Asa
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
| | - Fariba Raygan
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R, Iran
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8
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Chanana N, Palmo T, Newman JH, Pasha MAQ. Vascular homeostasis at high-altitude: role of genetic variants and transcription factors. Pulm Circ 2020; 10:2045894020913475. [PMID: 33282179 PMCID: PMC7682230 DOI: 10.1177/2045894020913475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High-altitude pulmonary edema occurs most frequently in non-acclimatized low landers on exposure to altitude ≥2500 m. High-altitude pulmonary edema is a complex condition that involves perturbation of signaling pathways in vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, anti-diuretics, and vascular growth factors. Genetic variations are instrumental in regulating these pathways and evidence is accumulating for a role of epigenetic modification in hypoxic responses. This review focuses on the crosstalk between high-altitude pulmonary edema-associated genetic variants and transcription factors, comparing high-altitude adapted and high-altitude pulmonary edema-afflicted subjects. This approach might ultimately yield biomarker information both to understand and to design therapies for high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chanana
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Tsering Palmo
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - John H Newman
- Pulmonary Circulation Center, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India.,Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
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9
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Dolanbay T, Makav M, Gul HF, Karakurt E. The effect of diclofenac sodium intoxication on the cardiovascular system in rats. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 46:560-566. [PMID: 33272872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diclofenac sodium (DS) is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Although its high doses are known to cause toxic effects in many tissues including liver and kidney, the effects on the cardiovascular system (CVS) have not been fully elucidated yet. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DS on CVS. METHODS The Control group did not receive medication; however, a single dose of 240 mg/kg DS was administered orally to the DS group. Electrocardiography (ECG) measurements were performed in all animals before (0thhour) and after (1st,6th,12th,24thhour) intoxication. After 24 h, All animals were sacrificed. Biochemical (malondialdehyde [MDA], and glutathione (GSH), Apelin, Elabela, Meteorin, Endoglin, Keap1, and Nrf2) and histopathological analyzes were performed on heart tissue samples. RESULTS ECG results showed that there was a statistically significant increase in QTc, QRS, and heart rate at the 12th and 24th hours in the DS group. The biochemical analysis showed that GSH, Apelin, Keap1, and NRF2 values decreased significantly while Meteorin and Endoglin levels increased in the DS group. When histopathological results were evaluated, distinct lesions were observed in the DS group. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high doses of DS intake can cause adverse effects on and damage to CVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turgut Dolanbay
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Emergency, Kars, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Makav
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kars, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Fatih Gul
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kars, Turkey
| | - Emin Karakurt
- Kafkas University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kars, Turkey
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Read C, Nyimanu D, Williams TL, Huggins DJ, Sulentic P, Macrae RGC, Yang P, Glen RC, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CVII. Structure and Pharmacology of the Apelin Receptor with a Recommendation that Elabela/Toddler Is a Second Endogenous Peptide Ligand. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:467-502. [PMID: 31492821 PMCID: PMC6731456 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The predicted protein encoded by the APJ gene discovered in 1993 was originally classified as a class A G protein-coupled orphan receptor but was subsequently paired with a novel peptide ligand, apelin-36 in 1998. Substantial research identified a family of shorter peptides activating the apelin receptor, including apelin-17, apelin-13, and [Pyr1]apelin-13, with the latter peptide predominating in human plasma and cardiovascular system. A range of pharmacological tools have been developed, including radiolabeled ligands, analogs with improved plasma stability, peptides, and small molecules including biased agonists and antagonists, leading to the recommendation that the APJ gene be renamed APLNR and encode the apelin receptor protein. Recently, a second endogenous ligand has been identified and called Elabela/Toddler, a 54-amino acid peptide originally identified in the genomes of fish and humans but misclassified as noncoding. This precursor is also able to be cleaved to shorter sequences (32, 21, and 11 amino acids), and all are able to activate the apelin receptor and are blocked by apelin receptor antagonists. This review summarizes the pharmacology of these ligands and the apelin receptor, highlights the emerging physiologic and pathophysiological roles in a number of diseases, and recommends that Elabela/Toddler is a second endogenous peptide ligand of the apelin receptor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Read
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Duuamene Nyimanu
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Thomas L Williams
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - David J Huggins
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Petra Sulentic
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Robyn G C Macrae
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Peiran Yang
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Robert C Glen
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Janet J Maguire
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
| | - Anthony P Davenport
- Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.R., D.N., T.L.W., D.J.H., P.S., R.G.C.M., P.Y., J.J.M., A.P.D.); The Centre for Molecular Informatics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom (D.J.H., R.C.G.); and Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom (R.C.G.)
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11
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Wang T, Liu C, Jia L, Ding J. The association between apelin polymorphisms and hypertension in China: A meta-analysis. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2019; 20:1470320319827204. [PMID: 30755060 PMCID: PMC6376513 DOI: 10.1177/1470320319827204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Apelin plays an important part in regulating blood pressure, metabolism, and the development of cancer. Recent studies have investigated the association of apelin polymorphisms and hypertension risk, but no meta-analysis has been conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five studies were included in this meta-analysis in total. The pooled odds ratio and its corresponding 95% confidence interval were calculated by the random-effect model. RESULTS: The overall pooled odds ratio of the distribution of rs3761581 G allelic frequency was 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.82-1.00). In female participants, the pooled odds ratio of the frequency of G allele was 1.01 (95% confidence interval: 0.89-1.14). For males, the pooled odds ratio of the frequency of G allele was 0.69 (95% confidence interval: 0.46-1.03). As for rs56204867, the overall pooled odds ratio of the frequency of G allele was 1.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.37). In females, the pooled odds ratio of the frequencies of the G allele was 1.05 (95% confidence interval: 0.86-1.29). In male participants, the frequency of G allele did not show significant correlation with hypertension (pooled odds ratio=1.21 95% confidence interval: 0.81-1.79). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis revealed that there was no correlation between apelin polymorphisms, rs3761581 and rs56204867, and the prevalence of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- 1 NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), Jilin University, P.R. China
| | - Conghe Liu
- 1 NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), Jilin University, P.R. China
| | - Lili Jia
- 1 NHC Key Laboratory of Radiobiology (Ministry of Health), Jilin University, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ding
- 2 China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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12
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Arababadi MK, Asadikaram P, Asadikaram G. APLN/APJ pathway: The key regulator of macrophage functions. Life Sci 2019; 232:116645. [PMID: 31299236 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles during cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and their related complications. Apelin (APLN) is a key molecule, whose roles during CVD have been documented previously. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that APLN may perform its roles via modulation of macrophages. Additionally, due to the widespread distribution of the CVD, more effective therapeutic strategies need to be developed to overcome the related complications. This review article collected recent information regarding the roles of APLN on the macrophages and discusses its potential chance to be a target for molecular/cellular therapy of APLN and the APLN treated macrophages for CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipur Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Parisa Asadikaram
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipur Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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13
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Zhang M, Peng F, Lin L, Yu M, Huang C, Hu D, Guo Q, Xu C, Lin J. Association study of apelin-APJ system genetic polymorphisms with incident metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population: a case-control study. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3807-3817. [PMID: 31217908 PMCID: PMC6557210 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Apelin-APJ system has been implicated in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. This study aimed to explore the genetic predisposition of the apelin-APJ system to metabolic syndrome.
Materials And Methods: 1005 subjects were enrolled, including 448 metabolic syndrome patients and 557 controls. Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, including rs909656, rs5975126, and rs3115757 of the apelin gene and rs7119375, rs10501367, rs9943582 and rs11544374 of the APJ gene, were genotyped.
Results: For males, apelin-36 were higher in metabolic syndrome subjects compared with controls (p < 0.05). Apelin-36 were significantly lower in those with TT genotype of rs10501367 than those with CC and CT genotypes (p < 0.05), and fasting plasma glucose were higher in T allele carriers of rs10501367 and A allele carriers of rs7119375 compared with non-carriers (both p < 0.05). A significant difference in genotype distribution between diabetes mellitus patients and controls existed for both rs10501367 and rs7119375 (both p < 0.05). However, the association between apelin-APJ system genetic polymorphisms and metabolic syndrome was nonsignificant.
For females, apelin-36 were higher in metabolic syndrome subjects compared with controls (p < 0.05). The association between apelin-APJ system genetic polymorphisms and apelin-36, fasting plasma glucose and diabetes mellitus was nonsignificant. However, carrying A allele in rs7119375 was associated with lower metabolic syndrome risk compared with non-carriers of A allele (odds ratio: 0.646, 95% confidence interval: 0.420–0.994, p = 0.043).
Conclusions: The current findings revealed a gender-specific association of apelin-APJ system genetic polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome and glucose homeostasis disorders in a Han Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Mingzhong Yu
- Department of Cadre Ward, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chengyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Hu
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qinghui Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changsheng Xu
- Fujian Provincial Institute of Hypertension, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinxiu Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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14
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Li Y, Yang X, Ouyang S, He J, Yu B, Lin X, Zhang Q, Tao J. Declined circulating Elabela levels in patients with essential hypertension and its association with impaired vascular function: A preliminary study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019; 42:239-243. [PMID: 31116039 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2019.1619756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Elabela (ELA) is a newly identified endogenous ligand of apelin receptor (APJ) which has been confirmed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Previous experiments have revealed the critical role of ELA in eliciting vasodilation and lowering blood pressure. However, the role of plasma ELA levels in hypertensive patients and its relationship with vascular function have not been investigated.Method: Thirty-one patients with essential hypertension (EH) and 31 age-matched healthy subjects as controls were recruited in the study. Plasma ELA concentration and vascular function parameters including brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were measured.Results: We observed remarkably lower plasma ELA concentration in hypertensive patients as compared with controls (1.29 ± 0.56 ng/ml vs. 1.79 ± 0.55 ng/ml; P = 0.001). Linear correlation analysis showed that ELA was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure (r = -0.388, P = 0.002) and diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.321, P = 0.011) and positively correlated with FMD (r = 0.319, P = 0.011). There was no statistically significant relationship between ELA and baPWV (r = 0.234, P = 0.067). Stepwise multiple linear analysis also identified a close association of plasma ELA levels with endothelial function.Conclusion: The present study demonstrates for the first time that circulating ELA levels are reduced in patients with EH. The fall in endogenous ELA levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xulong Yang
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiang He
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbo Yu
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiufang Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Hypertension and Vascular Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Wu XD, Zhang N, Liang M, Liu WL, Lin BB, Xiao YR, Li YZ, Zeng K, Lin CZ. Gender-specific association between Apelin/APJ gene polymorphisms and hypertension risk in Southeast China. Gene 2018; 669:63-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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16
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Nowzari Z, Masoumi M, Nazari-Robati M, Akbari H, Shahrokhi N, Asadikaram G. Association of polymorphisms of leptin, leptin receptor and apelin receptor genes with susceptibility to coronary artery disease and hypertension. Life Sci 2018; 207:166-171. [PMID: 29883719 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Apelin and leptin are factors which have a potential physiological and pathological role in cardiovascular homoeostasis. Apelin receptor (APLNR), leptin receptor (LEPR) and leptin variants may affect the vascular tone in heart or peripheral circulation, thereby predisposing patients to hypertension and coronary artery disease (CAD). The aim of the present study was to evaluate four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of APLNR genes (rs11544374 and rs948847), LEPR (rs1137101) and leptin (rs7799039) gene in patients with CAD and hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-control study was carried out on 286 CAD-suspected patients. The participants were divided into four subgroups including: CAD patients with no hypertension (H-CAD+), hypertensive patients with no CAD (H+CAD-), CAD patients with hypertension (H+CAD+) and non-hypertensive non-CAD subjects as control group (H-CAD-). Genomic DNA from whole blood was extracted and four SNPs were assessed using PCR-RFLP. KEY FINDINGS A significant difference was found in the genotype frequency of APLNR rs11544374 gene in H+CAD+ and H-CAD+ groups compared to control subjects (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Regarding the rs1137101, the prevalence of A allele compared to G allele was significantly different among the four groups (P = 0.02). Results of multinomial regression analysis indicated that G allele carriers in the recessive genetic model (AA vs. AG + GG) of rs11544374 had a significantly protective effect compared to H-CAD+ and H+CAD+after adjustment (OR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.02-0.61; P = 0.01 and OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.17-0.98; P = 0.04, respectively). SIGNIFICANCE The findings of present study revealed that the APLNR rs11544374 gene polymorphism might serve as predisposing factor in CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Nowzari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoumi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamed Akbari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Nader Shahrokhi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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17
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Abstract
Apelin is a vasoactive peptide and is an endogenous ligand for APJ receptors, which are widely expressed in blood vessels, heart, and cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain. A growing body of evidence now demonstrates a regulatory role for the apelin/APJ receptor system in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, thus making it a potential target for cardiovascular drug discovery and development. Indeed, ongoing studies are investigating the potential benefits of apelin and apelin-mimetics for disorders such as heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Apelin causes relaxation of isolated arteries, and systemic administration of apelin typically results in a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and an increase in blood flow. Nonetheless, vasopressor responses and contraction of vascular smooth muscle in response to apelin have also been observed under certain conditions. The goal of the current review is to summarize major findings regarding the apelin/APJ receptor system in blood vessels, with an emphasis on regulation of vascular tone, and to identify areas of investigation that may provide guidance for the development of novel therapeutic agents that target this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amreen Mughal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Stephen T O'Rourke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University Fargo, ND, USA.
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18
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Miller CN, Dye JA, Schladweiler MC, Richards JH, Ledbetter AD, Stewart E, Kodavanti UP. Acute inhalation of ozone induces DNA methylation of apelin in lungs of Long-Evans rats. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:178-186. [PMID: 29947284 PMCID: PMC6681647 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1483984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apelin has cardiopulmonary protective properties that promote vasodilation and maintenance of the endothelial barrier. While reductions in apelin have been identified as a contributor to various lung diseases, including pulmonary edema, its role in the effect of air pollutants has not been examined. Thus, in the current study, we sought to investigate if apelin is a downstream target of inhaled ozone and if such change in expression is related to altered DNA methylation in the lung. Male, Long-Evans rats were exposed to filtered air or 1.0 ppm ozone for 4 h. Ventilation changes were assessed using whole-body plethysmography immediately following exposure, and markers of pulmonary edema and inflammation were assessed in the bronchoaveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. The enzymatic regulators of DNA methylation were measured in the lung, along with methylation and hydroxymethylation of the apelin promoter. Data showed that ozone exposure was associated with increased enhanced pause and protein leakage in the BAL fluid. Ozone exposure reduced DNA cytosine-5-methyltransferase (DNMT) activity and Dnmt3a/b gene expression. Exposure-induced upregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, indicative of DNA damage, repair, and maintenance methylation. Increased methylation and reduced hydroxymethylation were measured on the apelin promoter. These epigenetic modifications accompanied ozone-induced reduction of apelin expression and development of pulmonary edema. In conclusion, epigenetic regulation, specifically increased methylation of the apelin promoter downstream of DNA damage, may lead to reductions in protective signaling of the apelinergic system, contributing to the pulmonary edema observed following the exposure to oxidant air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette N. Miller
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Janice A. Dye
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Judy H. Richards
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Allen D. Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Erica Stewart
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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19
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Luo X, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen L. Apelin/APJ system: A critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5180-5188. [PMID: 29215755 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
APJ, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, is first identified through homology cloning in 1993. Apelin is endogenous ligand of APJ extracted from bovine stomach tissue in 1998. Apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in many kinds of cells such as endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, especially vascular smooth muscle cell. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), an integral part of the vascular wall, takes part in many normal physiological processes. Our experiment firstly finds that apelin/APJ system enhances VSMC proliferation by ERK1/2-cyclin D1 signal pathway. Accumulating studies also show that apelin/APJ system plays a pivotal role in mediating the function of VSMC. In this paper, we review the exact role of apelin/APJ system in VSMC, including induction of proliferation and migration, enhance of contraction and relaxation, inhibition of calcification. Furthermore, we discuss the role of apelin/APJ system in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the point of VSMC. Above all, apelin/APJ system is a promising target for managing vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Luo
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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20
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Zhang ZZ, Wang W, Jin HY, Chen X, Cheng YW, Xu YL, Song B, Penninger JM, Oudit GY, Zhong JC. Apelin Is a Negative Regulator of Angiotensin II-Mediated Adverse Myocardial Remodeling and Dysfunction. Hypertension 2017; 70:1165-1175. [PMID: 28974565 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.10156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The apelin pathway has emerged as a critical regulator of cardiovascular homeostasis and disease. However, the exact role of pyr1-apelin-13 in angiotensin (Ang) II-mediated heart disease remains unclear. We used apelin-deficient (APLN-/y) and apolipoprotein E knockout mice to evaluate the regulatory roles of pyr1-apelin-13. The 1-year aged APLN-/y mice developed myocardial hypertrophy and dysfunction with reduced angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels. Ang II infusion (1.5 mg kg-1 d-1) for 4 weeks potentiated oxidative stress, pathological hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in young APLN-/y hearts resulting in exacerbation of cardiac dysfunction. Importantly, daily administration of 100 μg/kg pyr1-apelin-13 resulted in upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels, decreased superoxide production and expression of hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related genes leading to attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the Ang II-infused apolipoprotein E knockout mice. In addition, pyr1-apelin-13 treatment largely attenuated Ang II-induced apoptosis and ultrastructural injury in the apolipoprotein E knockout mice by activating Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation signaling. In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, exposure of Ang II decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein and increased superoxide generation, cellular proliferation, and migration, which were rescued by pyr1-apelin-13, and Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase agonist stimulation. The increased superoxide generation and apoptosis in cultured cardiofibroblasts in response to Ang II were strikingly prevented by pyr1-apelin-13 which was partially reversed by cotreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206. In conclusion, pyr1-apelin-13 peptide pathway is a negative regulator of aging-mediated and Ang II-mediated adverse myocardial remodeling and dysfunction and represents a potential candidate to prevent and treat heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhou Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Wang Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Hai-Yan Jin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Xueyi Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Ying-Le Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Bei Song
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Josef M Penninger
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.)
| | - Gavin Y Oudit
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.).
| | - Jiu-Chang Zhong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics and Shanghai Institute of Hypertension (Z.-Z.Z., Y.-W.C., Y.-L.X., B.S., J.-C.Z.) and Department of Mental Health (H.-Y.J.), Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, China (Z.-Z.Z., J.-C.Z.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.) and Department of Physiology (W.W., X.C., G.Y.O.), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; and Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (J.M.P.).
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Jędzura A, Adamczyk P, Bjanid O, Świętochowska E, Roszkowska-Bjanid D, Baraniecka A, Banaszak B, Plesiński K, Morawiec-Knysak A, Ziora K, Szczepańska M. Non-dipping status and selected adipokines concentration in children with primary arterial hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jędzura
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Piotr Adamczyk
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Omar Bjanid
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Chair and Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, SMDZ in Zabrze, SUM in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dagmara Roszkowska-Bjanid
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Baraniecka
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beata Banaszak
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Aurelia Morawiec-Knysak
- Dialysis Division for Children, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Public Clinical Hospital, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziora
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maria Szczepańska
- Chair and Clinical Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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22
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Association of apelin and apelin receptor with the risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57345-57355. [PMID: 28915675 PMCID: PMC5593646 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that apelin-APLNR (apelin receptor) pathway plays a central role in cardiovascular system. In this meta-analysis, we summarized published results on circulating apelin concentration in association with coronary artery disease (CAD), apelin and APLNR genetic polymorphism(s) in predisposition to CAD risk and circulating apelin changes after surgical treatment for CAD. The results from 15 articles were pooled. Two authors independently took charge of literature search, article selection and information collection. Overall, circulating apelin concentration was significantly lower in CAD patients (N=1021) than in controls (N=654) (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -1.285 ng/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.790 to -0.780, P<0001), with significant heterogeneity (I2=99.3%) but without publication bias. For the association of APLNR gene rs9943582 polymorphism with CAD (patients/controls: 5975/4717), the mutant T allele was associated with a 5.2% increased risk relative to the wild C allele (odds ratio: 1.052, 95% CI: 0.990 to 1.117, P=0.100), without heterogeneity (I2=0.0%) or publication bias. Circulating apelin was increased significantly after surgical treatment for CAD (N=202) (WMD: 2.011 ng/mL, 95% CI: 0.541 to 3.481, P=0.007), with significant heterogeneity (I2=98.0%). Stratified analyses showed that circulating apelin was significantly reduced in studies with age- and sex-matched patients and controls (WMD: -1.881 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.457 to -1.304, P<0.001) and with total sample size ≥125 (WMD: -1.657 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.378 to -0.936, P<0.001), relative to studies without matching reports and with total sample size <125. In brief, our results suggested that circulating apelin was a prominent athero-protective marker against the development of CAD.
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