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Chen H, Yu S, Zhang X, Gao Y, Wang H, Li Y, He D, Jia W. Comparative proteomics reveals that fatty acid metabolism is involved in myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxic injury. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305571. [PMID: 38885281 PMCID: PMC11182518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most serious form of heart disease, and chronic hypoxia is the basic physiological process underlying CHD. Some patients with CHD do not undergo surgery, and thus, they remain susceptible to chronic hypoxia, suggesting that some protective mechanism might exist in CHD patients. However, the mechanism underlying myocardial adaptation to chronic hypoxia remains unclear. Proteomics was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins in cardiomyocytes cultured under hypoxia for different durations. Western blotting assays were used to verify protein expression. A Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA) was used to analyze cell growth. In this study, 3881 proteins were identified by proteomics. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis revealed that proteins were enriched in regulating oxidoreductase activity. Functional similarity cluster analyses showed that chronic hypoxia resulted in proteins enrichment in the mitochondrial metabolic pathway. Further KEGG analyses found that the proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation were markedly upregulated. Moreover, knockdown of CPT1A or ECI1, which is critical for fatty acid degradation, suppressed the growth of cardiomyocytes under chronic hypoxia. The results of our study revealed that chronic hypoxia activates fatty acid metabolism to maintain the growth of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiran Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Pidu District People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Pengzhou People’s Hospital, Pengzhou, China
| | - Yujie Gao
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongqi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuankun Li
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongsheng He
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Weikun Jia
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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2
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Salameh S, Ogueri V, Posnack NG. Adapting to a new environment: postnatal maturation of the human cardiomyocyte. J Physiol 2023; 601:2593-2619. [PMID: 37031380 PMCID: PMC10775138 DOI: 10.1113/jp283792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian heart undergoes remarkable developmental changes, which are stimulated by the transition from the intrauterine to extrauterine environment. With birth, increased oxygen levels promote metabolic, structural and biophysical maturation of cardiomyocytes, resulting in mature muscle with increased efficiency, contractility and electrical conduction. In this Topical Review article, we highlight key studies that inform our current understanding of human cardiomyocyte maturation. Collectively, these studies suggest that human atrial and ventricular myocytes evolve quickly within the first year but might not reach a fully mature adult phenotype until nearly the first decade of life. However, it is important to note that fetal, neonatal and paediatric cardiac physiology studies are hindered by a number of limitations, including the scarcity of human tissue, small sample size and a heavy reliance on diseased tissue samples, often without age-matched healthy controls. Future developmental studies are warranted to expand our understanding of normal cardiac physiology/pathophysiology and inform age-appropriate treatment strategies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha Salameh
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Ogueri
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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3
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La Rocca P, Lavota I, Piccoli M, Cirillo F, Ghiroldi A, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Allevi P, Rota P, Anastasia L. Analysis of the intramolecular 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid using HPLC-MS: relationship between detection and stability. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:343-354. [PMID: 37084126 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
A subclass of the sialic acid family consists of intramolecular lactones that may function as key indicators of physiological and pathological states. However, the existence of these compounds in free form is highly improbable, since they are unlikely to exist in an aqueous solution due to their lability. Current analytical method used to detect them in biological fluids has not recognized their reactivity in solution and is prone to misidentification. However, recent advances in synthetic methods for 1,7-lactones have allowed the preparation of these sialic acid derivatives as authentic reference standards. We report here the development of a new HPLC-MS method for the simultaneous detection of the 1,7-lactone of N-acetylneuraminic acid, its γ-lactone derivative, and N-acetylneuraminic acid that overcomes the limitations of the previous analytical procedure for their identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo La Rocca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Allevi
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, 20133, Italy.
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, 20097, Italy.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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4
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Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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5
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Djalinac N, Kolesnik E, Maechler H, Scheruebel-Posch S, Pelzmann B, Rainer PP, Foessl I, Wallner M, Scherr D, Heinemann A, Sedej S, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, von Lewinski D, Bisping E. miR-1183 Is a Key Marker of Remodeling upon Stretch and Tachycardia in Human Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136962. [PMID: 35805966 PMCID: PMC9266684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cardiac insults causing atrial remodeling are linked to either stretch or tachycardia, but a comparative characterization of their effects on early remodeling events in human myocardium is lacking. Here, we applied isometric stretch or sustained tachycardia at 2.5 Hz in human atrial trabeculae for 6 h followed by microarray gene expression profiling. Among largely independent expression patterns, we found a small common fraction with the microRNA miR-1183 as the highest up-regulated transcript (up to 4-fold). Both, acute stretch and tachycardia induced down-regulation of the predicted miR-1183 target genes ADAM20 and PLA2G7. Furthermore, miR-1183 was also significantly up-regulated in chronically remodeled atrial samples from patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (3-fold up-regulation versus sinus rhythm samples), and in ventricular myocardium from dilative cardiomyopathy hearts (2-fold up-regulation) as compared to non-failing controls. In sum, although stretch and tachycardia show distinct transcriptomic signatures in human atrial myocardium, both cardiac insults consistently regulate the expression of miR-1183 and its downstream targets in acute and chronic remodeling. Thus, elevated expression of miR-1183 might serve as a tissue biomarker for atrial remodeling and might be of potential functional significance in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasa Djalinac
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- Unit of Human Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Biology, University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Ewald Kolesnik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
| | - Heinrich Maechler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Susanne Scheruebel-Posch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.S.-P.); (B.P.)
| | - Brigitte Pelzmann
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (S.S.-P.); (B.P.)
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Ines Foessl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Markus Wallner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (D.v.L.); Tel.: +43-316-385-31261 (M.W.); +43-316-385-80684 (D.v.L.)
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Simon Sedej
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Dirk von Lewinski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (D.v.L.); Tel.: +43-316-385-31261 (M.W.); +43-316-385-80684 (D.v.L.)
| | - Egbert Bisping
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (N.D.); (E.K.); (P.P.R.); (D.S.); (S.S.); (S.L.-H.); (E.B.)
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Miyagi T, Yamamoto K. Review sialidase NEU3 and its pathological significance. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:677-683. [PMID: 35675020 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases (EC 3.2.1.18, also called neuraminidases) catalyze the removal of α-glycosidically linked sialic acid residues from glycoproteins and glycolipids; this is the initial step in the degradation of these glycoconjugates. Sialidases of mammalian origin have been implicated in not only lysosomal catabolism but also the modulation of functional molecules involved in many biological processes. To date, four types of mammalian sialidases have been cloned and designated as Neu1, Neu2, Neu3 and Neu4. These sialidases differ in their subcellular localization and enzymatic properties, as well as their chromosomal localization, and they are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. Among the sialidases, the plasma membrane-associated sialidase Neu3 appears to play particular roles in controlling transmembrane signaling through the modulation of gangliosides, and its aberrant expression is closely related to various pathogeneses, including that of cancer. Interestingly, the human orthologue NEU3 acts in two ways, catalytic hydrolysis of gangliosides and protein interactions with other signaling molecules. Aberrant NEU3 expression can induce various pathological conditions. This review briefly summarizes recent studies, focusing on the involvement of NEU3 in various pathological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Miyagi
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan.
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
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Piccoli M, Coviello S, Canali ME, Rota P, La Rocca P, Cirillo F, Lavota I, Tarantino A, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Ghiroldi A, Anastasia L. Neu3 Sialidase Activates the RISK Cardioprotective Signaling Pathway during Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury (IRI). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116090. [PMID: 35682772 PMCID: PMC9181429 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary reperfusion strategies are life-saving approaches to restore blood flow to cardiac tissue after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, the sudden restoration of normal blood flow leads to ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI), which results in cardiomyoblast death, irreversible tissue degeneration, and heart failure. The molecular mechanism of IRI is not fully understood, and there are no effective cardioprotective strategies to prevent it. In this study, we show that activation of sialidase-3, a glycohydrolytic enzyme that cleaves sialic acid residues from glycoconjugates, is cardioprotective by triggering RISK pro-survival signaling pathways. We found that overexpression of Neu3 significantly increased cardiomyoblast resistance to IRI through activation of HIF-1α and Akt/Erk signaling pathways. This raises the possibility of using Sialidase-3 activation as a cardioprotective reperfusion strategy after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Simona Coviello
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Maria Elena Canali
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
| | - Paola Rota
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo La Rocca
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Ivana Lavota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-7746 (A.G.); +39-02-2643-7756 (L.A.)
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan 2, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (S.C.); (M.E.C.); (F.C.); (I.L.); (A.T.)
- Institute for Molecular and Translational Cardiology (IMTC), San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy; (P.R.); (P.L.R.); (G.C.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Via Olgettina 58, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (L.A.); Tel.: +39-02-2643-7746 (A.G.); +39-02-2643-7756 (L.A.)
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8
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Ottolenghi S, Milano G, Cas MD, Findley TO, Paroni R, Corno AF. Can Erythropoietin Reduce Hypoxemic Neurological Damages in Neonates With Congenital Heart Defects? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770590. [PMID: 34912224 PMCID: PMC8666450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD), the most common cause of birth defects with increasing birth prevalence, affect nearly 1% of live births worldwide. Cyanotic CHD are characterized by hypoxemia, with subsequent reduced oxygen delivery to the brain, especially critical during brain development, beginning in the fetus and continuing through the neonatal period. Therefore, neonates with CHD carry a high risk for neurological comorbidities, even more frequently when there are associated underlying genetic disorders. We review the currently available knowledge on potential prevention strategies to reduce brain damage induced by hypoxemia during fetal development and immediately after birth, and the role of erythropoietin (EPO) as a potential adjunctive treatment. Maternal hyper-oxygenation had been studied as a potential therapeutic to improve fetal oxygenation. Despite demonstrating some effectiveness, maternal hyper-oxygenation has proven to be impractical for extensive clinical application, thus prompting the investigation of specific pathways for pharmacological intervention. Among those, the role of antioxidant pathways and Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIF) have been studied for their involvement in the protective response to hypoxic injury. One of the proteins induced by HIF, EPO, has properties of being anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and protective for neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. In human trials, EPO administration in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) significantly reduced the neurological hypoxemic damages in several reported studies. Currently, it is unknown if the mechanisms of pathophysiology of cyanotic CHD are like HIE. Neonates with cyanotic CHD are exposed to both chronic hypoxemia and episodes of acute ischemia-reperfusion injury when undergo cardiopulmonary bypass surgery requiring aortic cross-clamp and general anesthesia. Our review supports future trials to evaluate the potential efficiency of EPO in reducing the hypoxemic neurologic damages in neonates with CHD. Furthermore, it suggests the need to identify early biomarkers of hypoxia-induced neurological damage, which must be sensitive to the neuroprotective effects of EPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ottolenghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Tina O Findley
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Institute, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio F Corno
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Heart Institute, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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9
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. Hypoxia/ischemia impairs CD33 (Siglec-3)/TREM2 signaling: Potential role in Alzheimer's pathogenesis. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105186. [PMID: 34530055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent genetic and molecular studies have indicated that the innate immune system, especially microglia, have a crucial role in the accumulation of β-amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, the CD33 receptor, also called Siglec-3, inhibits the TREM2 receptor-induced phagocytic activity of microglia. CD33 receptors recognize the α2,3 and α2,6-linked sialic groups in tissue glycocalyx, especially sialylated gangliosides in human brain. The CD33 receptor triggers cell-type specific responses, e.g., in microglia, CD33 inhibits phagocytosis, whereas in natural killer cells, it inhibits the cytotoxic activity of the NKG2D receptor. Nonetheless, the regulation of the activity of CD33 receptor needs to be clarified. For example, it seems that hypoxia/ischemia, a potential cause of AD pathology, increases the expression of CD33 and its downstream target SHP-1, a tyrosine phosphatase which suppresses the phagocytosis driven by TREM2. Moreover, hypoxia/ischemia increases the deposition of sialylated gangliosides, e.g., GM1, GM2, GM3, and GD1, which are ligands for inhibitory CD33/Siglec-3 receptors. In addition, β-amyloid peptides bind to the sialylated gangliosides in raft-like clusters and subsequently these gangliosides act as seeds for the formation of β-amyloid plaques in AD pathology. It is known that senile plaques contain sialylated GM1, GM2, and GM3 gangliosides, i.e., the same species induced by hypoxia/ischemia treatment. Sialylated gangliosides in plaques might stimulate the CD33/Siglec-3 receptors of microglia and thus impede TREM2-driven phagocytosis. We propose that hypoxia/ischemia, e.g., via the accumulation of sialylated gangliosides, prevents the phagocytosis of β-amyloid deposits by inhibiting CD33/TREM2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland; Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, KYS, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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10
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Sommer N, Weissmann N, Ghofrani HA. Metabolic Reprogramming in Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease: Another Fight in Puberty? Circulation 2021; 143:2273-2276. [PMID: 34097444 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Sommer
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany (N.S., N.W., H.-A.G.)
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany (N.S., N.W., H.-A.G.)
| | - Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Germany (N.S., N.W., H.-A.G.).,Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (H.-A.G.)
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11
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Zhang JY, Chen QQ, Li J, Zhang L, Qi LW. Neuraminidase 1 and its Inhibitors from Chinese Herbal Medicines: An Emerging Role for Cardiovascular Diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2021; 49:843-862. [PMID: 33827385 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x21500403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidase, also known as sialidase, is ubiquitous in animals and microorganisms. It is predominantly distributed in the cell membrane, cytoplasmic vesicles, and lysosomes. Neuraminidase generally recognizes the sialic acid glycosidic bonds at the ends of glycoproteins or glycolipids and enzymatically removes sialic acid. There are four types of neuraminidases, named as Neu1, Neu2, Neu3, and Neu4. Among them, Neu1 is the most abundant in mammals. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of Neu1 in several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancers, and neurological disorders. In this review, we center the attention to the role of Neu1 in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemic myocardial injury, cerebrovascular disease, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary embolism. We also summarize inhibitors from Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in inhibiting virus neuraminidase or human Neu1. Many Chinese herbs and Chinese herb preparations, such as Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Scutellariae Radix, Yupingfeng San, and Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, have neuraminidase inhibitory activity. We hope to highlight the emerging role of Neu1 in humans and potentially titillate interest for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China.,Clinical Metabolomics Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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12
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Role of sialidase Neu3 and ganglioside GM3 in cardiac fibroblasts activation. Biochem J 2021; 477:3401-3415. [PMID: 32869836 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a key physiological response to cardiac tissue injury to protect the heart from wall rupture. However, its progression increases heart stiffness, eventually causing a decrease in heart contractility. Unfortunately, to date, no efficient antifibrotic therapies are available to the clinic. This is primarily due to the complexity of the process, which involves several cell types and signaling pathways. For instance, the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway has been recognized to be vital for myofibroblasts activation and fibrosis progression. In this context, complex sphingolipids, such as ganglioside GM3, have been shown to be directly involved in TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-R1) activation. In this work, we report that an induced up-regulation of sialidase Neu3, a glycohydrolytic enzyme involved in ganglioside cell homeostasis, can significantly reduce cardiac fibrosis in primary cultures of human cardiac fibroblasts by inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway, ultimately decreasing collagen I deposition. These results support the notion that modulating ganglioside GM3 cell content could represent a novel therapeutic approach for cardiac fibrosis, warranting for further investigations.
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13
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Cirillo F, Resmini G, Angelino E, Ferrara M, Tarantino A, Piccoli M, Rota P, Ghiroldi A, Monasky MM, Ciconte G, Pappone C, Graziani A, Anastasia L. HIF-1α Directly Controls WNT7A Expression During Myogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:593508. [PMID: 33262987 PMCID: PMC7686515 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.593508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we unveil that Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) directly regulates WNT7A expression during myogenesis. In fact, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChiP) and site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed two distinct hypoxia response elements (HREs) that are specific HIF-1α binding sites on the WNT7A promoter. Remarkably, a pharmacological activation of HIF-1α induced WNT7A expression and enhanced muscle differentiation. On the other hand, silencing of WNT7A using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing blocked the effects of HIF-1α activation on myogenesis. Finally, treatment with prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) inhibitors improved muscle regeneration in vitro and in vivo in a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced muscle injury mouse model, paving the way for further studies to test its efficacy on acute and chronic muscular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cirillo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Giulia Resmini
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Elia Angelino
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Chromatin Dynamics Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Tarantino
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Piccoli
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Paola Rota
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghiroldi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Ciconte
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luigi Anastasia
- Laboratory of Stem Cells for Tissue Engineering, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Faculty of Medicine, Milan, Italy
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14
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Hu C, Huang S, Wu F, Ding H. MicroRNA-219-5p participates in cyanotic congenital heart disease progression by regulating cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:36. [PMID: 33262822 PMCID: PMC7690344 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) play important roles in the protection against and development of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, the role and potential mechanisms of miR-219-5p in cyanotic CHD remains unclear. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure miR-219-5p levels in cyanotic CHD and hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm whether liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1) was a direct target of miR-219-5p. miR-219-5p inhibitor and LRH-1-small interfering RNA were transfected into H9C2 cells under hypoxic conditions to investigate the role of miR-219-5p in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cells. Subsequently, cell viability was detected using an MTT assay and cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. In addition, RT-qPCR and western blotting assays were performed to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LRH-1, cyclin D1 and β-catenin, respectively. The data showed that miR-219-5p expression was higher in patients with cyanotic CHD compared with patients with acyanotic CHD gradually increased in H9C2 cells with prolonged hypoxia time. Dual luciferase reporter assay results showed that LRH-1 was a direct target gene of miR-219-5p. Inhibition of miR-219-5p reversed hypoxia-induced cell viability reduction and attenuated hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis. In addition, hypoxia induction inhibited the expression of LRH-1, cyclin D1 and β-catenin, which was reversed by miR-219-5p inhibitor. However, LRH-1 downregulation reversed the miR-219-5p inhibitor enhanced cell viability, decreased cell apoptosis and increased expression of LRH-1, cyclin D1 and β-catenin in hypoxia-treated cardiomyocytes. The present results demonstrated that downregulation of miR-219-5p promoted the expression of the LRH-1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-associated components, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increased cell growth under hypoxic conditions. miR-219-5p may be a potential therapeutic target for cyanotic CHD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxian Hu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Su Huang
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Fafu Wu
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiopulmonary Surgery, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P.R. China
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15
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Lipničanová S, Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M, Frecer V, Miertuš S. Diversity of sialidases found in the human body - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:857-868. [PMID: 31945439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are enzymes essential for numerous organisms including humans. Hydrolytic sialidases (EC 3.2.1.18), trans-sialidases and anhydrosialidases (intramolecular trans-sialidases, EC 4.2.2.15) are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkage and release sialic acid residues from sialyl substrates. The paper summarizes diverse sialidases present in the human body and their potential impact on development of antiviral compounds - inhibitors of viral neuraminidases. It includes a brief overview of catalytic mechanisms of action of sialidases and describes the origin of sialidases in the human body. This is followed by description of the structure and function of sialidase families with a special focus on the GH33 and GH34 families. Various effects of sialidases on human body are also briefly described. Modulation of sialidase activity may be considered a useful tool for effective treatment of various diseases. In some cases, it is desired to completely suppress the activity of sialidases by suitable inhibitors. Specific sialidase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of influenza, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, different types of cancer, or heart defects. Challenges and future directions are shortly depicted in the final part of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lipničanová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Chmelová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Frecer
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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16
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GM1 Ganglioside Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Tendon Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:4706943. [PMID: 30210549 PMCID: PMC6126069 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4706943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides, the sialic acid-conjugated glycosphingolipids present in the lipid rafts, have been recognized as important regulators of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Due to their peculiar localization in the cell membrane, they modulate the activity of several key cell receptors, and increasing evidence supports their involvement also in stem cell differentiation. In this context, herein we report the role played by the ganglioside GM1 in the osteogenic differentiation of human tendon stem cells (hTSCs). In particular, we found an increase of GM1 levels during osteogenesis that is instrumental for driving the process. In fact, supplementation of the ganglioside in the medium significantly increased the osteogenic differentiation capability of hTSCs. Mechanistically, we found that GM1 supplementation caused a reduction in the phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β), which is a known inhibitor of osteogenic commitment. These results were further corroborated by the observation that GM1 supplementation was able to revert the inhibitory effects on osteogenesis when the process was inhibited with exogenous PDGF.
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