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Zhu Z, Pu J, Li Y, Chen J, Ding H, Zhou A, Zhang X. RBM25 regulates hypoxic cardiomyocyte apoptosis through CHOP-associated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:861-876. [PMID: 37736860 PMCID: PMC10746693 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of global morbidity and mortality; blocking the apoptotic cascade could help improve adverse outcomes of it. RNA-binding motif protein 25 (RBM25) is an RNA-binding protein related to apoptosis; however, its role remains unknown in ischemic HF. The main purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of RBM25 in ischemic HF. Establishing an ischemic HF model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model. ELISA was performed to evaluate the BNP level in the ischemic HF model. Echocardiography and histological analysis were performed to assess cardiac function and infarct size. Proteins were quantitatively and locationally analyzed by western blotting and immunofluorescence. The morphological changes of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) were observed with ER-tracker. Cardiac function and myocardial injury were observed in ischemic HF rats. RBM25 was elevated in cardiomyocytes of hypoxia injury hearts and localized in nucleus both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, cell apoptosis was significantly increased when overexpressed RBM25. Moreover, ER stress stimulated upregulation of RBM25 and promoted cell apoptosis through the CHOP related pathway. Finally, inhibiting the expression of RBM25 could ameliorate the apoptosis and improve cardiac function through blocking the activation of CHOP signaling pathway. RBM25 is significantly upregulated in ischemic HF rat heart and OGD model, which leads to apoptosis by modulating the ER stress through CHOP pathway. Knockdown of RBM25 could reverse apoptosis-mediated cardiac dysfunction. RBM25 may be a promising target for the treatment of ischemic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jie Pu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yongnan Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianshu Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Anyu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - XiaoWei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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2
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Mutations in MYBPC3 and MYH7 in Association with Brugada Type 1 ECG Pattern: Overlap between Brugada Syndrome and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? CARDIOGENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cardiogenetics11030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited disorder with high allelic and genetic heterogeneity clinically characterized by typical coved-type ST segment elevation at the electrocardiogram (ECG), which may occur either spontaneously or after provocative drug testing. BrS is classically described as an arrhythmic condition occurring in a structurally normal heart and is associated with the risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We studied five patients with spontaneous or drug-induced type 1 ECG pattern, variably associated with symptoms and a positive family history through a Next Generation Sequencing panels approach, which includes genes of both channelopathies and cardiomyopathies. We identified variants in MYBPC3 and in MYH7, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) genes (MYBPC3: p.Lys1065Glnfs*12 and c.1458-1G > A, MYH7: p.Arg783His, p.Val1213Met, p.Lys744Thr). Our data propose that Brugada type 1 ECG may be an early electrocardiographic marker of a concealed structural heart disease, possibly enlarging the genotypic overlap between Brugada syndrome and cardiomyopathies.
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3
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Marian AJ, Asatryan B, Wehrens XHT. Genetic basis and molecular biology of cardiac arrhythmias in cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1600-1619. [PMID: 32348453 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are common, often the first, and sometimes the life-threatening manifestations of hereditary cardiomyopathies. Pathogenic variants in several genes known to cause hereditary cardiac arrhythmias have also been identified in the sporadic cases and small families with cardiomyopathies. These findings suggest a shared genetic aetiology of a subset of hereditary cardiomyopathies and cardiac arrhythmias. The concept of a shared genetic aetiology is in accord with the complex and exquisite interplays that exist between the ion currents and cardiac mechanical function. However, neither the causal role of cardiac arrhythmias genes in cardiomyopathies is well established nor the causal role of cardiomyopathy genes in arrhythmias. On the contrary, secondary changes in ion currents, such as post-translational modifications, are common and contributors to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in cardiomyopathies through altering biophysical and functional properties of the ion channels. Moreover, structural changes, such as cardiac hypertrophy, dilatation, and fibrosis provide a pro-arrhythmic substrate in hereditary cardiomyopathies. Genetic basis and molecular biology of cardiac arrhythmias in hereditary cardiomyopathies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali J Marian
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, 6770 Bertner Street, Suite C900A, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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4
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Boeckel JN, Möbius-Winkler M, Müller M, Rebs S, Eger N, Schoppe L, Tappu R, Kokot KE, Kneuer JM, Gaul S, Bordalo DM, Lai A, Haas J, Ghanbari M, Drewe-Boss P, Liss M, Katus HA, Ohler U, Gotthardt M, Laufs U, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Meder B. SLM2 Is A Novel Cardiac Splicing Factor Involved in Heart Failure due to Dilated Cardiomyopathy. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 20:129-146. [PMID: 34273561 PMCID: PMC9510876 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing is a fundamental process to increase the versatility of the genome. In humans, cardiac mRNA splicing is involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Mutations in the splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 20 (RBM20) cause severe forms of cardiomyopathy. To identify novel cardiomyopathy-associated splicing factors, RNA-seq and tissue-enrichment analyses were performed, which identified up-regulated expression of Sam68-Like mammalian protein 2 (SLM2) in the left ventricle of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients. In the human heart, SLM2 binds to important transcripts of sarcomere constituents, such as those encoding myosin light chain 2 (MYL2), troponin I3 (TNNI3), troponin T2 (TNNT2), tropomyosin 1/2 (TPM1/2), and titin (TTN). Mechanistically, SLM2 mediates intron retention, prevents exon exclusion, and thereby mediates alternative splicing of the mRNA regions encoding the variable proline-, glutamate-, valine-, and lysine-rich (PEVK) domain and another part of the I-band region of titin. In summary, SLM2 is a novel cardiac splicing regulator with essential functions for maintaining cardiomyocyte integrity by binding to and processing the mRNAs of essential cardiac constituents such as titin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jes-Niels Boeckel
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | - Marion Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Clinic for General and Interventional Cardiology/ Angiology, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen 32545, Germany
| | - Sabine Rebs
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Nicole Eger
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Laura Schoppe
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Rewati Tappu
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Karoline E Kokot
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Jasmin M Kneuer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Susanne Gaul
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Diana M Bordalo
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Alan Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jan Haas
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Mahsa Ghanbari
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Philipp Drewe-Boss
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Martin Liss
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 10115, Germany; Institute of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - Michael Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin 13092, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätskrankenhaus Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Hospital, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Goettingen, Goettingen 37075, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner site Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Stanford Genome Technology Center, Department of Genetics, Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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5
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Monasky MM, Micaglio E, Ignaccolo S, Pappone C. Further Considerations in Childhood-Onset Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Genetic Testing. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:698078. [PMID: 34235191 PMCID: PMC8255358 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.698078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Monasky
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Micaglio
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Ignaccolo
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pappone
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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6
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Zheng Y, Wan X, Yang D, Ramirez-Navarro A, Liu H, Fu JD, Deschênes I. A Heart Failure-Associated SCN5A Splice Variant Leads to a Reduction in Sodium Current Through Coupled-Gating With the Wild-Type Channel. Front Physiol 2021; 12:661429. [PMID: 33828490 PMCID: PMC8019726 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.661429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nav1.5, encoded by the gene SCN5A, is the predominant voltage-gated sodium channel expressed in the heart. It initiates the cardiac action potential and thus is crucial for normal heart rhythm and function. Dysfunctions in Nav1.5 have been involved in multiple congenital or acquired cardiac pathological conditions such as Brugada syndrome (BrS), Long QT Syndrome Type 3, and heart failure (HF), all of which can lead to sudden cardiac death (SCD) - one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Our lab has previously reported that Nav1.5 forms dimer channels with coupled gating. We also found that Nav1.5 BrS mutants can exert a dominant-negative (DN) effect and impair the function of wildtype (WT) channels through coupled-gating with the WT. It was previously reported that reduction in cardiac sodium currents (INa), observed in HF, could be due to the increased expression of an SCN5A splice variant - E28D, which results in a truncated sodium channel (Nav1.5-G1642X). In this study, we hypothesized that this SCN5A splice variant leads to INa reduction in HF through biophysical coupling with the WT. We showed that Nav1.5-G1642X is a non-functional channel but can interact with the WT, resulting in a DN effect on the WT channel. We found that both WT and the truncated channel Nav1.5-G1642X traffic at the cell surface, suggesting biophysical coupling. Indeed, we found that the DN effect can be abolished by difopein, an inhibitor of the biophysical coupling. Interestingly, the sodium channel polymorphism H558R, which has beneficial effect in HF patients, could also block the DN effect. In summary, the HF-associated splice variant Nav1.5-G1642X suppresses sodium currents in heart failure patients through a mechanism involving coupled-gating with the wildtype sodium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dandan Yang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Angelina Ramirez-Navarro
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ji-Dong Fu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Isabelle Deschênes
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmias, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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7
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Lorenzini M, Burel S, Lesage A, Wagner E, Charrière C, Chevillard PM, Evrard B, Maloney D, Ruff KM, Pappu RV, Wagner S, Nerbonne JM, Silva JR, Townsend RR, Maier LS, Marionneau C. Proteomic and functional mapping of cardiac NaV1.5 channel phosphorylation sites. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:211660. [PMID: 33410863 PMCID: PMC7797897 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channel NaV1.5 regulates cardiac excitability, yet the phosphorylation sites regulating its function and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Using a systematic, quantitative phosphoproteomic approach, we analyzed NaV1.5 channel complexes purified from nonfailing and failing mouse left ventricles, and we identified 42 phosphorylation sites on NaV1.5. Most sites are clustered, and three of these clusters are highly phosphorylated. Analyses of phosphosilent and phosphomimetic NaV1.5 mutants revealed the roles of three phosphosites in regulating NaV1.5 channel expression and gating. The phosphorylated serines S664 and S667 regulate the voltage dependence of channel activation in a cumulative manner, whereas the nearby S671, the phosphorylation of which is increased in failing hearts, regulates cell surface NaV1.5 expression and peak Na+ current. No additional roles could be assigned to the other clusters of phosphosites. Taken together, our results demonstrate that ventricular NaV1.5 is highly phosphorylated and that the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of NaV1.5 channels is highly complex, site specific, and dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lorenzini
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Sophie Burel
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Lesage
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Emily Wagner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Camille Charrière
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Marie Chevillard
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Bérangère Evrard
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Dan Maloney
- Bioinformatics Solutions Inc., Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kiersten M Ruff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Rohit V Pappu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Jonathan R Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - R Reid Townsend
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Heart Center, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Céline Marionneau
- Université de Nantes, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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8
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Dong C, Wang Y, Ma A, Wang T. Life Cycle of the Cardiac Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Na V1.5. Front Physiol 2020; 11:609733. [PMID: 33391024 PMCID: PMC7773603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.5, encoded by SCN5A, is crucial for the upstroke of action potential and excitation of cardiomyocytes. NaV1.5 undergoes complex processes before it reaches the target membrane microdomains and performs normal functions. A variety of protein partners are needed to achieve the balance between SCN5A transcription and mRNA decay, endoplasmic reticulum retention and export, Golgi apparatus retention and export, selective anchoring and degradation, activation, and inactivation of sodium currents. Subtle alterations can impair NaV1.5 in terms of expression or function, eventually leading to NaV1.5-associated diseases such as lethal arrhythmias and cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijuan Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
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9
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Teekakirikul P, Zhu W, Huang HC, Fung E. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: An Overview of Genetics and Management. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E878. [PMID: 31888115 PMCID: PMC6995589 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically heterogeneous cardiac muscle disorder with a diverse natural history, characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), with histopathological hallmarks including myocyte enlargement, myocyte disarray and myocardial fibrosis. Although these features can cause significant cardiac symptoms, many young individuals with HCM are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur as the initial clinical manifestation. Over the past few decades, HCM has been considered a disease of sarcomere, and typically as an autosomal dominant disease with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. Important insights into the genetic landscape of HCM have enhanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, empowered gene-based diagnostic testing to identify at-risk individuals, and offered potential targets for the development of therapeutic agents. This article reviews the current knowledge on the clinical genetics and management of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polakit Teekakirikul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhu
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Helen C. Huang
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Erik Fung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Heart Failure + Circulation Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital and Gerald Choa Cardiac Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically heterogeneous cardiac muscle disorder with a diverse natural history, characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), with histopathological hallmarks including myocyte enlargement, myocyte disarray and myocardial fibrosis. Although these features can cause significant cardiac symptoms, many young individuals with HCM are asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) may occur as the initial clinical manifestation. Over the past few decades, HCM has been considered a disease of sarcomere, and typically as an autosomal dominant disease with variable expressivity and incomplete penetrance. Important insights into the genetic landscape of HCM have enhanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, empowered gene-based diagnostic testing to identify at-risk individuals, and offered potential targets for the development of therapeutic agents. This article reviews the current knowledge on the clinical genetics and management of HCM.
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11
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Pang PD, Alsina KM, Cao S, Koushik AB, Wehrens XHT, Cooper TA. CRISPR -Mediated Expression of the Fetal Scn5a Isoform in Adult Mice Causes Conduction Defects and Arrhythmias. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e010393. [PMID: 30371314 PMCID: PMC6404881 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The sodium channel, Nav1.5, encoded by SCN5A, undergoes developmentally regulated splicing from inclusion of exon 6A in the fetal heart to exon 6B in adults. These mutually exclusive exons differ in 7 amino acids altering the electrophysiological properties of the Nav1.5 channel. In myotonic dystrophy type 1, SCN5A is mis‐spliced such that the fetal pattern of exon 6A inclusion is detected in adult hearts. Cardiac manifestations of myotonic dystrophy type 1 include conduction defects and arrhythmias and are the second‐leading cause of death. Methods and Results This work aimed to determine the impact of SCN5A mis‐splicing on cardiac function. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) to delete Scn5a exon 6B in mice, thereby redirecting splicing toward exon 6A. These mice exhibit prolonged PR and QRS intervals, slowed conduction velocity, extended action potential duration, and are highly susceptible to arrhythmias. Conclusions Our findings highlight a nonmutational pathological mechanism of arrhythmias and conduction defects as a result of mis‐splicing of the predominant cardiac sodium channel. Animals homozygous for the deleted exon express only the fetal isoform and have more‐severe phenotypes than heterozygotes that also express the adult isoform. This observation is directly relevant to myotonic dystrophy type 1, and possibly pathological arrhythmias, in which individuals differ with regard to the ratios of the isoforms expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Pang
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,2 Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,3 Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Katherina M Alsina
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,3 Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Shuyi Cao
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Amrita B Koushik
- 2 Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,3 Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,5 Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,6 Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,7 Center for Space Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,8 Cardiovascular Research Institute Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
| | - Thomas A Cooper
- 1 Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,2 Department of Pathology & Immunology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,3 Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Program Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,4 Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX.,8 Cardiovascular Research Institute Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX
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Angiotensin II Influences Pre-mRNA Splicing Regulation by Enhancing RBM20 Transcription Through Activation of the MAPK/ELK1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205059. [PMID: 31614708 PMCID: PMC6829565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding motif 20 (RBM20) is a key regulator of pre-mRNA splicing of titin and other genes that are associated with cardiac diseases. Hormones, like insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), and angiotensin II (Ang II), can regulate gene-splicing through RBM20, but the detailed mechanism remains unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the signaling mechanism by which hormones regulate pre-mRNA splicing through RBM20. We first examined the role of RBM20 in Z-, I-, and M-band titin splicing at different ages in wild type (WT) and RBM20 knockout (KO) rats using RT-PCR; we found that RBM20 is the predominant regulator of I-band titin splicing at all ages. Then we treated rats with propylthiouracil (PTU), T3, streptozotocin (STZ), and Ang II and evaluated the impact of these hormones on the splicing of titin, LIM domain binding 3 (Ldb3), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma (Camk2g), and triadin (Trdn). We determined the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in primary cardiomyocytes treated with insulin, T3, and Ang II using western blotting; MAPK signaling was activated and RBM20 expression increased after treatment. Two downstream transcriptional factors c-jun and ETS Transcription Factor (ELK1) can bind the promoter of RBM20. A dual-luciferase activity assay revealed that Ang II, but not insulin and T3, can trigger ELK1 and thus promote transcription of RBM20. This study revealed that Ang II can trigger ELK1 through activation of MAPK signaling by enhancing RBM20 expression which regulates pre-mRNA splicing. Our study provides a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cardiac diseases in RBM20-mediated pre-mRNA splicing.
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Abstract
Alternative splicing is an important mechanism used by the cell to generate greater transcriptomic and proteomic diversity from the genome. In the heart, alternative splicing is increasingly being recognised as an important layer of post-transcriptional gene regulation. Driven by rapidly evolving technologies in next-generation sequencing, alternative splicing has emerged as a crucial process governing complex biological processes during cardiac development and disease. The recent identification of several cardiac splice factors, such as RNA-binding motif protein 20 and 24, not only provided important insight into the mechanisms underlying alternative splicing but also revealed how these splicing factors impact functional properties of the heart. Here, we review our current knowledge of alternative splicing in the heart, with a particular focus on the factors controlling cardiac alternative splicing and their role in cardiomyopathies and subsequent heart failure.
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