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Cao XD, Huang YL, Chen JS, Liao CS. Molecular surveillance of Helicobacter species with high prevalence from two streams with various wastewater pollution in Taiwan. One Health 2024; 18:100757. [PMID: 38803321 PMCID: PMC11128502 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter species are potential zoonotic pathogens classified as either enterohepatic or gastric. Helicobacter infection can be transmitted through wastewater from households and livestock and through water from irrigation and streams. In this study, the distribution and source of Helicobacter species in the Donggang and Yenshui rivers, two natural water bodies with different characteristics, were analyzed. A total of 44 water samples were collected over the four seasons. The samples were subjected to Helicobacter 16 s rRNA gene PCR, followed by sequencing and comparison for identification and analysis. The detection rate of Helicobacter species in both rivers was 79.55%, with H. kayseriensis (10/35, 28.57%) being the most common species. Analysis of the environment around the sampling sites showed a high detection rate in the livestock-rich area, and the results of BLAST for species identification and comparison indicated feces as the contamination source. The area around the Donggang River was developed for animal husbandry, led to a high detection rate of Helicobacter species. Many Helicobacter species were identified to have a risk of zoonotic transmission, especially if the stream is used as a source of drinking, agricultural, or even aquacultural water. The high presence of Helicobacter species in natural water bodies suggests that wastewater treatment is an effective strategy to control pathogen spread. Therefore, investigation and monitoring of pathogens in wastewater are highly important. However, methods for the isolation and culture of Helicobacter species in natural waters have yet to be developed. Hence, future research should focus on developing such methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Di Cao
- Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840203, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Sheng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sen Liao
- Department of Medical Science & Biotechnology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
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Vesga FJ, Beltrán-Benavides AR, Márquez-Duque AM, Venegas C, Trespalacios AA. Helicobacter pylori virulence genotypes in Bogotá River and wastewater treatment plants in Colombia. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e13023. [PMID: 37753804 DOI: 10.1111/hel.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that infects 70%-80% of the population in Colombia, causing chronic gastritis in all those infected and gastric cancer in 1%-2% of those infected. In Colombia, some studies have identified the presence of vacA and cagA genes in environmental samples such as treated, surface, and wastewater, but they have not been evaluated in the Bogotá River. For this, the aim of this study was to identify the virulence genotypes of H. pylori present in samples from the Bogotá River and domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 75 water samples (51 from the Bogotá River and 24 from wastewater treatment plants) were collected. The presence of H. pylori DNA and its virulence genotypes was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The presence of H. pylori DNA was demonstrated in 44% (33/75) of the samples, obtaining 63.6% (21/33) from the Bogotá River and 36.4% (12/33) from the WWTPs. The most prevalent H. pylori genotype was cagA (-) and vacAm1/s1/i1 being the most virulent of the vacA gene. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in Colombia that determines the cagA and vacA genotypes in surface water and WWTPs, indicating the circulation of virulent genotypes in the population. The presence of this pathogen in the waters can be represent a risk to the health of the surrounding population since these waters are reused by the communities for different purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidson-Juarismy Vesga
- Microbiology Department, Grupo de Biotecnología ambiental e industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio Calidad Microbiológica de Aguas y Lodos (CMAL), Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Ana María Márquez-Duque
- Microbiology Department, Bacteriology, Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Venegas
- Microbiology Department, Grupo de Biotecnología ambiental e industrial (GBAI), Laboratorio Calidad Microbiológica de Aguas y Lodos (CMAL), Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alba-Alicia Trespalacios
- Microbiology Department, Infectious Diseases Research Group, Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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Mubarak AG, Abd-Elhafeez HH, Mohamed HMA. Molecular characterization of Helicobacter pylori isolated from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and fish handlers. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:250. [PMID: 38031127 PMCID: PMC10685712 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03819-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a worldwide pathogen that affects both animals and humans with a wide environmental distribution, causing serious health problems in humans. This research has timely addressed the topic of new sources of H. pylori infection, which is currently a global issue, especially in developing countries. For this purpose, 115 Tilapia fish, 50 freshwater samples, and 88 fish-handlers' stool samples were investigated for the presence of H. pylori in Qena Governorate, Egypt. The applied techniques were antigen screening tests, culturing, and molecular methods through ureC gene amplification, and 16 S rRNA characterization. RESULTS Helicobacter pylori was detected in 7.83%, 14%, 4.35%, and 12% of the investigated fish and water samples by culture and PCR methods, respectively. Out of the total studied participants, 40 tested positive for H. pylori when screened by stool antigen test, of which 35 (39.77%), and 31 (35.23%) were confirmed by conventional and molecular techniques, respectively. The Fisher's exact test has shown a statistically significant correlation between H. pylori infection, sex, and age as risk factors, while the association was insignificant concerning the residence. Males contracted the infection at a higher rate than females (48.08% and 16.67%, respectively). Also, H. pylori infection rate was the highest among fish-handlers aged 36-45 years old (46.67%), followed by the 26-35 years old age group (39.53%). With regard to the residence, a higher occurrence rate was recorded in the rural (36.07%) than the urban population (33.33%). Helicobacter pylori isolates harbored the highest antimicrobial resistance against ampicillin (100%), metronidazole (95.24%), while the least antimicrobial resistance was recorded against levofloxacin (21.43%), and clarithromycin (26.20%). The phylogenetic analysis revealed a high degree of homology between the isolates selected from Tilapia fish, freshwater, and fish-handlers. CONCLUSIONS Our data emphasized the role that fish and freshwater play in disseminating H. pylori infection as one of the diseases that has a significant public health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gaber Mubarak
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
| | - Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Hams M A Mohamed
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt.
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Ekundayo TC, Swalaha FM, Ijabadeniyi OA. Socioeconomic indices guided linear mixed-effects and meta-regression modelling of the temporal, global and regional prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in environmental waters: A class I carcinogen. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118282. [PMID: 37315468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental waters (EW) substantially lend to the transmission of Helicobacter pylori (Hp). But the increase in Hp infections and antimicrobial resistance is often attributed to socioeconomic status. The connection between socioeconomic status and Hp prevalence in EW is however yet to be investigated. This study aimed to assess the impacts of socioeconomic indices (SI: continent, world bank region (WBR), world bank income (WBI), WHO region, Socio-demographic Index (SDI quintile), Sustainable Development Index (SuDI), and Human Development Index (HDI)) on the prevalence of Hp in EW. Hp-EW data were fitted to a generalized linear mixed-effects model and SI-guided meta-regression models with a 1000-resampling test. The worldwide prevalence of Hp in EW was 21.76% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.29-40.29], which declined significantly from 59.52% [43.28-74.37] in 1990-99 to 19.36% [3.99-58.09] in 2010-19 and with increasing trend in 2020-22 (33.33%, 22.66-45.43). Hp prevalence in EW was highest in North America (45.12%, 17.07-76.66), then Europe (22.38%, 5.96-56.74), South America (22.09%, 13.76-33.49), Asia (2.98%, 0.02-85.17), and Africa (2.56%, 0.00-99.99). It was negligibly different among sampling settings, WBI, and WHO regions demonstrating highest prevalence in rural location [42.62%, 3.07-94.56], HIEs [32.82%, 13.19-61.10], and AMR [39.43%, 19.92-63.01], respectively. However, HDI, sample size, and microbiological method robustly predict Hp prevalence in EW justifying 26.08%, 21.15%, and 16.44% of the true difference, respectively. In conclusion, Hp is highly prevalence in EW across regional/socioeconomic strata and thus challenged the uses of socioeconomic status as surrogate for hygienic/sanitary practices in estimating Hp infection prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Feroz M Swalaha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Bike Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001, Durban, South Africa
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Miri AH, Kamankesh M, Rad-Malekshahi M, Yadegar A, Banar M, Hamblin MR, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR. Factors associated with treatment failure, and possible applications of probiotic bacteria in the arsenal against Helicobacter pylori. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:617-639. [PMID: 37171213 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori is a widespread helical Gram-negative bacterium, which causes a variety of stomach disorders, such as peptic ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. This microbe frequently colonizes the mucosal layer of the human stomach and survives in the inhospitable microenvironment, by adapting to this hostile milieu. AREAS COVERED In this extensive review, we describe conventional antibiotic treatment regimens used against H. pylori including, empirical, tailored, and salvage therapies. Then, we present state-of-the-art information about reasons for treatment failure against H. pylori. Afterward, the latest advances in the use of probiotic bacteria against H. pylori infection are discussed. Finally, we propose a polymeric bio-platform to provide efficient delivery of probiotics for H. pylori infection. EXPERT OPINION For effective probiotic delivery systems, it is necessary to avoid the early release of probiotics at the acidic stomach pH, to protect them against enzymes and antimicrobials, and precisely target H. pylori bacteria which have colonized the antrum area of the stomach (basic pH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ekundayo TC, Swalaha FM, Ijabadeniyi OA. Global and regional prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in drinking waters: A sustainable, human development and socio-demographic indices based meta-regression-modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160633. [PMID: 36481137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) transmission dynamics via drinking water (DW) has a far much higher direct and indirect public health disease burden than previously thought. This study aimed to assess the global prevalence of Hp in DW, distributions across regions and socioeconomic indices (continent, world bank income, Human Development Index (HDI), Sustainable Development Index (SuDI), Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) quintile, and WHO regions). Hp-DW related data mined from five databases until 10/12/2022 according to PRISMA standard were quality-appraised and fitted to a generalized linear mixed-effects model. Sub-group analysis and meta-regression-modelling coupled with a 1000-permutation test (⁎) were conducted. The global prevalence of Hp in DW was 15.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.98-27.5), which varied significantly by sampling methods (Moore swabbing (61.0% [0.00-100.0]) vs. grab sampling (13.68%[6.99-25.04])) and detection technique (non-culture (21.35%[9.13-42.31]) vs. cultured-based methods (Psubgroup < 0.01)). The period 1990-99 had the highest prevalence (41.24% [0.02-99.97]). Regarding regional designations, Hp prevalence in DW was significantly different being highest in North America (61.82% [41.03-79.02]) by continents, AMR (42.66% [20.81-67.82]) by WHO group, high HDI (24.64% [10.98-46.43]) by HDI group and North America (61.90% [2.79-98.93]) by world bank region (Psubgroup < 0.01). Generally, sample preparation, SuDI grouping, and detection/confirmation techniques, have significant effects on the detection/prevalence of Hp in DW (Psubgroup < 0.01). Hp prevalence in DW was not significantly different among rural and urban DW (Psubgroup = 0.90), world bank income groups (Psubgroup = 0.15), and SDI quintiles (Psubgroup = 0.07). Among the predictors examined, only sample size (p < 0.1, R∗2(coefficient of determinant) = 15.29%), continent (p∗val = 0.04), HDI (p∗val = 0.02), HDI group (p∗val = 0.05), and microbiological methods (p < 0.1; R∗2=28.09 %) predicted Hp prevalence in DW robustly. In conclusion, Hp prevalence is still endemic in DW regardless of the regional designations/improve DW supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope C Ekundayo
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001 Durban, South Africa.
| | - Feroz M Swalaha
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001 Durban, South Africa
| | - Oluwatosin A Ijabadeniyi
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Durban University of Technology, Steve Biko Campus, 121 Steve Biko Rd, Musgrave, Berea, 4001 Durban, South Africa
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Duan M, Li Y, Liu J, Zhang W, Dong Y, Han Z, Wan M, Lin M, Lin B, Kong Q, Ding Y, Yang X, Zuo X, Li Y. Transmission routes and patterns of helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12945. [PMID: 36645421 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach, can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcers, as well as gastric cancer as a Class I carcinogen. However, the modes of H. pylori transmission are not clear. This review aims to clarify the transmission routes and patterns of H. pylori and identify efficacious prevention measures. METHODS Studies of H. pylori transmission were identified using PubMed, the Web of Science, and Cochrane Central; the retrieval deadline was October 2022. RESULTS The transmission routes of H. pylori are discussed, focusing on the five primary transmission routes, namely fecal-oral, oral-oral, gastric-oral, anal-oral, and genital-oral. We propose that H. pylori is contracted through multiple transmission routes. Additionally, we summarize the key transmission patterns of H. pylori, including person-to-person and animal-to-human transmission, as well as foodborne and occupational exposure. CONCLUSION Fecal-oral appears to be the most common H. pylori transmission routes. Although the oral-oral pathway is also important, the evidence does not support that this route of transmission is universal. The gastric-oral route occurs primarily in children and patients who are prone to vomiting. Meanwhile, the anal-oral and genital-oral routes remain hypothetical. Person-to-person and foodborne infections represent the predominant transmission patterns of H. pylori, whereas strong environmental and occupational limitations are associated with animal-to-human and occupational exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yueyue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongxue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minjuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Boshen Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingzhou Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuming Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Zuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Population- and Gender-Based Investigation for Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Dhamar, Yemen. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 2023:3800810. [PMID: 36742348 PMCID: PMC9891806 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3800810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Among 35 species of genus Helicobacter, H. pylori is the most common causative agent of human gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. The infection can spread through direct human-to-human contact, fecal-oral route, and contaminated water. The study was designed to investigate the rate of prevalence of H. pylori in the population of Dhamar, Yemen. In this one-year study, 460 including 250 male and 210 female stool specimens were collected between January to December 2020 in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Of the total 460, 215 rural (male: n = 120 and female: n = 95) and 245 urban (male: n = 130 and female: n = 115) specimens were investigated for identification of H. pylori by serological test using Helicobacter pylori stool antigen (HpSA) test. In addition, for comparing an improved recovery of H. pylori, conventional culture-based isolation was also carried out using three selective media. Modified Campy-blood Agar (MCA), Belo Horizonte Agar (BHA), and Egg yolk Emulsion (EYE) medium supplemented with antimicrobial agents including vancomycin (10 mg/L), cefsulodin (5 mg/L), trimethoprim (5 mg/L), and amphotericin B (5 mg/L) and isolates were phenotypically characterized. The HpSA test results revealed that of the total 460 specimens, 89 (19.3%) were positive for H. pylori with relatively low in male (n = 43; 17.2%) as compared to the female (n = 46; 21.9%) specimens. After 3-10 days of incubation, H. pylori was recovered at a variable rate on each selective (MCA: 16.5%; BHA: 15.0%; EYE: 13.0%) media. However, culture-based assay results showed less recovery (n = 81; 17.6%) with no significant difference among all selective media tested and between genders (male: n = 39; 15.6%; female: n = 42; 20.0%). The infection rate was comparatively higher in rural (n = 45; 20.9%) as compared to urban (n = 36; 14.7%) population. Overall, the study data showed the prevalence of infection in both genders of all age groups. The present study showed a relatively high rate of infection of H. pylori in the Dhamar population. The serological identification and culture-based methods are important for rapid detection, aid in treatment, and developing policies for the control and eradication of H. pylori infection and to prevent the disease in different age groups in Yemen.
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Host Cell Antimicrobial Responses against Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Biological Aspects to Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810941. [PMID: 36142852 PMCID: PMC9504325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonization of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in human gastric mucosa is highly associated with the occurrence of gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Antibiotics, including amoxicillin, clarithromycin, furazolidone, levofloxacin, metronidazole, and tetracycline, are commonly used and considered the major treatment regimens for H. pylori eradication, which is, however, becoming less effective by the increasing prevalence of H pylori resistance. Thus, it is urgent to understand the molecular mechanisms of H. pylori pathogenesis and develop alternative therapeutic strategies. In this review, we focus on the virulence factors for H. pylori colonization and survival within host gastric mucosa and the host antimicrobial responses against H. pylori infection. Moreover, we describe the current treatments for H. pylori eradication and provide some insights into new therapeutic strategies for H. pylori infection.
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Prevalence, diversity and public health implications of Helicobacter species in pet and stray dogs. One Health 2022; 15:100430. [PMID: 36277106 PMCID: PMC9582540 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is probable that humans can acquire H. pylori and non—H. pylori Helicobacter infections via domestic animals. The prevalence and risk factors of infections of Helicobacter species in canines of Taipei city were therefore analysed in this study. Materials and methods A total of 95 canine faecal samples were collected from different animal shelters and hospitals in Taipei city. Total DNA was extracted for semi-nested PCR detection of Helicobacter species. The PCR products were sequenced for further comparative database and phylogenetic analyses. Results The overall prevalence of Helicobacter species in canines of Taipei city was 75.79% (72/95). Two gastric, seven enterohepatic and two unclassified Helicobacter species were identified, all of which have been implicated in the aetiology of human diseases. The predominant species detected included H. canis (27.78%), H. pylori (26.39%), H. canicola (18.06%), and H. bilis (13.89%) in decreasing order, while H. canadensis and H. typhlonius were identified for the first time in canines. The genotypes in H. pylori and H. canicola clusters grouped together, with their respective reference strains, showed a close evolutionary distance in the phylogenetic tree, indicating a common ancestry may have existed in these clusters respectively. The residential region of canines, dog living status (pet or stray) and breed (purebred or mixed-breed) are the risk factors associated with Helicobacter infections in the canines examined. Conclusion The high prevalence of Helicobacter infections in canines highlights a potential public health risk of zoonotic transmission among dogs, humans and other animals, and therefore, the need for proper methods in controlling the transmission routes. In addition, the 16S rRNA gene amplification method was found to be useful for bacterial identification and phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence of Helicobacter infection in dogs of Taipei city was found to be 75.79%. Species detected included H. canis, H. pylori, H. canicola, H. bilis and others, including 2 unclassified species. Almost all the species detected are identical with those reported to be found in humans in some other studies, suggesting possible cross-transmission between humans and canines. Residential region, living status (pet or stray) and breed type of canines are risk factors associated with Helicobacter infections in the canines. Phylogenetic analysis indicated an evolutionary pattern in H. pylori and H. canicola clusters, suggesting a common ancestry may have existed in these clusters respectively.
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11
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Chattopadhyay S, Choudhary M, Singh H. Carbon dots and graphene oxide based FRET immunosensor for sensitive detection of Helicobacter pylori. Anal Biochem 2022; 654:114801. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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12
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Miri AH, Kamankesh M, Llopis-Lorente A, Liu C, Wacker MG, Haririan I, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Hamblin MR, Yadegar A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Zali MR. The Potential Use of Antibiotics Against Helicobacter pylori Infection: Biopharmaceutical Implications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917184. [PMID: 35833028 PMCID: PMC9271669 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a notorious, recalcitrant and silent germ, which can cause a variety of debilitating stomach diseases, including gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer. This microbe predominantly colonizes the mucosal layer of the human stomach and survives in the inhospitable gastric microenvironment, by adapting to this hostile milieu. In this review, we first discuss H. pylori colonization and invasion. Thereafter, we provide a survey of current curative options based on polypharmacy, looking at pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmaceutical microbiology concepts, in the battle against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Antoni Llopis-Lorente
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Chenguang Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Matthias G. Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Hamblin, ; Abbas Yadegar, ; Mazda Rad-Malekshahi, ; Mohammad Reza Zali,
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Hamblin, ; Abbas Yadegar, ; Mazda Rad-Malekshahi, ; Mohammad Reza Zali,
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Hamblin, ; Abbas Yadegar, ; Mazda Rad-Malekshahi, ; Mohammad Reza Zali,
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Michael R. Hamblin, ; Abbas Yadegar, ; Mazda Rad-Malekshahi, ; Mohammad Reza Zali,
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Almashhadany DA, Mayas SM, Ali NL. Isolation and identification of <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> from raw chicken meat in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10220. [PMID: 35795467 PMCID: PMC9251868 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of human, its natural reservoirs are still unclear. There is an increasing number of reports that document the occurrence of H. pylori in various foods. This study aimed at isolation of H. pylori from chicken meat sampled. Two hundred and sixty samples were collected randomly from slaughterhouses and markets in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. Samples were enriched in Brain-Heart Infusion broth in microaerophilic conditions before inoculating the Camp-Blood agar and EYE agar plates. Results showed that 13.8% of samples were contaminated evidenced by H. pylori growth via traditional culture method on agar media. No significant differences between sample types (thighs and breast muscles) (p=0.353) or the sampling source (p=0.816) were observed. Autumn season was associated with increased occurrence of H. pylori. The source of H. pylori in food is still not identified. Proper cooking and good sanitation practices are highly recommended to avoid the infection. Further studies addressing the potential sources of H. pylori are highly suggested.
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Taghipour A, Bahadory S, Badri M, Yadegar A, Mirsamadi ES, Mirjalali H, Zali MR. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the co-infection of Helicobacter pylori with intestinal parasites: public health issue or neglected correlation? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:808-818. [PMID: 32729738 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2020.1798890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to assess the prevalence and odds ratio (OR) of co-infection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and intestinal parasites (IPs). English databases were searched. A total of 18 studies including 14 studies with cross-sectional design (a total of 3739 participants) and 4 studies with case-control design (397 patients and 320 controls) met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of H. pylori, intestinal parasite infections (IPIs), and their co-infections in different populations were 48.3% (95% CI, 34.1-62.8%), 15.4% (95% CI, 10-22.8%), and 11% (95% CI, 6.7-17.6%), respectively. The co-infection of H. pylori and Giardia was 7.6% (95% CI, 4.9-11.7%). Although statistically not significant, the risk of co-infection of H. pylori and IPIs was higher in case group compared to control group (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.77-3.25). The overlaps between H. pylori and IPIs in countries with lower human development index (HDI) and income levels were high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Taghipour
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Bahadory
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Badri
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirjalali
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Milk and dairy products as a possible source of environmental transmission of Helicobacter pylori. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is found worldwide, and it is estimated that more than 50% of the population is infected. The presence of H. pylori in the gastrointestinal tract is associated with the occurrence of serious human diseases such as chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer. Therefore, the International Agency for Research on Cancer classified H. pylori as a Group 1 carcinogen in 1994. The routes of H. pylori transmission are not yet precisely known. Many authors agree that humans may become infected by H. pylori through foodstuffs. Milk is one of the basic foods of people of all age categories. Helicobacter pylori has been isolated from milk derived from various livestock, such as cows, sheep, goat, camel or buffalo milk. This review research paper indicates that H. pylori may be present in different types of foods and suggests that consumption of milk and selected dairy products may be a source of H. pylori infection for humans.
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Öztekin M, Yılmaz B, Ağagündüz D, Capasso R. Overview of Helicobacter pylori Infection: Clinical Features, Treatment, and Nutritional Aspects. Diseases 2021; 9:66. [PMID: 34698140 PMCID: PMC8544542 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a 0.5-1 µm wide, 2-4 µm long, short helical, S-shaped Gram-negative microorganism. It is mostly found in the pyloric region of the stomach and causes chronic gastric infection. It is estimated that these bacteria infect more than half of the world's population. The mode of transmission and infection of H. pylori is still not known exactly, but the faecal-oral and oral-oral routes via water or food consumption are thought to be a very common cause. In the last three decades, research interest has increased regarding the pathogenicity, microbial activity, genetic predisposition, and clinical treatments to understand the severity of gastric atrophy and gastric cancer caused by H. pylori. Studies have suggested a relationship between H. pylori infection and malabsorption of essential micronutrients, and noted that H. pylori infection may affect the prevalence of malnutrition in some risk groups. On the other hand, dietary factors may play a considerably important role in H. pylori infection, and it has been reported that an adequate and balanced diet, especially high fruit and vegetable consumption and low processed salty food consumption, has a protective effect against the outcomes of H. pylori infection. The present review provides an overview of all aspects of H. pylori infection, such as clinical features, treatment, and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Öztekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Çukurova University, Sarıçam, Adana 01330, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ağagündüz
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Emek, Ankara 06490, Turkey; (M.Ö.); (B.Y.)
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
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Wang C, Yan J, He B, Zhang S, Xu S. Hp-Positive Chinese Patients Should Undergo Colonoscopy Earlier and More Frequently: The Result of a Cross-Sectional Study Based on 13,037 Cases of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698898. [PMID: 34513677 PMCID: PMC8427659 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, the prevalence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) have always been high, and more than 95% of CRC cases have evolved from colorectal polyps (CPs), especially adenoma. Early detection and treatment of CPs through colonoscopy is essential to reduce the incidence of CRC. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is regarded as a risk factor for gastritis and gastric cancer and may also be a risk factor for CPs and CRC. However, few studies based on vast clinical cases exist in China to clarify whether Hp is a risk factor for CPs and CRC, and whether Hp-positive patients need to undergo colonoscopy checks earlier. This article attempts to make up for that deficiency. METHOD This cross-sectional study was conducted based on 13,037 patients without a treatment history of Hp who underwent their first gastroscopy and colonoscopy simultaneously at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019. Pearson χ2 test and logistic regression were used to determine whether Hp is a risk factor for CPs and CRC. Multifactor analysis of variance was used to define the impact of Hp on CPs prevalence with different ages, sexes. RESULTS For Chinese individuals, Hp is a risk factor for CPs and CRC. The odds ratio (OR) value are 1.228 (95% CI, 1.130 to 1.336) and 1.862 (95% CI 1.240-2.796), respectively. Hp-positive patients have a higher probability of multiple or large intestinal polyps. However, Hp infection does not increase the incidence of adenomas, nor does it affect the pathological type of adenomas. The OR of Hp on the risk of CPs was 1.432 (95%CI 1.275-1.608) for males but increased to 1.937 (95%CI 1.334-2.815) for those aged 35 to 40. For females, the results were similar. CONCLUSIONS For the Chinese, Hp is a risk factor for CPs and CRC (OR>1); the infection of Hp increased CPs risk in Chinese of all ages, especially aged 35-40, suggesting that Hp-positive patients should undergo colonoscopy frequently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Applied Math Department, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beihui He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Xu
- Department of General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Graham DY. Helicobacter pylori. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021. [PMID: 34224014 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an important human pathogen etiologically associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The infection is present in approximately one-half of the world's population. Population-based H. pylori eradiation has confirmed that cure or prevention of the infection produces a marked reduction in gastric cancer and peptic ulcer disease. Antimicrobial therapy has become increasingly ineffective, and complexity and costs of antimicrobial therapy for infected individuals residing in and, immigrating from, the developing world combined with the cost of treatment for cancer make vaccine development a cost-effective alternative. Challenge studies allowed making a "go-no go" decision regarding vaccine effectiveness. We provide detailed protocols regarding challenge strain selection and administration as well as guidance regarding the clinical and laboratory tests used to confirm and monitor experimental infection. Experience shows that reliance of noninvasive methods led to the erroneous conclusion that some subjects were not infected. The current data suggests that histologic assessment of gastric mucosal biopsies may be one of the most sensitive and specific means of assessment of the presence of experimental infection as well as of successful H. pylori eradication. We recommend detailed recommendations for acquiring, processing, embedding, sectioning, and examining the gastric biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Graham
- Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, RM 3A-390A (111D), 2002 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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19
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Hortelano I, Moreno MY, García-Hernández J, Ferrús MA. Optimization of pre- treatments with Propidium Monoazide and PEMAX™ before real-time quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of viable Helicobacter pylori cells. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 185:106223. [PMID: 33872638 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accurate detection of H. pylori in different environmental and clinical samples is essential for public health strtdudies. Now, a big effort is being made to design PCR methodologies that allow for the detection of viable and viable but non-culturable (VBNC) H. pylori cells, by achieving complete exclusion of dead cells amplification signals. The use of DNA intercalating dyes has been proposed. However, its efficacy is still not well determined. In this study, we aimed to test the suitability of PMA and PEMAX™ dyes used prior to qPCR for only detecting viable cells of H. pylori. Their efficiency was evaluated with cells submitted to different disinfection treatments and confirmed by the absence of growth on culture media and by LIVE/DEAD counts. Our results indicated that an incubation period of 5 min for both, PMA and PEMAX™, did not affect viable cells. Our study also demonstrated that results obtained by using intercalating dyes may vary depending on the cell stress conditions. In all dead cell's samples, both PMA and PEMAX™ pre-qPCR treatments decreased the amplification signal (>103 Genomic Units (GU)), although none of them allowed for its disappearance confirming that intercalating dyes, although useful for screening purposes, cannot be considered as universal viability markers. To investigate the applicability of the method specifically to detect H. pylori cells in environmental samples, PMA-qPCR was performed on samples containing the different morphological and viability states that H. pylori can acquire in environment. The optimized PMA-qPCR methodology showed to be useful to detect mostly (but not only) viable forms, regardless the morphological state of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Hortelano
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - María Yolanda Moreno
- Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering (IIAMA), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - María Antonia Ferrús
- Biotechnology Department, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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Horiuchi S, Nakano R, Nakano A, Hishiya N, Uno K, Suzuki Y, Kakuta N, Kakuta R, Tsubaki K, Jojima N, Yano H. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among residents and their environments in the Nara prefecture, Japan. J Infect Public Health 2021; 14:271-275. [PMID: 33508684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori, specifically cagA-positive strains, is associated with gastric cancer. Thus, measures to prevent H. pylori infection are required. This study was conducted to clarify the prevalence of H. pylori in the community to identify the infection source and comprehensively assess the risk of H. pylori infection. METHODS We collected 90 human faecal samples and 73 environmental samples (water, vegetable, and animal faecal samples) from the residents in an area with a high incidence of gastric cancer in Japan. Polymerase chain reaction assay was performed to detect the glmM housekeeping gene and the cagA virulence gene of H. pylori. A questionnaire survey was conducted, and the responses were analyzed statistically. RESULTS The glmM gene was detected in 18 of 90 (20%) faecal samples obtained from residents; among them, the cagA gene was detected in 33.3% (6/18), and in all who had undergone eradication therapy. H. pylori was not detected in environmental samples. However, contact with dogs (OR 3.89, 95% CI 1.15-13.15, P < 0.05) was associated with higher odds for glmM gene positivity in the questionnaire survey. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of H. pylori and cagA-positive strains among the residents was low. However, the study results suggest a correlation between recurrent infection and cagA-positive H. pylori strains. Although H. pylori genes were not detected in living environments, an association between contact with dogs and a glmM positive status was revealed. Further investigations targeting community-dwelling healthy people and their living environments would be required for H. pylori infection control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naokuni Hishiya
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo, Yoshino-gun, Nara 638-8551, Japan
| | - Kenji Uno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Minami-Nara General Medical Center, 8-1 Fukugami, Oyodo, Yoshino-gun, Nara 638-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Naoki Kakuta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Risako Kakuta
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Tsubaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Noriko Jojima
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-Cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
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Current Prevalence of Oral Helicobacter pylori among Japanese Adults Determined Using a Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010010. [PMID: 33374353 PMCID: PMC7824695 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In Japan, gastric Helicobacter pylori infection prevalence has markedly decreased with socioeconomic development. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of oral H. pylori in Japanese adults in 2020 by sex, age, sampling site, and medical history. Unstimulated saliva, supragingival biofilm, and tongue coating were obtained from 88 subjects-with no complaints of upper digestive symptoms-attending a dentist's office for dental check-up or disorders. Supragingival biofilm was collected from the upper incisors, lower incisors, upper right molars and lower left molars to analyze the characteristic distribution. Oral H. pylori was detected using nested polymerase chain reaction. Oral H. pylori prevalence did not statistically differ by sex or age. Supragingival biofilm (30.7%) was the most common oral H. pylori niche; it was also detected in 4.5% of saliva and 2.3% of tongue samples. The lower incisor was the most common site among the supragingival biofilm samples, followed by the upper incisors, lower left molars, and upper right molars. Oral H. pylori DNA was frequently detected in patients with a history of gastric H. pylori infection. Oral H. pylori has a characteristic distribution independent of sex and age, suggesting that it is part of the normal microflora in the adult oral cavity.
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Keikha M, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Karbalaei M. Association of Helicobacter pylori vacA genotypes and peptic ulcer in Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol 2020; 20:266. [PMID: 32795257 PMCID: PMC7427722 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-020-01406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is accounted as the most etiologic agent for digestive disorders, in particular, the most important of them i.e. peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. In the recent years, association of vacA genotypes and gastrointestinal disorders has attracted a lot of attention. In present study, we assessed the correlation between vacA genotypes (s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1 and s2m2) and development to peptic ulcer in Iranian population. METHODS In our study, first, 24 original articles containing of information of 3328 patients were evaluated. Statistical analysis was done by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 2.0 software (Biostat, Englewood, NJ, USA). In this regards, we used from fixed-effects model for analysis of data with low heterogeneity, while for analysis of data with high heterogeneity (I2 statistic index > 25%, Cochrane Q statistic p value < 0.05), random-effects model was used. RESULTS Abundance of each of s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2 was estimated 36.24, 28.32, 42.90 29.86, 27.88, 32.34, 15.70, and 25.94%, respectively. According to the results, the m1, s1, and s1m2 genotypes were among the most prevalent genotypes among the Iranian patients, whereas, s2m1 genotype had the lowest frequency. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 24 articles (total participants = 3328) were included in this comprehensive analysis. H. pylori infection rate were 90.26% in these cases, so that 33.65% of whom had peptic ulcer. Moreover, the abundance of each vacA genotypes including s1, s2, m1, m2, s1m1, s1m2, s2m1, and s2m2 was estimated as 36.24, 28.32, 42.90 29.86, 27.88, 32.34, 15.70, and 25.94% respectively. We demonstrated that there is a significant relationship between infection of stomach with m1, s1m1, and s2m1 genotypes and development to peptic ulcer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Keikha
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mohsen Karbalaei
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
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Alberts CJ, Jeske R, de Martel C, den Hollander WJ, Michel A, Prins M, Snijder MB, Schim van der Loeff MF, Waterboer T. Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in six different ethnic groups living in Amsterdam: The HELIUS study. Helicobacter 2020; 25:e12687. [PMID: 32147867 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori prevalence varies greatly worldwide. We explored the prevalence of H. pylori and CagA seropositivity among adults aged 18-44 years living in the Netherlands by ethnicity and migration status (first vs second generation). MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants from six different ethnic groups were selected from the population-based multi-ethnic HELIUS study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum samples were tested for H. pylori antigens using a validated Luminex-based multiplex serology assay. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 4683 participants aged 18-44 years were randomly selected based on sex, ethnicity, and age. H. pylori seroprevalence was highest in the Ghanaian group (84%), followed by Moroccan (81%), Turkish (66%), African Surinamese (51%), South-Asian Surinamese (48%), and Dutch (17%) participants. All ethnic minority groups had a significantly higher risk of being H. pylori seropositive compared to the Dutch group. This association was strongest among participants born outside the Netherlands (first generation), but was still significant and apparent among second-generation participants. Among first-generation participants, all groups, except the Moroccans, had a significantly higher proportion of individuals with a cagA + H. pylori strain compared to the Dutch participants. CONCLUSION Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence among first-generation migrants is high in the Netherlands and remains elevated among second-generation migrants (ie, those born in the Netherlands). High exposure to H. pylori, and especially to the more virulent cagA+ strain, highlights the need for tailored prevention of gastric diseases (notably peptic ulcers and cancers) among migrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina J Alberts
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD) of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rima Jeske
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Wouter J den Hollander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD) of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke B Snijder
- Department of Public Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten F Schim van der Loeff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service (GGD) of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute (AIII), Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Oluwaseun Alegbeleye O, Sant’Ana AS. Understanding the public health burden of unconventional produce-associated enteropathogens. Curr Opin Food Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Dang Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhou X, Gu Y, Yu J, Jin S, Ji H, Shu Y, Zhang G, Cui S, Sun J. PUMA-mediated epithelial cell apoptosis promotes Helicobacter pylori infection-mediated gastritis. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:139. [PMID: 32080167 PMCID: PMC7033162 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2339-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism responsible for Helicobacter pylori infection-mediated gastritis and carcinogenesis is not yet clear. Increased evidence suggests that chronic gastritis and elevated gastric epithelial cell (GEC) apoptosis are crucial events during stomach carcinoma transformation. PUMA is a potent proapoptotic Bcl-2 protein and mediates acute tissue injury. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PUMA in GEC apoptosis and inflammation induced by H. pylori infection. As a result, we found that PUMA expression was elevated in gastritis tissues compared with uninvolved tissues, and it was correlated with the severity of apoptosis and gastritis. In mice, PUMA mRNA and protein were markedly induced in GECs upon induction of gastritis by H. pylori. PUMA-deficient mice were highly resistant to apoptosis and gastritis induced by H. pylori. Furthermore, the transcription factor NF-κB p65 binds to PUMA promoter to activate PUMA transcription after H. pylori infection. In addition, NF-κB inhibitor could rescue H. pylori-induced apoptosis and gastritis. Finally, H. pylori-induced activation of p-p65 and PUMA was mediated via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and blocked in TLR2 knockout mice. Taken together, these results verified the pro-inflammatory effect of PUMA in H. pylori-infected gastric tissue. Moreover, TLR2/NF-κB-mediated transcriptional regulation of PUMA contributes to the pathogenesis of H. pylori-infected gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210001, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yanhong Gu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Shidai Jin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Haoming Ji
- Department of Oncology, Haian People's Hospital, Nantong, 226630, China
| | - Yongqian Shu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Guoxin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Shiyun Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Helicobacter pylori Infection, Virulence Genes' Distribution and Accompanying Clinical Outcomes: The West Africa Situation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7312908. [PMID: 31886245 PMCID: PMC6925786 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7312908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Data on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and virulence factors in countries across West Africa are scattered. This systematic review seeks to present an update on the status of H. pylori infection focusing on prevalence rate, distribution of virulent genes, and their link to clinical outcomes across countries in the western part of Africa. This information is expected to broaden the knowledge base of clinicians and researchers regarding H. pylori infection and associated virulence factors in West African countries. Search Method. A comprehensive search of the scientific literature in PubMed and ScienceDirect was conducted using the search terms including “Helicobacter pylori infection in West Africa”. Databases were sourced from January 1988 to December 2018. Results. Data on the incidence of H. pylori infection and related pathological factors were found for some countries, whereas others had no information on it. Smoking, alcohol, exposure to high levels of carcinogens and diet were reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal diseases and gastric cancer. Besides the environmental factors and genetic characteristics, there are important characteristics of H. pylori such as the ability to infect, replicate, and persist in a host that have been associated with the pathogenesis of various gastroduodenal diseases. Concluding Remarks. This systematic search has provided information so far available on H. pylori virulence factors and clinical outcomes in West Africa. Accordingly, this piece has identified gaps in the body of knowledge highlighting the need for more studies to clarify the role of H. pylori virulence factors and associated clinical outcomes in the burden of this bacterial infection in West Africa, as data from these countries do not give the needed direct relation.
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Luo W, Li Y, Luo Z, Xu B. Chronic atrophic gastritis aggravate chronic periodontitis with Helicobacter pylori infection and CD4+Th cytokines infiltration. Histol Histopathol 2019; 35:665-672. [PMID: 31749138 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential effect of chronic atrophic gastritis on chronic periodontitis and further explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Local periodontal lesions were collected from periodontitis tissues of 30 CAG patients and 35 control adults without CAG (non-CAG). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and the expression levels of distinct CD4+ Th specific cytokines at local periodontitis lesions were evaluated by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) detection was carried out in both gastric and periodontitis lesions of CAG and non CAG patients. RESULTS Clinical parameters analysis showed that the level of clinical attachment loss in periodontitis lesions of CAG group was significantly higher than non-CAG group. It was observed that the infection rate of H. pylori in the CAG group was higher than non-CAG group. Further cytokine analysis showed that Th17 associated cytokines IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 were increased in periodontal lesions of CAG patients when compared with non-CAG patients. However, Th1, Th2, Th9 and Treg cells specific cytokines were not significantly increased in CAG group when compared with non-CAG group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CAG demonstrated that significant elevated attachment loss in periodontitis lesions, while elevated Th17 cytokines IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 participate in immunopathogenesis of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yaqiang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Department of Periodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Baohong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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Insights into the Suppression of Multidrug-Resistant Helicobacter pylori by Probiotics Supernatant. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.91797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Monno R, De Laurentiis V, Trerotoli P, Roselli AM, Ierardi E, Portincasa P. Helicobacter pylori infection: association with dietary habits and socioeconomic conditions. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019; 43:603-607. [PMID: 30905666 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Few studies have investigated factors possibly related to the source of Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study including a population of 201 H.pylori positive patients and 259 H. pylori negative subjects observed at a tertiary referral center in Apulia. The H. pylori status was assessed by urea breath test. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and the consumption of different foods and beverages in the last year were collected by a questionnaire. RESULTS No significant relationship was found between H. pylori infection and gender or age, type of employment, working in direct contact with the public, residence, level of education or exposure to pets. No association between H.pylori status and the consumption of fish, fruits, legumes, honey, spices, meats, milk and milk products including some typical product of our area was found. The same was true for the consumption of several kind of beverage including green tea and wine. Cigarette smoking and living in the same house with H.pylori positive relatives were significantly associated with H. pylori positivity. The intake of uncooked seafood (mussels and other molluscs) as well as some uncooked vegetables such as tomatos,pepper,and chicory,municipal water and the number of cups of coffee consumed per week correlated significantly with H. pylori status. The consumption of raw vegetables purchased from street vendors and the consumption of meals outside home were also associated with H.pylori infection. CONCLUSIONS Foods may represent an important route in the transmission of H. pylori among humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Monno
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vittoriana De Laurentiis
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Anna Maria Roselli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, P. Giulio Cesare 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Colonization of Dental Unit Waterlines by Helicobacter pylori: Risk of Exposure in Dental Practices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162981. [PMID: 31430972 PMCID: PMC6727081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) can be considered one of the possible routes of H. pylori transmission, although its presence in DUWLs has not yet been investigated thoroughly. The present study aimed to discover the prevalence of H. pylori and oral streptococci (S. oralis and S. mutans) in DUWLs to evaluate the risk of exposure to human pathogens in dental practices. We collected the output water from 60 dental chair units (DCUs) in 26 private dentistry settings in Turin, searching for H. pylori and oral streptococci (OS) DNA, with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. At the same time, dentists completed a questionnaire about their DCUs, their main activities, the presence of anti-retraction devices, their attitudes about disinfection, etc. No dental chair unit tested was contaminated with H. pylori or S. mutans; only one dental chair was contaminated with S. oralis (1.7%). Considering the results, we can state that: (i) the lack of H. pylori DNA in water samples analyzed, suggests that municipal water is presumably treated with a sufficient chlorine level to inactivate DNA over time; (ii) the aspiration of oral fluids is limited by anti-retraction valves fitted distally to hand pieces; (iii) propidium monoazide qPCR (PMA-qPCR) could be a good technique to investigate and monitor potential environmental sources of infections such as DUWLs.
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Ferrari F, Dutra ECG, Zanardi HC, Scolaro BL, Ferrari OM. TIME TRENDS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI PREVALENCE IN ITAJAÍ - SC: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 25 YEARS BASED ON ENDOSCOPIC DATABASE. ARQUIVOS DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA 2019; 56:10-14. [PMID: 31141059 DOI: 10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. Currently, the prevalence in developed countries is 40%, but this value increases considerably in developing countries, which can reach rates bigger than 90%. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the mean and annual prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients from Itajaí during the period from July 1992 to April 2016, as well as the gender and age groups most affected. METHODS After consent of the clinical director of the Gastroclinica Itajaí and confidentiality commitment about the research, the database of the Endoscopy Service of the clinic was evaluated. All the patients who underwent their first upper digestive endoscopy with urease test and/or histological analysis were included. The data were submitted to statistical analysis of prevalence by gender, age group and years of study, with subsequent correction through the confidence interval. RESULTS The mean prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection thru all years of study was 50.07%. With the calculation of the annual prevalences, it was evident the gradual reduction of infection in the population of Itajaí, that was 81.3% in 1992, declining to 33% in the year of 2016. When classifying the prevalence of infection by gender, it was higher in males (53.59%), and gender distribution by age group showed no statistically significant difference among genders between the ages of 40 and 80 years. In relation to the age group, the highest prevalence was in the group between 40 and 49 years. CONCLUSION Although this study is retrospective and based on endoscopic database analysis, without access to clinical data of patients such as prior use of proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics to endoscopy, its results are important because they may reflect the current panorama of Helicobacter pylori infection in the city under study, where it has been presenting a gradual reduction of prevalence over the years, with current rates similar to that of developed countries (33%). Future studies are needed to confirm our data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangio Ferrari
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Itajaí, SC, Brasil
| | | | | | - Bruno Lorenzo Scolaro
- Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Itajaí, SC, Brasil
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Helicobacter pylori and enteric parasites co-infection among diarrheic and non-diarrheic Egyptian children: seasonality, estimated risks, and predictive factors. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:198-208. [PMID: 31263324 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-018-1075-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and intestinal parasites are known for their high prevalence in children. Both of them infect the gastrointestinal tract with overlapping clinical pictures. This study was conducted to determine H. pylori prevalence and its association with intestinal parasites in children, moreover to estimate risk and predictive factors for their detection in stool samples. Single fecal samples were collected from 226 Egyptian pediatric patients (125 diarrheic and 101 non-diarrheic) attending gastroenterology outpatients' clinics, from February 2016 to June 2017. All stool specimens were microscopically examined to search for ova and parasites. Copro-DNAs detection of H. pylori and Cryptosporidium were performed using nested-PCR assays. H. pylori was detected molecularly in 36.8% of the total study population, with a higher prevalence in diarrheic than in non-diarrheic children. Intestinal parasites were detected in 27.4% of the total study populations, of these, 43.9% had co-existence with H. pylori colonized patients and was significantly associated with Cryptosporidium spp. and G. intestinalis. Estimated risk of the presence of H. pylori was in January. Our data provide a better understanding of the epidemiology of H. pylori infection when associated with intestinal parasites. H. pylori co-existence with G. intestinals and Cryptosporidium may suggest the association of H. pylori infection with markers of fecal exposure. Whether H. pylori provides favorable conditions for intestinal parasitosis or vice versa, still further investigations are needed with an emphasis upon determining correlation with gut microbiomes.
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Moubri M, Kalach N, Larras R, Berrah H, Mouffok F, Guechi Z, Cadranel S. Adapted first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in Algerian children. Ann Gastroenterol 2019; 32:60-66. [PMID: 30598593 PMCID: PMC6302196 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2018.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is acquired in early life and continues to have a high prevalence, especially in developing countries. Growing antibiotic-resistant strains necessitate adapted treatments. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, side effects, and influence of resistance of H. pylori strains between two different treatments. METHODS This prospective, randomized blind study enrolled 112 symptomatic children infected with H. pylori (66 girls, mean age 11.1 years). Treatments, allocated randomly irrespective of the susceptibility of the strains, were either the standard omeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin combination for 7 days (OAC7; group A) or omeprazole-amoxicillin with a higher dose of metronidazole (40 instead of 20 mg/kg/d) for 10 days (OAM10; group B). RESULTS Before treatment, the resistance rates of H. pylori strains to metronidazole or clarithromycin were 37% and 13%, respectively, with 7% resistant to both antibiotics and neither to amoxicillin. Eradication rates obtained with OAM10 (80% by intention-to-treat [ITT] and 88% by per protocol [PP] analysis) were higher than with OAC7 (68% in ITT and 71% PP) and the differences (12% in ITT and 17% PP) were statistically significant (P=0.03). Successful treatments with OAM10 were obtained in metronidazole resistant strains and were more effective in children aged >10 years (P=0.02 by ITT and P=0.04 by PP). Only light or moderate side effects, mainly digestive, were observed. CONCLUSION Because of its therapeutic efficacy, good tolerance and lower cost the OAM10 can be considered as an appropriate first-line therapeutic scheme in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostefa Moubri
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital N. Hamoud, CHU Hussein-Dey, Algiers, Algeria (Mostefa Moubri, Hassina Berrah)
- Laboratoire Algérien de Recherche sur Helicobacter (LARH), Algiers, Algeria (Mostafa Moubri, Rezki Larras, Hassina Berrah, Fouzia Mouffok, Zhor Guechi)
| | - Nicolas Kalach
- Saint Vincent de Paul Hospital, Institut Catholique de Lille (GH-ICL), Lille, France (Nicolas Kalach)
| | - Rezki Larras
- Laboratoire Algérien de Recherche sur Helicobacter (LARH), Algiers, Algeria (Mostafa Moubri, Rezki Larras, Hassina Berrah, Fouzia Mouffok, Zhor Guechi)
| | - Hassina Berrah
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital N. Hamoud, CHU Hussein-Dey, Algiers, Algeria (Mostefa Moubri, Hassina Berrah)
- Laboratoire Algérien de Recherche sur Helicobacter (LARH), Algiers, Algeria (Mostafa Moubri, Rezki Larras, Hassina Berrah, Fouzia Mouffok, Zhor Guechi)
| | - Fouzia Mouffok
- Laboratoire Algérien de Recherche sur Helicobacter (LARH), Algiers, Algeria (Mostafa Moubri, Rezki Larras, Hassina Berrah, Fouzia Mouffok, Zhor Guechi)
| | - Zhor Guechi
- Laboratoire Algérien de Recherche sur Helicobacter (LARH), Algiers, Algeria (Mostafa Moubri, Rezki Larras, Hassina Berrah, Fouzia Mouffok, Zhor Guechi)
| | - Samy Cadranel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Queen Fabiola Children’s Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Belgium (Zhor Guechi)
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Current and Future Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infections. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1149:211-225. [PMID: 31016626 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2019_367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common human pathogens and it has been estimated that about 50% of the world's population is currently infected. The present consensus is that, unless there are compelling reasons, all H. pylori infections should be cured. Since the 1990s, different national and international guidelines for the management of H. pylori-related diseases have been published and periodically updated regarding indications for treatment, diagnostic procedures, and preferred treatment regimens. Most guidelines provide sophisticated meta-analyses examining the outcome of different regimens done in regions with variable, often high rates of resistance to antibiotics, for which the prevalence and effects of resistance was often ignored. Although successful antimicrobial therapy must be susceptibility-based, increasing antimicrobial resistance and general unavailability of susceptibility testing have required clinicians to generally rely on empiric regimens. Antibiotics resistance of H. pylori has reached alarming high levels worldwide, which has an effect to efficacy of treatment. The recommendations should provide regimes for multi-resistant infections or for those where susceptibility testing is unavailable or refused. The first rule is to use only proven locally effective therapies. Because of patient intolerances, drug allergies, and local experiences, the clinicians should have at least two options for first-line therapy. As with any antimicrobial therapy, a thorough review of prior antibiotic use is invaluable to identify the presence of probably resistance. The second key is patient education regarding potential and expected side-effects and the importance of completing the course of antibiotics. We also review here triple therapies, sequential-concomitant, hybrid therapies, bismuth therapies, dual therapy, vonoprazan, modern antibiotic treatments, probiotics and vaccination.
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Kayali S, Manfredi M, Gaiani F, Bianchi L, Bizzarri B, Leandro G, Di Mario F, De' Angelis GL. Helicobacter pylori, transmission routes and recurrence of infection: state of the art. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2018; 89:72-76. [PMID: 30561421 PMCID: PMC6502203 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v89i8-s.7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common infection in humans, affecting more than half of the population. The prevalence of the infection varies widely in rural developing areas (more than 80%) compared to urban developed ones (less than 40%), as a consequence of different socioeconomic and hygienic conditions. H. pylori infection is usually acquired during childhood; infected people usually remain asymptomatic, but about 30% of individuals may develop mild to severe upper gastrointestinal diseases such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer or MALT lymphoma. The transmission route is not clear yet; the person-to-person transmission, especially within the same family appears to be prevalent, but also environmental contamination is possible. The eradication without a specific therapeutic regimen is very unlikely and the reinfection rate after an effective eradication therapy is quite rare. The reinfection rate will increase if there are family members affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Kayali
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L. Smith
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
| | - Pina M. Fratamico
- Eastern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania
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Baradari H, Mashak Z, Tavakoli‐Far B. Retracted:Vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA) and cytotoxin‐associated gene A (cagA) genotypes of resistantHelicobacter pyloristrains isolated from raw and pasteurized milk. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Baradari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Zohreh Mashak
- Department of Food Hygiene, Karaj BranchIslamic Azad University Karaj Iran
| | - Bahareh Tavakoli‐Far
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research CenterAlborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
- Department of Physiology and PharmacologyAlborz University of Medical Sciences Karaj Iran
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Ranjbar R, Yadollahi Farsani F, Safarpoor Dehkordi F. Antimicrobial resistance and genotyping ofvacA,cagA, andiceAalleles of theHelicobacter pyloristrains isolated from traditional dairy products. J Food Saf 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research CenterSystems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farid Yadollahi Farsani
- Molecular Biology Research CenterSystems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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Ranjbar R, Farsani FY, Dehkordi FS. Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance and genotypic study of the vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA genotypes of the Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from raw milk. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:115. [PMID: 30288255 PMCID: PMC6162967 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Foods with animal origins and particularly milk play a considerable role in transmission of Helicobacter pylori. The current study was performed to assess phenotypic characters of antibiotic resistance and genotyping pattern of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori strains isolated from raw milk. Methods Six-hundred and thirty raw milk samples were collected and cultured on Wilkins Chalgren anaerobe media. Antibiotic resistance and genotyping patterns were studied using disk diffusion and PCR, respectively. Results Sixty-seven out of 630 (10.63%) raw milk samples were positive for H. pylori. Ovine raw milk (17.27%) samples had the highest prevalence of H. pylori, while camel (5.00%) had the lowest. H. pylori strains harbored the highest prevalence of resistance against ampicillin (82.08%), tetracycline (76.11%), amoxicillin (74.62%), metronidazole (65.67%) and erythromycin (53.73%). Prevalence of resistance against more than 10 types of antibiotics was 17.91%. VacA s1a (83.58%), m1a (80.59%), s2 (77.61%) and m2 (68.65%), cagA (73.13%) and babA2 (44.77%) were the most commonly detected genotypes. We found that S1am1a (56.71%), s2m1a (56.71%), s1 am2 (43.28%) and s2 m2 (43.28%) were the most commonly detected genotyping pattern. Frequency of cagA-, oipA- and babA2- genotypes were 26.86%, 62.68% and 55.22%, respectively. We found that S1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (28.35%), m1a/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (28.35%) and s2/cagA+/iceA1/oipA-/babA2- (26.86%) were the most commonly detected combined genotyping pattern. Conclusions Simultaneous presence of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA and babA2 genotypes in antibiotic resistant H. pylori strains indicates important public health issue regarding the consumption of raw milk. However, additional researches are required to find molecular genetic homology and other epidemiological aspects of H. pylori in milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- 1Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Yadollahi Farsani
- 2Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Quaglia NC, Dambrosio A. Helicobacter pylori: A foodborne pathogen? World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3472-3487. [PMID: 30131654 PMCID: PMC6102504 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i31.3472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is an organism that is widespread in the human population and is sometimes responsible for some of the most common chronic clinical disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in humans, such as chronic-active gastritis, duodenal and gastric ulcer disease, low-grade B-cell mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach, and gastric adenocarcinoma, which is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The routes of infection have not yet been firmly established, and different routes of transmission have been suggested, although the most commonly accepted hypothesis is that infection takes place through the faecal-oral route and that contaminated water and foods might play an important role in transmission of the microorganism to humans. Furthermore, several authors have considered H. pylori to be a foodborne pathogen because of some of its microbiological and epidemiological characteristics. H. pylori has been detected in drinking water, seawater, vegetables and foods of animal origin. H. pylori survives in complex foodstuffs such as milk, vegetables and ready-to-eat foods. This review article presents an overview of the present knowledge on the microbiological aspects in terms of phenotypic characteristics and growth requirements of H. pylori, focusing on the potential role that foodstuffs and water may play in the transmission of the pathogen to humans and the methods successfully used for the detection of this microorganism in foodstuffs and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta C Quaglia
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano 70010, Italy
| | - Angela Dambrosio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section of Veterinary Clinic and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Valenzano 70010, Italy
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Schwahn C, Samietz S, Mundt T, Völzke H, Kocher T, Mayerle J, Holtfreter B, Lerch MM, Biffar R, Schulz C. Reducing uncertainty in estimating associations of oral exposures with Helicobacter pylori serology in the general population. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45:1056-1068. [PMID: 29974491 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Evidence for reducing Helicobacter (H.) pylori by periodontal therapy comes from small studies in China, limiting generalizability. To estimate the association between periodontal disease and anti-H. pylori IgG titer levels in a European country, we used population-based data from the Study of Health in Pomerania. MATERIALS AND METHODS For pocket depth as the primary exposure, we restricted the age range to participants younger than 60 years (n = 2,481) to avoid selection bias due to edentulism in this cross-sectional study. For the full age range up to 81 years, we chose the number of missing teeth (n = 3,705). RESULTS The association between pocket depth and the outcome was weak. Given the ceiling effect for the number of missing teeth (ordinal logistic regression; odds ratio of the interquartile range effect = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.3-1.9; p-value for linearity = 0.005), we checked whether wearing removable dental prosthesis was associated with higher anti-H. pylori IgG titer levels (odds ratio = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.5). CONCLUSIONS Tooth loss and wearing removable dental prosthesis were weakly to moderately associated with higher anti-H. pylori IgG titer levels in the general population of a European country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schwahn
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefanie Samietz
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Torsten Mundt
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Mayerle
- Department of Medicine A/Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Medicine 2, Universitätsklinikum München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Birte Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M Lerch
- Department of Medicine A/Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Reiner Biffar
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerodontology and Biomaterials, Centre of Oral Health, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Department of Medicine 2, Universitätsklinikum München (KUM), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Delahoy MJ, Wodnik B, McAliley L, Penakalapati G, Swarthout J, Freeman MC, Levy K. Pathogens transmitted in animal feces in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2018; 221:661-676. [PMID: 29729998 PMCID: PMC6013280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Animals found in close proximity to humans in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) harbor many pathogens capable of infecting humans, transmissible via their feces. Contact with animal feces poses a currently unquantified-though likely substantial-risk to human health. In LMIC settings, human exposure to animal feces may explain some of the limited success of recent water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions that have focused on limiting exposure to human excreta, with less attention to containing animal feces. We conducted a review to identify pathogens that may substantially contribute to the global burden of disease in humans through their spread in animal feces in the domestic environment in LMICs. Of the 65 potentially pathogenic organisms considered, 15 were deemed relevant, based on burden of disease and potential for zoonotic transmission. Of these, five were considered of highest concern based on a substantial burden of disease for which transmission in animal feces is potentially important: Campylobacter, non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Lassa virus, Cryptosporidium, and Toxoplasma gondii. Most of these have a wide range of animal hosts, except Lassa virus, which is spread through the feces of rats indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa. Combined, these five pathogens cause close to one million deaths annually. More than half of these deaths are attributed to invasive NTS. We do not estimate an overall burden of disease from improperly managed animal feces in LMICs, because it is unknown what proportion of illnesses caused by these pathogens can be attributed to contact with animal feces. Typical water quantity, water quality, and handwashing interventions promoted in public health and development address transmission routes for both human and animal feces; however, sanitation interventions typically focus on containing human waste, often neglecting the residual burden of disease from pathogens transmitted via animal feces. This review compiles evidence on which pathogens may contribute to the burden of disease through transmission in animal feces; these data will help prioritize intervention types and regions that could most benefit from interventions aimed at reducing human contact with animal feces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Delahoy
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Breanna Wodnik
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lydia McAliley
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gauthami Penakalapati
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jenna Swarthout
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Matthew C Freeman
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Karen Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Salah Ud-Din AIM, Roujeinikova A. Flagellin glycosylation with pseudaminic acid in Campylobacter and Helicobacter: prospects for development of novel therapeutics. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1163-1178. [PMID: 29080090 PMCID: PMC11105201 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria require flagella-mediated motility to colonise and persist in their hosts. Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni are flagellated epsilonproteobacteria associated with several human pathologies, including gastritis, acute diarrhea, gastric carcinoma and neurological disorders. In both species, glycosylation of flagellin with an unusual sugar pseudaminic acid (Pse) plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of functional flagella, and thereby in bacterial motility and pathogenesis. Pse is found only in pathogenic bacteria. Its biosynthesis via six consecutive enzymatic steps has been extensively studied in H. pylori and C. jejuni. This review highlights the importance of flagella glycosylation and details structural insights into the enzymes in the Pse pathway obtained via a combination of biochemical, crystallographic, and mutagenesis studies of the enzyme-substrate and -inhibitor complexes. It is anticipated that understanding the underlying structural and molecular basis of the catalytic mechanisms of the Pse-synthesising enzymes will pave the way for the development of novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Iftiaf Md Salah Ud-Din
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Roujeinikova
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Techo S, Visessanguan W, Vilaichone RK, Tanasupawat S. Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Against Helicobacter pylori of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Thai Fermented Rice Noodle. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 11:92-102. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Oleastro M, Rocha R, Vale FF. Population genetic structure of Helicobacter pylori strains from Portuguese-speaking countries. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28271597 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human gastric colonizer Helicobacter pylori is useful to track human migrations given the agreement between the bacterium phylogeographic distribution and human migrations. As Portugal was an African and Brazilian colonizer for over 400 years, we hypothesized that Portuguese isolates were likely genetically closer with those from countries colonized by Portuguese in the past. We aimed to characterize the population structure of several Portuguese-speaking countries, including Portugal, Brazil, Angola, and Cape Verde. MATERIALS AND METHODS We included strains isolated in Portugal from Portuguese and from former Portuguese colonies. These strains were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for seven housekeeping genes. We also retrieved from Multi Locus Sequence Typing Web site additional housekeeping gene sequences, namely from Angola and Brazil. RESULTS We provided evidence that strains from Portuguese belong to hpEurope and that the introgression of hpEurope in non-European countries that speak Portuguese is low, except for Brazil and Cape Verde, where hpEurope accounted for one quarter and one half of the population, respectively. We found genetic similarity for all strains from Portuguese-speaking countries that belong to hpEurope population. Moreover, these strains showed a predominance of ancestral Europe 2 (AE2) over ancestral Europe 1 (AE1), followed by ancestral Africa 1. CONCLUSIONS H. pylori is a useful marker even for relative recent human migration events and may become rapidly differentiated from founder populations. H. pylori from Portuguese-speaking countries assigned to hpEurope appears to be a hybrid population resulting from the admixture of AE1, AE2 and ancestral hpAfrica1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Oleastro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raquel Rocha
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filipa F Vale
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Morais S, Costa AR, Ferro A, Lunet N, Peleteiro B. Contemporary migration patterns in the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28098406 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A rapid growth in the number of international migrants over the past years has occurred with most traveling to more affluent settings. As Helicobacter pylori infects over half of the adult population and its prevalence is higher in developing countries, understanding the prevalence of infection in migrants can provide insight into future trends in the burden and management of infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence of H. pylori among migrants through a systematic literature review. METHODS We searched PubMed® from inception to September 2015 to identify studies reporting the prevalence of H. pylori in international migrants according to country of birth for first-generation, and country of birth and parents' nationality for successive generations. Comparable data from origin and destination populations were obtained from the same studies or, when not present, from a previous systematic review on H. pylori worldwide. RESULTS A total of 28 eligible studies were identified with data for 29 origin and 12 destination countries. Two studies that evaluated refugees presented prevalences of infection higher than both the origin and destination countries. Otherwise, the prevalences among migrants were generally similar or below that of the origin and higher than the destination. Second- or more generation had lower prevalences compared to first-generation migrants. CONCLUSIONS Our study findings are consistent with what would be expected based on the prevalence of H. pylori worldwide. The results of this review show that migrants are particularly at risk of infection and help to identify gaps in the knowledge of migrants' prevalence of infection globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Ferro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Lunet
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Peleteiro
- ISPUP-EPIUnit, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Departamento de Epidemiologia, Saúde Pública, Ciências Forenses, Educação e Simulação Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Gunnarsdottir AI, Gudjonsson H, Hardardottir H, Jonsdottir KD, Bjornsson ES. Antibiotic susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori in Iceland. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017; 49:647-654. [PMID: 28440099 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2017.1317359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) to antibiotics calls for constant re-evaluation of multidrug regimens that have been used to eradicate the infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current antibiotic susceptibility of H. pylori in an Icelandic cohort. METHODS Patients referred for gastroscopy were recruited prospectively. Those found to have a positive rapid urease test were included in the study. Susceptibility testing was conducted by the Epsilometer test (E-test) method for ampicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tetracycline. Results were obtained after three days of incubation in microaerophilic conditions at 37 °C, except for the metronidazole were the first 24 hours were anaerobic. RESULTS Of the 613 patients who underwent gastroscopy, 138 (23%) had a positive rapid urease test. H. pylori was successfully cultured from 105 (76%) of the urease test positive patients and the isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility. Five patients had prior H. pylori eradication. Antibiotic resistance for ampicillin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole and tetracycline was 0%, 9%, 4%, 1% and 0%, respectively. If those who had previously undergone eradication treatment were excluded, the resistance was 0%, 6%, 3%, 1% and 0%, respectively. Clarithromycin resistance was higher amongst women than men, 13% vs. 5%, however, not significantly. Clarithromycin resistance was 60% amongst those who had previously received eradication treatment compared to 6% of those who had not (p < .0001). CONCLUSIONS Clarithromycin resistance amongst the H. pylori isolates can be considered relatively low. Therefore, in the current cohort, standard triple-drug clarithromycin-containing regimen should remain the first-line treatment against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ingibjorg Gunnarsdottir
- a Hospital Pharmacy, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.,b Faculty of Pharmaceutical sciences , The University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Hallgrimur Gudjonsson
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.,d Faculty of Medicine , The University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Hjordis Hardardottir
- e Department of Clinical Microbiology , Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | | | - Einar Stefan Bjornsson
- c Department of Internal Medicine , Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.,d Faculty of Medicine , The University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
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Zahedi L, Jafari E, Torabi Parizi M, Shafieipour S, Hayat Bakhsh Abbasi M, Darvish Moghadam S, Zahedi MJ. The Association between Oral Hygiene and Gastric Pathology in Patients with Dyspepsia: a Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast Iran. Middle East J Dig Dis 2017; 9:33-38. [PMID: 28316764 PMCID: PMC5308132 DOI: 10.15171/mejdd.2016.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Many studies have reported an association between periodontal infections and some systemic diseases such as respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Some studies found a direct association between chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and poor periodontal health.
METHODS
In a cross-sectional study from November 2014 to December 2015 in Kerman, the largest province in southeast Iran, patients with dyspepsia who were candidate for diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy were included in our study. Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and Loe plaque index that are two popular indexes in dental epidemiology were used to assess the oral health by a dentist before the upper GI endoscopy. According to the Loe plaque index, score: 0= no plaque, score: 1= a film of plaque attaching to the free gingival border and near area of the tooth, score: 2= moderate reposition of deposits within the gingival pocket, score :3= plenty of soft matter within the gingival pocket±on the tooth and gingival border. Scores ≤1, 2 and 3 equal to good, moderate, and poor oral hygiene, respectively. During upper GI endoscopy a total of six biopsy samples were taken from fundus, body, and antrum. A pathologist reported these samples according to Sidney’s classification into superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia.
RESULTS
According to Sidney’s classification 77 (89.5%) patients had superficial gastritis, 3 (3.5%) had atrophic gastritis, and 6 (7%) had intestinal metaplasia. HP was found in 80.2% of the gastric mucosal biopsy samples. There were not statistically significant relationship between Sidney’s classification, presence of HP in gastric mucosal biopsies, and hygiene indicators (p>0.05). No relation was found between the DMFT index and superficial gastritis, atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia (p>0.05). Gastric infection with HP was found in 70%, 75%, and 100% of patients with mild, moderate, and sever DMFT index, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our study showed that there might be a relation between poor oral hygiene and gastric precancerous lesions. In addition, HP infection in gastric histopathology might be associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leili Zahedi
- Researcher, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Jafari
- Assistant Professor, Pathology and stem cells Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science ,Kerman,Iran
| | - Molook Torabi Parizi
- Associate Professor, Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sara Shafieipour
- Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Digestive Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hayat Bakhsh Abbasi
- Associate Professor of Internal Medicine, Digestive Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sodaif Darvish Moghadam
- Professor of Internal Medicine, Digestive Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Zahedi
- Professor of Internal Medicine, Digestive Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Aksit Bıcak D, Akyuz S, Kıratlı B, Usta M, Urganci N, Alev B, Yarat A, Sahin F. The investigation of Helicobacter pylori in the dental biofilm and saliva samples of children with dyspeptic complaints. BMC Oral Health 2017; 17:67. [PMID: 28327128 PMCID: PMC5361728 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-017-0361-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The oral cavity can be an extra-gastric reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori). This can play a role in the pathogenesis of halitosis, glossitis, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and dental caries. The present study was conducted to detect the presence of H.pylori within the dental biofilm and in saliva samples collected from children suffering from dyspepsia and children without any gastrointestinal complaints. Associations with gastric infection, halitosis, and some oral parameters were also evaluated. Methods Seventy children (aged between 5–16) with dyspepsia were selected for the study group and control group composed of 30 healthy children without dyspepsia were also included in the study. After detailed oral and clinical examinations for oral parameters, saliva, and supragingival dental biofilm samples were collected for 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The presence of gastric H.pylori was evaluated in endoscopic biopsy specimens histopathologically. Halitosis was evaluated by benzoyl-DL-arginine-naphthylamid (BANA) test. Salivary S.mutans and Lactobacilli sp. counts were also carried out by commercial kits. Results H.pylori was histopathologically detected amongst 83% of the children with the dyspeptic condition. The detection rate of this bacteria in dental biofilm and saliva samples and halitosis were found relatively higher in the dyspeptic children rather than the control group (p < 0.01). Halitosis was not significantly different between dyspeptic children and those detected with H.pylori (p > 0.05). In the gastric H.pylori positive group with dyspepsia, DMFT/S and dmft/s numbers and plaque indices were found higher than the control group (p < 0.01). Only plaque indices of gastric H.pylori negative group with dyspepsia were found higher than the control group (p < 0.01). S.mutans and Lactobacilli sp. counts were not significantly different between gastric H.pylori positive and negative groups (p > 0.05). Comparing to those with negative for both genes, in children whose dental biofilm and saliva samples were positive for both 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes, significantly higher results for halitosis, and DMFS numbers and significantly lower results for dmfs numbers and pH values were found (p < 0.01). Conclusions Helicobacter pylori can occur in the oral cavity aside and independently from the stomach. However, the high number of bacteria in the oral cavities of children with gastric H.pylori, an association between the presence of H.pylori and halitosis, DMFS, and pH were found. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12903-017-0361-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Aksit Bıcak
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu 9/3 34854 Basibuyuk, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Serap Akyuz
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University, Basibuyuk Yolu 9/3 34854 Basibuyuk, Maltepe, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Binnur Kıratlı
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Merve Usta
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Nafiye Urganci
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Education and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcin Alev
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Yarat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Biochemistry, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Sahin
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Roque JRDS, Machado RS, Rodrigues D, Rech P, Kawakami E. Prevalência de infecção por Helicobacter pylori em uma comunidade indígena em São Paulo e fatores associados: estudo transversalPrevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in an indigenous community in São Paulo and associated factors: cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:140-145. [PMID: 28538867 PMCID: PMC9977331 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0114091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is unevenly distributed among different populations. The aim here was to evaluate the factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among children up to five years of age living in a high-risk community. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in an indigenous community of Guarani Mbya ethnicity, Tekoa Ytu and Tekoa Pyau villages, Jaraguá district, city of São Paulo (SP), Brazil. METHODS: 74 children aged 0.4 to 4.9 years (mean 2.9 ± 1.3 years; median 3.1), and 145 family members (86 siblings, 43 mothers and 16 fathers) were evaluated for Helicobacter pylori infection using the validated 13C-urea breath test. Clinical and demographic data were collected. RESULTS: The prevalence was 8.3% among children aged 1-2 years and reached 64.3% among those aged 4-5 years (P = 0.018; overall 31.1%). The prevalence was 76.7% among siblings and 89.8% among parents. There was a negative association with previous use of antibiotics in multivariate analysis adjusted for age (odds ratio, OR: 0.07; 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.01 to 0.66; P = 0.02). The prevalence was higher among males (OR: 1.55), and was associated with maternal infection (OR: 1.81), infection of both parents (OR: 1.5), vomiting (OR: 1.28), intestinal parasitosis (OR: 2.25), previous hospitalization (OR: 0.69) and breastfeeding (OR: 1.87). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence was high among subjects older than three years of age, thus suggesting that the incidence of infection was higher over the first three years of life. Previous use of antibiotics was inversely associated with current Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Rejane da Silva Roque
- MD, MSc. Postgraduate Student, Discipline of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Strehl Machado
- MD, PhD. Clinical Instructor, Discipline of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Douglas Rodrigues
- MD, PhD. Clinical Instructor, Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Rech
- MSc. Postgraduate Student, Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Elisabete Kawakami
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Discipline of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (EPM-Unifesp), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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