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Lima JMS, Carneiro KO, Pinto UM, Todorov SD. Bacteriocinogenic anti-listerial properties and safety assessment of Enterococcus faecium and Lactococcus garvieae strains isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheesemaking environment. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae159. [PMID: 38925659 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to prospect and isolate lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from an artisanal cheese production environment, to assess their safety, and to explore their bacteriocinogenic potential against Listeria monocytogenes. METHODS AND RESULTS Samples were collected from surfaces of an artisanal-cheese production facility and after rep-PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, selected strains were identified as to be belonging to Lactococcus garvieae (1 strain) and Enterococcus faecium (14 isolates, grouped into three clusters) associated with different environments (worktables, cheese mold, ripening wooden shelves). All of them presented bacteriocinogenic potential against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 and were confirmed as safe (γ-hemolytic, not presenting antibiotic resistance, no mucus degradation properties, and no proteolytic or gelatinase enzyme activity). Additionally, cell growth, acidification and bacteriocins production kinetics, bacteriocin stability in relation to different temperatures, pH, and chemicals were evaluated. According to performed PCR analysis all studied strains generated positive evidence for the presence of entA and entP genes (for production of enterocins A and enterocins P, respectively). However, pediocin PA-1 associated gene was recorded only in DNA obtained from E. faecium ST02JL and Lc. garvieae ST04JL. CONCLUSIONS It is worth considering the application of these safe LAB or their bacteriocins in situ as an alternative means of controlling L. monocytogenes in cheese production environments, either alone or in combination with other antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcos Scafuro Lima
- ProBacLab, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Kayque Ordonho Carneiro
- ProBacLab, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Uelinton Manoel Pinto
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- ProBacLab, Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Food Research Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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2
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Ssemanda JN, den Besten HMW, van Wagenberg CPA, Zwietering MH. Quantitative assessment of food safety interventions for Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. along the chicken meat supply chain in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 415:110637. [PMID: 38422679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Rural and small-scale chicken farming is a major source of income in most African countries, and chicken meat is an important source of nutrients. However, chicken meat can be contaminated with Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp., pathogens with a high reported burden of foodborne illnesses. Therefore, it is essential to control these pathogens in chicken meat. Quantitative microbial risk assessments (QMRA) can aid the development of effective food safety control measures and are currently lacking in chicken meat supply chains in the African context. In this study, we developed stochastic QMRA models for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. in the chicken meat supply chain in Burkina Faso and Ethiopia employing the modular process risk model in @Risk software. The study scope covered chicken farming, transport, slaughtering, consumer handling, and consumption. Effectiveness of candidate interventions was assessed against baseline models' outputs, which showed that the mean annual Campylobacter spp. risk estimates were 6482 cases of illness per 100,000 persons and 164 disability adjusted life years (DALYs) per 100,000 persons in Burkina Faso, and 12,145 cases and 272 DALYs per 100,000 persons in Ethiopia. For Salmonella spp., mean annual estimates were 2713 cases and 1212 DALYs per 100,000 persons in Burkina Faso, and 4745 cases and 432 DALYs per 100,000 persons in Ethiopia. Combining interventions (improved hand washing plus designated kitchen utensils plus improved cooking) resulted in 75 % risk reduction in Burkina Faso at restaurants and 93 to 94 % in Ethiopia at homes for both Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. For Burkina Faso, adding good hygienic slaughter practices at the market to these combined interventions led to over 91 % microbial risk reduction. Interventions that involved multiple food safety actions in a particular step of the supply chain or combining different interventions from different steps of the supply chain resulted in more risk reduction than individual action interventions. Overall, this study demonstrates how diverse and scanty food supply chain information can be applied in QMRA to provide estimates that can be used to stimulate risk-based food safety action in African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Noah Ssemanda
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidy M W den Besten
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen P A van Wagenberg
- Wageningen Economic Research, Wageningen University & Research, 2970, 2502 LS, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel H Zwietering
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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3
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Girard C, Chabrillat T, Kerros S, Fravalo P, Thibodeau A. Essential oils mix effect on chicks ileal and caecal microbiota modulation: a metagenomics sequencing approach. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1350151. [PMID: 38638639 PMCID: PMC11025455 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1350151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Microbiota plays a pivotal role in promoting the health and wellbeing of poultry. Essential oils (EOs) serve as an alternative solution for modulating poultry microbiota. This study aimed to investigate, using amplicon sequencing, the effect of a complex and well-defined combination of EOs feed supplement on both ileal and caecal broiler microbiota, within the context of Salmonella and Campylobacter intestinal colonization. Material and methods For this experiment, 150-day-old Ross chicks were randomly allocated to two groups: T+ (feed supplementation with EO mix 500 g/t) and T- (non-supplemented). At day 7, 30 birds from each group were orally inoculated with 106 CFU/bird of a Salmonella enteritidis and transferred to the second room, forming the following groups: TS+ (30 challenged birds receiving infeed EO mix at 500g/t) and TS- (30 challenged birds receiving a non-supplemented control feed). At day 14, the remaining birds in the first room were orally inoculated with 103 CFU/bird of two strains of Campylobacter jejuni, resulting in the formation of groups T+C+ and T-C+. Birds were sacrificed at day 7, D10, D14, D17, and D21. Ileal and caecal microbiota samples were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. At D7 and D14, ileal alpha diversity was higher for treated birds (p <0.05). Results and discussion No significant differences between groups were observed in caecal alpha diversity (p>0.05). The ileal beta diversity exhibited differences between groups at D7 (p < 0.008), D10 (p = 0.029), D14 (p = 0.001) and D17 (p = 0.018), but not at D21 (p = 0.54). For all time points, the analysis indicated that 6 biomarkers were negatively impacted, while 10 biomarkers were positively impacted. Sellimonas and Weissella returned the lowest (negative) and highest (positive) coefficient, respectively. At each time point, treatments influenced caecal microbiota beta diversity (p < 0.001); 31 genera were associated with T+: 10 Ruminoccocaceae genera were alternatively more abundant and less abundant from D7, 7 Lachnospiraceae genera were alternatively more and less abundant from D10, 6 Oscillospiraceae genera were variable depending on the date and 4 Enterobacteriaceae differed from D7. During all the experiment, Campylobacter decreased in treated birds (p < 0.05). This study showed that EO mix modulates ileal and caecal microbiota composition both before and during challenge conditions, increasing alpha diversity, especially in ileum during the early stages of chick life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Philippe Fravalo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Thibodeau
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Research Chair in Meat-Safety (CRSV), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swine and Avian Infectious Disease Research Centre (CRIPA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Groupe de recherche et d'enseignement en salubrité alimentaire (GRESA), Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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Salek S, Moazamian E, Mohammadi Bardbori A, Shamsdin SA. The anticancer effect of potential probiotic L. fermentum and L. plantarum in combination with 5-fluorouracil on colorectal cancer cells. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:139. [PMID: 38514489 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an effective chemotherapy drug in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, auxiliary or alternative therapies must be sought due to its resistance and potential side effects. Certain probiotic metabolites exhibit anticancer properties. In this study evaluated the anticancer and potential therapeutic activities of cell extracts potential probiotic strains, Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from the mule milk and the standard probiotic strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) against the human colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and the normal cell line (HEK-293) alone or in combination with 5-FU. In this study, L. plantarum and L. fermentum, which were isolated from mule milk, were identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Their probiotic properties were investigated in vitro and compared with the standard probiotic strain of the species L. rhamnosus GG. The MTT assay, acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) fluorescent staining, and flow cytometry were employed to measure the viability of cell lines, cell apoptosis, and production rates of Th17 cytokines, respectively. The results demonstrated that the combination of lactobacilli cell extracts and 5-FU decreased cell viability and induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells. Furthermore, this combination protected HEK-293 cells from the cytotoxic effects of 5-FU, enhancing their viability and reducing apoptosis. Moreover, the combination treatment led to an increase in the levels of IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, which can enhance anti-tumor immunity. In conclusion, the cell extracts of the lactobacilli strains probably can act as a potential complementary anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Salek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Moazamian
- Department of Microbiology, College of Sciences, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Afshin Mohammadi Bardbori
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Azra Shamsdin
- Gasteroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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5
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Stewart J, Pavic A. Advances in enteropathogen control throughout the meat chicken production chain. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2346-2407. [PMID: 37038302 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteropathogens, namely Salmonella and Campylobacter, are a concern in global public health and have been attributed in numerous risk assessments to a poultry source. During the last decade, a large body of research addressing this problem has been published. The literature reviewed contains review articles on certain aspects of poultry production chain; however, in the past decade there has not been a review on the entire chain-farm to fork-of poultry production. For this review, a pool of 514 articles were selected for relevance via a systematic screening process (from >7500 original search articles). These studies identified a diversity of management and intervention strategies for the elimination or reduction of enteropathogens in poultry production. Many studies were laboratory or limited field trials with implementation in true commercial operations being problematic. Entities considering using commercial antienteropathogen products and interventions are advised to perform an internal validation and fit-for-purpose trial as Salmonella and Campylobacter serovars and biovars may have regional diversity. Future research should focus on nonchemical application within the processing plant and how a combination of synergisticinterventions through the production chain may contribute to reducing the overall carcass burden of enteropathogens, coupled with increased consumer education on safe handling and cooking of poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Stewart
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony Pavic
- Birling Laboratories Pty Ltd, Bringelly, New South Wales, Australia
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Abreu R, Semedo-Lemsaddek T, Cunha E, Tavares L, Oliveira M. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance in Poultry Production: Current Status and Innovative Strategies for Bacterial Control. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040953. [PMID: 37110376 PMCID: PMC10141167 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The world population’s significant increase has promoted a higher consumption of poultry products, which must meet the specified demand while maintaining their quality and safety. It is well known that conventional antimicrobials (antibiotics) have been used in livestock production, including poultry, as a preventive measure against or for the treatment of infectious bacterial diseases. Unfortunately, the use and misuse of these compounds has led to the development and dissemination of antimicrobial drug resistance, which is currently a serious public health concern. Multidrug-resistant bacteria are on the rise, being responsible for serious infections in humans and animals; hence, the goal of this review is to discuss the consequences of antimicrobial drug resistance in poultry production, focusing on the current status of this agroeconomic sector. Novel bacterial control strategies under investigation for application in this industry are also described. These innovative approaches include antimicrobial peptides, bacteriophages, probiotics and nanoparticles. Challenges related to the application of these methods are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Abreu
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Semedo-Lemsaddek
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eva Cunha
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA—Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para Ciência Animal e Veterinária (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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7
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Rather IA, Wani MY, Kamli MR, Sabir JSM, Hakeem KR, Firoz A, Park YH, Hor YY. Limosilactobacillus fermentum KAU0021 Abrogates Mono- and Polymicrobial Biofilms Formed by Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041079. [PMID: 37111565 PMCID: PMC10145238 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus, representing two different kingdoms, are the most frequently isolated pathogens from invasive infections. Their pathogenic attributes, combined with drug resistance, make them a major threat and a challenge to successful treatments, mainly when involved in polymicrobial biofilm-associated infections. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial potential of Lactobacillus metabolite extracts (LMEs) purified from cell-free supernatant of four Lactobacillus strains (KAU007, KAU0010, KAU0021, and Pro-65). Furthermore, LME obtained from the strain KAU0021 (LMEKAU0021), being the most effective, was analyzed for its anti-biofilm property against mono- and polymicrobial biofilms formed by C. albicans and S. aureus. The impact of LMEKAU0021 on membrane integrity in single and mixed culture conditions was also evaluated using propidium iodide. The MIC values recorded for LMEKAU0021 was 406 µg/mL, 203 µg/mL, and 406 µg/mL against planktonic cells of C. albicans SC5314, S. aureus and polymicrobial culture, respectively. The LMEKAU0021 at sub-MIC values potentially abrogates both biofilm formation as well as 24 h mature mono- and polymicrobial biofilms. These results were further validated using different microscopy and viability assays. For insight mechanism, LMEKAU0021 displayed a strong impact on cell membrane integrity of both pathogens in single and mixed conditions. A hemolytic assay using horse blood cells at different concentrations of LMEKAU0021 confirmed the safety of this extract. The results from this study correlate the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm properties of lactobacilli against bacterial and fungal pathogens in different conditions. Further in vitro and in vivo studies determining these effects will support the aim of discovering an alternative strategy for combating serious polymicrobial infections caused by C. albicans and S. aureus.
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8
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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9
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De Giani A, Pagliari S, Zampolli J, Forcella M, Fusi P, Bruni I, Campone L, Di Gennaro P. Characterization of the Biological Activities of a New Polyphenol-Rich Extract from Cinnamon Bark on a Probiotic Consortium and Its Action after Enzymatic and Microbial Fermentation on Colorectal Cell Lines. Foods 2022; 11:3202. [PMCID: PMC9602362 DOI: 10.3390/foods11203202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamon polyphenols are known as health-promoting agents. However, their positive impact depends on the extraction method and their bioaccessibility after digestion. In this work, cinnamon bark polyphenols were extracted in hot water and subjected to an in vitro enzymatic digestion. After a preliminary characterization of total polyphenols and flavonoids (respectively 520.05 ± 17.43 µgGAeq/mg and 294.77 ± 19.83 µgCATeq/mg powder extract), the extract antimicrobial activity was evidenced only against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis displaying a minimum inhibition growth concentration value of 2 and 1.3 mg/mL, respectively, although it was lost after in vitro extract digestion. The prebiotic potential was evaluated on probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains highlighting a high growth on the in vitro digested cinnamon bark extract (up to 4 × 108 CFU/mL). Thus, the produced SCFAs and other secondary metabolites were extracted from the broth cultures and determined via GC-MSD analyses. The viability of healthy and tumor colorectal cell lines (CCD841 and SW480) was assayed after the exposition at two different concentrations (23 and 46 µgGAeq/mL) of the cinnamon extract, its digested, and the secondary metabolites produced in presence of cinnamon extract or its digested, showing positive protective effects against a tumorigenic condition.
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10
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Effect of Probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Immune Responses, Intestinal Morphology, and Gut Microbes of Campylobacter jejuni Infected Chickens. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0033722. [PMID: 36135600 PMCID: PMC9584303 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00337-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis and holds significant public health importance. The continuing increase of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter necessitates the development of antibiotic-alternative approaches to control infections in poultry and in humans. Here, we assessed the ability of E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN; free and chitosan-alginate microencapsulated) to reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens and measured the effect of EcN on the immune responses, intestinal morphology, and gut microbes of chickens. Our results showed that the supplementation of 3-week-old chickens daily with free EcN in drinking water resulted in a 2.0 log reduction of C. jejuni colonization in the cecum, whereas supplementing EcN orally three times a week, either free or microencapsulated, resulted in 2.0 and 2.5 log reductions of C. jejuni colonization, respectively. Gavaged free and microencapsulated EcN did not have an impact on the evenness or the richness of the cecal microbiota, but it did increase the villous height (VH), crypt depth (CD), and VH:CD ratio in the jejunum and ileum of chickens. Further, the supplementation of EcN (all types) increased C. jejuni-specific and total IgA and IgY antibodies in chicken’s serum. Microencapsulated EcN induced the expression of several cytokines and chemokines (1.6 to 4.3-fold), which activate the Th1, Th2, and Th17 pathways. Overall, microencapsulated EcN displayed promising effects as a potential nonantibiotic strategy to control C. jejuni colonization in chickens. Future studies on testing microencapsulated EcN in the feed and water of chickens raised on built-up floor litter would facilitate the development of EcN for industrial applications to control Campylobacter infections in poultry.
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11
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Zhang W, Lai S, Zhou Z, Yang J, Liu H, Zhong Z, Fu H, Ren Z, Shen L, Cao S, Deng L, Peng G. Screening and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria with probiotic potential from local Holstein raw milk. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:918774. [PMID: 35979483 PMCID: PMC9377552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.918774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There are massive bacteria in the raw milk, especially the lactic acid bacteria (LABs), which have been considered probiotics in humans and animals for a long time. Novel probiotics are still urgently needed because of the rapid development of the probiotic industry. To obtain new LABs with high probiotic potential, we obtained 26 LAB isolates, named L1 ~ L26, from local Holstein raw milk collected from a farm whose milk had never been used for LAB isolation. We identified them at the species level by biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing methods. Their antagonistic activities against four target pathogens (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and Salmonella enterica H9812), co-aggregative ability with these target pathogens, survivability in the simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions and phenol, auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity, hemolytic activity, and antibiotic susceptibility, were evaluated in vitro. Five Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolates (L5, L14, L17, L19, and L20) showed more promising probiotic potential than others. Specifically, these five isolates conglutinated with and inhibited all the target pathogens, and survived in the simulated gastric juice (92.55 ~ 99.69%), intestinal juice (76.18 ~ 83.39%), and 0.4% phenol (76.95 ~ 88.91%); possessed considerable auto-aggregation (83.91 ~ 90.33% at 24 h) and hydrophobicity (79.32 ~ 92.70%); and were non-hemolytic, sensitive to kinds of common antimicrobials. Our findings demonstrated that these five isolates could be preliminarily determined as probiotic candidates because they have better probiotic potential than those previously reported. Again, this study highlighted the potential of raw milk for probiotic isolating and screening and provided the probiotic industry with five new LAB candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiji Lai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liuhong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lei Deng,
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Guangneng Peng,
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12
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In vitro and in vivo activity of Lactobacillus sakei L14 strain against Campylobacter jejuni DC3 strain. J Vet Res 2022; 66:85-94. [PMID: 35582492 PMCID: PMC8959693 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Domestic poultry is a natural reservoir of Campylobacter, the host–pathogen interaction being predominantly asymptomatic. This study investigated whether chickens remain asymptomatic partly because of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Material and Methods Campylobacter spp. and LAB were isolated from the gut of poultry chickens using enrichment and screening assays and were identified via rDNA sequencing. The C. jejuni DC3 isolate was grown in different cell-free supernatants (CFS) generated from a priority LAB isolate. An in vivo challenge involving the C. jejuni and LAB isolates using a chicken model was performed to confirm the in vitro findings. Results Twelve presumptive LAB isolates had anti-C. jejuni activity based on cross-streak and agar plug assays, with Lactobacillus sakei L14 isolate exhibiting the highest activity. Inhibition by L. sakei L14 CFS of the growth of C. jejuni occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Campylobacter jejuni DC3 inhibition was most evident in CFS harvested at 72 h and produced by co-culture with the pathogen. Neutralisation of the CFS abrogated the observed inhibition. Co-infection with C. jejuni DC3 and L. sakei L14 in vivo, however, failed to inhibit C. jejuni colonisation in chickens. Conclusion The results suggest that the anti-C. jejuni effect of L. sakei L14 in chickens may be due to mechanisms other than direct inhibition of growth.
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13
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Evaluation of Selected Bacteria and Yeast for Probiotic Potential in Poultry Production. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040676. [PMID: 35456726 PMCID: PMC9025956 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Performance and efficiency of feed utilization in poultry is highly influenced by gut health, which is dependent on intestinal microbial balance. Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements or viable microorganisms that beneficially affect the host animal by improving its gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbial balance. However, their mode of action and suitable GIT environment favoring their colonization of the GIT is obscure. The probiotic properties of Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium longum, and Saccharomyces boulardii were evaluated. These microbes were tested in vitro against gastrointestinal conditions for survivability and their ability to attach to the intestinal mucosa. The ability of the microbes to tolerate and survive varying pH levels and bile concentrations was assessed. The microbes were challenged with a pH of 2 to 7 for 5 h and bile concentrations of 1 to 3% for 6 hrs. The microbes were sampled hourly to evaluate growth or decline in colony-forming units (CFU). B. longum, L. Plantarum, and S. boulardii exhibited significantly higher CFU (p < 0.05) at a pH range of 5 to 7, 4 to 7, and 2 to 7, respectively, when compared with other pH levels. L. plantarum had much higher colony-forming units per mL within each pH level, except at pH 2 where S. boulardii was the only microbe to survive over time. While L. plantarum and S. boulardii were able to tolerate the various bile concentrations, B. longum and L. plantarum showed remarkable ability to attach to the intestinal mucosa and to inhibit pathogenic microbes.
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Identification of a Novel Biosurfactant with Antimicrobial Activity Produced by Rhodococcus opacus R7. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020475. [PMID: 35208929 PMCID: PMC8877126 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhodococcus members excrete secondary metabolites, especially compounds which act as biosurfactants. In this work, we demonstrated the ability of Rhodococcus opacus R7 to produce a novel bioactive compound belonging to the class of biosurfactants with antimicrobial properties during the growth on naphthalene. Chemical and biochemical analyses of the isolated compound demonstrated that the biosurfactant could be classified as a hydrophobic peptide. The ESI-full mass spectrometry revealed that the isolated biosurfactant showed a molecular weight of 1292 Da and NMR spectra evidenced the composition of the following amino acid residues: Ala, Thr, Asp, Gly, Ser. Surfactant activity of the R. opacus R7 compound was quantified by the critical micelle dilution (CMD) method and the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was estimated around 20 mg L−1 with a corresponding surface tension of 48 mN m−1. Moreover, biological assays demonstrated that R. opacus R7 biosurfactant peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 29522 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 with the minimum inhibition growth concentration (MIC) values of 2.6 mg mL−1 and 1.7 mg mL−1, respectively. In this study for the first time, a hydrophobic peptide with both biosurfactant and antimicrobial activity was isolated from a bacterium belonging to Rhodococcus genus.
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15
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AL-MEGRIN WA, YEHIA HM, KORANY SM, ALKHATEEB MA, ALAHDAL H, SONBOL H, ALKHURIJI AF, ELKHADRAGY MF. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of probiotic as immunomodulatory and anti-Campylobacter agent. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.20322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hadil ALAHDAL
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana SONBOL
- Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Zheng J, Du M, Jiang W, Zhang J, Shen W, Ma X, Liang Z, Shen J, Wu X, Ding X. In Vitro Probiotic Characteristics and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cattle-Yak Milk. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:44. [PMID: 35053042 PMCID: PMC8772927 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cattle-yak milk is an important raw material and an indispensable source of high-quality food for local farmers and herdsmen to produce ghee, milk residue, yogurt, and other dairy products. In this study, Lactobacillus strains were isolated from cattle-yak milk for potential probiotic candidates using a series of in vitro tests, including probiotic characterization and safety evaluation (antibiotic susceptibility and hemolytic ability). The results found that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 strain showed a high survival rate in bile salts, under acid conditions, and in the gastrointestinal juice environment, as well as showing high antimicrobial activity and adhesive potential. The safety evaluation showed that all strains were considered non-hemolytic. In addition, the whole-genome sequencing indicated that the strain CY12 spanned 2,506,167 bp, with an average length of 881 bp; the GC content in the gene region (%) was 47.35, contained 1347 protein-coding sequences, and accounted for 85.72% of the genome. The genome annotation showed that genes mainly focused on the immune system process, metabolic process, carbohydrate utilization, carbon metabolism, galactose metabolism, and biological adhesion, etc. This study revealed that the Lactobacillus rhamnosus CY12 strain might be an excellent potential probiotic in the development of feed additives for animals and has the ability to promote health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanshan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Mei Du
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.J.); (W.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Jianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.J.); (W.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.J.); (W.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Zeyi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.J.); (W.S.); (X.M.)
| | - Xuezhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (J.Z.); (M.D.); (J.Z.); (Z.L.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; (W.J.); (W.S.); (X.M.)
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17
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Elgamoudi BA, Korolik V. Campylobacter Biofilms: Potential of Natural Compounds to Disrupt Campylobacter jejuni Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12159. [PMID: 34830039 PMCID: PMC8617744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam A. Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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18
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Khomayezi R, Adewole D. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: an overview of their delivery routes and effects on growth and health of broiler chickens. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2022.1988804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rojman Khomayezi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Bible Hill, Canada
| | - Deborah Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture, Bible Hill, Canada
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Danofloxacin Treatment Alters the Diversity and Resistome Profile of Gut Microbiota in Calves. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9102023. [PMID: 34683343 PMCID: PMC8538188 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones, such as danofloxacin, are used to control bovine respiratory disease complex in beef cattle; however, little is known about their effects on gut microbiota and resistome. The objectives were to evaluate the effect of subcutaneously administered danofloxacin on gut microbiota and resistome, and the composition of Campylobacter in calves. Twenty calves were injected with a single dose of danofloxacin, and ten calves were kept as a control. The effects of danofloxacin on microbiota and the resistome were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing, quantitative real-time PCR, and metagenomic Hi-C ProxiMeta. Alpha and beta diversities were significantly different (p < 0.05) between pre-and post-treatment samples, and the compositions of several bacterial taxa shifted. The patterns of association between the compositions of Campylobacter and other genera were affected by danofloxacin. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) conferring resistance to five antibiotics were identified with their respective reservoirs. Following the treatment, some ARGs (e.g., ant9, tet40, tetW) increased in frequencies and host ranges, suggesting initiation of horizontal gene transfer, and new ARGs (aac6, ermF, tetL, tetX) were detected in the post-treatment samples. In conclusion, danofloxacin induced alterations of gut microbiota and selection and enrichment of resistance genes even against antibiotics that are unrelated to danofloxacin.
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20
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Ruhnau D, Hess C, Doupovec B, Grenier B, Schatzmayr D, Hess M, Awad W. Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), a derivate of deoxynivalenol (DON), exhibits less toxicity on intestinal barrier function, Campylobacter jejuni colonization and translocation in broiler chickens. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:44. [PMID: 34217373 PMCID: PMC8254355 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intestinal epithelial cells are challenged by mycotoxins and many bacterial pathogens. It was previously shown that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as Campylobacter (C.) jejuni have a negative impact on gut integrity. Recently, it was demonstrated that DON increased the load of C. jejuni in the gut and inner organs. Based on this finding, it was hypothesized the DON metabolite (deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, DOM-1) should be able to reduce the negative effects of DON on colonization and translocation of C. jejuni in broilers, since it lacks the epoxide ring, which is responsible for the toxicity of DON. Methods A total of 180 broiler chickens were housed in floor pens on wood shavings with feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were divided into six groups (n = 30 with 5 replicates/group): 1. Control, 2. DOM-1, 3. DON, 4. DOM-1 + C. jejuni, 5. DON + C. jejuni, 6. C. jejuni. At day 14, birds of groups 4, 5 and 6 were orally inoculated via feeding tube (gavage) with 1-ml of a PBS suspension containing 1 × 108 CFU of C. jejuni NCTC 12744. The performance parameters: body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake of the birds were determined. At 7, 14, and 21 days post infection, samples from liver, spleen, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were aseptically collected and processed for bacteriological investigations. Finally, at each killing time point, segments of duodenum, jejunum and cecum were harvested and prepared for Ussing chamber studies to measure the paracellular mannitol fluxes. Results A significant decrease in body weight was observed for chickens receiving the DON diet with or without C. jejuni compared to the other groups. Furthermore, it was found that the co-exposure of birds to DON and C. jejuni resulted in a higher C. jejuni load not only in the gut but also in liver and spleen due to increased paracellular permeability of the duodenum, jejunum and cecum. On the contrary, DOM-1 supplementation in the feed improved the birds’ performance and led to a better feed conversion ratio throughout the trial. Furthermore, DOM-1 did not negatively affect gut permeability and decreased the C. jejuni counts in the intestine and internal organs. Conclusion Altogether, the presence of DOM-1 in the feed as a result of the enzymatic biotransformation of DON leads to a lower C. jejuni count in the intestine and better feed conversion ratio. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the detoxification product of DON, DOM-1, does not have negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the Campylobacter burden in chickens and also the risk for human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ruhnau
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wageha Awad
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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21
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Rodrigues NPA, Garcia EF, de Souza EL. Selection of lactic acid bacteria with promising probiotic aptitudes from fruit and ability to survive in different food matrices. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2257-2269. [PMID: 34125419 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are among the most prevalent microorganisms forming the autochthonous microbiota of fruit. This study aimed to select LAB isolates with probiotic aptitudes from apple, banana, grape, and orange through evaluation of in vitro safety, technological, and functional-related properties. The ability of most promising selected isolates to survive in commercial apple and orange juice, meat stew, vegetable puree, and UHT milk during 28 days of refrigeration storage was evaluated. Ninety-three isolates identified preliminarily as LAB were recovered from fruit and 66 of these isolates passed safety tests. Most of these isolates were pre-identified as belonging to Lactobacillus or Enterococcus genus based on MALDI-ToF MS profiling. These 66 isolates were categorized into three homogeneous groups based on a preliminary cluster analysis run with data from experiments to measure technological characteristics. Nine LAB isolates were selected as the most promising for probiotic use based on a principal component analysis run with data from experiments to measure probiotic-related properties. Four of these isolates were sensitive to different antibiotics and identified (16S-rRNA gene sequencing) as Lactobacillus brevis (recently reclassified as L. brevis) or Lactobacillus spp. These 4 selected isolates had high viable counts and high percentages of physiologically active cells in apple and orange juice, beef stew, vegetable puree, and UHT milk during refrigeration storage. The results showed that apple, banana, orange, and grape are potential sources of LAB with aptitudes to be exploited for a possible probiotic use and distinguished abilities to survive in different food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noádia Priscilla Araújo Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.,Departamento de Gastronomia, Centro de Tecnologia E Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Estefânia Fernandes Garcia
- Departamento de Gastronomia, Centro de Tecnologia E Desenvolvimento Regional, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Evandro Leite de Souza
- Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Nutrição, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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22
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Ruiz MJ, Zbrun MV, Signorini ML, Zimmermann JA, Soto LP, Rosmini MR, Frizzo LS. In vitro screening and in vivo colonization pilot model of Lactobacillus plantarum LP5 and Campylobacter coli DSPV 458 in mice. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4161-4171. [PMID: 34061232 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to determine the antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus plantarum strains of pork origin against Campylobacter coli strains, and to conduct experimental colonization pilot models in mice for both microorganisms. Inhibition assays allowed evaluation and selection of L. plantarum LP5 as the strain with the highest antagonistic activity against C. coli and with the best potential to be used in in vivo study. Adult 6-week-old female Balb/cCmedc mice were lodged in two groups. The treated group was administered with 9.4 log10CFU/2 times/wk of L. plantarum LP5. L. plantarum LP5 was recovered from the feces and cecum of the inoculated mice. However, when bacteria stopped being administered, probiotic counts decreased. Experimental colonization with C. coli was carried out in five groups of mice. All animals were treated with antibiotics in their drinking water to weaken the indigenous microbiota and to allow colonization of C. coli. Four groups were administered once with different C. coli strains (DSPV458: 8.49 log10CFU; DSPV567: 8.09 log10CFU; DSPV570: 8.46 log10CFU; DSPV541: 8.86 log10CFU, respectively). After 8 h, mice inoculated with different C. coli strains were colonized because the pathogen was detected in their feces. L. plantarum LP5 tolerated the gastrointestinal conditions of murine model without generating adverse effects on the animals. C. coli DSPV458 colonized the mice without causing infection by lodging in their digestive tract, thus generating a reproducible colonization model. Both models combined could be used as protection murine models against pathogens to test alternative control tools to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Tandil, Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela (CONICET/INTA), Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J A Zimmermann
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M R Rosmini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - L S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis 'Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina', Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University (DSPV-FCV-UNL), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Valeris-Chacin R, Pieters M, Hwang H, Johnson TJ, Singer RS. Association of Broiler Litter Microbiome Composition and Campylobacter Isolation. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654927. [PMID: 34109233 PMCID: PMC8180553 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Campylobacter species is one of the leading causes of bacterial diarrhea in humans in the US. Chickens, which become colonized on the farm, are important reservoirs of this bacterium. Campylobacter can establish itself in the broiler house via a variety of sources, can survive in the litter of the house, and possibly persist over successive flock cycles. However, the role of the broiler litter microbiome on Campylobacter persistence is not clear. A matched case-control study was conducted to determine whether the broiler litter microbiome composition was associated with Campylobacter isolation within the broiler house. Flocks were classified as cases when either Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli was isolated in boot sock samples, or as controls otherwise. Case and control flocks were matched at the broiler house level. Composite broiler litter samples were collected and used for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene V4 region sequencing. Reads were processed using the DADA2 pipeline to obtain a table of amplicon sequence variants. Alpha diversity and differential bacterial relative abundance were used as predictors of Campylobacter isolation status in conditional logistic regression models adjusting for flock age and sampling season. Beta diversity distances were used as regressors in stratified PERMANOVA with Campylobacter isolation status as predictor, and broiler house as stratum. When Campylobacter was isolated in boot socks, broiler litter microbiome richness and evenness were lower and higher, respectively, without reaching statistical significance. Campylobacter isolation status significantly explained a small proportion of the beta diversity (genus-level Aitchison dissimilarity distance). Clostridium and Anaerostipes were positively associated with Campylobacter isolation status, whereas Bifidobacterium, Anaerosporobacter, and Stenotrophomonas were negatively associated. Our results suggest the presence of bacterial interactions between Campylobacter and the broiler litter microbiome. The negative association of Campylobacter with Bifidobacterium, Anaerosporobacter, and Stenotrophomonas in litter could be potentially exploited as a pre-harvest control strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Valeris-Chacin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Maria Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Haejin Hwang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Randall S Singer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
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Venardou B, O'Doherty JV, Vigors S, O'Shea CJ, Burton EJ, Ryan MT, Sweeney T. Effects of dietary supplementation with a laminarin-rich extract on the growth performance and gastrointestinal health in broilers. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101179. [PMID: 34098504 PMCID: PMC8187820 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Restriction in antimicrobial use in broiler chicken production is driving the exploration of alternative feed additives that will support growth through the promotion of gastrointestinal health and development. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary inclusion of laminarin on growth performance, the expression of nutrient transporters, markers of inflammation and intestinal integrity in the small intestine and composition of the caecal microbiota in broiler chickens. Two-hundred-and-forty day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (40.64 (3.43 SD) g) were randomly assigned to: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet + 150 ppm laminarin; (T3) basal diet + 300 ppm laminarin (5 bird/pen; 16 pens/treatment). The basal diet was supplemented with a laminarin-rich Laminaria spp. extract (65% laminarin) to achieve the two laminarin inclusion levels (150 and 300 ppm). Chick weights and feed intake was recorded weekly. After 35 days of supplementation, one bird per pen from the control and best performing (300 ppm) laminarin groups were euthanized. Duodenal, jejunal and ileal tissues were collected for gene expression analysis. Caecal digesta was collected for microbiota analysis (high-throughput sequencing and QPCR). Dietary supplementation with 300 ppm laminarin increased both final body weight (2033 vs. 1906 ± 30.4, P < 0.05) and average daily gain (62.3 vs. 58.2 ± 0.95, P < 0.05) compared to the control group and average daily feed intake (114.1 vs. 106.0 and 104.5 ± 1.77, P < 0.05) compared to all other groups. Laminarin supplementation at 300 ppm increased the relative and absolute abundance of Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05) in the caecum. Laminarin supplementation increased the expression of interleukin 17A (IL17A) in the duodenum, claudin 1 (CLDN1) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the jejunum and IL17A, CLDN1 and SLC15A1/peptide transporter 1 (SLC15A1/PepT1) in the ileum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with laminarin is a promising dietary strategy to enhance growth performance and 300 ppm was the optimal inclusion level with which to promote a beneficial profile of the gastrointestinal microbiota in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Venardou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - J V O'Doherty
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - S Vigors
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C J O'Shea
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
| | - E J Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, NG25 0QF, United Kingdom
| | - M T Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - T Sweeney
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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25
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Castañeda CD, Gamble JN, Wamsley KGS, McDaniel CD, Kiess AS. In ovo administration of Bacillus subtilis serotypes effect hatchability, 21-day performance, and intestinal microflora. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101125. [PMID: 33940280 PMCID: PMC8105668 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has tried to maximize broiler chick health and performance by utilizing commercial in-feed probiotics to inoculate fertile hatching eggs, and thus expose birds earlier to beneficial bacteria. However, the in ovo inoculation of a specific serotype of Bacillus subtilis was detrimental for broiler hatchability. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine if other B. subtilis serotypes negatively affect hatchability or if it is associated with a specific serotype. It was also of interest to determine if the B. subtilis serotype influence chick performance and intestinal microflora. On d18 of incubation, 1886 fertile broiler eggs were in ovo inoculated with the following treatments (T): T1 = Marek's vaccine (MV), T2 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 6051), T3 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 8473), and T4 = MV + B. subtilis (ATCC 9466). It should be noted that in a previous study, T2 was detrimental to hatchability. Inoculated eggs were transferred to 3 hatchers/T. At hatch, chicks were weighed, feather sexed, and hatch residue analysis was conducted. Male chicks were randomly assigned to 40 raised wire cage so that there were 10 birds/cage. On d 0, 7, 14, and 21 of the grow-out, chicks and feed were weighed to calculate performance data. On these days, the ileum and ceca were aseptically collected to enumerate total aerobes and coliforms. No differences were observed for percentage of mid dead embryos, cracked eggs, and cull chicks (P > 0.05). However, hatch of transfer was significantly reduced by T2 compared to T1, T3, and T4 (P < 0.001). T2 had significantly higher percentages of late dead embryos and pips when compared to the other treatments (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). Chicks hatched from T2 were not vigorous and, thus, not used for the grow-out trial. No differences were observed for growth performance characteristics for any of the treatments (P > 0.05). For bacterial enumeration, the ileum had equal or fewer bacterial counts for T3 and T4 when compared to T1 on most sampling days, except on d21 where T4 had higher aerobic and coliform counts (P ≤ 0.0001). For the ceca, T3 and T4 had equal or fewer bacterial counts than T1 on every sampling day (P ≤ 0.0001). These data demonstrate that not all B. subtilis evaluated are detrimental to hatchability, but rather, serotype dependent. In addition, different B. subtilis serotypes can modify the intestinal microflora with potential to reduce pathogenic bacteria present in young broiler, without impacting overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia D Castañeda
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Josie N Gamble
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Kelley G S Wamsley
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Christopher D McDaniel
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762.
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Szczypka M, Suszko-Pawłowska A, Kuczkowski M, Gorczykowski M, Lis M, Kowalczyk A, Łukaszewicz E, Poradowski D, Zbyryt I, Bednarczyk M, Stefaniak T. Effects of Selected Prebiotics or Synbiotics Administered in ovo on Lymphocyte Subsets in Bursa of the Fabricius, Thymus, and Spleen in Non-Immunized and Immunized Chicken Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020476. [PMID: 33670391 PMCID: PMC7917990 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may be used as feed additives instead of banned antibiotic-based growth promoters. These bioactive compounds applied in ovo have beneficial effects on intestinal bifidobacteria, decrease the number of detrimental bacteria in the gut, stimulate the development of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), and modulate the development of lymphoid organs. The aim of our study was to determine whether the specific in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics affected the lymphocyte subsets of the bursa of the Fabricius, thymus, and spleen in non-immunized chicken broilers and in birds immunized with T-dependent (sheep red blood cells—SRBC) and T-independent (dextran—DEX) antigens. This study demonstrated that in ovo administration of prebiotics and synbiotics is a promising approach for enhancing chicken immune system functions. We conclude that a combination of inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1 was the most effective of the tested compounds in the stimulation of the chicken immune system. Abstract The effects of in ovo-delivered prebiotics and synbiotics on the lymphocyte subsets of the lymphoid organs in non-immunized 7-day-old broiler chickens and in non-immunized, sheep red blood cells (SRBC)-immunized, and dextran (DEX)-immunized 21- and 35-day-old birds were studied. The substances were injected on the 12th day of egg incubation: Prebiotic1 group (Pre1) with a solution of inulin, Prebiotic2 group (Pre2) with a solution of Bi2tos (non-digestive transgalacto-oligosaccharides), Synbiotic1 group (Syn1) with inulin and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IBB SL1, and Synbiotic2 group (Syn2) with Bi2tos and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris IBB SC1. In 7-day-old chicks, a decrease in T splenocytes was noticed in all groups. The most pronounced effect in 21- and 35-day-old birds was an increase in TCRγδ+ cells in Syn1 and Syn2 groups. A decrease in bursal B cells was observed in DEX-immunized Pre1 group (21-day-old birds), and in the Syn1 group in non-immunized and SRBC-immunized 35-day-old birds. An increase in double-positive lymphocytes was observed in Pre1 (35-day-old birds) and Pre2 (immunized 21-day-old birds) groups. In Pre1 and Syn1 groups (21- and 35-day-old), an increase in B splenocytes and a decrease in T splenocytes were observed. We concluded that Syn1 was the most effective in the stimulation of the chicken immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Szczypka
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-320-5215
| | - Agnieszka Suszko-Pawłowska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Michał Gorczykowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (A.S.-P.); (M.L.)
| | - Artur Kowalczyk
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (E.Ł.)
| | - Ewa Łukaszewicz
- Institute of Animal Breeding, Division of Poultry Breeding, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland; (A.K.); (E.Ł.)
| | - Dominik Poradowski
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Division of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Iwona Zbyryt
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Bird and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland; (M.K.); (I.Z.)
| | - Marek Bednarczyk
- Department of Animal Biotechnology and Genetics, UTP University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-084 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Tadeusz Stefaniak
- Department of Immunology, Pathophysiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
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Arsène MMJ, Davares AKL, Andreevna SL, Vladimirovich EA, Carime BZ, Marouf R, Khelifi I. The use of probiotics in animal feeding for safe production and as potential alternatives to antibiotics. Vet World 2021; 14:319-328. [PMID: 33776297 PMCID: PMC7994123 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.319-328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the production of safe food for human consumption is the primary purpose for animal rearing, the environment and well-being of the animals must also be taken into consideration. Based on microbiological point of view, the production of healthy food from animals involves considering foodborne pathogens, on the one hand and on the other hand, the methods used to fight against germs during breeding. The conventional method to control or prevent bacterial infections in farming is the use antibiotics. However, the banning of these compounds as growth promoters caused many changes in animal breeding and their use has since been limited to the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections. In this function, their importance no longer needs to be demonstrated, but unfortunately, their excessive and abusive use have led to a double problem which can have harmful consequences on consumer health: Resistance to antibiotics and the presence of antibiotic residues in food. The use of probiotics appears to be a suitable alternative to overcome these problems because of their ability to modulate the immune system and intestinal microflora, and further considering their antagonistic role against certain pathogenic bacteria and their ability to play the role of growth factor (sometimes associated with prebiotics) when used as feed additives. This review aims to highlight some of the negative effects of the use of antibiotics in animal rearing as well as emphasize the current knowledge on the use of probiotics as a feed additive, their influence on animal production and their potential utility as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in poultry, pig, and fish farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mbarga M. J. Arsène
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Anyutoulou K. L. Davares
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Smolyakova L. Andreevna
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Bassa Z. Carime
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, National School of Agro-industrial Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Razan Marouf
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ibrahim Khelifi
- Department of microbiology and virology, Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shehata AM, Arif M, Paswan VK, Batiha GES, Khafaga AF, Elbestawy AR. Approaches to prevent and control Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler chickens: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4989-5004. [PMID: 33242194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter, Gram-negative bacteria, is the most common cause of acute bacterial enteritis in human beings, both in developing and developed countries. It is believed that poultry, in particular broiler chickens, is the main host of human infection with Campylobacter. Handling and consumption of contaminated chicken meat are the usual modes of transmission. Prevention and reduction of Campylobacter colonization in poultry farms will cut off the road of infection transmission to humans throughout the food chain. With the incidence of antibiotic resistance and with growing concern about superbugs, the search for natural and safe alternatives will considerably increase in the coming years. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens and sources of infection. This review also provides extensive and recent approaches to prevent and control Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens, including biosecurity measures, natural feed/drinking water additives with antimicrobial properties, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and vaccination strategies to prevent and control the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Abdelrazeq M Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Vinod K Paswan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al-Beheira, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, El-Behera University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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29
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Hakeem MJ, Lu X. Survival and Control of Campylobacter in Poultry Production Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:615049. [PMID: 33585282 PMCID: PMC7879573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.615049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species are Gram-negative, motile, and non-spore-forming bacteria with a unique helical shape that changes to filamentous or coccoid as an adaptive response to environmental stresses. The relatively small genome (1.6 Mbp) of Campylobacter with unique cellular and molecular physiology is only understood to a limited extent. The overall strict requirement of this fastidious microorganism to be either isolated or cultivated in the laboratory settings make itself to appear as a weak survivor and/or an easy target to be inactivated in the surrounding environment of poultry farms, such as soil, water source, dust, surfaces and air. The survival of this obligate microaerobic bacterium from poultry farms to slaughterhouses and the final poultry products indicates that Campylobacter has several adaptive responses and/or environmental niches throughout the poultry production chain. Many of these adaptive responses remain puzzles. No single control method is yet known to fully address Campylobacter contamination in the poultry industry and new intervention strategies are required. The aim of this review article is to discuss the transmission, survival, and adaptation of Campylobacter species in the poultry production environments. Some approved and novel control methods against Campylobacter species throughout the poultry production chain will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed J Hakeem
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
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30
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Deng W, Dittoe DK, Pavilidis HO, Chaney WE, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Current Perspectives and Potential of Probiotics to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter in Poultry. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:583429. [PMID: 33414767 PMCID: PMC7782433 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.583429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poultry has been one of the major contributors of Campylobacter related human foodborne illness. Numerous interventions have been applied to limit Campylobacter colonization in poultry at the farm level, but other strategies are under investigation to achieve more efficient control. Probiotics are viable microbial cultures that can establish in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the host animal and elicit health and nutrition benefits. In addition, the early establishment of probiotics in the GIT can serve as a barrier to foodborne pathogen colonization. Thus, probiotics are a potential feed additive for reducing and eliminating the colonization of Campylobacter in the GIT of poultry. Screening probiotic candidates is laborious and time-consuming, requiring several tests and validations both in vitro and in vivo. The selected probiotic candidate should possess the desired physiological characteristics and anti-Campylobacter effects. Probiotics that limit Campylobacter colonization in the GIT rely on different mechanistic strategies such as competitive exclusion, antagonism, and immunomodulation. Although numerous research efforts have been made, the application of Campylobacter limiting probiotics used in poultry remains somewhat elusive. This review summarizes current research progress on identifying and developing probiotics against Campylobacter and presenting possible directions for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Deng
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Dana K. Dittoe
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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31
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32
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Lu T, Marmion M, Ferone M, Wall P, Scannell AGM. On farm interventions to minimise Campylobacter spp. contamination in chicken. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:53-67. [PMID: 32835499 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1813253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. This review explores current and proposed on-farm interventions and assess the potential of these interventions against Campylobacter spp. 2. Interventions such as vaccination, feed/water-additives and, most importantly, consistent biosecurity, exhibit potential for the effective control of this pathogen and its dissemination within the food chain. 3. Due to the extensive diversity in the Campylobacter spp. genome and surface-expressed proteins, vaccination of poultry is not yet regarded as a completely effective strategy. 4. The acidification of drinking water through the addition of organic acids has been reported to decrease the risk of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in broiler flocks. Whilst this treatment alone will not completely protect birds, use of water acidification in combination with in-feed measures to further reduce the level of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in poultry may be an option meriting further exploration. 5. The use of varied types of feed supplements to reduce the intestinal population and shedding rate of Campylobacter spp. in poultry is an area of growing interest in the poultry industry. Such supplements include pro - and pre-biotics, organic acids, bacteriocins and bacteriophage, which may be added to feed and water. 6. From the literature, it is clear that a distinct, albeit not unexpected, difference between the performance of in-feed interventions exists when examined in vitro compared to those determined in in vivo studies. It is much more likely that pooling some of the discussed approaches in the in-feed tool kit will provide an answer. 7. Whilst on-farm biosecurity is essential to maintain a healthy flock and reduce disease transmission, even the most stringent biosecurity measures may not have sufficient, consistent and predictable effects in controlling Campylobacter spp. Furthermore, the combination of varied dietary approaches and improved biosecurity measures may synergistically improve control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ferone
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Wall
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health O'Brien Science Centre South, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health O'Brien Science Centre South, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
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Adhikari B, Jun SR, Kwon YM, Kiess AS, Adhikari P. Effects of Housing Types on Cecal Microbiota of Two Different Strains of Laying Hens During the Late Production Phase. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:331. [PMID: 32656252 PMCID: PMC7324799 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to animal welfare issues, European Union has banned the use of conventional cages (CC) and non-EU countries including the US are also under constant public pressure to restrict their use in egg production. Very limited information is available on the composition of the microbial community of hens raised in different housing environments. This study was conducted to determine the effects of CC and enriched colony cages (EC) on cecal microbiota of two commercial laying hen strains, Hy-Line W36 (W36) and Hy-Line Brown (HB) during the late production stage (53, 58, 67, and 72 weeks of age). Cecal microbiota was studied by analyzing 16S rRNA gene sequences with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) 2 ver. 2018.8. Differentially abundant taxa were identified by Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis (P < 0.05, LDA score > 2.0). At phylum level, Actinobacteria was significantly enriched in W36 at all time points while Synergistetes (53 weeks), Spirochaetes (58 weeks), and Synergistetes and Spirochaetes (67 weeks) were significantly higher in HB. At genus level, Bifidobacterium (at all time points) and butyric acid producing genera such as Butyricicoccus and Subdoligranulum (58 and 72 weeks) were significantly higher in W36 as compared to HB. Moreover, Proteobacteria (72 weeks) and its associated genus Campylobacter (67 and 72 weeks) were significantly enriched in EC as compared to CC. Alpha diversity was significantly higher in HB (at all time points) and in EC (67 weeks) as compared to W36 and CC, respectively. Similarly, there was a significant difference in community structure (beta diversity) between W36 and HB (all time points) as well as between EC and CC (67 weeks). The effect of housing and strains was not only seen at the bacterial composition and structure but also reflected at their functional level. Notably, KEGG metabolic pathways predicted to be involved in carbohydrates degradation and amino acids biosynthesis by PICRUSt analysis were significantly different between W36 and HB housed at CC and EC. In sum, cecal microbiota composition, diversities, and their functional pathways were affected by housing type which further varied between two commercial laying hen strains, HB and W36. This suggests that both housing and genetic strains of laying hens should be considered for selection of the alternative housing systems such as enriched colony cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Se-Ran Jun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Young M Kwon
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States.,Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Aaron S Kiess
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Pratima Adhikari
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
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Nastasijevic I, Proscia F, Boskovic M, Glisic M, Blagojevic B, Sorgentone S, Kirbis A, Ferri M. The European Union control strategy for
Campylobacter
spp. in the broiler meat chain. J Food Saf 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marija Boskovic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Milica Glisic
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Bojan Blagojevic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department for Veterinary Medicine University of Novi Sad Novi Sad Serbia
| | | | - Andrej Kirbis
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Maurizio Ferri
- Italian Society of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Rome Italy
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Mortada M, Cosby D, Shanmugasundaram R, Selvaraj R. In vivo and in vitro assessment of commercial probiotic and organic acid feed additives in broilers challenged with Campylobacter coli. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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Probiotics in Animal Husbandry: Applicability and Associated Risk Factors. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been emerging as a safe and viable alternative to antibiotics for increasing performance in livestock. Literature was collated via retrieved information from online databases, viz, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Besides improved immunomodulation and nutrient digestibility, in-feed probiotics have shown drastic reductions in gastrointestinal tract-invading pathogens. However, every novel probiotic strain cannot be assumed to share historical safety with conventional strains. Any strain not belonging to the wild-type distributions of relevant antimicrobials, or found to be harbouring virulence determinants, should not be developed further. Modes of identification and the transmigration potential of the strains across the gastrointestinal barrier must be scrutinized. Other potential risk factors include the possibility of promoting deleterious metabolic effects, excessive immune stimulation and genetic stability of the strains over time. Adverse effects of probiotics could be strain specific, depending on the prevailing immunological and physiological condition of the host. The most crucial concern is the stability of the strain. Probiotics stand a good chance of replacing antibiotics in animal husbandry. The possibility of the probiotics used in animal feed cross-contaminating the human food chain cannot be downplayed. Thus, the established safety measures in probiotic development must be adhered to for a successful global campaign on food safety and security.
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Feye KM, Rubinelli PM, Chaney WE, Pavlidis HO, Kogut MH, Ricke SC. The Preliminary Development of an in vitro Poultry Cecal Culture Model to Evaluate the Effects of Original XPC TM for the Reduction of Campylobacter jejuni and Its Potential Effects on the Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3062. [PMID: 32038534 PMCID: PMC6990144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Poultry is a major reservoir for the pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. C. jejuni inhabits the poultry gastrointestinal tract as a part of the gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to evaluate both the survival of C. jejuni and the changes in the population dynamics of the cecal microbiome during an in vitro C. jejuni inoculation in the presence or absence of the functional metabolites of Diamond V Original XPCTM (XPC). Two independent trials were conducted. Broiler chickens (n = 6 per Trial 1 and n = 3 per Trial 2) were raised according to standard industry guidelines and euthanized on Day 41. The ceca were collected aseptically, their contents removed independently and then used in an in vitro microaerobic model with 0.1% cecal contents + Campylobacter with or without 1% XPC (w/v). Before the inoculation with a chloramphenicol resistant marker strain of C. jejuni, the cecal contents were pre-incubated with XPC at 42°C for 24 h, in a shaking incubator (200 rpm) under microaerobic conditions, then experimentally inoculated with 108/ml of C. jejuni into the appropriate treatment groups. At 0 and 24 h for Trial 1, and 48 h for Trial 2, sub-samples of the culture (n = 3 ceca, two technical replicates per ceca, XPC alone or ceca culture alone) were enumerated using a Petroff–Hausser counter, and the DNA was extracted for microbiome analysis. DNA was isolated using the Qiagen QIAamp Fast Stool DNA Mini Kit and sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The reads were filtered, normalized, and assigned taxonomical identities using the QIIME2 pipeline. The relative microbiota populations were identified via ANCOM. Altogether, evidence suggests that XPC alters the microbiome, and in turn reduces Campylobacter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Feye
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Peter M Rubinelli
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | | | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Morales P, Aguirre J, Troncoso M, Figueroa G. Comparison of in vitro and in situ antagonism assays as tools for the selection of bio-preservative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in poultry meat. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Ren H, Saliu EM, Zentek J, Goodarzi Boroojeni F, Vahjen W. Screening of Host Specific Lactic Acid Bacteria Active Against Escherichia coli From Massive Sample Pools With a Combination of in vitro and ex vivo Methods. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2705. [PMID: 31824469 PMCID: PMC6882376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel three-step combination of in vitro and ex vivo screening was established to massively screen host derived lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from the broiler chicken intestine with inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. In a first step, a massive sample pool consisting of 7102 broiler-derived colonies from intestinal contents were established and sub-cultured. Supernatants thereof were incubated with an E. coli model strain to screen suitable isolates with inhibitory activity. A total of 76 isolates of interest were subsequently further studied based on either pH dependent or -independent activity in the second step of the assay. Here, in-depth growth inhibition of the E. coli model strain and the potential of isolates for lactic acid production as inhibitory substance were indexed for all isolates. Resulting scatter plots of both parameters revealed five isolates with exceptional inhibitory activity that were further studied under ex vivo condition in the third step of the assay. These isolates were taxonomically classified as strains of the species Lactobacillus agilis, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Pediococcus acidilactici. Samples from the broiler chicken intestine were inoculated with the Lactobacillus isolates and the E. coli model strain. After 8 and 24 h incubation, respectively, growth of the E. coli model strain was monitored by cultivation of the E. coli strain in antibiotic supplemented medium. By their superior inhibitory activity against the E. coli model strain, one L. agilis and one L. salivarius strain were selected and characterized for further application as probiotics in broiler chicken. Additionally, their antibiotic resistance patterns and resilience under gastric stress of isolates were also characterized. The results of this study demonstrate that the novel isolation procedure was able to efficiently and rapidly isolate and identify bacterial strains from a massive sample pool with inhibitory potential against specific types of bacteria (here E. coli). The introduction of the final ex vivo selection step additionally confirmed the inhibitory activity of the strains under conditions simulating the intestinal tract of the host. Furthermore, this method revealed a general potential for the isolation of antagonistic strains that active against other pathogenic bacteria with specific biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Saliu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Wilfried Vahjen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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41
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Joghataei M, Shahidi F, Pouladfar G, Mortazavi SA, Ghaderi A. Probiotic potential comparison of Lactobacillus strains isolated from Iranian traditional food products and human feces with standard probiotic strains. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6680-6688. [PMID: 31328278 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional fermented products are a rich source of microorganisms which may have remarkable probiotic properties even more significant than probiotic strains of human origin. In this study three Lactobacillus plantarum and one Lactobacillus fermentum strains, isolated from either Iranian traditionally fermented products or children's feces, identified with molecular methods and selected based on high acid resistance, were investigated for their probiotic properties in vitro and compared with standard probiotic strains of the species; L. plantarum ATCC 14917, L. fermentum PTCC 1744 and L. acidophilus ATCC 4356. RESULTS Most of the isolates showed a high survival rate under gastrointestinal tract conditions and L. plantarum strains displayed a moderate ability to adhere to human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29. Neutralized cell free culture supernatants of L. plantarum strains were capable of inhibiting pathogens. Almost all of the strains were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin and susceptible to other clinically relevant antibiotics. Isolated strains exhibited low to moderate autoaggregation (Auto-A), co-aggregation (Co-A) and hydrophobicity, following a strain specific manner. None of the strains invaded into HT-29 cells while strain PF11 could significantly decrease the number of adhering pathogenic bacteria. Most of the strains increased apoptosis of HT-29 cells, though they had no effect on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). CONCLUSION Favorable probiotic properties of strains PL4 and PF11 along with their anticancer activity imply their potential for clinical or technological applications. However, further in vitro/in vivo investigations are recommended. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Joghataei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fakhri Shahidi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Pouladfar
- Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Ghaderi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Reuben RC, Roy PC, Sarkar SL, Rubayet Ul Alam ASM, Jahid IK. Characterization and evaluation of lactic acid bacteria from indigenous raw milk for potential probiotic properties. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:1223-1237. [PMID: 31759592 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Raw milk contains wide microbial diversity, composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are used as probiotics in both human and animal husbandry. We isolated, characterized, and evaluated LAB from indigenous Bangladeshi raw milk to assess probiotic potential, including antagonistic activity (against Escherichia coli O157: H7, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Listeria monocytogenes), survivability in simulated gastric juice, tolerance to phenol and bile salts, adhesion to ileum epithelial cells, auto- and co-aggregation, hydrophobicity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and antibiotic susceptibility tests. The 4 most promising LAB strains showed probiotic potential and were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum (which produced plantaricin EF), Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. These strains inhibited all pathogens tested at various degrees, and competitively excluded pathogens with viable counts of 3.0 to 6.0 log cfu/mL. Bacteriocin, organic acids, and low-molecular-weight substances were mainly responsible for antimicrobial activity by the LAB strains. All 4 LAB strains were resistant to oxacillin and 3 were resistant to vancomycin and streptomycin, with multiple antibiotic resistance indices >0.2. After further in vivo evaluation, these LAB strains could be considered probiotic candidates with application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Reuben
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh; Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Nasarawa State Polytechnic, PMB 109 Lafia, Nigeria
| | - P C Roy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - S L Sarkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - A S M Rubayet Ul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh
| | - I K Jahid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore-7408, Bangladesh.
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Gaboardi GC, Alves D, Gil de Los Santos D, Xavier E, Nunes AP, Finger P, Griep E, Roll V, Oliveira P, Silva A, Moreira Â, Conceição F. Influence of Pichia pastoris X-33 produced in industrial residues on productive performance, egg quality, immunity, and intestinal morphometry in quails. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15372. [PMID: 31653947 PMCID: PMC6814787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted in quails to evaluate the probiotic potential of Pichia pastoris X-33, cultivated in parboiled rice effluent supplemented with biodiesel glycerol or in standard medium Yeast Extract–Peptone–Dextrose (YPD). Forty-days-old female quails were divided into three treatments: T1 (Control) received a basal diet without P. pastoris; T2 (Pichia Effluent) received a basal diet supplemented with P. pastoris grown in parboiled rice effluent and biodiesel glycerol, and T3 (Pichia YPD) received a basal diet supplemented with P. pastoris produced in YPD. The birds were vaccinated against Newcastle Disease (NDV), Avian Infectious Bronchitis (IBV), and Gumboro Disease on days 1 and 28. The following parameters were analyzed: performance, egg quality, humoral immune response to the vaccines, organ weight, and intestinal morphometry. P. pastoris grown in YPD increased egg weight (p < 0.05). The lowest liver weight on day 14 was obtained in Pichia Effluent, whereas both P. pastoris supplemented groups had the lowest duodenum weights on day 14. Besides that, livers and duodenums presented no morphological changes in any of the three treatments. Supplementation of P. pastoris modulated the immune system of the birds, increasing anti-IBV, anti-NDV, and anti-Gumboro antibodies levels compared to the Control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, quail’s immune response was improved by Pichia pastoris X-33, either it was grown in YPD or industrial residues, and the egg weight increased with Pichia pastoris X-33 grown in YPD, thereby demonstrating to be a promising probiotic for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giana Carla Gaboardi
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil.
| | - Débora Alves
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Xavier
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Nunes
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Paula Finger
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Emili Griep
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Victor Roll
- Faculdade de Agronomia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Oliveira
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Arthur Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Ângela Moreira
- Faculdade de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Conceição
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Rawson T, Dawkins MS, Bonsall MB. A Mathematical Model of Campylobacter Dynamics Within a Broiler Flock. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1940. [PMID: 31497006 PMCID: PMC6712969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the bacterial genus Campylobacter is one of the leading causes of human gastroenteritis, with its primary route of infection being through poultry meat. The application of biosecurity measures is currently limited by a lack of understanding of the transmission dynamics within a flock. Our work is the first to undertake a mathematical modeling approach to Campylobacter population dynamics within a flock of broilers (chickens bred specifically for meat). A system of stochastic differential equations is used to model the routes of infection between co-housed birds. The presented model displays the strong correlation between housing density and Campylobacter prevalence, and shows how stochastic variation is the driving factor determining which strains of Campylobacter will emerge first within a flock. The model also shows how the system will rapidly select for phenotypic advantages, to quickly eliminate demographically-weaker strains. A global sensitivity analysis is performed, highlighting that the growth and death rate of other native bacterial species likely contributes the greatest to preventing flock outbreaks, presenting a promising approach to hypothesizing new methods of combatting disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rawson
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marian Stamp Dawkins
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, John Krebs Field Station, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B. Bonsall
- Mathematical Ecology Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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The Effect of Combined Feed Additives on Growing Pigs’ Performance and Digestive Tract Parameters. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the affectivity of 4 different eubiotic preparations on the growth performance of pigs, microbial status, the integrity of intestinal mucosa, and some blood parameters. The experiment was conducted for 28 days on 48 male piglets allocated to six dietary treatments. Group 1 was offered a diet without eubiotic; 2 – a diet with acids mixture; 3 – phytobiotic, medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) and yeast; 4 – probiotic, MCFA, and yeast; 5 – phytobiotic, probiotic, acids mixture, and sodium butyrate; 6 – phytobiotic, probiotic, MCFA, and sodium butyrate. The average daily weight gains and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples, digesta samples, and ileal tissue samples were collected for studies. There was no significant difference in gain, feed intake, or FCR among the treatments as well as in the ileal and caecal pH value, microbial content, and total SCFA content in caecal digesta. Ammonia content in ileal digesta was significantly higher in comparison with other groups and in caecal digesta was significantly higher in group 6 in comparison with groups 1 and 2. Villi height was significantly higher (P<0.05) in groups 2, 3 and 6 compared to the control. Villi height to crypt depth ratio was significantly higher (P<0.05) in groups 5 and 2, but the most promising effects seem to be from combinations 3 and 4. In comparison with control: in groups 2, 3 and 5 higher ALT, glucose and triglyceride; in groups 3, 4 and 5 higher total protein and cholesterol; in group 4 higher albumin and in group 6 higher BUN, were found. Generally, used eubiotic preparations affected gut morphology and some blood parameters but did not affect microbiota, pig growth or feed utilization.
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De Giani A, Bovio F, Forcella M, Fusi P, Sello G, Di Gennaro P. Identification of a bacteriocin-like compound from Lactobacillus plantarum with antimicrobial activity and effects on normal and cancerogenic human intestinal cells. AMB Express 2019; 9:88. [PMID: 31209580 PMCID: PMC6579796 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate that the antimicrobial activity of L. plantarum PBS067 strain against antagonist microorganisms was mediated by the production of a bacteriocin-like compound secreted at the stationary phase of the growth. The novel bacteriocin-like compound, designed plantaricin P1053, was identified by using sorption–desorption method, butanol extraction and SEC-HPLC. The molecular mass of plantaricin P1053 was shown to be 1053 Da by ESI-MS analysis. Plantaricin P1053 exhibited a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria as S. aureus and Gram-negative bacteria as E. coli. In addition to the antimicrobial activity, the isolated bacteriocin-like compound showed effects on normal and cancerogenic epithelial intestinal cell lines through an enhancing of viability of healthy cells and a proliferation reduction of cancer cells. Moreover, in this paper we demonstrate that the isolated bacteriocin-like compound acts on healthy cells through the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways. In conclusion, plantaricin P1053 isolated from L. plantarum PBS067 strain could represent one of the first multifunctional bacteriocin-like compound acting on human epithelial intestinal cells.
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Micciche A, Rothrock MJ, Yang Y, Ricke SC. Essential Oils as an Intervention Strategy to Reduce Campylobacter in Poultry Production: A Review. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1058. [PMID: 31139172 PMCID: PMC6527745 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and can be acquired through consumption of poultry products. With 1.3 million United States cases a year, the high prevalence of Campylobacter within the poultry gastrointestinal tract is a public health concern and thus a target for the development of intervention strategies. Increasing demand for antibiotic-free products has led to the promotion of various alternative pathogen control measures both at the farm and processing level. One such measure includes utilizing essential oils in both pre- and post-harvest settings. Essential oils are derived from plant-based extracts, and there are currently over 300 commercially available compounds. They have been proposed to control Campylobacter in the gastrointestinal tract of broilers. When used in concentrations low enough to not influence sensory characteristics, essential oils have also been proposed to decrease bacterial contamination of the poultry product during processing. This review explores the use of essential oils, particularly thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, and their role in reducing Campylobacter concentrations both pre- and post-harvest. This review also details the suggested mechanisms of action of essential oils on Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Micciche
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Michael J. Rothrock
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Center of Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Kawasaki K, Hashimoto Y, Hori A, Kawasaki T, Hirayasu H, Iwase SI, Hashizume A, Ido A, Miura C, Miura T, Nakamura S, Seyama T, Matsumoto Y, Kasai K, Fujitani Y. Evaluation of Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Pre-Pupae Raised on Household Organic Waste, as Potential Ingredients for Poultry Feed. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E98. [PMID: 30893879 PMCID: PMC6466380 DOI: 10.3390/ani9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae and pre-pupae could be satisfactorily raised on household organic waste and used as poultry feed, offering a potential sustainable way to recycle untapped resources of waste. The present study was conducted to determine if whole (non-defatted) BSF larvae and pre-pupae raised on experimental household waste could substitute soybean meal and oil as ingredients for laying hen diets. While no significant differences in feed intake and the egg-laying rate of hens were observed throughout the experiment, egg weight and eggshell thickness were greater in the pre-pupae-fed group than in the other groups. Moreover, although diversity of the cecal microbiota was significantly higher in the pre-pupae-fed than in the control group, no significant differences in bacterial genera known to cause food poisoning were observed when comparing the treatment groups. Nonetheless, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations were significantly lower in the treatment than in the control group. Fat content in BSF was possibly related with the changes in the cecal microbiota. Hence, since BSF fat was deficient in essential fatty acids, special attention should be paid to the fat content and its fatty acid composition in the case of regular inclusion of BSF larvae and pre-pupae oil as an ingredient in poultry diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Yuka Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Hori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Toshiya Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Hirayasu
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Shakudo 442, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
| | - Shun-Ichiro Iwase
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Shakudo 442, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Hashizume
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Ido
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Chiemi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
- Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Miyake 2-1-1, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nakamura
- Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Ohwashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Seyama
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Shakudo 442, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Koji Kasai
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Shakudo 442, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Fujitani
- Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Shakudo 442, Habikino, Osaka 583-0862, Japan.
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