1
|
Katati B, Kovacs S, Njapau H, Kachapulula PW, Zwaan BJ, van Diepeningen AD, Schoustra SE. Aflatoxigenic Aspergillus Modulates Aflatoxin-B1 Levels through an Antioxidative Mechanism. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:690. [PMID: 37367626 DOI: 10.3390/jof9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxins (AFs) are considered to play important functions in species of Aspergillus section Flavi including an antioxidative role, as a deterrent against fungivorous insects, and in antibiosis. Atoxigenic Flavi are known to degrade AF-B1 (B1). To better understand the purpose of AF degradation, we investigated the degradation of B1 and AF-G1 (G1) in an antioxidative role in Flavi. Atoxigenic and toxigenic Flavi were treated with artificial B1 and G1 with or without the antioxidant selenium (Se), which is expected to affect levels of AF. After incubations, AF levels were measured by HPLC. To estimate which population would likely be favoured between toxigenic and atoxigenic Flavi under Se, we investigated the fitness, by spore count, of the Flavi as a result of exposure to 0, 0.40, and 0.86 µg/g Se in 3%-sucrose cornmeal agar (3gCMA). Results showed that levels B1 in medium without Se were reduced in all isolates, while G1 did not significantly change. When the medium was treated with Se, toxigenic Flavi significantly digested less B1, while levels of G1 significantly increased. Se did not affect the digestion of B1 in atoxigenic Flavi, and also did not alter levels of G1. Furthermore, atoxigenic strains were significantly fitter than toxigenic strains at Se 0.86 µg/g 3gCMA. Findings show that while atoxigenic Flavi degraded B1, toxigenic Flavi modulated its levels through an antioxidative mechanism to levels less than they produced. Furthermore, B1 was preferred in the antioxidative role compared to G1 in the toxigenic isolates. The higher fitness of atoxigenic over toxigenic counterparts at a plant non-lethal dose of 0.86 µg/g would be a useful attribute for integration in the broader biocontrol prospects of toxigenic Flavi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bwalya Katati
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Mycotoxicology Laboratory, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lusaka 310158, Zambia
| | - Stan Kovacs
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henry Njapau
- Mycotoxicology Laboratory, National Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Lusaka 310158, Zambia
| | - Paul W Kachapulula
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Bas J Zwaan
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sijmen E Schoustra
- Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
In Vitro Biological Control of Aspergillus flavus by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora uvarum L793, Producers of Antifungal Volatile Organic Compounds. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090663. [PMID: 34564667 PMCID: PMC8471246 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a toxigenic fungal colonizer of fruits and cereals and may produce one of the most important mycotoxins from a food safety perspective, aflatoxins. Therefore, its growth and mycotoxin production should be effectively avoided to protect consumers' health. Among the safe and green antifungal strategies that can be applied in the field, biocontrol is a recent and emerging strategy that needs to be explored. Yeasts are normally good biocontrol candidates to minimize mold-related hazards and their modes of action are numerous, one of them being the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). To this end, the influence of VOCs produced by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora uvarum L793 on growth, expression of the regulatory gene of the aflatoxin pathway (aflR) and mycotoxin production by A. flavus for 21 days was assessed. The results showed that both yeasts, despite producing different kinds of VOCs, had a similar effect on inhibiting growth, mycotoxin biosynthetic gene expression and phenotypic toxin production overall at the mid-incubation period when their synthesis was the greatest. Based on the results, both yeast strains, H. opuntiae L479 and H. uvarum L793, are potentially suitable as a biopreservative agents for inhibiting the growth of A. flavus and reducing aflatoxin accumulation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Einloft TC, Bolzan de Oliveira P, Radünz LL, Dionello RG. Biocontrol capabilities of three Bacillus isolates towards aflatoxin B1 producer A. flavus in vitro and on maize grains. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
4
|
Campos-Avelar I, Colas de la Noue A, Durand N, Cazals G, Martinez V, Strub C, Fontana A, Schorr-Galindo S. Aspergillus flavus Growth Inhibition and Aflatoxin B 1 Decontamination by Streptomyces Isolates and Their Metabolites. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13050340. [PMID: 34066812 PMCID: PMC8151643 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13050340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 is a potent carcinogen produced by Aspergillus flavus, mainly during grain storage. As pre-harvest methods are insufficient to avoid mycotoxin presence during storage, diverse curative techniques are being investigated for the inhibition of fungal growth and aflatoxin detoxification. Streptomyces spp. represent an alternative as they are a promising source of detoxifying enzymes. Fifty-nine Streptomyces isolates and a Streptomyces griseoviridis strain from the commercial product Mycostop®, evaluated against Penicillium verrucosum and ochratoxin A during previous work, were screened for their ability to inhibit Aspergillus flavus growth and decrease the aflatoxin amount. The activities of bacterial cells and cell-free extracts (CFEs) from liquid cultures were also evaluated. Fifty-eight isolates were able to inhibit fungal growth during dual culture assays, with a maximal reduction going down to 13% of the control. Aflatoxin-specific production was decreased by all isolates to at least 54% of the control. CFEs were less effective in decreasing fungal growth (down to 40% and 55% for unheated and heated CFEs, respectively) and aflatoxin-specific production, with a few CFEs causing an overproduction of mycotoxins. Nearly all Streptomyces isolates were able to degrade AFB1 when growing in solid and liquid media. A total degradation of AFB1 was achieved by Mycostop® on solid medium, as well as an almost complete degradation by IX20 in liquid medium (6% of the control). CFE maximal degradation went down to 37% of the control for isolate IX09. The search for degradation by-products indicated the presence of a few unknown molecules. The evaluation of residual toxicity of the tested isolates by the SOS chromotest indicated a detoxification of at least 68% of AFB1’s genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ixchel Campos-Avelar
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.-A.); (A.C.d.l.N.)
| | - Alexandre Colas de la Noue
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- Correspondence: (I.C.-A.); (A.C.d.l.N.)
| | - Noël Durand
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
- CIRAD, UMR Qualisud, 34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cazals
- IBMMUMR5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Véronique Martinez
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Caroline Strub
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Angélique Fontana
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| | - Sabine Schorr-Galindo
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France; (N.D.); (V.M.); (C.S.); (A.F.); (S.S.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li L, Yang B, Humza M, Geng H, Wang G, Zhang C, Gao S, Xing F, Liu Y. A novel strain Lactobacillus brevis 8-2B inhibiting Aspergillus carbonarius growth and ochratoxin a production. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
6
|
Moradi M, Rohani M, Fani SR, Mosavian MTH, Probst C, Khodaygan P. Biocontrol potential of native yeast strains against Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin production in pistachio. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2020; 37:1963-1973. [PMID: 32897822 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1811901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS is the main aflatoxin producer in food and feed and has wide ecological niches. Contamination of food products such as pistachio nuts and aflatoxin secretion directly affects food safety and international food product trades. Abilities of 13 yeast strains isolated from 200 soil and pistachio nut samples collected in Iranian orchards to reduce the growth of A. flavus as well as aflatoxin production were assessed in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds tests. The growth of A. flavus was reduced by 32-60%, 13-31% and 40-61% in dual culture, volatile and non-volatile compounds, respectively, while aflatoxin B1 production was diminished by 90.6-98.3%. Based on these assays, five yeast strains were selected for co-inoculation experiments using soil, pistachio hulls and leaf. A significant reduction in colony-forming units (CFU) ranging from 23% to 110% (p < .05) was observed. Molecular, physiological and morphological identification revealed these were strains of Pichia kudriavzevii and Lachansea thermotolerans. Aflatoxin biocontrol with yeast strains possesses many advantages including the ease of commercial production and organic application which is an environmental approach. More investigation is required to understand the efficiency of selective strains to inhibit A. flavus and aflatoxin production as well as withstand predominant abiotic stress in pistachio orchards and mass production in field application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moradi
- Department of Production Technology and Management, Pistachio Research Center, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Rohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad , Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Fani
- Plant Protection Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO , Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Claudia Probst
- Department of Agricultural Technology and Management, University of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering , Wels, Austria
| | - Pejman Khodaygan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan , Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ghanbari R, Rezaie S, Noorbakhsh F, Khaniki GJ, Soleimani M, Aghaee EM. Biocontrol effect of Kluyveromyces lactis on aflatoxin expression and production in Aspergillus parasiticus. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 366:5499020. [PMID: 31132114 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus parasiticus is one of the most common fungi able to produce aflatoxins, which are naturally occurring carcinogenic substances. This study evaluated the effects of the safe yeast, Kluyveromyces lactis, on fungal growth, aflatoxin production and expression of aflR gene in A. parasiticus. Antifungal susceptibility was evaluated by exposing A. parasiticus to different amounts of K. lactis, and aflatoxin production was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Expression of the aflR gene was determined by measuring the cognate aflR mRNA level by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The growth of A. parasiticus was inhibited by 7 days of incubation at 30°C with a minimum population of 1.5 × 105 CFU/ml of K. lactis, which also suppressed expression of the A. parasiticus aflR gene, reducing the total production of aflatoxins by 97.9% and aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 by 97.8, 98.6, 98 and 94%, respectively. Accordingly, K. lactis could be considered as a potential biocontrol agent against toxigenic molds in food and animal feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rooholla Ghanbari
- Food Safety & Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Qods Ave., Tehran, postal code:1417613151, Iran
| | - Sassan Rezaie
- Department of Medical Mycology & Parasitology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Qods Ave., Tehran, postal code:1417613151, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Noorbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Science College, Islamic Azad University, Varamin-Pishva Branch, 9 Dey Square, Pishva road, Varamin, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Jahed Khaniki
- Food Safety & Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Qods Ave., Tehran, postal code:1417613151, Iran
| | - Mina Soleimani
- Food Safety & Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Qods Ave., Tehran, postal code:1417613151, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Molaee Aghaee
- Food Safety & Hygiene Division, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Qods Ave., Tehran, postal code:1417613151, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yazid SNE, Jinap S, Ismail SI, Magan N, Samsudin NIP. Phytopathogenic organisms and mycotoxigenic fungi: Why do we control one and neglect the other? A biological control perspective in Malaysia. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:643-669. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Nur Ezzati Yazid
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food IntegrityInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Selamat Jinap
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food IntegrityInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Siti Izera Ismail
- Laboratory of Climate‐Smart Food Crop ProductionInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Department of Plant ProtectionFaculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology GroupCranfield Soil and AgriFood InstituteCranfield University Cranfield UK
| | - Nik Iskandar Putra Samsudin
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Food IntegrityInstitute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and TechnologyUniversiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ren X, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Mao J, Li P. Control of Aflatoxigenic Molds by Antagonistic Microorganisms: Inhibitory Behaviors, Bioactive Compounds, Related Mechanisms, and Influencing Factors. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E24. [PMID: 31906282 PMCID: PMC7020460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin contamination has been causing great concern worldwide due to the major economic impact on crop production and their toxicological effects to human and animals. Contamination can occur in the field, during transportation, and also in storage. Post-harvest contamination usually derives from the pre-harvest infection of aflatoxigenic molds, especially aflatoxin-producing Aspergilli such as Aspergillusflavus and A. parasiticus. Many strategies preventing aflatoxigenic molds from entering food and feed chains have been reported, among which biological control is becoming one of the most praised strategies. The objective of this article is to review the biocontrol strategy for inhibiting the growth of and aflatoxin production by aflatoxigenic fungi. This review focuses on comparing inhibitory behaviors of different antagonistic microorganisms including various bacteria, fungi and yeasts. We also reviewed the bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms and the mechanisms leading to inhibition. The key factors influencing antifungal activities of antagonists are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Ren
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jin Mao
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; (X.R.); (W.Z.); (J.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
- Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseeds Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Álvarez M, Rodríguez A, Peromingo B, Núñez F, Rodríguez M. Enterococcus faecium: a promising protective culture to control growth of ochratoxigenic moulds and mycotoxin production in dry-fermented sausages. Mycotoxin Res 2019; 36:137-145. [PMID: 31712978 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-019-00376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Moulds positively contribute to the development of typical characteristic flavour and aroma of dry-fermented sausages. However, some mould species, such as Penicillium nordicum and Penicillium verrucosum, may contaminate this product with ochratoxin A (OTA). For this reason, the control of toxigenic moulds is needed. Strategies based on the use of antifungal microorganisms present in the native microbial population in the dry-fermented sausage processing could be a promising strategy. The aim of this work was to study the effect of Enterococcus faecium strains on P. nordicum and P. verrucosum growth and OTA production in a dry-fermented sausage-based medium at conditions of temperature and water activity similar to those occurring during the ripening of these meat products. Six strains were screened to evaluate their growth capacity and antifungal activity against P. nordicum and P. verrucosum at three fixed temperatures related to the sausage ripening. The two E. faecium strains that decreased growth of both species were chosen to further evaluate their effect on growth of P. verrucosum and P. nordicum and their mycotoxin production under conditions simulating the dry-fermented sausage ripening. The presence of E. faecium SE920 significantly reduced OTA production of P. nordicum although it did not affect P. verrucosum. E. faecium SE920, isolated from dry-fermented sausages, could be a good candidate to reduce OTA production by P. nordicum in dry-fermented sausages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Álvarez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Belén Peromingo
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Félix Núñez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gasperini AM, Rodriguez-Sixtos A, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Garcia-Cela E, Medina A, Magan N. Resilience of Biocontrol for Aflatoxin Minimization Strategies: Climate Change Abiotic Factors May Affect Control in Non-GM and GM-Maize Cultivars. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2525. [PMID: 31787944 PMCID: PMC6856084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been significant interest in the development of formulations of non-toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus for control of toxigenic strains to reduce the aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination of maize. In the future, climate change (CC) abiotic conditions of temperature (+2–4°C), CO2 (existing levels of 400 vs. 800–1,200 ppb), and drought stress will impact on the agronomy and control of pests and diseases. This study has examined (1) the effect of two-way interacting factors of water activity × temperature on colonization and AFB1 contamination of maize cobs of different ripening ages; (2) the effect of non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus (50:50 inoculum ratio) on relative control of toxigenic A. flavus and AFB1 contamination of ripening cobs; (3) post-harvest control of AFB1 by non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus in non-GM and isogenic GM maize cultivars using the same inoculum ratio; and (4) the impact of three-way interacting CC factors on relative control of AFB1 in maize cobs pre-harvest and in stored non-GM/GM cultivars. Pre-harvest colonization and AFB1 production by a toxigenic A. flavus strain was conserved at 37°C when compared with 30°C, at the three ripening stages of cob development examined: milk ripe (R3), dough (R4), and dent (R5). However, pre-harvest biocontrol with a non-toxigenic strain was only effective at the R3 and R4 stages and not at the R5 stage. This was supported by relative expression of the aflR regulatory biosynthetic gene in the different treatments. When exposed to three-way interacting CC factors for control of AFB1 pre-harvest, the non-toxigenic A. flavus strain was effective at R3 and £4 stages but not at the R5 stage. Post-harvest storage of non-GM and GM cultivars showed that control was achievable at 30°C, with slightly better control in GM-cultivars in terms of the overall inhibition of AFB1 production. However, in stored maize, the non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus had conserved biocontrol of AFB1 contamination, especially in the GM-maize cultivars under three-way interacting CC conditions (37°C × 1,000 ppm CO2 and drought stress). This was supported by the relative expression of the aflR gene in these treatments. This study suggests that the choice of the biocontrol strains, for pre- or post-harvest control, needs to take into account their resilience in CC-related abiotic conditions to ensure that control of AFB1 contamination can be conserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Marcon Gasperini
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia Rodriguez-Sixtos
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Esther Garcia-Cela
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Angel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| | - Naresh Magan
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute, Environment and Agrifood Theme, Cranfield University, Bedford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhanamjayulu P, Boga RB, Mehta A. Inhibition of aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis and down regulation of aflR and aflB genes in presence of benzimidazole derivatives without impairing the growth of Aspergillus flavus. Toxicon 2019; 170:60-67. [PMID: 31541640 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are mutagenic secondary metabolites produced by certain ubiquitous saprophytic fungi. These contaminate agricultural crops and pose a serious health threat to humans and livestock all over the world. Benzimidazole and its derivatives are biologically active heterocyclic compounds known for their fungicidal activity. In the present study, second and sixth position substituted benzimidazole derivatives are tested for their antifungal and anti-aflatoxigenic activity. Aflatoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus cultured in Yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium as well as in rice in the presence and absence of test compounds. 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazole (FBD) showed complete inhibition of fungal growth at 50 μg/mL. However, the polar derivatives of FBD viz. 6-NFBD, 6-AFBD, 6-CAFBD, and 6-CFBD did not impair the fungal growth but effectively inhibited aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis. Significant down-regulation of aflR gene involved in regulation and aflB structural gene for aflatoxin B1 biosynthesis was observed in presence of 6-NFBD. These benzimidazole derivatives also showed good anti-aflatoxigenic activity in rice, though the IC50 concentrations in rice were comparatively higher than those in YES medium. This study summarizes the most notable structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-(2-Furyl) benzimidazoles for anti-aflatoxigenic and anti-fungal activities. These molecules can be further studied for their applications in industrial fermentation processes vulnerable to mold growth and subsequent aflatoxin B1 synthesis like koji fermentation, cheese production, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Dhanamjayulu
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Alka Mehta
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Peromingo B, Andrade MJ, Delgado J, Sánchez-Montero L, Núñez F. Biocontrol of aflatoxigenic Aspergillus parasiticus by native Debaryomyces hansenii in dry-cured meat products. Food Microbiol 2019; 82:269-276. [PMID: 31027783 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured meat products, such as dry-cured ham or dry-fermented sausages, are characterized by their particular ripening process, where a mould population grows on their surface. Some of these moulds are hazardous to the consumers because of their ability to produce mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFs). The use of native yeasts could be considered a potential strategy for controlling the presence of AFs in dry-cured meat products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of two native Debaryomyces hansenii strains on the relative growth rate and the AFs production in Aspergillus parasiticus. Both D. hansenii strains significantly reduced the growth rates of A. parasiticus when grown in a meat-model system at different water activity (aw) conditions. The presence of D. hansenii strains caused a stimulation of AFs production by A. parasiticus at 0.99 aw. However, at 0.92 aw the yeasts significantly reduced the AFs concentration in the meat-model system. The relative expression levels of the aflR and aflS genes involved in the AFs biosynthetic pathway were also repressed at 0.92 aw in the presence of both D. hansenii strains. These satisfactory results were confirmed in dry-cured ham and dry-fermented sausage slices inoculated with A. parasiticus, since both D. hansenii strains significantly reduced AFs amounts in these matrices. Therefore, both tested D. hansenii strains could be proposed as biocontrol agents within a HACCP framework to minimize the hazard associated with the presence of AFs in dry-cured meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Peromingo
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María J Andrade
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez-Montero
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Félix Núñez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n, 10003, Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bernáldez V, Córdoba JJ, Delgado J, Bermúdez E, Rodríguez A. Gene expression analysis to predict aflatoxins B1 and G1 contamination in some plant origin foods. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
15
|
Moon YS, Kim HM, Chun HS, Lee SE. Organic acids suppress aflatoxin production via lowering expression of aflatoxin biosynthesis-related genes in Aspergillus flavus. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
16
|
Lappa IK, Mparampouti S, Lanza B, Panagou EZ. Control of Aspergillus carbonarius in grape berries by Lactobacillus plantarum: A phenotypic and gene transcription study. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 275:56-65. [PMID: 29635101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of Lactobacillus plantarum against the ochratoxigenic fungus Aspergillus carbonarius was investigated in this study. Four different fungal isolates from grape berries were co-cultured with four different strains of L. plantarum on Malt Extract Agar (MEA) plates at 30 °C. Bacterial strains inhibited fungal growth up to 88% and significantly reduced toxin production up to 100%. In addition, L. plantarum was evaluated as biocontrol agent against A. carbonarius growth and OTA production on table grapes. Temporal studies of bacterial antagonism were performed with two different grape cultivars. Artificially wounded and unwounded berries were pre-treated with 108 CFU/mL bacteria and inoculated with 106 spores/mL of A. carbonarius ochratoxigenic isolates. Biocontrol agents displayed high rate of colonization on grapes during 5 days of incubation at 30 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also determined the presence of microorganisms on grape surface. Bacterial strains were effective in controlling fungal infection reaching up to 71% inhibition rates. However the presence of wounds on grape skin facilitated infection of berries by A. carbonarius, since unwounded berries showed lower levels of infection. Results also revealed significant reduction in mycotoxin production ranging between 32% and 92%. Transcriptome analysis following exposure to co-cultivation, exhibited differential expression for each gene studied of AcOTAnrps (Aspergillus carbonarius OTA nonribosomal), AcOTApks (Aspergillus carbonarius OTA polyketide synthase) and laeA, emphasizing the significance of strain variability. The genes AcOTAnrps and laeA were most influenced by the presence of L. plantarum. This work is a contribution for the potential biocontrol of toxigenic fungi in table grapes by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The above findings underline the significance of bacterial strain variability on the effectiveness of biopreservative features of L. plantarum strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliada K Lappa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Sevasti Mparampouti
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Barbara Lanza
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-food Processing (CREA-IT), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Via Nazionale 38, I-65012 Cepagatti, PE, Italy
| | - Efstathios Z Panagou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens (AUA), Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Potential of yeasts isolated from dry-cured ham to control ochratoxin A production in meat models. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 268:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
18
|
Medina A, Mohale S, Samsudin NIP, Rodriguez-Sixtos A, Rodriguez A, Magan N. Biocontrol of mycotoxins: dynamics and mechanisms of action. Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Bernáldez V, Córdoba JJ, Magan N, Peromingo B, Rodríguez A. The influence of ecophysiological factors on growth, aflR gene expression and aflatoxin B 1 production by a type strain of Aspergillus flavus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
20
|
Siahmoshteh F, Siciliano I, Banani H, Hamidi-Esfahani Z, Razzaghi-Abyaneh M, Gullino ML, Spadaro D. Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the control of Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxins production on pistachio. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 254:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
21
|
Ren S, Yue Y, Li Y, Guo X, Wang S. Functional analyses of the versicolorin B synthase gene in Aspergillus flavus. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28612469 PMCID: PMC5552937 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin is a toxic, carcinogenic mycotoxin primarily produced by Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. Previous studies have predicted the existence of more than 20 genes in the gene cluster involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Among these genes, aflK encodes versicolorin B synthase, which converts versiconal to versicolorin B. Past research has investigated aflK in A. parasiticus, but few studies have characterized aflK in the animal, plant, and human pathogen A. flavus. To understand the potential role of aflK in A. flavus, its function was investigated here for the first time using gene replacement and gene complementation strategies. The aflK deletion-mutant ΔaflK exhibited a significant decrease in sclerotial production and aflatoxin biosynthesis compared with wild-type and the complementation strain ΔaflK::aflK. ΔaflK did not affect the ability of A. flavus to infect seeds, but downregulated aflatoxin production after seed infection. This is the first report of a relationship between aflK and sclerotial production in A. flavus, and our findings indicate that aflK regulates aflatoxin formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silin Ren
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuewei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Fungi and Mycotoxins of Fujian Province, Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology of Education Ministry, and School of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bernáldez V, Rodríguez A, Rodríguez M, Sánchez-Montero L, Córdoba JJ. Evaluation of different RNA extraction methods of filamentous fungi in various food matrices. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Efficacy of fungal and bacterial antagonists for controlling growth, FUM1 gene expression and fumonisin B 1 production by Fusarium verticillioides on maize cobs of different ripening stages. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 246:72-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
24
|
Samsudin NIP, Medina A, Magan N. Relationship between environmental conditions, carbon utilisation patterns and Niche Overlap Indices of the mycotoxigenic species Fusarium verticillioides and the biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea. FUNGAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
25
|
Peromingo B, Rodríguez A, Bernáldez V, Delgado J, Rodríguez M. Effect of temperature and water activity on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus on cured meat model systems. Meat Sci 2016; 122:76-83. [PMID: 27498402 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry-cured hams may be colonised by aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus during the ripening process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between non-ionic water stress and temperatures may have on lag phases prior to growth, growth rates and aflatoxin production by two strains of each A. parasiticus and A. flavus on meat matrices over a period of 12days. Results showed that A. flavus CBS 573.65 had shorter lag phases than A. parasiticus CECT 2688, however the growth rates were quite similar. For both species, no growth occurred at 10°C and all aw tested and optimum growth happened at 25°C and 0.95 aw. Similar aflatoxin B1 production profiles between both species were found, however A. flavus produced much higher concentration of such toxin than A. parasiticus. Both species produced aflatoxins when the temperature and the aw were ≥15°C and ≥0.90.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Peromingo
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Victoria Bernáldez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Josué Delgado
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez
- Food Hygiene and Safety, Meat and Meat Products Research Institute, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Extremadura, Avda. de las Ciencias, s/n. 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|