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Husna A, Miah MA, Zakaria L, Nor NMIM. Fusarium andiyazi, a Pathogenic Species Associated with Rice Bakanae Disease in Malaysia. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:308. [PMID: 39150554 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Rice is the main staple food crops for the Malaysian population. Rice is also susceptible to bakanae diseases caused by some Fusarium species and reducing yield, and quality of rice also profit. In this study, several rice fields were surveyed to collect Fusarium isolates associated with bakanae disease. The morphological features of Fusarium andiyazi isolates found on infected rice plants were identified in this investigation. For biological species identification, MAT-1 (Mating type idiomorphs) bearing isolates were crossed with MAT-2 isolates. Crossing was succeeded between cross of two different mating type bearing field isolates. Consequently, there is a possibility of exchange of genetic material within the F. andiyazi population in Malaysia. The identity of the isolates was further determined up to the species level by comparing DNA sequences and phylogenetic analysis of two genes. The phylogenetic analyses of the joined dataset of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and RNA polymerase subunit II (RPB2) revealed that all the isolates were F. andiyazi. In pathogenicity tests, F. andiyazi were found to be pathogenic on the susceptible rice cultivars MR211 and MR220. Inoculated rice seedling produced typical bakanae symptom like elongation, thin and yellow leaves. F. andiyazi was further confirmed as pathogenic species by Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) detection of Gibberellic acid (GA3) and Fusaric acid. In this study, F. andiyazi strains have been identified as the responsible pathogen for causing rice bakanae disease in Malaysia and it is the first report of F. andiyazi, as a pathogenic species on rice in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaul Husna
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
- Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Miah
- Faculty of Agriculture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Latiffah Zakaria
- School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Petrović K, Orzali L, Krsmanović S, Valente MT, Tolimir M, Pavlov J, Riccioni L. Genetic Diversity and Pathogenicity of the Fusarium Species Complex on Soybean in Serbia. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1851-1860. [PMID: 38311795 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-23-2450-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Using morphological and cultural characteristics for identification, 36 Fusarium isolates were recovered from diseased roots, stems, and seeds of soybean from several localities throughout Vojvodina Province, Serbia. Based on molecular characterization, 12 Fusarium species were identified: F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. commune, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, F. subglutinans, and F. tricinctum. The elongation factor 1-α-based phylogeny grouped the isolates into 12 well-supported clades, but polymorphisms among sequences in some clades suggested the use of the species complex concept: (i) F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC)-F. incarnatum and F. equiseti; (ii) F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC)-F. oxysporum; (iii) F. solani species complex (FSSC)-F. solani; and (iv) F. acuminatum/F. avenaceum/F. tricinctum species complex (FAATSC)-F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, and F. tricinctum. Pathogenicity tests showed that the most aggressive species causing soybean seed rot were F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, FIESC, and F. avenaceum. Furthermore, F. subglutinans, FSSC, and F. proliferatum showed a high percentage of pathogenicity on soybean seeds (80 to 100%), whereas variability in pathogenicity occurred within isolates of F. tricinctum. FOSC, F. commune, and F. acuminatum had the lowest pathogenicity. To our knowledge, this is the first study of the characterization of Fusarium species on soybean in Serbia. This study provides valuable information about the composition of Fusarium species and pathogenicity that will be used in further research on soybean resistance to Fusarium-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Petrović
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
- BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad 21001, Serbia
| | - Laura Orzali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Maria Teresa Valente
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy
| | - Miodrag Tolimir
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
| | - Jovan Pavlov
- Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje", Belgrade 11185, Serbia
| | - Luca Riccioni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Plant Protection and Certification (CREA-DC), 00156 Rome, Italy (deceased)
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da Silva Santos AC, Pedroso SKB, Alves AL, Diniz AG, de Oliveira NT, Tiago PV. Fusarium species associated with citrus blackfly ( Aleurocanthus woglumi) from an agroecological polyculture in Brazil, including an augmented description of F. volatile. Mycologia 2024; 116:92-105. [PMID: 38079330 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2283944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to report Fusarium species associated with Aleurocanthus woglumi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) collected from citrus leaves from an agroecological polyculture in Brazil, assess sexual reproductive mode of the species with unknown sexual stages, and provide an augmented description of F. volatile, for which we discovered a sexual stage. Nineteen Fusarium isolates were recovered from A. woglumi. These fungi belong to three species complexes, i.e., the F. chlamydosporum species complex (FCSC), the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), and the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC). Based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses, the species were identified as F. annulatum, F. chlamydosporum, F. pernambucanum, F. sulawesiense, F. verticillioides, and F. volatile. Our results suggest that three species whose sexual stages are unknown (F. chlamydosporum, F. sulawesiense, and F. volatile) are also heterothallic. Intraspecific crosses of F. sulawesiense and F. volatile produced protoperithecia, whereas 66.7% of F. volatile crosses produced fertile perithecia. We provide an augmented description of the latter species to include characteristics of its sexual morph and those observed in the asexual morph that had not yet been described for the species. This study highlights the potential of researching insect-associated fungi to increase knowledge about the diversity, taxonomy, and versatility of Fusarium in ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carla da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Sheila Karine Belo Pedroso
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Amanda Lucia Alves
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Athaline Gonçalves Diniz
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Neiva Tinti de Oliveira
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
| | - Patricia Vieira Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, 50670901, Brazil
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Omoruyi BE, Volschenk H, Gelderblom WCA, Lilly M. Biocontrol of Fusarium Species Utilizing Indigenous Rooibos and Honeybush Extracts. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0274222. [PMID: 37222581 PMCID: PMC10269529 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02742-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins produced by several Fusarium species have a significant effect on reducing maize yield and grain quality and have led to food safety concerns. The antifungal activities of rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) tea extracts reduced the growth of plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea, but their efficacy against Fusarium spp. is unknown. In this study, we examined the effects of fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia subternata) aqueous extracts as well as green tea (Camellia sinensis) against 10 Fusarium species. Conidial viability was assessed by fluorescence microscopy dyes, ATP production was determined using the BacTiter-Glo assay, the mode of action was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and quantification of polyphenols was done using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). Fermented rooibos extract demonstrated the highest antifungal activity (P < 0.0001) against Fusarium verticillioides MRC 826-E, Fusarium subglutinans MRC 8553, Fusarium proliferatum MRC 8549, and Fusarium globosum MRC 6647, with only 9.53%, 9.26%, 11.0%, and 12.7% ATP production, respectively, followed by antifungal activity of the fermented C. subternata extract against F. subglutinans MRC 8553, F. subglutinans MRC 8554, F. proliferatum MRC 8550, and F. verticillioides MRC 826-E with 3.79%, 6.04%, 6.04%, and 8.40% ATP production, respectively. Extract-treated conidia examined by SEM exhibited disruption of conidial hyphae and collapsed spores. Overall, the fermented rooibos and C. subternata extracts showed higher antifungal activity against the Fusarium species than the unfermented extracts. IMPORTANCE In maize subsistence farming areas in South Africa, daily consumption of maize contaminated by high level of mycotoxins contributes to long-term health effects such as immune deficiency and cancer. Biocontrol methods that are safe and cost-effective are critical to addressing this public health problem. Plant extracts known as biocides or green pesticides are alternatives to chemical pesticides due to their safety and eco-friendly properties. In South Africa, rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia species) contain polyphenols with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. These indigenous herbal teas are widely available and consumed in South Africa and have potential as an innovative approach to reduce mycotoxin levels and, subsequently, human and animal exposure to these toxins. This study evaluates the efficacy of the antifungal activities of several aqueous extracts prepared from fermented and unfermented rooibos (A. linearis), honeybush (Cyclopia subternata), and green tea (Camellia sinensis) on 10 Fusarium strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beauty E. Omoruyi
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heinrich Volschenk
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mariska Lilly
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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Shakeel Q, Mubeen M, Sohail MA, Ali S, Iftikhar Y, Tahir Bajwa R, Aqueel MA, Upadhyay SK, Divvela PK, Zhou L. An explanation of the mystifying bakanae disease narrative for tomorrow's rice. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1153437. [PMID: 37143531 PMCID: PMC10151534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1153437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice production is severely hampered by the bakanae disease (Fusarium fujikuroi), formerly recognized as Fusarium moniliforme. F. moniliforme was called the F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) because it was later discovered that it had some separate species. The FFSC's constituents are also well recognized for producing phytohormones, which include auxins, cytokinin, and gibberellins (GAs). The normal symptoms of bakanae disease in rice are exacerbated by GAs. The members of the FFSC are responsible for the production of fumonisin (FUM), fusarins, fusaric acid, moniliformin, and beauvericin. These are harmful to both human and animal health. This disease is common around the world and causes significant yield losses. Numerous secondary metabolites, including the plant hormone gibberellin, which causes classic bakanae symptoms, are produced by F. fujikuroi. The strategies for managing bakanae, including the utilization of host resistance, chemical compounds, biocontrol agents, natural goods, and physical approaches, have been reviewed in this study. Bakanae disease is still not entirely preventable, despite the adoption of many different tactics that have been used to manage it. The benefits and drawbacks of these diverse approaches are discussed by the authors. The mechanisms of action of the main fungicides as well as the strategies for resistance to them are outlined. The information compiled in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the bakanae disease and the development of a more effective management plan for it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Shakeel
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mustansar Mubeen
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aamir Sohail
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Iftikhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Yasir Iftikhar
| | - Rabia Tahir Bajwa
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Anjum Aqueel
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sudhir K. Upadhyay
- Department of Environmental Science, VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Zhou
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Xu X, Zhang L, Yang X, Shen G, Wang S, Teng H, Yang C, Liu X, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Fusarium Species Associated with Maize Leaf Blight in Heilongjiang Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1170. [PMID: 36354937 PMCID: PMC9698036 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium spp. are among the most important plant pathogens in the world. A survey on maize leaf blight was carried out in Heilongjiang province from 2019 to 2021. Based on morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis on translation elongation factor (tef1) and second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (rpb2) genes, 146 Fusarium isolates were obtained and grouped into 14 Fusarium species, including F. ipomoeae (20.5%), F. compactum (17.1%), F. sporotrichioides (9.59%), F. graminearum (9.59%), F. citri (8.9%), F. asiaticum (6.85%), F. verticillioides (6.85%), F. acuminatum (5.48%), F. glycines (5.48%), F. temperatum (2.74%), F. armeniacum (2.74%), Fusarium sp. (2.05%), F. flagelliforme (1.4%), and F. annulatum (0.68%). The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC, including F. ipomoeae, F. compactum, F. citri, and F. flagelliforme) was the most prevalent, indicating an evolving occurrence of the Fusarium species causing maize leaf blight. The typical symptoms observed on the maize leaves were oval to long strip lesions, with a gray to dark gray or brownish red coloration in the center and a chlorotic area at the edges. Based on the tef1 gene, seven haplotypes of FIESC were identified in Heilongjiang province, suggesting a population expansion. This is the first report of F. ipomoeae, F. compactum, F. flagelliforme, F. citri, F. sporotrichioides, F. graminearum, F. asiaticum, F. acuminatum, F. glycines, F. temperatum, F. armeniacum, Fusarium sp., and F. annulatum causing maize leaf blight in Heilongjiang province, China. The current research is informative for managing disease, exploring the phylogenetic relationship among Fusarium species, and clarifying the diversity of Fusarium species associated with maize leaf blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Haolin Teng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xueyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No. 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Gil-Serna J, Patiño B, Verheecke-Vaessen C, Vázquez C, Medina Á. Searching for the Fusarium spp. Which Are Responsible for Trichothecene Contamination in Oats Using Metataxonomy to Compare the Distribution of Toxigenic Species in Fields from Spain and the UK. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14090592. [PMID: 36136530 PMCID: PMC9506359 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of oats with Fusarium toxins poses a high risk for food safety. Among them, trichothecenes are the most frequently reported in European oats, especially in northern countries. The environmental conditions related to the climate change scenario might favour a distribution shift in Fusarium species and the presence of these toxins in Southern European countries. In this paper, we present an ambitious work to determine the species responsible for trichothecene contamination in Spanish oats and to compare the results in the United Kingdom (UK) using a metataxonomic approach applied to both oat grains and soil samples collected from both countries. Regarding T-2 and HT-2 toxin producers, F. langsethiae was detected in 38% and 25% of the oat samples from the UK and Spain, respectively, and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of this fungus in oats from Spain. The relevant type B trichothecene producer, F. poae, was the most frequently detected Fusarium species in oats from both origins. Other important trichothecene producers, such as the Fusarium tricinctum species complex or Fusarium cerealis, were also frequently detected in oat fields. Many Fusarium toxins, including T-2 and HT-2 toxins, deoxynivalenol, or nivalenol, were detected in oat samples. The results obtained in this work revealed a clear change in the distribution of trichothecene producers and the necessity to establish the potential of these species to colonize oats and their ability to produce mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Gil-Serna
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Belén Patiño
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carol Verheecke-Vaessen
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Covadonga Vázquez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, Jose Antonio Novais 12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel Medina
- Applied Mycology Group, Cranfield Soil and AgriFood Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Imran M, Khanal S, Zhou XGS, Antony-Babu S, Atiq M. First Report of Fusarium Sheath Rot of Rice Caused by Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex in the United States. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3206. [PMID: 35486602 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2693-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal diseases, including sheath rot (Sarocladium oryzae), cause significant losses of yield and milling quality of rice (Oryza sativa). In August 2021, symptoms like sheath rot were observed on 20% of rice plants (cv. Presidio) in 1-hectare field in Eagle Lake, Texas. Initial lesions occurred on the upper flag leaf sheaths and were oblong or irregular oval, with gray to light brown centers, and a dark reddish-brown diffuse margin. Lesions enlarged, coalesced, and covered a large area of the sheath. Infection led to panicle rot with kernels turning dark brown. Unlike sheath rot, sheath infection also led to inside culm infection with irregular dark brown lesions. Infected tissue pieces were sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 2 min, followed by 75% ethanol for 30 s, washed in sterile H2O three times, air dried and incubated on PDA at 27℃. Fungal isolates were obtained from 15 diseased plant samples and their singled-spored fungal colonies were whitish, loosely floccose and produced light yellow pigmentation. On carnation leaf agar, macroconidia were slightly curved and tapered at the ends, with 3 to 5 septa, and measured 17.5 to 34.3 × 3.1 to 5.0 µm. Microconidia were ovoid, usually with 0 to 1 septum and were 4.0 to 15.5 × 2.5 to 4.5 µm. Spherical shaped chlamydospores were produced in chain. These morphological characteristics were consistent to those described for Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (O'Donnell et al. 2009), including F. incarnatum (Wang et al. 2021) and F. equiseti (Avila et al. 2019). For molecular identification, DNA of a representative isolate was extracted and ITS, LSU, and EF1 of the fungus were amplified using the primers of ITS1/ITS4 (Wang et al. 2014), D1/D2 domain region of LSU (Fell et al. 2000), and EF1 (Wang et al. 2014), respectively, and sequenced. The ITS sequence (OL344049) was 99.61% identical to F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FD_01692) in Fusarium-ID database and 99.61% identical to F. equiseti (LC514690, KY523100, MW016539) and F. incarnatum (MH979697) in NCBI database. The LSU sequence (OK559512) was 98.77% similar to F. equiseti (MN877913, MN368509) and F. incarnatum (MH877332, MH877326); the EF1 sequence (OK570044) was 99.27% similar to F. equiseti (MK278902) in NCBI database. A phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated nucleotide sequences grouped this isolate in the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex clade at 100% bootstrap support. To evaluate pathogenicity, a conidial suspension of 1 x 106 conidia/ml or sterilized water (the controls) was injected into the sheaths and young panicles of three rice plants (cv. Presidio) at boot. Treated plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25 to 30℃. After 3 weeks, typical symptoms, like those observed in the field, developed on the inoculated plants but not on the controls. The same fungus was consistently re-isolated from the diseased plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Fusarium sheath rot caused by F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex in rice in the U. S. F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex has been reported to be associated with panicle infection in wild rice (O. latifolia) in Brazil (Tralamazza et al. 2021). F. incarnatum has also been reported to cause panicle rot in China (Wang et al. 2021). F. proliferatum has been reported to cause Fusarium sheath rot in India (Prabhukarthikeyan et al. 2021) and the U. S. (Cartwright et al. 1995). This research demonstrates the potential of different pathogens being involved in causing sheath rot of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- University of Faisalabad, Department of Plant Pathology, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
| | - Sabin Khanal
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Beaumont, Texas, United States;
| | - Xin-Gen Shane Zhou
- Texas A&M University System, AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1509 Aggie Drive, Beaumont, Texas, United States, 77713;
| | - Sanjay Antony-Babu
- Texas A&M University College Station, 14736, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College Station, Texas, United States;
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- University of Faisalabad, Department of Plant Pathology, Faisalabad, Pakistan;
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Circular Economy: A Comprehensive Review of Eco-Friendly Wollastonite Applications. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14053070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The growing increase in greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), by anthropogenic activities can be linked to extreme climate events, such as intensive droughts, floods, or hurricanes, and has led to several studies focused on reducing the concentration of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Some technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), can potentially sequester billions of tons of CO2 per year. One of the promising methods is the use of carbon mineralization as a CCS methodology. For this approach, some minerals can be investigated, such as wollastonite, which can be obtained from agricultural waste recovery. One topic of interest in these studies is agriculture, demonstrating that it can play an important role in climate change mitigation. This work presents a critical review of the studies of rice waste use for potential synthesizing wollastonite as a path for CO2 storage, promoting the circular economy. Several works were analyzed and presented, addressing eco-friendly wollastonite use, such as in the cement industry, and they can contribute to a lower global warming potential. There is a promising way to explore, once there are few studies in the literature about CO2 capture and storage of wollastonite by carbon mineralization.
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Xi K, Shan L, Yang Y, Zhang G, Zhang J, Guo W. Species Diversity and Chemotypes of Fusarium Species Associated With Maize Stalk Rot in Yunnan Province of Southwest China. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:652062. [PMID: 34759893 PMCID: PMC8575069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.652062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Maize stalk rot caused by Fusarium species is one of the most important fungal diseases of maize throughout the world. The disease is responsible for considerable yield losses and has also been associated with mycotoxin contamination of the crop. In this study, a survey of maize stalk rot was performed in seven locations of Yunnan Province in China during the cropping season of 2015 and 2016. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, 204 isolates belonging to 12 Fusarium spp. from symptomatic stalks of maize were identified. Among the isolated strains, 83 were identified as Fusarium meridionale (40.5%), 46 as Fusarium boothii (22.5%), 34 as Fusarium temperatum (16.5%), 12 as Fusarium equiseti (5.9%), 10 as Fusarium asiaticum (4.9%), six as Fusarium proliferatum (3.0%), four as Fusarium verticillioides (2.0%), four as Fusarium incarnatum (2.0%), two as Fusarium avenaceum (1.0%), one as Fusarium cerealis (0.5%), one as Fusarium graminearum (0.5%), and one as Fusarium cortaderiae (0.5%). Fusarium cortaderiae was the first report on the causal agent of maize stalk rot disease in China. These isolates were divided into five chemotypes: nivalenol (NIV), deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisin (FUM). Phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1-α) showed a high degree of interspecific polymorphisms among the isolates. Pathogenicity analysis on maize stalks indicated that all the 12 species of Fusarium were able to cause the disease symptoms with different aggressiveness. This study on population, pathogenicity, and toxigenic chemotypes of Fusarium species associated with maize stalk rot in Yunnan Province of southwest China, will help design an effective integrated control strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifei Xi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Liuying Shan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Yang
- The Central Agricultural Broadcasting and Television School, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- General Office of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
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11
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Paul NC, Park S, Liu H, Lee JG, Han GH, Kim H, Sang H. Fungi Associated with Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Potato Storage Roots and In Vitro Antagonistic Assay of Trichoderma harzianum against the Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110927. [PMID: 34829216 PMCID: PMC8625119 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato is the 11th most important food crop in the world and an excellent source of nutrition. Postharvest diseases were monitored in sweet potato storage roots collected from the local markets in Korea during 2021. Several diseases including Fusarium surface and root rot, charcoal rot, dry rot, and soft rot were observed in the postharvest sweet potatoes. A total of 68 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples, and the isolates were grouped into 8 different fungal colony types. Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological analysis of 17 representative isolates, the isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. ipomoeae, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum, P. rotoruae, Aspergillus wentii, Mucor variicolumellatus (Mu. circinelloides species complex), and Macrophomina phaseolina. F. oxysporum was the predominant pathogen as this is the most common pathogen of sweet potato storage roots causing the surface rot disease, and M. phaseolina caused the most severe disease among the pathogens. Dual culture antagonistic assays were evaluated using Trichoderma harzianum strains CMML20–26 and CMML20–27. The results revealed that the two strains showed strong antifungal activity in different ranges against all tested pathogens. This study provides an understanding of diverse postharvest diseases in sweet potatoes and suggests potential biocontrol agents to manage the diseases. In addition, this is the first report of sweet potato storage root rot diseases caused by A. wentii, and P. rotoruae worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Ju Gyeong Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Gui Hwan Han
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea;
| | | | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence:
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12
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Phytopathological Threats Associated with Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Cultivation and Seed Production in an Area of Central Italy. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10091933. [PMID: 34579464 PMCID: PMC8467509 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In 2017, in a new Chenopodium quinoa cultivation area (Central Italy), emergence failures of the Titicaca, Rio Bamba, and Real varieties, whose seeds were obtained the previous year (2016) in the same location, were observed. Moreover, leaf disease symptoms on the Regalona variety, whose seeds came from Chile, were detected. Visual and microscopic analyses showed the presence of browning/necrotic symptoms on the seeds of the three varieties whose emergence in the field had failed. In addition, their in vitro germination rates were strongly compromised. Fusarium spp. was isolated with high incidence from Titicaca, Rio Bamba, and Real seeds. Among the detected Fusarium species, in the phylogenetic analysis, the dominant one clustered in the sub-clade Equiseti of the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti (FIESC) species complex. Instead, the pathogen associated with Regalona leaf symptoms was identified, by morphological and molecular features, as Peronospora variabilis, the causal agents of downy mildew. This is the first report of both P. variabilis and F. equiseti on C. quinoa in Italy. Species-specific primers also detected P. variabilis in Regalona seeds. These results underline the importance of pathogen monitoring in new quinoa distribution areas, as well as of healthy seed production and import for successful cultivation.
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13
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Lu Y, Qiu J, Wang S, Xu J, Ma G, Shi J, Bao Z. Species Diversity and Toxigenic Potential of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Isolates from Rice and Soybean in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2628-2636. [PMID: 33393357 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-20-1907-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) strains are generally considered moderately virulent to many agricultural crops and produce a variety of mycotoxins, which represent a serious threat to food safety and public health. The occurrence of the FIESC strain in agricultural crops has been reported in various climatic regions, but detailed information on the species composition and toxigenic ability is rare in China. In this study, phylogenetic analyses were performed with combined sequences of EF-1a and RPB2 of 186 Fusarium isolates obtained from rice (Oryza sativa) and soybean (Glycine max). Twelve species were identified and 156 of the isolates were resolved within the Incarnatum clade of the FIESC species. Host influenced the population composition: rice isolates belonged to 12 species, among which FIESC 16, 18, and 24 strains were predominant; whereas five species were found among soybean isolates and FIESC 1, 16, and 18 strains dominated. Forty-three isolates were arbitrarily selected and analyzed for their Tri gene sequences and mycotoxigenic potential. Phylogenetic results based on the combined Tri5, Tri7, and Tri13 sequences were coincident with those from housekeeping markers. Type-A and -B trichothecenes were the main metabolites. Diacetoxyscirpenol was detected in all strains at varying concentrations. Nivalenol, 4-acetyl nivalenol, 3-acetyl deoxynivalenol, and neosolaniol were produced in members of the FIESC 1, 3, 7, 8, 15, 16, 17, and 18 strains. Our findings contribute valuable phylogenetic and toxigenic information necessary for the risk evaluation of mycotoxins in agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Lu
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianbo Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guizhen Ma
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology/Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zenghai Bao
- College of Marine Life and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
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Noorabadi MT, Masiello M, Taherkhani K, Zare R, Torbati M, Haidukowski M, Somma S, Logrieco AF, Moretti A, Susca A. Phylogeny and mycotoxin profile of Fusarium species isolated from sugarcane in Southern Iran. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126855. [PMID: 34455360 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sugarcane is an important crop in Southern Iran for agri-food, energy, and pharmaceutical industries. Among the pathogens that colonize sugarcane, mycotoxigenic Fusarium species are reason of serious concern for both their pathogenicity on plants and ability to produce harmful mycotoxins to humans and animals. We studied 104 Fusarium strains, selected within a wider Fusarium set isolated from sugarcane in Southern Iran, for molecular identification, phylogeny and mycotoxin analyses. Most of Fusarium strains belonged to Fusarium fujikuroi Species Complex (FFSC) and identified mainly as F. proliferatum, at minor extent as F. sacchari, and rarely as F. thapsinum, and F. verticillioides. Moreover, 14 strains identified as FFSC could not be assigned to any known species, although they were phylogenetically closely related to F. andiyazi, likely representing a new phylogenetic species. A subset of FFSC strains were analyzed for in vitro production of fumonisins (FBs), beauvericin (BEA), and enniatins (ENNs). Fusarium proliferatum strains produced FBs at high amount, and, at a lesser extent, BEA, and ENNs; F.sacchari produced only BEA and B ENNs at very low level; Fusarium sp. strains produced only B ENNs. The paper provides new insights on the genetic diversity of Fusarium species and their mycotoxin profile occurring on sugarcane in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tavakol Noorabadi
- Department of Plant Protection, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Mario Masiello
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy.
| | - Kourosh Taherkhani
- Sugarcane Research and Training Institute for the Development of Industries in Khuzestan, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Torbati
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Miriam Haidukowski
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Somma
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Moretti
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonia Susca
- National Research Council, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Bari, Italy
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15
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Munkvold GP, Proctor RH, Moretti A. Mycotoxin Production in Fusarium According to Contemporary Species Concepts. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 59:373-402. [PMID: 34077240 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium is one of the most important genera of plant-pathogenic fungi in the world and arguably the world's most important mycotoxin-producing genus. Fusarium species produce a staggering array of toxic metabolites that contribute to plant disease and mycotoxicoses in humans and other animals. A thorough understanding of the mycotoxin potential of individual species is crucial for assessing the toxicological risks associated with Fusarium diseases. There are thousands of reports of mycotoxin production by various species, and there have been numerous attempts to summarize them. These efforts have been complicated by competing classification systems based on morphology, sexual compatibility, and phylogenetic relationships. The current depth of knowledge of Fusarium genomes and mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways provides insights into how mycotoxin production is distributedamong species and multispecies lineages (species complexes) in the genus as well as opportunities to clarify and predict mycotoxin risks connected with known and newly described species. Here, we summarize mycotoxin production in the genus Fusarium and how mycotoxin risk aligns with current phylogenetic species concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary P Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology and Seed Science Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA;
| | - Robert H Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA;
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISPA), 70126 Bari, Italy;
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16
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Ekpakpale DO, Kraak B, Meijer M, Ayeni KI, Houbraken J, Ezekiel CN. Fungal Diversity and Aflatoxins in Maize and Rice Grains and Cassava-Based Flour (Pupuru) from Ondo State, Nigeria. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:635. [PMID: 34436174 PMCID: PMC8397998 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grains and cassava-based foods serve as major dietary sources for many households in Nigeria. However, these foods are highly prone to contamination by moulds and aflatoxins owing to poor storage and vending practices. Therefore, we studied the fungal diversity in maize, cassava-based flour (pupuru), and rice vended in markets from Ondo state, Nigeria, and assessed their aflatoxin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular analysis of 65 representative fungal isolates recovered from the ground grains and pupuru samples revealed 26 species belonging to five genera: Aspergillus (80.9%), Penicillium (15.4%), and Talaromyces (1.9%) in the Ascomycota; Syncephalastrum (1.2%) and Lichtheimia (0.6%) in Mucoromycota. Aspergillus flavus was the predominant species in the ground grains and pupuru samples. Aflatoxins were found in 73.8% of the 42 representative food samples and 41.9% exceeded the 10 μg/kg threshold adopted in Nigeria for total aflatoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella O. Ekpakpale
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria; (D.O.E.); (K.I.A.)
| | - Bart Kraak
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Martin Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Kolawole I. Ayeni
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria; (D.O.E.); (K.I.A.)
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.K.); (M.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Chibundu N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo 121103, Ogun State, Nigeria; (D.O.E.); (K.I.A.)
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Liu Y, Tang J, Zhou Y. Identification and Description of a New Pathogen Causing Flower Dry Rot on Passiflora edulis in China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1967-1975. [PMID: 33289411 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2130-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Passiflora edulis Sims (passion fruit) is an economically important fruit crop. However, a new flower dry rot has occurred in orchards located in Zhanjiang, China, and has led to serious production loss. Its disease incidence is approximately 30 to 40%. A total of 221 isolates of Fusarium sp. were obtained from samples of three types of symptomatic flowers. Three representative single-spore isolates (PaB-1, PaB-2, and PaB-3) from each type were used for pathogenicity tests, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and morphological descriptions. Pathogenicity tests of buds of 5-month-old P. edulis plants showed symptoms similar to those observed in nature, and Koch's postulates were achieved. By comparing 36 typical species from the FUSARIUM-ID database, multilocus phylogenetic analyses showed that the sequences of TEF1, RPB2, and ITS of these isolates belong to the Incarnatum clade of the F. incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC-17-a) with an independent branch. Therefore, the pathogenic isolates were identified as F. pernambucanum (FIESC-17-a). Moreover, in this study, the conidial anastomosis tubes were first observed in the FIESC. This is the first report of flower dry rot on P. edulis caused by F. pernambucanum. Further studies should be performed to determine effective disease management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelian Liu
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Jianrong Tang
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, China
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Phylogenetic analysis and growth profiles of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex strains isolated from Tunisian cereals. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 353:109297. [PMID: 34153829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is a phylogenetically rich complex. It includes more than 30 cryptic phylogenetic species, making morphological identification problematic. FIESC has previously been detected in Tunisian cereals, but knowledge on the phylogeny and the ecophysiology of their species is lacking. In this work a phylogenetic analysis was performed using partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1a gene (EF1a) of three FIESC strains isolated from barley and wheat from Tunisia, situated south in the Mediterranean basin, and additional strains from other countries. The results indicated that all Tunisian strains clustered with FIESC 5 group (F. clavum) together with other Spanish FIESC 5 strains also isolated from cereals. Growth rate profiles of the Tunisian strains were also determined on wheat and sorghum based media at a range of temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40 °C) and water potential values (-0.7, -2.8, -7.0, and -9.8 MPa, corresponding to 0.995, 0.98, 0.95 and 0.93 aw values). Optimal growth was observed at 20-30 °C and between -0.7 and -7.0 MPa on both substrates (wheat and sorghum). The highest growth rate for the three strains was seen at 25 °C combined with -2.8 MPa. The comparison between the growth profiles of Tunisian and Spanish FIESC 5 strains showed similar trends with some interesting differences regarding temperature and water potential factors. Tunisian strains seem to perform better between 15 and 30 °C and, notably, at even lower water potentials included -9.8 Mpa. This might suggest that tolerance to low water potentials might be for Tunisian strains a more important selective clue than to higher temperatures. These results appeared to be consistent with a population well adapted to the present climatic conditions and predicted scenarios for North Africa.
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Tralamazza SM, Piacentini KC, Savi GD, Carnielli-Queiroz L, de Carvalho Fontes L, Martins CS, Corrêa B, Rocha LO. Wild rice (O. latifolia) from natural ecosystems in the Pantanal region of Brazil: Host to Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex and highly contaminated by zearalenone. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 345:109127. [PMID: 33689972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We assessed the mycobiota diversity and mycotoxin levels present in wild rice (Oryza latifolia) from the Pantanal region of Brazil; fundamental aspects of which are severely understudied as an edible plant from a natural ecosystem. We found multiple fungal species contaminating the rice samples; the most frequent genera being Fusarium, Nigrospora and Cladosporium (35.9%, 26.1% and 15%, respectively). Within the Fusarium genus, the wild rice samples were mostly contaminated by the Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) (80%) along with Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (20%). Phylogenetic analysis supported multiple FIESC species and gave support to the presence of two putative new groups within the complex (LN1 and LN2). Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) chemical analysis showed that most of the isolates were DON/ZEN producers and some were defined as high ZEN producers, displaying abundant ZEN levels over DON (over 19 times more). Suggesting that ZEN likely has a key adaptive role for FIESC in wild rice (O. latifolia). Mycotoxin determination in the rice samples revealed high frequency of ZEN, and 85% of rice samples had levels >100 μg/kg; the recommended limit set by regulatory agencies. DON was only detected in 5.2% of the samples. Our data shows that FIESC species are the main source of ZEN contamination in wild rice and the excessive levels of ZEN found in the rice samples raises considerable safety concerns regarding wild rice consumption by humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Moser Tralamazza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karim Cristina Piacentini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geovana Dagostim Savi
- University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Scientific and Technological Park, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lorena Carnielli-Queiroz
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia de Carvalho Fontes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Food Science, Food Engineering Faculty, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Evaluation of Mycotoxin Production and Phytopathogenicity of the Entomopathogenic Fungi Fusarium caatingaense and F. pernambucanum from Brazil. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1218-1226. [PMID: 33625571 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (FIESC) is considered as one of the richest insecticolous species. Fusarium species synthesize toxic secondary metabolites that are not fully understood. Mycotoxin production and pathogenicity on germinating seeds, seedlings, and leaves must be carefully studied for the use of Fusarium species in the biological control of insect pests. In this study, we evaluated the mycotoxin production and phytopathogenic potential of entomopathogenic strains of Fusarium sulawesiensis (1), F. pernambucanum (3), and F. caatingaense (23). The phytopathogenicity tests of F. caatingaense (URM 6776, URM 6777, URM 6778, URM 6779, and URM 6782) were performed during the development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris, Vigna unguiculata, and Phaseolus lunatus), and corn (Zea mays) seedlings, using four treatments (soil infestation with the inoculum, spraying on leaves, root dip, and negative control). The mycotoxins, monoacetyl-deoxynivalenols (AcDON), deoxynivalenol (DON), beauvericin (BEA), fusarenone-X (FUS), T-2 toxin (T2), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), and zearalenone (ZEA), were detected in the study; BEA (detected in 25 strains) and FUS (detected in 21 strains) were found to be predominant. None of the strains showed any ability to cause disease or virulence in beans and corn. The FIESC strains showed a highly variable production of mycotoxins without the potential to be used as phytopathogenic agents for the cultures tested.
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Yang Y, Cao Z, Tang J, Song Y, Shentu X, Yu X. First report of root rot on Dendrobium officinale caused by Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex in Zhejiang Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2253. [PMID: 33591829 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-21-0054-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a rare and valuable Chinese herb cultivated in Zhejiang and Yunnan Provinces, China, which is known for its functions as an anti-neoplastic and for lowering the blood sugar (Cheng et al., 2019). In September and October of 2018 and 2019, symptoms of root rot on D. officinale were observed with an incidence of 15-20% in Wuyi County, Zhejiang Province, China. The pathogen mainly infected roots causing severe root rot, which resulted in significant economic losses. At the early stage of this disease, the stalk turned brown, then the whole plant rotted from bottom to top within a few days. Symptomatic roots were cut into small pieces (1.0 cm × 1.0 cm) and disinfected successively by submersion in 75% ethanol for 30 s and 1% NaClO for 30 s under aseptic conditions. After rinsing with sterile water three times and air drying, segments were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After incubation at 25 °C for 5 d in the dark, white to pale cream colored colonies were produced. The average mycelial growth rate was 15.2-18.5 mm day-1 at 25 ℃. Macroconidia were falciform with three to five septa and (18.0-32.0)×(3.0-5.0) μm in size. Microconidia were fusiform with two to three septa (7.0-10.0)×(2.1-3.0) μm. Based on morphological characteristics of macroconidia, and microconidia, isolates were identified as Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti species complex (span style="font-family:'Times New Roman'; font-size:12pt">FIESC) (Avila et al., 2019). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor (EF-1α), RNA polymerase largest subunit (RPB1), and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (RPB2) gene were amplified and sequenced respectively using ITS1/ITS4, EF1/EF2, Fa/G2R and 5f2/7cr primers (O'Donnell et al., 2010). BLASTN analysis of FUSARIUM-ID using ITS (Accession NO. MW172977), EF-1α (Accession NO. MW172978, RPB1(Accession NO. MW172979), and RPB2(Accession NO. MW172980) showed 99.8%, 100%, 99.74%, and 98.63% identity to FIESC isolates NRRL43619, NRRL34059, NRRL32864, and NRRL32175, respectively. To verify pathogenicity, ten 1-year-old healthy D. officinale plants were used for inoculation tests. One milliliter of a conidial suspension (106 conidia ml-1) was pipetted onto the soil around the base of D. officinale plants per pot. Ten plants, which were treated with sterile water, were used as the control. All plants were maintained in a climatic chamber (26 ± 1 ℃, 70-80% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 [L: D] h). Seven days later, all inoculated plants showed typical symptoms of root rot identical to those observed in the fields. Control plants remained symptomless and healthy. The pathogenicity analysis was repeated three times. Pathogens re-isolated from symptomatic plants were identified as FIESC species by morphology observation and sequence analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root rot caused by FIESC species on D. officinale in Zhejiang, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Yang
- China Jiliang University, 92270, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Zhenyan Cao
- China Jiliang University, 92270, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Jintian Tang
- China Jiliang University, 92270, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Yang Song
- China Jiliang University, 92270, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Xuping Shentu
- No.258, Xueyuan Street, Higher Education Zone of XiashaHangzhou, China, 310018;
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- China Jiliang University, 92270, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China;
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Jiang H, Wu N, Jin S, Ahmed T, Wang H, Li B, Wu X, Bao Y, Liu F, Zhang JZ. Identification of Rice Seed-Derived Fusarium Spp. and Development of LAMP Assay against Fusarium Fujikuroi. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010001. [PMID: 33374990 PMCID: PMC7822049 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium species are important seedborne pathogens that cause rice bakanae disease (RBD). In this study, 421 strains were isolated from 25 rice samples collected from Zhejiang, Anhui, and Jiangxi provinces of China. Furthermore, 407 isolates were identified as F. fujikuroi (80.05% isolation frequency), F. proliferatum (8.31%), F. equiseti (5.94%), F. incarnatum (2.61%), F. andiyazi (0.95%), and F. asiaticum (0.48%) based on morphology and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of combined sequences of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2), TEF1-α gene, and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) showed that 17 representative strains were attributed to six species. Pathogenicity tests showed that representative isolates possessed varying ability to cause symptoms of bakanae on rice seedlings. Moreover, the seed germination assay revealed that six isolates had different effects, such as inhibition of seed germination, as well as seed and bud rot. The loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based assay were developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. According to sequences of desaturase-coding gene promoter, a species-specific marker desM231 was developed for the detection of F. fujikuroi. The LAMP assay using seeds collected from field was validated, and diagnostics developed are efficient, rapid, and sensitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Na Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.W.); (Y.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Shaomin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Xiaobi Wu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Cangnan County, Wenzhou 325000, China;
| | - Yidan Bao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.W.); (Y.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; (N.W.); (Y.B.); (F.L.)
| | - Jing-Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agricultural and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (H.J.); (S.J.); (T.A.); (H.W.); (B.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-571-8898-2267
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Nationwide survey reveals high diversity of Fusarium species and related mycotoxins in Brazilian rice: 2014 and 2015 harvests. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fusarium fujikuroi species complex in Brazilian rice: Unveiling increased phylogenetic diversity and toxigenic potential. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 330:108667. [PMID: 32531666 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) species are commonly encountered infecting rice, but knowledge of the diversity and toxigenic potential of the species is lacking in Brazil, the largest rice-producing country outside Asia. One hundred FFSC isolates obtained from national rice were identified using morphology and phylogeny of TEF, CAL and TUB genes. Eight previously known and one novel Fusarium species were identified. Three species accounted for around 60% of the strains: F. fujikuroi (n = 23), F. proliferatum (n = 22) and F. verticillioides (n = 16). The less frequent species were F. volatile (n = 8), F. anthophilum (n = 6), F. pseudocircinatum (n = 4), F. sterilihyphosum (n = 2) and F. begoniae (n = 1). The novel Fusarium species was represented by 18 isolates. All species produced at least one of the analyzed mycotoxins [beauvericin (BEA), fumonisins (FBs), moniliformin (MON) and enniatins (ENNs)]. BEA was produced by all species but F. verticillioides. The FBs (mainly FB1) were produced mostly by F. fujikuroi, F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides. F. begoniae and F. verticillioides did not produce ENNs and F. sterilihyphosum and F. begoniae did not produce MON, while the other species produced MON and ENNs. Our results add new knowledge of the diversity, geographical distribution and host range of FFSC species.
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