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Miotti C, Signorini ML, Oteiza JM, Prez VE, Barril PA. Meta-analysis of the prevalence of norovirus and hepatitis a virus in berries. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110577. [PMID: 38262124 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) stand as the predominant agents associated with viral foodborne infections. Outbreaks have been documented to be caused by various types of food items, including fresh and/or frozen berries. Comprehensive data concerning crucial viral pathogens in berries remain limited and are not currently available in aggregate form. Consequently, the present study aimed to compile the existing information regarding the prevalence of NoV and HAV in this matrix. Records of foodborne viruses were systematically extracted from database repositories up to December 2022, adhering to PRISMA standards and were subjected to a multilevel random effect meta-analysis model to determine the mean occurrence rate of NoV and HAV. A high heterogeneity across studies was observed (I2 = 82 %), reflecting variations in the prevalence of sampling locations, years, berry types, and sample conditions, among other potential contributing factors. The prevalence of NoV and HAV in berries was calculated at 2.12 % (95 % CI 1.74-2.59 %), and no statistically differences were observed among the viral types or genogroup categories. However, it is important to clarify that this estimate should be taken with caution given the high heterogeneity. There was no discernible correlation between viral prevalence and any particular berry type. However, there was a temporal correlation observed with the year of sampling, revealing a significantly decreasing trend throughout the study period. A significant influence of the sample condition (fresh or frozen) was observed in relation to the prevalence of NoV GII and HAV. Overall higher viral prevalences were identified in berries originating from African countries as compared to those sourced from other continents. It was also noted that the prevalence of NoV GI was significantly higher in samples collected directly from farms compared to those obtained from retailers. The outcomes of this comprehensive meta-analysis propose that while viral contamination of berries is diminishing in more recent times, the prevalence remains substantial in certain African countries, having a significant risk for foodborne infections. It is imperative to implement intervention strategies in these regions to enhance product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Miotti
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Lisandro Signorini
- IDICAL - Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA - CONICET SANTA FE), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Juan Martín Oteiza
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Verónica Emilse Prez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Gastroenteritis Virales, Instituto de Virología "Dr. J. M. Vanella", Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Patricia Angélica Barril
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica a la Industria (CIATI), Centenario, Neuquén, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
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Kim TY, Zhu X, Kim SM, Lim JA, Woo MA, Lim MC, Luo K. A review of nucleic acid-based detection methods for foodborne viruses: Sample pretreatment and detection techniques. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113502. [PMID: 37986417 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are major pathogens that cause food poisoning when ingested via contaminated food and water. Therefore, the development of foodborne virus detection technologies that can be applied throughout the food distribution chain is essential for food safety. A common nucleic acid-based detection method is polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which has become the gold standard for monitoring food contamination by viruses due to its high sensitivity, and availability of commercial kits. However, PCR-based methods are labor intensive and time consuming, and are vulnerable to inhibitors that may be present in food samples. In addition, the methods are restricted with regard to site of analysis due to the requirement of expensive and large equipment for sophisticated temperature regulation and signal analysis procedures. To overcome these limitations, optical and electrical readout biosensors based on nucleic acid isothermal amplification technology and nanomaterials have emerged as alternatives for nucleic acid-based detection of foodborne viruses. Biosensors are promising portable detection tools owing to their easy integration into compact platforms and ability to be operated on-site. However, the complexity of food components necessitates the inclusion of tedious preprocessing steps, and the lack of stability studies on residual food components further restricts the practical application of biosensors as a universal detection method. Here, we summarize the latest advances in nucleic acid-based strategies for the detection of foodborne viruses, including PCR-based and isothermal amplification-based methods, gene amplification-free methods, as well as food pretreatment methods. The principles, strengths/disadvantages, and performance of each method, problems to be solved, and future prospects for the development of a universal detection method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Yong Kim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoning Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Se-Min Kim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-A Lim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ah Woo
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Lim
- Research Group of Food Safety and Distribution, Korea Food Research Institute (KFRI), Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon-si 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ke Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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Zhong J, Yang Y, Zhang H, Zhang S, Qu X, Chen Q, Niu B. Risk assessment of norovirus and hepatitis A virus in strawberries imported into China. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:8009-8026. [PMID: 38107112 PMCID: PMC10724630 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) pose a considerable health risk worldwide. In recent years, many cases of virus infection caused by virus-contaminated strawberries have occurred worldwide. This study applied a critical control point system to analyze the main hazards during the production and marketing of strawberries imported into China and explore the key control points in the whole process. To further evaluate the risks in the supply chain, the established quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used to determine the probability that residents would be infected with viruses after consuming imported strawberries. It was found that the risk of virus contamination from imported strawberries was low, and the virus contamination mainly results from water resources and personnel. This research helps the regulatory authorities formulate strategies to ensure the long-term microbial safety of imported strawberries. In addition, the methods may prove useful in evaluating the risks of other agricultural produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhong
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources DevelopmentGuangxi Botanical Garden of MedicinalNanningChina
| | - Qin Chen
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bing Niu
- School of Life SciencesShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
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El-araby A, Azzouzi A, Ayam IM, Samouh KF, Errachidi F. Survey on technical management of strawberries in Morocco and evaluation of their post-harvest microbial load. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1115340. [PMID: 36704550 PMCID: PMC9871894 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The climatic conditions of the growing regions influence the fruit's microbiological quality and their tolerance to post-harvest pathogens. The present work aims to identify the prevalence of bacterial and fungal strains of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) in the Gharb and Loukkos regions of Morocco. Thus, to establish a correlation between the microbial load and the climatic conditions of the two targeted regions. The bacteriological analyses were studied according to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methodologies. Regarding the mycological study, fungal species determination was performed using identification keys. Yeast species determination was done using genus analysis, assimilation, and fermentation tests. Emberger bioclimatic quotients (Q2) were calculated for the Gharb and Loukkos regions and bioclimatic stages were determined. Salmonella spp. was not detected in the studied samples. However, Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were isolated from the Gharb samples. Sulfite-reducing clostridia spores were found in two Gharb samples versus one Loukkos sample. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were negative in all samples analyzed. Loukkos and Gharb regions were contaminated by Bacillus cereus with percentages of occurrence of 5.2 and 7.8%, respectively. The fungi found in strawberries from both regions were Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus spp., and Alternaria alternata with a significant predominance in the Loukkos samples. Indeed, a marked presence is noted for Candida sake and Rhodotorula glutinis in strawberries from Loukkos. Gharb is located on the semi-arid stage, while Loukkos is located on the sub-humid stage. Climatic conditions have a strong influence on plant microbial load, which explains the prevalence of bacteria in strawberries from Gharb and the prevalence of fungi in strawberries from Loukkos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir El-araby
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco,*Correspondence: Abir El-araby, ✉
| | - Amal Azzouzi
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Iman Msegued Ayam
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Khaoula Filali Samouh
- Department of Biology, Immunology and Biodiversity Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Ain Chock, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Faouzi Errachidi
- Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Sahoo M, Panigrahi C, Aradwad P. Management strategies emphasizing advanced food processing approaches to mitigate food borne zoonotic pathogens in food system. FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monalisa Sahoo
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Chirasmita Panigrahi
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Pramod Aradwad
- Division of Agricultural Engineering Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi India
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Advanced Detection Techniques Using Artificial Intelligence in Processing of Berries. FOOD ENGINEERING REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12393-021-09298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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A Study on the Reaction Kinetics of Anaerobic Microbes Using Batch Anaerobic Sludge Technique for Beverage Industrial Wastewater. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a low-cost, efficient, and environmentally friendly anaerobic sludge process for the treatment of industrial beverage wastewater was investigated to analyze the effect of bacteria growth on the degradation of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand). Additionally, the mechanism, interactions between the microbe’s growth, and operating conditions of an anaerobic batch reactor along with the wastewater treatment efficiency were evaluated via microbial kinetics. The kinetic coefficients based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) by conventional techniques such as kinetic coefficients growth yield (0.46 mg VSS/mg COD), saturation coefficient (3500 mg/L COD), the maximum rate of substrate utilization per unit mass of biomass (0.0066 mg/L COD), growth rate by Monod equation, M (0.03833 L/h), and maximum growth rate, μm (0.03672 L/h) were calculated. The results show a higher rate of substrate degradation (0.54 day−1) due to the high COD removal efficiency (CRE) of 99.31% during 13 days that was achieved, which can be attributed to the active involvement of anaerobic microbes in the process of degradation. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the current study can be used as an effective way to analyze the industrial beverage wastewater at commercial levels.
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Nicolau-Lapeña I, Abadias M, Viñas I, Bobo G, Lafarga T, Ribas-Agustí A, Aguiló-Aguayo I. Water UV-C treatment alone or in combination with peracetic acid: A technology to maintain safety and quality of strawberries. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 335:108887. [PMID: 33002710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disinfection of fruits is one of the most important steps since they are going to be eaten fresh-or minimally-processed. This step affects quality, safety, and shelf-life of the product. Despite being a common sanitizer in the fruit industry, chlorine may react with organic matter leading to the formation of toxic by-products. Alternative sustainable disinfection strategies to chlorine are under study to minimize environmental and human health impact. Water-assisted UV-C light (WUV-C) is proposed here as an alternative sanitizing method for strawberries. In this study, strawberries were washed for 1 or 5 min in a tank with 2 or 4 lamps on, each emitting UV-C light at 17.2 W/cm2, or in a chlorine solution (200 ppm, pH 6.5). Moreover, trials with 4 lamps on, together with a washing solution consisting on peracetic acid at 40 or 80 ppm, were carried out. Overall, quality and nutritional parameters of strawberries after treatments were maintained. Changes in color were not noticeable and fruits did not lose firmness. No major changes were observed in antioxidant activity, organic acid, anthocyanin, vitamin C, and total phenolic content. Yeasts and molds were not affected by the WUV-C treatment, and 5 min were needed to significantly reduce total aerobic mesophylls population. However, reductions of artificially inoculated Listeria innocua and Salmonella Typhimurium after WUV-C treatments were comparable to those obtained with chlorine-wash, which were 3.0 log CFU / g. Moreover, WUV-C light was effective to minimize microorganisms remaining in washing water, avoiding cross-contamination and thus, allowing water recirculation. This effect was improved when combining the action of UV-C light with peracetic acid, showing the suitability of this combined treatment, understood as an alternative to chlorine sanitation, for sanitizing strawberries and keeping the populations of pathogenic bacteria in washing water lower than 0.6 ± 0.1 log CFU / mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Nicolau-Lapeña
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maribel Abadias
- IIRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Viñas
- Food Technology Department, University of Lleida, Agrotecnio Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Gloria Bobo
- IIRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Tomás Lafarga
- IIRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Ingrid Aguiló-Aguayo
- IIRTA, Postharvest Programme, Edifici Fruitcentre, Parc Científic i Tecnològic Agroalimentari de Lleida, Parc de Gardeny, 25003 Lleida, Catalonia, Spain..
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