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Gharaibeh MH, Al Sheyab SY, Malkawi IM, Al Qudsi FR. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from the chicken liver in relation to slaughterhouse conditions. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27759. [PMID: 38515697 PMCID: PMC10955320 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) has been identified as a sub-group of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Recent studies indicate APEC as a potential foodborne zoonotic pathogen and a source or reservoir of human extraintestinal infections. The slaughtering and processing of poultry in low-income countries such as Jordan occurs in two distinct ways: in informal facilities known as Natafat and in formal slaughterhouses. This study compared E. coli phenotypes and genotypes according to slaughtering conditions (formal slaughterhouses vs. informal slaughter facilities). Therefore, liver samples (n = 242) were collected from formal (n = 121) and informal slaughter facilities (n = 121). Results revealed a high prevalence (94.2%) of E. coli among all isolates, with 59 (17 formal and 42 informal) isolates considered avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) based on the virulence-associated genes. The prevalence of resistance among isolates was relatively high, reaching up to 99% against penicillin and 97% against nalidixic acid. However, the prevalence of resistance was the lowest (1.3%) against both meropenem and imipenem. Based on the MIC test findings, colistin resistance was 46.9% (107/228). The mcr -1 gene prevalence was 51.4% (55/107), of which 17.1 % were from formal plants (6/36) and 68.1% from informal facilities (49/72). Interestingly, only one isolate (0.9%) expressed mcr-10. Escherichia coli O157:H7 and associated virulence genes were found more in informal (n = 15 genes) than in formal slaughterhouses (n = 8). Phylogroups B1, C, and A were the most frequent in 228 E. coli isolates, while G, B2, and clade were the least frequent. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of implementing biosecurity measures in slaughterhouses to reduce antibiotic-resistant E. coli spread. Furthermore, this study provides valuable insights into the effects of wet market (Natafat) slaughter conditions on increasing bacterial resistance and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Gharaibeh
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Sahba Y. Al Sheyab
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ismail M. Malkawi
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Farah R. Al Qudsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 21121, Jordan
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2
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Ahmadi Z, Pakbin B, Kazemi M, Rahimi Z, Mahmoudi R. Genotyping and antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter species isolated from raw milk samples in Qazvin, Iran. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:314. [PMID: 37932835 PMCID: PMC10626807 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Campylobacter species are major causes of foodborne illnesses, with unpasteurized milk being a significant carrier of these bacteria, posing a public health risk. One of the challenges in managing Campylobacter infections is the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance. We conducted a study in Qazvin, Iran, testing 84 raw cow's milk samples to determine the frequency of C. jejuni and C. coli using culture-based and multiplex PCR methods. Additionally, the disk diffusion and RAPD-PCR approaches were utilized to evaluate the phenotypic antibiotic resistance profile and genetic diversity of Campylobacter strains. RESULTS The findings indicated that Campylobacter spp. was present in 19.05% of the samples, with C. coli being the predominant isolate. We tested eight antibiotic agents, and the resistance levels of the isolates were as follows: erythromycin 100%, tetracycline 75%, doxycycline 56.25%, ceftriaxone 43.75%, chloramphenicol 37.5%, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 25%, nalidixic acid 12.5%, and azithromycin 6.25%. Genetic diversity analysis categorized Campylobacter isolates into 39 clusters, indicating a wide diversity among strains. However, no significant correlation was observed between antibiotic resistance and cluster patterns. These findings underscore the role of raw milk as a reservoir for Campylobacter spp. and highlight the substantial antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity within the species population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Ahmadi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Babak Pakbin
- Werner Siemens Chair of Synthetic Biotechnology, Dept. of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenberg Str. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Maryam Kazemi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zahra Rahimi
- Department of Food Safety and Health, School of Public Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Razzagh Mahmoudi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
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Bhupathi P, Elhassan A-Elgadir TM, Mohammed Ali RH, Sanaan Jabbar H, Gulnoza D, Joshi SK, Kadhem Abid M, Ahmed Said E, Alawadi A, Alsaalamy A. Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-Based Sensor for Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37917532 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2023.2274050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid determination of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is of practical importance for the control and prevention of foodborne illnesses. Nowadays, with the prosperous development of fluorescence assays, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-derived diagnostic strategies are extensively employed in quantitative analysis of different pathogenic bacteria in food-related matrices, which displays a rapid, simple, stable, reliable, cost-effective, selective, sensitive, and real-time way. Considering the extensive efforts that have been made in this field so far, we here discuss the up-to-date developments of FRET-based diagnostic approaches for the determination of key foodborne pathogens like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus in complex food-related matrices. Moreover, the principle of this technology, the choosing standards of acceptor-donor pairs, and the fluorescence properties are also profiled. Finally, the current prospects and challenges in this field are also put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Bhupathi
- VIT School of Agricultural Innovations and Advanced Learning (VAIAL), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Hijran Sanaan Jabbar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Djakhangirova Gulnoza
- Department of Food Products Technology, Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology, Navoi street 32, Tashkent 100011, Uzbekistan
| | - S K Joshi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, India
| | - Mohammed Kadhem Abid
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Esraa Ahmed Said
- Department of Dentistry, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsaalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
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4
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Yanestria SM, Effendi MH, Tyasningsih W, Mariyono M, Ugbo EN. First report of phenotypic and genotypic (bla OXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from broilers in Indonesia. Vet World 2023; 16:2210-2216. [PMID: 38152271 PMCID: PMC10750733 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.2210-2216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Campylobacter is a zoonotic bacterium that is a major source of foodborne diseases. In humans, most cases of campylobacteriosis are caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Poultry is the main reservoir of Campylobacter for humans, because Campylobacter is part of the normal flora of the digestive tract of poultry. Antimicrobial resistance to several antibiotics in Campylobacter isolated from humans and food animals has increased rapidly. Beta-lactam is an antibiotic with a high prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter. This study aimed to investigate phenotypic and genotypic (blaOXA-61) beta-lactam resistance in C. jejuni from broilers in Indonesia. Materials and Methods A total of 100 samples of broiler intestinal contents were obtained from 10 broiler farms in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia. Campylobacter jejuni was identified using conventional and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Phenotypic detection of beta-lactam resistance was performed using an antimicrobial susceptibility test with antibiotic disks of aztreonam, ampicillin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genotypic detection by PCR was performed using the blaOXA-61 gene, which encodes beta-lactamase. Results Campylobacter jejuni was identified in 23% of the samples. Phenotypically, 100% (23/23) and 73.9% (17/23) C. jejuni isolates had high resistance to aztreonam and ampicillin, respectively, but all isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Genotypically, all isolates carried blaOXA-61, indicated by the presence of a 372-bp PCR product. Conclusion Campylobacter jejuni is highly resistant to beta-lactams and is a serious threat to human health. Resistance to beta-lactams should be monitored because beta-lactamase genes can be transferred between bacteria. Public awareness must also be increased on the importance of using antibiotics rationally in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Marty Yanestria
- Doctoral Program in Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga. Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Wiwiek Tyasningsih
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Dr. Ir. H. Soekarno, Kampus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mariyono Mariyono
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Balai Besar Veteriner Wates, Jl. Yogyakarta-Wates No. Km. 27, Wates, Yogyakarta 55651, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Enugu - Abakaliki Rd, 481101, Abakaliki, Ebonyi, Nigeria
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Marotta F, Janowicz A, Romantini R, Di Marcantonio L, Di Timoteo F, Romualdi T, Zilli K, Barco L, D’Incau M, Mangone I, Cito F, Di Domenico M, Pomilio F, Ricci L, Garofolo G. Genomic and Antimicrobial Surveillance of Campylobacter Population in Italian Poultry. Foods 2023; 12:2919. [PMID: 37569189 PMCID: PMC10418777 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. Most cases of campylobacteriosis can be traced back to the consumption of poultry meat. Despite many efforts to reduce contamination in farms and in slaughterhouses, the persistence of this pathogen in poultry products remains a problem. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of 542 C. jejuni and C. coli in Italian poultry, in the framework of two National Monitoring Programs. Genomes were screened for antibiotic resistance, virulence determinants and contextualized within a global collection of C. jejuni. ST2116, ST2863 and ST 832 were the most prevalent and significantly associated with Italian poultry. A worrying increase in resistance to quinolones, fluoroquinolones and tetracycline was observed in C. jejuni, while an increased occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains and strains resistant to macrolides was detected in C. coli. Low resistance rates were found for aminoglycosides. Molecular resistance determinants were consistent with the phenotypic resistance for tetracycline and quinolones. In silico analysis revealed 119 genes associated with virulence factors, with a notably higher prevalence of some genes in ST2863 genomes. This study highlights the increased resistance to macrolides and the emergence of MDR strains for C. coli, the genetic basis of AMR and the predominance of two genotypes among Campylobacter strains isolated from the Italian poultry farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marotta
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Janowicz
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Romina Romantini
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Lisa Di Marcantonio
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Federica Di Timoteo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Teresa Romualdi
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Katiuscia Zilli
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Lisa Barco
- Italian National Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy;
| | - Mario D’Incau
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia ed Emilia Romagna “Bruno Ubertini”, 25124 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Iolanda Mangone
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesca Cito
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Marco Di Domenico
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Francesco Pomilio
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Lucilla Ricci
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuliano Garofolo
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Teramo, Via Campo Boario 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy; (F.M.); (A.J.); (L.D.M.); (F.D.T.); (T.R.); (K.Z.); (I.M.); (F.C.); (M.D.D.); (F.P.); (L.R.); (G.G.)
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Farid N, Waheed A, Motwani S. Synthetic and natural antimicrobials as a control against food borne pathogens: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17021. [PMID: 37484319 PMCID: PMC10361103 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Food borne pathogens are one of the most common yet concerning cause of illnesses around the globe. These microbes invade the body via food items, through numerous mediums of contamination and it is impossible to completely eradicate these organisms from food. Extensive research has been made regarding their treatment. Unfortunately, the only available treatment currently is by antibiotics. Recent exponential increase in antibiotic resistance and the side effect of synthetic compounds have established a need for alternate therapies that could be utilized either on their own or along with antibiotics to provide protection against food-borne diseases. The aim of this review is to provide information regarding some common food borne diseases, their current and possible natural treatment. It will include details regarding some common foodborne pathogens, the disease they cause, prevalence, manifestations and treatment of the respective disease. Some natural modes of potential treatment will be summarized, which including phytochemicals, derived from plants either as crude extracts or as purified form and Bacteriocins as microbial based treatment, obtained from various types of bacteria. The paper will describe their mechanism of action, classification, susceptible organisms, some antimicrobial compounds and producing organisms, application in food systems and as potential treatment. Along with that, synthetic treatment i.e., antibiotics will be discussed including the first-line treatment of some common food borne infections, prevalence and mechanism of resistance against antibiotics in the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Farid
- Corresponding author. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Pakistan.
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Silva RTC, Guidotti-Takeuchi M, Peixoto JLM, Demarqui FM, Mori AP, Dumont CF, Ferreira GRA, Pereira GDM, Rossi DA, Corbi PP, Pavan FR, Rezende Júnior CDO, Melo RTD, Guerra W. New Palladium(II) Complexes Containing Methyl Gallate and Octyl Gallate: Effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Campylobacter jejuni. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093887. [PMID: 37175297 PMCID: PMC10179749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity of four palladium(II) complexes, namely, [Pd(meg)(1,10-phen)] 1, [Pd(meg)(PPh3)2] 2, [Pd(og)(1,10-phen)] 3 and [Pd(og)(PPh3)2] 4, where meg = methyl gallate, og = octyl gallate, 1,10-phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and PPh3 = triphenylphosphine. As to the chemical structures, spectral and physicochemical studies of 1-4 indicated that methyl or octyl gallate coordinates a palladium(II) ion through two oxygen atoms upon deprotonation. A chelating bidentate phenanthroline or two triphenylphosphine molecules complete the coordination sphere of palladium(II) ion, depending on the complex. The metal complexes were tested against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain and 2 exhibited high activity (MIC = 3.28 μg/mL). As to the tests with Campylobacter jejuni, complex 1 showed a significant effect in reducing bacterial population (greater than 7 log CFU) in planktonic forms, as well as in the biomass intensity (IBF: 0.87) when compared to peracetic acid (IBF: 1.11) at a concentration of 400 μg/mL. The effect provided by these complexes has specificity according to the target microorganism and represent a promising alternative for the control of microorganisms of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Micaela Guidotti-Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia 87504-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Laura Miranda Peixoto
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia 87504-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Manaia Demarqui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paulista State University-UNESP, Araraquara Campus, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Ananda Paula Mori
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia 38402-018, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolyne Ferreira Dumont
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia 87504-000, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daise Aparecida Rossi
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia 87504-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo Corbi
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas 13083-872, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Paulista State University-UNESP, Araraquara Campus, Araraquara 14800-060, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Torres de Melo
- Laboratory of Experimental Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Umuarama Campus, Uberlândia 87504-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Wendell Guerra
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia-UFU, Santa Mônica Campus, Uberlândia 38402-018, MG, Brazil
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Gharbi M, Kamoun S, Hkimi C, Ghedira K, Béjaoui A, Maaroufi A. Relationships between Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes/Genotypes in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Layer Hens and Eggs in the North of Tunisia: Statistical and Computational Insights. Foods 2022; 11:foods11223554. [PMID: 36429146 PMCID: PMC9689815 DOI: 10.3390/foods11223554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, Campylobacter is a significant contributor to gastroenteritis. Efficient pathogens are qualified by their virulence power, resistance to antibiotics and epidemic spread. However, the correlation between antimicrobial resistance (AR) and the pathogenicity power of pathogens is complex and poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate genes encoding virulence and AR mechanisms in 177 Campylobacter isolates collected from layer hens and eggs in Tunisia and to assess associations between AR and virulence characteristics. Virulotyping was determined by searching 13 virulence genes and AR-encoding genes were investigated by PCR and MAMA-PCR. The following genes were detected in C. jejuni and C. coli isolates: tet(O) (100%/100%), blaOXA-61 (18.82%/6.25%), and cmeB (100%/100%). All quinolone-resistant isolates harbored the Thr-86-Ile substitution in GyrA. Both the A2074C and A2075G mutations in 23S rRNA were found in all erythromycin-resistant isolates; however, the erm(B) gene was detected in 48.38% and 64.15% of the C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, respectively. The machine learning algorithm Random Forest was used to determine the association of virulence genes with AR phenotypes. This analysis showed that C. jejuni virulotypes with gene clusters encompassing the racR, ceuE, virB11, and pldA genes were strongly associated with the majority of phenotypic resistance. Our findings showed high rates of AR and virulence genes among poultry Campylobacter, which is a cause of concern to human health. In addition, the correlations of specific virulence genes with AR phenotypes were established by statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Gharbi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +216-27310041
| | - Selim Kamoun
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Chaima Hkimi
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Kais Ghedira
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Biomathematics and Biostatistics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Béjaoui
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
| | - Abderrazak Maaroufi
- Group of Bacteriology and Biotechnology Development, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar (UTM), Tunis 1002, Tunisia
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Bort B, Martí P, Mormeneo S, Mormeneo M, Iranzo M. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Broilers Throughout the Supply Chain in Valencia, Spain. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2022; 19:717-724. [PMID: 36037011 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen and its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been described worldwide. The main objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and AMR of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broilers throughout the supply chain in Valencia, Spain. A total of 483 samples were included in the analysis: 430 from the slaughterhouse (chicken carcass and neck skin) and 53 from the point of sale (retail broiler and packaging). Taking into account the origin of the sample, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was 19% in carcass, 28.2% in neck skin, 36.7% in retail broiler, and 80% in packaging isolates. The prevalence of different species in the analyzed samples was 21.1% and 4.8% for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. AMR profiling of 125 Campylobacter isolates revealed that 122 (97.6%) of the isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. C. jejuni samples presented high resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, 96.1% and 90.2% respectively, whereas C. coli showed 87% of resistance to both antimicrobials. Both species were resistant to tetracycline (C. jejuni 84.3% and C. coli 60.9%) and 26.1% of C. coli was resistant to streptomycin. These results showed no significant difference in the frequency of AMR (p ≥ 0.05) among isolates originated from different points in the food-processing chain at slaughterhouses and retail establishments. In contrast, three main patterns were detected: quinolone-tetracycline (64%), quinolone-only (17.6%), and quinolone-tetracycline-aminoglycosides (8%). Additionally, 12.8% of the isolates presented multidrug resistance, with significantly higher levels detected among C. coli (30.4%) isolates compared with C. jejuni (8.8%) and all the three strains were resistant to all six antibiotics tested. Therefore, these results indicate that broilers could be a source of antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter in humans and consequently pose a risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Bort
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Pedro Martí
- Public Health Laboratory of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mormeneo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Mormeneo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
| | - María Iranzo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain
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10
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Al-Khresieh RO, Al-Daghistani HI, Abu-Romman SM, Abu-Niaaj LF. Genetic Signature and Serocompatibility Evidence for Drug Resistant Campylobacter jejuni. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101421. [PMID: 36290079 PMCID: PMC9598221 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis, a foodborne illness, is one of the world′s leading causes of gastrointestinal illness. This study investigates the link between human campylobacteriosis and the consumption of potentially contaminated food with Campylobacter jejuni. Three hundred sixty samples were collected from humans, chicken cloaca, raw chicken meat, unpasteurized milk, and vegetables. The chickens were obtained from licensed and non-licensed slaughterhouses, and only the necks and wings were studied. Samples were enriched under microaerobic conditions then cultured on the modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar. Bacteria was identified by staining, biochemical testing, and molecular identification by the polymerase chain reaction for the virulence genes; hipO, asp, dnaJ, cadF, cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC. The genomic homogeneity of C. jejuni between human and chicken isolates was assessed by the serological Penner test and the pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Campylobacter was not detected in the vegetables and pasteurized milk, though, only twenty isolates from chickens and clinical samples were presumed to be Campylobacter based on their morphology. The biochemical tests confirmed that five isolates were C. coli, and fifteen isolates were C. jejuni including two isolates from humans, and the remaining were from chickens. The colonization of C. jejuni in chickens was significantly lower in necks (6.66%) obtained from licensed slaughterhouses compared to those obtained from non-licensed slaughterhouses (33.3%). The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that all identified C. jejuni isolates were resistant to antibiotics, and the majority of isolates (53.5%) showed resistance against six antibiotics, though, all isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and aztreonam. The Penner test showed P:21 as the dominant serotype in isolates from humans, necks, and cloaca. The serohomology of C. jejuni from human isolates and chicken necks, wings, and cloaca was 71%, 36%, 78%, respectively. The PFGE analysis of the pattern for DNA fragmentation by the restriction enzyme Smal showed a complete genotypic homology of C. jejuni human isolates and chicken necks compared to partial homology with cloacal isolates. The study brings attention to the need for effective interventions to ensure best practices for safe poultry production for commercial food chain supply to limit infection with foodborne pathogens, including Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozan O. Al-Khresieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Hala I. Al-Daghistani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Allied Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Saeid M. Abu-Romman
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Lubna F. Abu-Niaaj
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. Garland College of Engineering, Science, Technology and Agriculture, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Lin Q, Jia K, Gou H, He H, Wen J, Shen H, Chen K, Wu Y, Lu B, Liao M, Han Y, Zhang J. A smartphone-assisted high-throughput integrated color-sensing platform for the rapid detection of Campylobacter coli. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070830. [PMID: 35884085 PMCID: PMC9312241 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an emergent global health concern. The objectives of this study were to assess antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter isolates from chicken carcasses and to investigate the AMR molecular mechanisms as well as the presence of virulence determinants. The study was performed on 257 samples collected from abattoirs and retail shops in northeastern Tunisia. Forty-eight Campylobacter isolates were recovered and identified as C. jejuni (n = 33) and C. coli (n = 15). Antibiotic resistance was tested against eight antibiotics and high resistance rates were observed against tetracycline (100%), erythromycin (97.9%), ciprofloxacin (73%), nalidixic acid (85.4%), ampicillin (83.3%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (22.9%), chloramphenicol (75%), and gentamicin (27.1%). All isolates were multidrug-resistant, and 22 resistance patterns were found. All isolates were screened for AMR genes (tet(O), tet(A), tet(B), tet(L), cmeB, ermB, blaOXA-61, and aphA-3), and for point mutations in gyrA (C257T substitution) and 23SrRNA (A2075G/A2074C) genes. All screened AMR genes, as well as the C257T and the A2075G mutations, were detected. The virulence genotypes were also determined, and all isolates carried the motility (flaA) and invasion (cadF) genes. Most of them also harbored the cdtA, cdtB, and cdtC genes, encoding the Campylobacter toxin. The screening of the cgtB and the wlaN genes, involved in Guillain-Barré Syndrome expression, revealed the presence of the cgtB in 21.2% of C. jejuni strains, whereas none of them carried the wlaN gene. Our findings highlight the emergence of Campylobacter strains simultaneously harboring several virulence and AMR determinants, which emphasizes the risk of transmission of MDR strains to humans via the food chain. Hence, controlling the dissemination of foodborne pathogens “from the farm to the fork” as well as restricting the use of antimicrobials in husbandry are mandatory to prevent the risk for consumers and to mitigate the dissemination of MDR pathogens.
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Alsayeqh AF, Baz AHA, Darwish WS. Antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:68111-68133. [PMID: 34668139 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are known as significant public health hazards worldwide, particularly in the Middle East region. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among foodborne pathogens becomes one of the top challenges for the environment, public health, and food safety sectors. However, less is known about antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens in the Middle East region. Possibly because of the lack of surveillance, documentation, and reporting. This review focuses on the current status of antimicrobial resistance profiling among foodborne pathogens in the Middle East. Therefore, PubMed and other relevant databases were searched following PRISMA guidelines. Subject heading and texts were searched for "antimicrobial resistances," "foodborne," and "Middle East" to identify observational studies on AMR foodborne pathogens published during the last 10 years (2011 to 2020). Article retrieval and screening were done using a structured search string and strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Median and interquartile ranges of percent resistance were calculated for each antibiotic-bacterium combination. A total of 249 articles were included in the final analysis from ten countries, where only five countries had more than 85% of the included articles. The most commonly reported pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria spp. An apparent rise in drug resistance among foodborne pathogens was recorded particularly against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, and tetracycline that are commonly prescribed in most countries in the Middle East. Besides, there is a lack of standardization and quality control for microbiological identification and susceptibility testing methods in many of the Middle East countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alsayeqh
- Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 662251452, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wageh Sobhy Darwish
- Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
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Borgio JF, Rasdan AS, Sonbol B, Alhamid G, Almandil NB, AbdulAzeez S. Emerging Status of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Fungi in the Arabian Peninsula. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111144. [PMID: 34827138 PMCID: PMC8614875 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The incidence and developing status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi, as well as their related mortality, is reviewed by a systematic published literature search from nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. In order to analyse the emerging status and mortality, a total of 382 research articles were selected from a comprehensive screening of 1705 papers. More than 850 deaths reported since 2010 in the Arabian Peninsula due to the infection of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Multidrug-resistant bacteria Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi Candida auris are the most prevalent and causing high deaths. To control these infections and associated deaths in the Arabian Peninsula, continuous preventive measures, accurate methods for early diagnosis of infection, active surveillance, constant monitoring, developing vaccines, eradicating multidrug resistance modulators, and data sharing among countries are required. Abstract We aimed to identify the prevalence and emerging status of multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi and their associated mortality in nine countries in the Arabian Peninsula. Original research articles and case studies regarding multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula, published during the last 10 years, were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus. A total of 382 studies were included as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as the PRISMA guidelines, from a thorough screening of 1705 articles, in order to analyse the emerging status and mortality. The emerging nature of >120 multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and fungi in the Arabian Peninsula is a serious concern that requires continuous monitoring and immediate preventive measures. More than 50% (n = 453) of multidrug-resistant, microbe-associated mortality (n = 871) in the Arabian Peninsula was due to MDR Acinetobacter baumannii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Overall, a 16.51% mortality was reported among MDR-infected patients in the Arabian Peninsula from the 382 articles of this registered systematic review. MDR A. baumannii (5600 isolates) prevailed in all the nine countries of the Arabian Peninsula and was one of the fastest emerging MDR bacteria with the highest mortality (n = 210). A total of 13,087 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were reported in the region. Candida auris (580 strains) is the most prevalent among the MDR fungal pathogen in the Arabian Peninsula, having caused 54 mortalities. Active surveillance, constant monitoring, the development of a candidate vaccine, an early diagnosis of MDR infection, the elimination of multidrug resistance modulators and uninterrupted preventive measures with enhanced data sharing are mandatory to control MDR infection and associated diseases of the Arabian Peninsula. Accurate and rapid detection methods are needed to differentiate MDR strain from other strains of the species. This review summarises the logical relation, prevalence, emerging status and associated mortality of MDR microbes in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Francis Borgio
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-013-3330864
| | - Alia Saeed Rasdan
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Bayan Sonbol
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Galyah Alhamid
- Department of Epidemic Diseases Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.R.); (B.S.); (G.A.)
| | - Noor B. Almandil
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sayed AbdulAzeez
- Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
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15
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Ammar AM, Abd El-Hamid MI, El-Malt RMS, Azab DS, Albogami S, Al-Sanea MM, Soliman WE, Ghoneim MM, Bendary MM. Molecular Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Multidrug-, Extensively Drug-, and Pan-Drug-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Egypt. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1342. [PMID: 34827280 PMCID: PMC8614916 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, resistant foodborne pathogens, especially of the Campylobacter species, have created several global crises. These crises have been compounded due to the evolution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens and the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pan-drug-resistant (PDR) strains. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the development of resistance and the existence of both XDR and PDR among Campylobacter isolates. Moreover, we explored the use of the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique for the detection of fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant Campylobacter isolates. A total of 120 Campylobacter isolates were identified depending on both phenotypic and genotypic methods. Of note, cefoxitin and imipenem were the most effective drugs against the investigated Campylobacter isolates. Interestingly, the majority of our isolates (75%) were MDR. Unfortunately, both XDR and PDR isolates were detected in our study with prevalence rates of 20.8% and 4.2%, respectively. All FQ-resistant isolates with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 µg/mL were confirmed by the genetic detection of gyrA chromosomal mutation via substitution of threonine at position 86 to isoleucine (Thr-86-to-Ile) using the PCR-RFLP technique. Herein, PCR-RFLP was a more practical and less expensive method used for the detection of FQ resistant isolates. In conclusion, we introduced a fast genetic method for the identification of FQ-resistant isolates to avoid treatment failure through the proper description of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.I.A.E.-H.)
| | - Marwa I. Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (A.M.A.); (M.I.A.E.-H.)
| | - Rania M. S. El-Malt
- Animal Health Research Institute-Agriculture Research Center, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44516, Egypt;
| | - Doaa S. Azab
- Zagazig Veterinary Hospital, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44516, Egypt;
| | - Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wafaa E. Soliman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa 35712, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Al Maarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahmoud M. Bendary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
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16
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Bulajić N, Miljković-Selimović B, Tambur Z, Kocić B, Kalevski K, Aleksić E. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp.: A review of the literature. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021; 69:2021.01544. [PMID: 34735366 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are commensal organisms in the intestinal tract of food producing and companion animals. There is an increasing trend of human campylobacteriosis worldwide, including complicated cases that request treatment by antibiotics. Prevalence of resistance continually increases, especially to fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines. There are many reports on multiresistant strains of Campylobacter spp.In this work we present the available information about the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. worldwide, as well as studies from Serbia published in last two decades. Campylobacter strains isolated from animal samples in Serbia showed increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance to all clinically relevant antibiotics. Preliminary data (2014-2019) from Reference laboratory for Campylobacter and Helicobacter at the Institute of Public Health of Niš, Serbia show high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (90%) and to tetracycline (50%) but low resistance to erythromycin (<5%) in human Campylobacter isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zoran Tambur
- 3Faculty of Stomatology, Pančevo, University Busines Academy in Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Katarina Kalevski
- 3Faculty of Stomatology, Pančevo, University Busines Academy in Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ema Aleksić
- 3Faculty of Stomatology, Pančevo, University Busines Academy in Novi Sad, Serbia
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17
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Habib I, Mohamed MYI, Khan M. Current State of Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria in the Food Chain across the Arab Countries: A Descriptive Review. Foods 2021; 10:2369. [PMID: 34681418 PMCID: PMC8535026 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foodborne infections caused by bacterial pathogens are a common cause of human illness in the Middle East, with a substantial burden of economic loss and public health consequences. This review aims at elucidating recent literature on the prevalence of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), Campylobacter and Listeria monocytogens in the food chain in the Arab countries, and to consolidate available evidence on the public health burden and the status of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among the concerned three pathogens. The reviewed evidence points to a scarcity of understanding of the magnitude of NTS in the food chain in the Arab countries. Additionally, not much work has been done at the molecular characterization level to address the source-attribution of NTS in the Arab World. Very few surveys have been done on Campylobacter in the food chain in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. There is a gap in quantitative (counts/numbers) surveillance efforts for Campylobacter in the chicken meat supply across all Arab countries, despite the availability of some qualitative (presence/absence) surveillance data. While there are several reports on L. monocytogenes in animal-sourced foods, notably in North African Arab countries, fewer are published on L. monocytogenes in plant-sourced foods. Information on the L. monocytogenes serotypes and strain diversity circulating in the Arab region is widely lacking. Antibiotic resistance in the three pathogens is not fully understood across the Arab region, despite some reports indicating varying trends at the human-food interface. The literature evidence presented in this review stresses that Salmonella, Campylobacter and L. monocytogenes continue to challenge food safety and public health in the Arab countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Environmental Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria P.O. Box 21221, Egypt
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mushtaq Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates
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18
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Singh A, Khan A, Ghosh T, Mondal S, Mallick AI. Gut Microbe-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles: A Potential Platform to Control Cecal Load of Campylobacter jejuni. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1186-1199. [PMID: 33724795 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute diarrheal illness and gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni infection remain significant public health risks in developing countries with substantial mortality and morbidity in humans, particularly in children under the age of five. Genetic diversities among Campylobacter jejuni and limited understanding of immunological correlations of host protection remain primary impediments for developing an effective measure to controlCampylobacter infection. Moreover, the lack of a reliable in vivo model to mimic natural infection against Campylobacter jejuni has substantially delayed the vaccine-development process. Given the role of bacterial outer membrane associated proteins in intestinal adherence and invasion as well as modulating dynamic interplay between host and pathogens, bacterial outer-membrane vesicles have emerged as a potential vaccine target against a number of gut pathogens, including Campylobacter jejuni. Here, we describe a mucosal vaccine strategy using chitosan-coated outer-membrane vesicles to induce specific immune responses against Campylobacter jejuni in mice. To overcome the challenges of mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles in terms of exposure to variable pH and risk of enzymatic degradation, we preferentially used chitosan as a nontoxic, mucoadhesive polymer. We show that intragastric delivery of chitosan-coated outer-membrane vesicles imparts significant immune protection against Campylobacter jejuni with high level local and systemic antibody production. Further, immunization with the outer membrane vesicles resulted in potent cellular responses with an increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cell population. Moreover, significant upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-6 gene expression suggests that mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles promotes a Th1/Th2 mixed-type immune response. Together, as an acellular and nonreplicating canonical end product of bacterial secretion, mucosal delivery of outer membrane vesicles may represent a promising platform for developing an effective vaccine againstCampylobacter jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Afruja Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Tamal Ghosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Belgachia, Kolkata, 700037 West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul I. Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Nadia, Mohanpur, 741246 West Bengal, India
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Gahamanyi N, Song DG, Yoon KY, Mboera LEG, Matee MI, Mutangana D, Amachawadi RG, Komba EVG, Pan CH. Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, Virulence Genes, and Genetic Diversity of Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated From a Layer Poultry Farm in Korea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:622275. [PMID: 33859624 PMCID: PMC8043113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.622275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic Campylobacter species are among the major etiologies of bacterial enteritis globally. This study aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles, virulence genes, and genetic diversity of thermophilic Campylobacter species isolated from a layer poultry farm in South Korea. One hundred fifty-three chicken feces were collected from two layer poultry farms in Gangneung, South Korea. The Campylobacter species were isolated by cultural techniques, while PCR and sequencing were used for species confirmation. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for six antimicrobials [ciprofloxacin (CIP), nalidixic acid (NAL), sitafloxacin (SIT), erythromycin (ERY), tetracycline (TET), and gentamicin (GEN)] was carried out by broth microdilution. Three AMR and nine virulence genes were screened by PCR. Genotyping was performed by flaA-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Of the 153 samples, Campylobacter spp. were detected in 55 (35.9%), with Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli being 49 (89.1%) and six (10.9%), respectively. High-level resistance was observed for CIP (100%), NAL (100%), and TET (C. jejuni, 93.9%; C. coli: 83.3%). No resistance was observed for SIT. The missense mutation (C257T) in gyrA gene was confirmed by sequencing, while the tet(O) gene was similar to known sequences in GenBank. The rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains was 8.2%, and they all belonged to C. jejuni. All Campylobacter isolates possessed five virulence genes (cdtB, cstII, flaA, cadF, and dnaJ), but none possessed ggt, while the rates for other genes (csrA, ciaB, and pldA) ranged between 33.3 and 95.9%. The flaA-RFLP yielded 26 flaA types (C. jejuni: 21 and C. coli: five), while the MLST showed 10 sequence types (STs) for C. jejuni and three STs for C. coli, with CC-607 (STs 3611) and CC-460 (ST-460) being predominant. Among the 10 STs of C. jejuni, three were newly assigned. The findings of this study highlight the increased resistance to quinolones and TET, the virulence potential, and the diverse genotypes among Campylobacter strains isolated from the layer poultry farm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Gahamanyi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Kye-Yoon Yoon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Leonard E. G. Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Erick V. G. Komba
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
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