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Vargas-Pinilla P, S Oliveira Fam B, Medina Tavares G, Lima T, Landau L, Paré P, de Cássia Aleixo Tostes R, Pissinatti A, Falótico T, Costa-Neto C, Maestri R, Bortolini MC. From molecular variations to behavioral adaptations: Unveiling adaptive epistasis in primate oxytocin system. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 184:e24947. [PMID: 38783700 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our primary objective was to investigate the variability of oxytocin (OT) and the GAMEN binding motif within the LNPEP oxytocinase in primates. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced the LNPEP segment encompassing the GAMEN motif in 34 Platyrrhini species, with 21 of them also sequenced for the OT gene. Our dataset was supplemented with primate sequences of LNPEP, OT, and the oxytocin receptor (OTR) sourced from public databases. Evolutionary analysis and coevolution predictions were made followed by the macroevolution analysis of relevant amino acids associated with phenotypic traits, such as mating systems, parental care, and litter size. To account for phylogenetic structure, we utilized two distinct statistical tests. Additionally, we calculated binding energies focusing on the interaction between Callithtrix jacchus VAMEN and Pro8OT. RESULTS We identified two novel motifs (AAMEN and VAMEN), challenging the current knowledge of motif conservation in placental mammals. Coevolution analysis demonstrated a correlation between GAMEN, AAMEN, and VAMEN and their corresponding OTs and OTRs. Callithrix jacchus exhibited a higher binding energy between VAMEN and Pro8OT than orthologous molecules found in humans (GAMEN and Leu8OT). DISCUSSION The coevolution of AAMEN and VAMEN with their corresponding OTs and OTRs suggests a functional relationship that could have contributed to specific reproductive and adaptive behaviors, including paternal care, social monogamy, and twin births, prominent traits in Cebidae species, such as marmosets and tamarins. Our findings underscore the coevolution of taxon-specific amino acids among the three studied molecules, shedding light on the oxytocinergic system as an adaptive epistatic repertoire in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Vargas-Pinilla
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Bibiana S Oliveira Fam
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Medicina Genômica, Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Medina Tavares
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaynara Lima
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luane Landau
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Pâmela Paré
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Falótico
- Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Costa-Neto
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renan Maestri
- Laboratório de Ecomorfologia e Macroevolução, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Cátira Bortolini
- Laboratory of Human and Molecular Evolution, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yokus B, Takci A, Ercan N, Em B, Uysal E. Early prognostic markers to predict unsuccessful pregnancy in dairy cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14587. [PMID: 38812420 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate maternal serum levels of some angiogenic factors and certain proteins in dairy cattle for (1) early prediction of unsuccessful fertilization and (2) early detection of possible pregnancy failures (early EM) after positive insemination Serum samples were collected from the same cattle at three distinct time points: 30 days before artificial insemination (B-AI), on the day of artificial insemination (AI), and 30 days after artificial insemination (A-AI). As a result of the pregnancy examination, the cows were divided into two main groups according to whether they were pregnant. The results showed that leucyl/cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) concentration was significantly decreased B-AI and Secreted frizzled-related proteins (SFRP-3), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and LNPEP levels were significantly decreased on day of AI, while PRL level was increased, and these data have prognostic significance as early indicator of the risk of potentially failed pregnancy. Additionally, a significant decrease in LNPEP, SFRP3, and VEGF levels, along with an increase in PRL levels was also observed in A-AI. These results suggest that these biomarkers can be used as a screening test to monitor the course of pregnancy. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF-2), Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), angiopoietin (ANG), Endoglin (ENG), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Inhibine-A (INH-A) and Transforming growth factors-β1 (TGF-β1) between the evaluated periods neither unsuccessful nor the successful pregnancy groups. This is the first study reporting that the maternal serum levels of LNPEP, SFRP3, VEGF, and PRL have important roles in pregnancy success and may indicate whether insemination outcome will be successful B-AI and predict the risk of unsuccessful pregnancy after AI in dairy cattle. The increase in such studies will allow the development of more specific, practical, and applicable markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beran Yokus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Takci
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nazli Ercan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Bernan Em
- Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Ersin Uysal
- School of Technical Sciences, University of Dicle, Diyarbakir, Turkey
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Guleroglu FY, Ozmen AB, Bakirci IT, Dogu SY, Yılmaz I, Cetin A. Fetal pancreas size and maternal serum biomarkers glycated albumin and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase provide no potential for early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2023; 308:1505-1514. [PMID: 36436013 PMCID: PMC9702770 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-022-06860-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to determine the predictive values of fetal pancreas size and maternal serum biomarkers glycated albumin (GA) and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective observational study including 109 pregnant women, the fetal pancreas size and maternal serum biomarkers GA and IRAP were measured at the gestational age of 20-22 weeks and later at the gestational age of 24-28 weeks, in 19 participants of them, GDM was confirmed with the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the fetal pancreas size was measured in all the participants again. RESULTS The median fetal pancreas sizes were significantly higher in women with or without GDM when measured at the 24-28 weeks of pregnancy compared to those at the 20-22 weeks of pregnancy (p < 0.05). At both of the 20-22 and 24-28 weeks of pregnancy, the median values of fetal pancreas sizes in the women with or without GDM were found comparable (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between pregnant women with or without GDM regarding maternal serum biomarkers GA and IRAP (p > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed no meaningful association of study parameters with the development of GDM. CONCLUSION The fetal pancreas size and maternal serum biomarkers GA and IRAP provide no potential for early prediction of GDM at the 20-22 weeks of gestation. Further studies, including serial measurement of these parameters during the second and third trimesters of GDM pregnancies, may clarify their role in the antenatal care of women with GDM. CLINICAL TRIALS NCT05392231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yarsilikal Guleroglu
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aliye Balkan Ozmen
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa City Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Isil Turan Bakirci
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Basaksehir Cam ve Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevilay Yavuz Dogu
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With the Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cetin
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haseki Training and Research Hospital Affiliated With Health Sciences University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Tsujimoto M, Aoki K, Goto Y, Ohnishi A. Molecular and functional diversity of the oxytocinase subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases. J Biochem 2021; 169:409-420. [PMID: 33481005 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The placental leucine aminopeptidase/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 and endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 are part of a distinct subfamily of M1 aminopeptidases termed the 'oxytocinase subfamily'. The subfamily members show molecular diversity due to differential usage of translation initiation sites, alternative splicing and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms. It is becoming evident that, depending on their intracellular or extracellular location, members of the oxytocinase subfamily play important roles in the maintenance of homeostasis, including the regulation of blood pressure, maintenance of normal pregnancy, retention of memory and trimming of antigenic peptides presented to major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, by acting as either aminopeptidases or binding partners of specific functional proteins in the cells. Based on their molecular diversity and moonlighting protein-like properties, it is conceivable that the subfamily members exert pleiotropic effects during evolution, to become important players in the regulation of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Kazuma Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohnishi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8530, Japan
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Nonn O, Fischer C, Geisberger S, El-Heliebi A, Kroneis T, Forstner D, Desoye G, Staff AC, Sugulle M, Dechend R, Pecks U, Kollmann M, Stern C, Cartwright JE, Whitley GS, Thilaganathan B, Wadsack C, Huppertz B, Herse F, Gauster M. Maternal Angiotensin Increases Placental Leptin in Early Gestation via an Alternative Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway: Suggesting a Link to Preeclampsia. Hypertension 2021; 77:1723-1736. [PMID: 33775117 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Nonn
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Berlin Institute of Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (C.F., S.G.)
| | - Sabrina Geisberger
- Berlin Institute of Systems Biology, Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Germany (C.F., S.G.).,Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany (S.G.).,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Amin El-Heliebi
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Kroneis
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Désirée Forstner
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.).,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.)
| | - Meryam Sugulle
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.).,Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (A.C.S., M.S.)
| | - Ralf Dechend
- Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.)
| | - Ulrich Pecks
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany (U.P.)
| | - Martina Kollmann
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Stern
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Judith E Cartwright
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (J.E.C., G.S.W.)
| | - Guy S Whitley
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's, University of London, United Kingdom (J.E.C., G.S.W.)
| | - Basky Thilaganathan
- Fetal Medicine Unit, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom (B.T.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Gottfried Schatz Research Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (G.D., M.K., C.S., C.W.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Florian Herse
- Experimental Clinical Research Centre, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité Berlin, Germany (S.G., R.D., F.H.)
| | - Martin Gauster
- From the Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology (O.N., A.E.-H., T.K., D.F., B.H., M.G.), Medical University of Graz, Austria
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Goto Y, Nakamura TJ, Ogawa K, Hattori A, Tsujimoto M. Reciprocal Expression Patterns of Placental Leucine Aminopeptidase/Insulin-Regulated Aminopeptidase and Vasopressin in the Murine Brain. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:168. [PMID: 32793633 PMCID: PMC7393517 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Placental leucine aminopeptidase/insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (P-LAP/IRAP) regulates vasopressin and oxytocin levels in the brain and peripheral tissues by controlled degradation of these peptides. In this study, we determined the relationship between P-LAP/IRAP and vasopressin levels in subregions of the murine brain. P-LAP/IRAP expression was observed in almost all brain regions. The expression patterns of P-LAP/IRAP and vasopressin indicated that cells expressing one of these protein/peptide were distinct from those expressing the other, although there was significant overlap between the expression regions. In addition, we found reciprocal diurnal rhythm patterns in P-LAP/IRAP and arginine vasopressin (AVP) expression in the hippocampus and pituitary gland. Further, synchronously cultured PC12 cells on treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) showed circadian expression patterns of P-LAP/IRAP and enzymatic activity during 24 h of incubation. Considering that vasopressin is one of the most efficient peptide substrates of P-LAP/IRAP, these results suggest a possible feedback loop between P-LAP/IRAP and vasopressin expression, that regulates the function of these substrate peptides of the enzyme via translocation of P-LAP/IRAP from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane in brain cells. These findings provide novel insights into the functions of P-LAP/IRAP in the brain and suggest the involvement of these peptides in modulation of brain AVP functions in hyperosmolality, memory, learning, and circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
| | - Takahiro J Nakamura
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Ogawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epizootiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan
| | - Akira Hattori
- Department of System Chemotherapy and Molecular Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Tsujimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Nakano, Japan
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Novel high-coverage targeted metabolomics method (SWATHtoMRM) for exploring follicular fluid metabolome alterations in women with recurrent spontaneous abortion undergoing in vitro fertilization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10873. [PMID: 31350457 PMCID: PMC6659694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47370-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of follicular fluid metabolome presents a significant challenge for qualitative and quantitative metabolite profiling, and for discovering the comprehensive biomarkers. In order to address this challenge, a novel SWATHtoMRM metabolomics method was used for providing broad coverage and excellent quantitative capability to discover the human follicular fluid metabolites related to recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) after in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer, and to evaluate their relationship with pregnancy outcome. The follicular fluid samples from the spontaneous abortion group (n = 22) and the control group (n = 22) were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. A novel, high-coverage, targeted metabolomics method (SWATH to MRM) and a targeted metabolomics method were used to find and validate the differential metabolites between the two groups. A total of 18 follicular fluid metabolites, including amino acids, cholesterol, vitamins, fatty acids, cholic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine and other metabolites, were identified. In the RSA group, 8 metabolites, namely dehydroepiandrosterone, lysoPC(16:0), lysoPC(18:2), lysoPC(18:1), lysoPC(18:0), lysoPC(20:5), lysoPC(20:4), and lysoPC(20:3), were up-regulated, and 10 metabolites, namely phenylalanine, linoleate, oleic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lithocholic acid, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, hydroxycholesterol, 13-hydroxy-alpha-tocopherol, leucine, and tryptophan, were down-regulated. These differential metabolites related to RSA may provide a possible diagnostic basis and therapeutic target for RSA, as well as a scientific basis for elucidating the mechanism of RSA.
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Elkins EA, Walti KA, Newberry KE, Lema SC. Identification of an oxytocinase/vasopressinase-like leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) in teleost fish and evidence for hypothalamic mRNA expression linked to behavioral social status. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 250:58-69. [PMID: 28596078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The vasotocin/vasopressin and isotocin/mesotocin/oxytocin family of nonapeptides regulate social behaviors and physiological functions associated with reproductive physiology and osmotic balance. While experimental and correlative studies provide evidence for these nonapeptides as modulators of behavior across all classes of vertebrates, mechanisms for nonapeptide inactivation in regulating these functions have been largely overlooked. Leucyl-cystinyl aminopeptidase (LNPEP) - also known as vasopressinase, oxytocinase, placental leucine aminopeptidase (P-LAP), and insulin-regulated aminopeptidase (IRAP) - is a membrane-bound zinc-dependent metalloexopeptidase enzyme that inactivates vasopressin, oxytocin, and select other cyclic polypeptides. In humans, LNPEP plays a key role in the clearance of oxytocin during pregnancy. However, the evolutionary diversity, expression distribution, and functional roles of LNPEP remain unresolved for other vertebrates. Here, we isolated and sequenced a full-length cDNA encoding a LNPEP-like polypeptide of 1033 amino acids from the ovarian tissue of Amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis. This deduced polypeptide exhibited high amino acid identity to human LNPEP both in the protein's active domain that includes the peptide binding site and zinc cofactor binding motif (53.1% identity), and in an intracellular region that distinguishes LNPEP from other aminopeptidases (70.3% identity). Transcripts encoding this LNPEP enzyme (lnpep) were detected at highest relative abundance in the gonads, hypothalamus, forebrain, optic tectum, gill and skeletal muscle of adult pupfish. Further evaluation of lnpep transcript abundance in the brain of sexually-mature pupfish revealed that lnpep mRNAs were elevated in the hypothalamus of socially subordinate females and males, and at lower abundance in the telencephalon of socially dominant males compared to dominant females. These findings provide evidence of an association between behavioral social status and hypothalamic lnpep transcript abundance and suggest that variation in the rate of VT/IT peptide inactivation by LNPEP may be a contributing component in the mechanism whereby nonapeptides regulate social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma A Elkins
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Kayla A Walti
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Kathryn E Newberry
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA
| | - Sean C Lema
- Biological Sciences Department, Center for Coastal Marine Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
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Debieu S, Romieu A. In situ formation of pyronin dyes for fluorescence protease sensing. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:2575-2584. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A cutting-edge strategy for fluorogenic sensing of proteases (leucine aminopeptidase for the proof of concept) and based on the “covalent-assembly” principle is reported. Non-fluorescent mixed bis-aryl ethers are readily converted into a fluorescent pyronin through a domino process triggered by the peptide bond cleavage event caused by the targeted enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Debieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR 6302
- CNRS
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
| | - Anthony Romieu
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne
- UMR 6302
- CNRS
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté
- 21078 Dijon
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