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Ezeorba TPC, Okeke ES, Nwankwo CE, Emencheta SC, Enochoghene AE, Okeke VC, Ozougwu VEO. Emerging eco-friendly technologies for remediation of Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water and wastewater: A pathway to environmental sustainability. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 364:143168. [PMID: 39181463 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are rampant, toxic contaminants from anthropogenic sources, called forever chemicals for their recalcitrance. Although banned in several parts of the world for public health implications, including liver, kidney, and testicular diseases, PFAS are abundant in water sources due to easy dispersion. With chemical properties resulting from strong hydrophobic bonds, they defile many physicochemical removal methods. Though adsorption processes such as granular activated carbon (GAC) are widely used, they are marred by several limitations, including cost and secondary contamination. Thus, eco-friendly methods involving a synergy of the removal principles have been preferred for ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and near-zero effect on the environment. We present novel eco-friendly methods as the solution to PFAS remediation towards environmental sustainability. Current eco-friendly methods of PFAS removal from water sources, including electrocoagulation, membrane/filtration, adsorption, and phytoremediation methods, were highlighted, although with limitations. Novel eco-friendly methods such as microbial fuel cells, photoelectrical cells, and plasma treatment offer solutions to PFAS remediation and are quite efficient in terms of cost, result, and environmental sustainability. Overall, the successful integration of eco-friendly techniques in a seamless manner ensures the desired result. We also present a balanced position on the ecosystem impact of these ecofriendly methods, noting the successes towards environmental sustainability while exposing the gaps for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chidiebele Emmanuel Nwankwo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stephen Chijioke Emencheta
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | | | - Veronica Chisom Okeke
- Deparment of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Vincent E O Ozougwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
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Hron LMC, Wöckner M, Fuchs V, Fembacher L, Aschenbrenner B, Herr C, Schober W, Heinze S, Völkel W. Monitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in human blood samples collected in three regions with known PFAS releases in the environment and three control regions in South Germany. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03843-x. [PMID: 39167139 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are known as persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals. The present paper describes the analysis of 969 human blood samples collected in South Germany aiming to determine whether there are statistic significant differences in internal PFAS burden between three regions with known PFAS releases in the environment (study regions) and three regions without known PFAS releases in the environment (control regions). Nine environmental relevant PFAS were analyzed, including the perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) substitute 3H-perfluoro-3-[(3-methoxy-propoxy)propanoic acid] ammonium salt (ADONA). We found that concentrations of PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were higher than for all other PFAS in all of the six regions, but all medians of PFOA (between 0.8 and 0.9 ng/ml for the study and control regions) and PFOS (between 1.3 and 1.5 ng/ml for the study regions and between 1.4 and 1.5 ng/ml for the control regions) were below the human biomonitoring values (HBM) I for PFOA (2 ng/ml) und for PFOS (5 ng/ml) derived by the German HBM Commission. Concentrations of ADONA were below the limit of quantification in all samples. Minor differences were observed in PFAS blood levels between study and control regions. Especially for PFOS and PFOA the medians for women are slightly lower compared to men. In summary, individuals living in regions with known environmental PFAS contaminations show no higher internal PFAS exposure to controls and in comparison to other studies in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena M Cursino Hron
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany.
| | - Mandy Wöckner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Veronika Fuchs
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Ludwig Fembacher
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Aschenbrenner
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Herr
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schober
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heinze
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
- Institute and Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Völkel
- Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health Protection and Product Safety, Pfarrstrasse 3, 80538, Munich, Germany
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
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Pineda S, Lignell S, Gyllenhammar I, Lampa E, Benskin JP, Lundh T, Lindh C, Kiviranta H, Glynn A. Socio-demographic inequalities influence differences in the chemical exposome among Swedish adolescents. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 186:108618. [PMID: 38593688 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Relatively little is known about the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the chemical exposome in adolescent populations. This knowledge gap hampers global efforts to meet certain UN sustainability goals. The present work addresses this problem in Swedish adolescents by discerning patterns within the chemical exposome and identify demographic groups susceptible to heightened exposures. Enlisting the Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 (RMA) study population (N = 1082) in human-biomonitoring, and using proportional odds ordinal logistic regression models, we examined the associations between concentrations of a diverse array of substances (N = 63) with the determinants: gender, age, participant/maternal birth country income per capita level, parental education levels, and geographic place of living (longitude/latitude). Participant/maternal birth country exhibited a significant association with the concentrations of 46 substances, followed by gender (N = 41), and longitude (N = 37). Notably, individuals born in high-income countries by high-income country mothers demonstrated substantially higher estimated adjusted means (EAM) concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) compared to those born in low-income countries by low-income country mothers. A reverse trend was observed for cobalt (Co), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), chlorinated pesticides, and phthalate metabolites. Males exhibited higher EAM concentrations of chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), Pb, PCBs, chlorinated pesticides, BFRs and PFASs than females. In contrast, females displayed higher EAM concentrations of Mn, Co, Cd and metabolites of phthalates and phosphorous flame retardants, and phenolic substances. Geographical disparities, indicative of north-to-south or west-to-east substance concentrations gradients, were identified in Sweden. Only a limited number of lifestyle, physiological and dietary factors were identified as possible drivers of demographic inequalities for specific substances. This research underscores birth country, gender, and geographical disparities as contributors to exposure differences among Swedish adolescents. Identifying underlying drivers is crucial to addressing societal inequalities associated with chemical exposure and aligning with UN sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Pineda
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Division of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannu Kiviranta
- Environmental Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang Y, Gao Y, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Chemical contaminants in blood and their implications in chronic diseases. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133511. [PMID: 38262316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Artificial chemical products are widely used and ubiquitous worldwide and pose a threat to the environment and human health. Accumulating epidemiological and toxicological evidence has elucidated the contributions of environmental chemical contaminants to the incidence and development of chronic diseases that have a negative impact on quality of life or may be life-threatening. However, the pathways of exposure to these chemicals and their involvements in chronic diseases remain unclear. We comprehensively reviewed the research progress on the exposure risks of humans to environmental contaminants, their body burden as indicated by blood monitoring, and the correlation of blood chemical contaminants with chronic diseases. After entering the human body through various routes of exposure, environmental contaminants are transported to target organs through blood circulation. The application of the modern analytical techniques based on human plasma or serum specimens is promising for determining the body burden of environmental contaminants, including legacy persistent organic pollutants, emerging pollutants, and inorganic elements. Furthermore, their body burden, as indicated by blood monitoring correlates with the incidence and development of metabolic syndromes, cancers, chronic nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and reproductive disorders. On this basis, we highlight the urgent need for further research on environmental pollution causing health problems in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yurou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310000, PR China
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Oh J, Shin HM, Kannan K, Calafat AM, Schmidt RJ, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Serum of 2 to 5 year-Old Children: Temporal Trends, Determinants, and Correlations with Maternal PFAS Concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58. [PMID: 38335968 PMCID: PMC10882966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Young children may experience higher per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure than adults due to breastfeeding, higher dust ingestion rates, and frequent hand-to-mouth activities. We explored temporal trends and determinants of child serum PFAS concentrations and their correlations with paired maternal PFAS concentrations. From 2009 to 2017, we collected one blood sample from each of 541 children aged 2-5 years participating in the Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) study and quantified 14 PFAS in serum. For nine frequently detected PFAS (>65% of samples), we performed multiple regression adjusting for potential determinants to estimate mean percent concentration changes. For a subset of 327 children, we also quantified nine PFAS in their mother's serum collected at the same visit and computed Spearman correlation coefficients (rsp) between maternal and child PFAS concentrations. During 2009-2017, child serum concentrations of all nine PFAS decreased by 6-25% annually. Several PFAS concentrations were higher among non-Hispanic white children and those with highly educated parents. Most maternal and child PFAS concentrations were moderately correlated (rsp = 0.13-0.39), with a strong correlation for N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamido acetic acid (rsp = 0.68). Breastfeeding duration appeared to contribute to higher child and lower maternal PFAS concentrations, resulting in relatively weak correlations between maternal and child PFAS concentrations for samples collected in early childhood. Considering that more than half of our study children had neurodevelopmental concerns, the generalizability of our findings might be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department
of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division
of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201, United States
- Department
of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York 12222, United States
| | - Antonia M. Calafat
- National
Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30341, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Schmidt
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- University
of California Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 98517, United States
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- University
of California Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental
Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, California 98517, United States
| | - Deborah H. Bennett
- Department
of Public Health Sciences, University of
California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Orasche J, Luschkova D, Traidl-Hoffmann C. [Allergies in the light of global environmental changes]. DERMATOLOGIE (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 75:93-103. [PMID: 38194098 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-023-05287-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase in allergies began worldwide with the onset of the Great Acceleration. Environmental pollution and climate change now threaten to cancel out decades of success in health research. OBJECTIVE A summary of environmental influences is provided, which not only shows the significant increase in the prevalence of allergies worldwide but also that of noncommunicable diseases. The effects of the climate crisis on allergies and the multifactorial and interfunctional relationships with other environmental changes are described in detail. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to obtain an overview of the possible effects of global environmental changes on allergies, a wide range of literature was evaluated and the study results were prepared and summarized. RESULTS A large number of allergens are influencing the human exposome on a daily basis. These allergens are triggered by environmental changes, such as air pollution in the ambient air and indoors, chemicals in everyday objects or residues in food. People are sensitized by the interaction of allergens and pollutants. CONCLUSION The prevalence of allergies is stagnating in industrialized countries. This is probably just the calm before the storm. The accelerating effects of global warming could make pollen and air pollutants even more aggressive in the future. Urgent action is therefore needed to minimize environmental pollution and mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Orasche
- Medizinische Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin, Universität Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - Daria Luschkova
- Medizinische Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin, Universität Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Medizinische Fakultät, Lehrstuhl für Umweltmedizin, Universität Augsburg, Neusässer Str. 47, 86156, Augsburg, Deutschland.
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Bodus B, O'Malley K, Dieter G, Gunawardana C, McDonald W. Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: Antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167195. [PMID: 37777137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Green stormwater infrastructure is a growing management approach to capturing, infiltrating, and treating runoff at the source. However, there are several emerging contaminants for which green stormwater infrastructure has not been explicitly designed to mitigate and for which removal mechanisms are not yet well defined. This is an issue, as there is a growing understanding of the impact of emerging contaminants on human and environmental health. This paper presents a review of five emerging contaminants - antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature - and seeks to improve our understanding of how green stormwater infrastructure is impacted by and can be designed to mitigate these emerging contaminants. To do so, we present a review of the source and transport of these contaminants to green stormwater infrastructure, specific treatment mechanisms within green infrastructure, and design considerations of green stormwater infrastructure that could lead to their removal. In addition, common removal mechanisms across these contaminants and limitations of green infrastructure for contaminant mitigation are discussed. Finally, we present future research directions that can help to advance the use of green infrastructure as a first line of defense for downstream water bodies against emerging contaminants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bodus
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Kassidy O'Malley
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Greg Dieter
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Charitha Gunawardana
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Walter McDonald
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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Hull SD, Deen L, Petersen KU, Jensen TK, Hammer P, Wils RS, Frankel HN, Ostrowski SR, Tøttenborg SS. Time trends in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in the Danish population: A review based on published and newly analyzed data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117036. [PMID: 37659637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent chemicals used in many industries and everyday consumer products and exposure has been linked to several adverse health outcomes. Currently, no systematic monitoring of PFAS levels in the general Danish population has been conducted. OBJECTIVE To study temporal trends of PFAS concentrations in the Danish population. MATERIALS AND METHODS In August 2023, we performed a search for original peer-reviewed reports in PubMed using combinations of search terms for PFAS and Denmark. Reports were included if they comprised a Danish study population and direct measurements of PFAS in serum or plasma samples. Scatter plots of medians presented in the reports were used to visualize time-trends of PFAS concentrations among Danish individuals. RESULTS We included 29 reports based on a total of 18,231 individuals from 19 Danish study populations. A total of 24 PFAS measured in serum or plasma were presented in the reports, the most frequent being PFOS, PFOA, PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHpS, and PFHxS. Median concentrations of PFOS ranged from 4.0 ng/mL to 44.5 ng/mL, PFOA ranged from 0.8 ng/mL to 9.7 ng/mL, while lower concentrations were presented for the other PFAS. Median concentrations of PFOS and PFOA increased from 1988 until the late 1990s followed by a decrease until 2021. A less clear time-trend were observed for the other PFAS. CONCLUSION Blood concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the Danish population have declined substantially from the late 1990s until 2021 reflecting a phase-out of the production and regulation of the use of these PFAS. Time-trends for PFDA, PFNA, PFHpA, PFHpS, and PFHxS were less evident, yet a tendency toward a decline was observed. As only some of the compounds are measured, it is not possible to determine if the decrease in some PFAS is outweighed by an increase in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel Dan Hull
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Laura Deen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kajsa Ugelvig Petersen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Tina Kold Jensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Institute for Public Health, University of Southern, Denmark
| | - Paula Hammer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Occupational and Social Medicine, Holbaek University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Regitze Sølling Wils
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hannah Nørtoft Frankel
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sisse Rye Ostrowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sandra Søgaard Tøttenborg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Adedara IA, Abioye OO, Oyedele GT, Ikeji CN, Afolabi BA, Rocha JBT, Farombi EO. Perfluorooctanoic acid induces behavioral impairment and oxidative injury in Nauphoeta cinerea nymphs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:110340-110351. [PMID: 37783994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a persistent organic contaminant with potential health threats to both animals and humans. However, the impact of PFOA on insects, which play significant roles in ecosystems, is understudied. We evaluated the toxicological impact of ecologically relevant concentrations of PFOA (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg L-1) on Nauphoeta cinerea nymphs following exposure for 42 consecutive days. We analyzed the behavior of the insects with automated video-tracking software and processed the head, midgut, and fat body for biochemical assays. PFOA-exposed insects exhibited significant reductions in locomotory abilities and an increase in freezing time. Furthermore, PFOA exposure reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in the insect head. PFOA exposure increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the head and midgut, but decreased them in the fat body. PFOA also significantly increased glutathione-S transferase activity, while decreasing glutathione levels in the head, midgut, and fat body. Additionally, PFOA exposure increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyl contents in the head, midgut, and fat body of the insects. In conclusion, our findings indicate that PFOA exposure poses an ecological risk to Nauphoeta cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Oluwatoyin O Abioye
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gbemisola T Oyedele
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Cynthia N Ikeji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing A Afolabi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Joao B T Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences (CCNE), Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Hoopmann M, Murawski A, Schümann M, Göen T, Apel P, Vogel N, Kolossa-Gehring M, Röhl C. A revised concept for deriving reference values for internal exposures to chemical substances and its application to population-representative biomonitoring data in German children and adolescents 2014-2017 (GerES V). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 253:114236. [PMID: 37579634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
HBM reference values, in contrast to toxicologically derived values, are statistically derived values that provide information on the exposure of the population. The exceedance frequency (if applicable for individual population groups) is often a first assessment standard for the local exposure situation for municipalities. More than 25 years have passed since the German Human Biomonitoring Commission (HBMC) formulated the first recommendations for the derivation of population-based reference values (HBM reference values, RV95) for substance concentrations based on HBM studies. A fundamental revision is timely, for several reasons. There have been considerable advances in relevant statistical methods, which meant that previously time-consuming and inaccessible procedures and calculations are now widely available. Furthermore, not all steps for the derivation of HBM reference values were clearly elaborated in the first recommendations. With this revision we intended to achieve a rigorous standardization of the entire process of deriving HBM reference values, also to realise a higher degree of transparency. In accordance with established international practice, it is recommended to use the 95th percentile of the reference distribution as the HBM reference value. To this end, the empirical 95th percentile of a suitable sample should be rounded, ensuring that the rounded value is within the two-sided 95% confidence interval of the percentile. All estimates should be based on distribution-free methods, and the confidence interval should be estimated using a bootstrap approach, if possible, according to the BCa ("bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap"). A minimum sample size of 80 observations is considered necessary. The entire procedure ensures that the derived HBM reference value is robust against at least two extreme values and can also be used for underlying mixed distributions. If it is known in advance that certain subgroups (different age groups, smokers, etc.) show differing internal exposures, it is recommended that group-specific HBM reference values should be derived. Especially when the sample sizes for individual subgroups are too small, individual datasets with potential outliers can be excluded in advance to homogenize the reference value population. In the second part, new HBM reference values based on data of the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents (GerES V, 2014-2017) were derived in accordance with the revised recommendations. The GerES V is the most recent population-representative monitoring of human exposure to pollutants in Germany on children and adolescents aged 3-17 years (N = 2294). RV95 for GerES V are reported for four subgroups (males/females and 3-11/12-17 years) for 108 different substances including phthalates and alternative plasticisers, metals, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), parabens, aprotic solvents, chlorophenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and UV filter, in total 135 biomarkers. Algorithms implemented in R were used for the statistics and the determination of the HBM reference values. To facilitate a quality control of the study data, the corresponding R source code is given, together with graphical representations of results. The HBM reference values listed in this article replace earlier RV95 values derived by the HBMC for children and adolescents from data of precedent GerES studies (e.g. published in Apel et al., 2017).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michael Schümann
- Formerly Hamburg Ministry of Health and Consumer Protection, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Petra Apel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Vogel
- German Environment Agency (UBA), 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Röhl
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology for Natural Scientists, Christiana Albertina University Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Environmental Medicine and Toxicology, State Agency for social Services (LAsD) Schleswig-Holstein, Neumünster, Germany.
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11
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Groisman L, Berman T, Quinn A, Pariente G, Rorman E, Karakis I, Gat R, Sarov B, Novack L. Levels of PFAS concentrations in the placenta and pregnancy complications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115165. [PMID: 37348217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research has raised concerns about the potential health effects of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure, particularly during critical periods of development such as pregnancy. In this study, we sought to investigate the presence and potential impacts of PFAS in the placenta. METHODS We measured 13 PFAS compounds in placental tissue samples among 50 women who gave birth at a tertiary medical center in southern Israel. The sample comprised of 10 women with pregnancy-related complications (preterm birth, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes or small-for-gestational age) and 40 women without complications individually matched to cases by age. RESULTS For five (5) out of 13 PFAS compounds (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Perfluorohexanesulphonic acid (PFHxS), Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)) median concentrations were lower or comparable to placental measurements in different international populations. Geometric mean was estimated at 0.09 ng/g (90%CI:0.07;0.10) for PFOA, 0.05 ng/g for PFNA (90%CI:0.04;0.07), 0.03 ng/g for PFDA (90%CI:0.01;0.03), 0.06 ng/g for PFHxS (90%CI:0.05;0.07), 0.23 ng/g for PFOS linear measurement (90%CI:0.20;0.26) and 0.25 ng/g (90%CI:0.22;0.30) for PFOS summed concentrations that included non-linear isomers. Composite outcome of pregnancy-related complications was associated with elevated PFOA placental concentrations at an odds ratio (OR)= 1.82 (90%CI:1.06;3.13) for an increase of one quintile of PFOA value and adjusted to maternal gravidity in a conditional logistic regression. CONCLUSION This pilot study indicates a widespread exposure to multiple PFAS compounds in placental tissue of pregnant women in Israel. These findings warrant further validation through comprehensive national human biomonitoring initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luda Groisman
- National Public Health Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Berman
- Department of Health Promotion, Tel Aviv University, Israel; Department of Environmental Health, Israel Ministry of Health, Israel, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Anna Quinn
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Israel
| | - Gali Pariente
- The Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Israel
| | - Efrat Rorman
- National Public Health Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Isabella Karakis
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Israel; Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Israel Ministry of Health, Israel
| | - Roni Gat
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Israel
| | - Batia Sarov
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Israel
| | - Lena Novack
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Faculty of Health Sciences, Israel; Soroka University Medical Center, Negev Environmental Health Research Institute, Israel.
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12
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Xing Y, Li Y, Sheng N, Yin X, Dai J, Li P, Pan Y. Association between Serum Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Levels and Risk of Central and Peripheral Precocious Puberty in Girls. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37308320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about the endocrine-disrupting effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have raised questions about their potential influence on precocious puberty in girls, which is an emerging concern in some populations. However, epidemiological evidence is lacking. In this study, 882 serum samples were collected from girls with central precocious puberty (CPP, n = 226), peripheral precocious puberty (PPP, n = 316), and healthy controls (n = 340) in 2021 in Shanghai, China. The serum levels of 25 legacy and emerging PFASs and 17 steroids were measured. Results showed that PFAS exposure was positively associated with estradiol levels. Eleven PFASs were significantly or marginally associated with the higher odds of the overall precocious puberty. Across subtypes, PFASs were more clearly associated with PPP, while the associations with CPP were consistent in direction but did not reach statistical significance. These findings were consistent with the assessment of PFAS mixtures using quantile-based g-computation (qgcomp) and Bayesian kernel machine regression, with perfluorobutane sulfonate and 6:2 polyfluorinated ether sulfonate showing the highest contribution to joint effects. Although changes in serum estradiol could arise from various factors, our results suggest that the PFAS exposure may contribute to the increase in estradiol secretion, thereby increasing the risk of precocious puberty, especially PPP. The potential effects of PFASs on precocious puberty warrant further investigation, given the associated complications of public health concern, including psychological distress and increased risk of multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Xing
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Nan Sheng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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13
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Maddalon A, Pierzchalski A, Kretschmer T, Bauer M, Zenclussen AC, Marinovich M, Corsini E, Herberth G. Mixtures of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) reduce the in vitro activation of human T cells and basophils. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 336:139204. [PMID: 37315852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), widely used industrial chemicals, have been in the center of attention because of their omnipotent presence in water and soils worldwide. Although efforts have been made to substitute long-chain PFAS towards safer alternatives, their persistence in humans still leads to exposure to these compounds. PFAS immunotoxicity is poorly understood as no comprehensive analyses on certain immune cell subtypes exist. Furthermore, mainly single entities and not PFAS mixtures have been assessed. In the present study we aimed to investigate the effect of PFAS (short-chain, long-chain and a mixture of both) on the in vitro activation of primary human immune cells. Our results show the ability of PFAS to reduce T cells activation. In particular, exposure to PFAS affected T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, Natural Killer T cells, and Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, as assessed by multi-parameter flow cytometry. Furthermore, the exposure to PFAS reduced the expression of several genes involved in MAIT cells activation, including chemokine receptors, and typical proteins of MAIT cells, such as GZMB, IFNG and TNFSF15 and transcription factors. These changes were mainly induced by the mixture of both short- and long-chain PFAS. In addition, PFAS were able to reduce basophil activation induced by anti-FcεR1α, as assessed by the decreased expression of CD63. Our data clearly show that the exposure of immune cells to a mixture of PFAS at concentrations mimicking real-life human exposure resulted in reduced cell activation and functional changes of primary innate and adaptive human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambra Maddalon
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Arkadiusz Pierzchalski
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Kretschmer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mario Bauer
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana C Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany; Perinatal Immunology Research Group, Medical Faculty, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marina Marinovich
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences 'Rodolfo Paoletti', Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Gunda Herberth
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research -UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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14
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Forthun IH, Roelants M, Haug LS, Knutsen HK, Schell LM, Jugessur A, Bjerknes R, Sabaredzovic A, Bruserud IS, Juliusson PB. Levels of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Norwegian children stratified by age and sex - Data from the Bergen Growth Study 2. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 252:114199. [PMID: 37295275 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Due to the persistence, bioaccumulation and potential adverse health effects, there have been restrictions and phase out in the production of certain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) since the early 2000s. Published serum levels of PFAS during childhood are variable and may reflect the impact of age, sex, sampling year and exposure history. Surveying the concentrations of PFAS in children is vital to provide information regarding exposure during this critical time of development. The aim of the current study was therefore to evaluate serum concentrations of PFAS in Norwegian schoolchildren according to age and sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS Serum samples from 1094 children (645 girls and 449 boys) aged 6-16 years, attending schools in Bergen, Norway, were analyzed for 19 PFAS. The samples were collected in 2016 as part of the Bergen Growth Study 2. Statistical analyses included Student t-test, one-way ANOVA and Spearman's correlation analysis of log-transformed data. RESULTS Of the 19 PFAS examined, 11 were detected in the serum samples. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA) were present in all samples with geometric means of 2.67, 1.35, 0.47 and 0.68 ng/mL, respectively. In total, 203 children (19%) had PFAS levels above the safety limits set by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission. Significantly higher serum concentrations were found in boys compared to girls for PFOS, PFNA, PFHxS and perfluoroheptanesulfonic acid (PFHpS). Furthermore, serum concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS and PFHpS were significantly higher in children under the age of 12 years than in older children. CONCLUSIONS PFAS exposure was widespread in the sample population of Norwegian children analyzed in this study. Approximately one out of five children had PFAS levels above safety limits, indicating a potential risk of negative health effects. The majority of the analyzed PFAS showed higher levels in boys than in girls and decreased serum concentrations with age, which may be explained by changes related to growth and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Halsør Forthun
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Mathieu Roelants
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Line Småstuen Haug
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Center for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helle Katrine Knutsen
- Department of Food Safety, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Center for Sustainable Diets, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lawrence M Schell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Robert Bjerknes
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Ingvild Særvold Bruserud
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Faculty of Health, VID Specialized University, Bergen, Norway
| | - Petur Benedikt Juliusson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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15
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Ubong D, Stewart L, Sepai O, Knudsen LE, Berman T, Reynders H, Van Campenhout K, Katsonouri A, Van Nieuwenhuyse A, Ingelido AM, Castaño A, Pedraza-Díaz S, Eiríksdóttir ÁV, Thomsen C, Hartmann C, Gjorgjev D, De Felip E, Tolonen H, Santonen T, Klanova J, Norström K, Kononenko L, Silva MJ, Uhl M, Kolossa-Gehring M, Apel P, Jõemaa M, Jajcaj M, Estokova M, Luijten M, Lebret E, von Goetz N, Holcer NJ, Probst-Hensch N, Cavaleiro R, Barouki R, Tarroja E, Balčienė RM, Strumylaite L, Latvala S, Namorado S, Szigeti T, Ingi Halldorsson T, Olafsdottir K, Wasowicz W. Application of human biomonitoring data to support policy development, raise awareness and environmental public health protection among countries within the HBM4EU project. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114170. [PMID: 37207539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Most countries have acknowledged the importance of assessing and quantifying their population's internal exposure from chemicals in air, water, soil, food and other consumer products due to the potential health and economic impact. Human biomonitoring (HBM) is a valuable tool which can be used to quantify such exposures and effects. Results from HBM studies can also contribute to improving public health by providing evidence of individuals' internal chemical exposure as well as data to understand the burden of disease and associated costs thereby stimulating the development and implementation of evidence-based policy. To have a holistic view on HBM data utilisation, a multi-case research approach was used to explore the use of HBM data to support national chemical regulations, protect public health and raise awareness among countries participating in the HBM4EU project. The Human Biomonitoring for Europe (HBM4EU) Initiative (https://www.hbm4eu.eu/) is a collaborative effort involving 30 countries, the European Environment Agency (EEA) and the European Commission (contracting authority) to harmonise procedures across Europe and advance research into the understanding of the health impacts of environmental chemical exposure. One of the aims of the project was to use HBM data to support evidence based chemical policy and make this information timely and directly available for policy makers and all partners. The main data source for this article was the narratives collected from 27 countries within the HBM4EU project. The countries (self-selection) were grouped into 3 categories in terms of HBM data usage either for public awareness, policy support or for the establishment HBM programme. Narratives were analysed/summarised using guidelines and templates that focused on ministries involved in or advocating for HBM; steps required to engage policy makers; barriers, drivers and opportunities in developing a HBM programme. The narratives reported the use of HBM data either for raising awareness or addressing environmental/public health issues and policy development. The ministries of Health and Environment were reported to be the most prominent entities advocating for HBM, the involvement of several authorities/institutions in the national hubs was also cited to create an avenue to interact, discuss and gain the attention of policy makers. Participating in European projects and the general population interest in HBM studies were seen as drivers and opportunities in developing HBM programmes. A key barrier that was cited by countries for establishing and sustaining national HBM programmes was funding which is mainly due to the high costs associated with the collection and chemical analysis of human samples. Although challenges and barriers still exist, most countries within Europe were already conversant with the benefits and opportunities of HBM. This article offers important insights into factors associated with the utilisation of HBM data for policy support and public awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dragan Gjorgjev
- Institute of Public Health, Republic of North Macedonia, Macedonia
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Runkel AA, Stajnko A, Snoj Tratnik J, Mazej D, Horvat M, Přibylová P, Kosjek T. Exposure of children and adolescents from Northeastern Slovenia to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 321:138096. [PMID: 36773682 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are of high concern for the environment, wildlife, and human health due to their persistence and potential to cause adverse health effects. Despite political measures to restrict the production and distribution of PFAS and to limit the exposure of populations, PFAS can be measured at commonly high detection frequencies in human samples. Thus, this pilot study aimed to determine the serum concentrations of PFPA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA, PFHxS, PFHpS, PFOS, PFHxA, PFDoDA, and PFBS in 113 girls and 112 boys (age 7-10 and 12-15) from Northeastern Slovenia - a rural area characterized by agricultural activities - and to identify potential sources of exposure using questionnaire data. PFAS were analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after phospholipid removal. 9 out of 12 analytes were detected at detection frequencies above 30%, with the highest geometric means (GM) being observed for PFOS (GM 1.9 ng/mL) > PFOA (GM 1.0 ng/mL) > PFHxS (GM 0.3 ng/mL) = PFNA (GM 0.3 ng/mL). We identified the participants' socio-economic status, age, sex, sampling region, public water supply, and the consumption of fish and seafood, cereals, and locally produced fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms as the predominant determinants of exposure. Furthermore, we compared our results with the serum and plasma concentrations reported for similar age groups in other studies and concluded that PFAS exposure in this highly agricultural area in Slovenia is notably low. This is the first study systematic HBM study of PFAS exposure in Slovenia, although it was conducted on a limited number of participants representative of rural and agricultural areas, it represents a good basis for upgrading the approach to a nationwide HBM study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agneta A Runkel
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anja Stajnko
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janja Snoj Tratnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Mazej
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milena Horvat
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Přibylová
- RECETOX (Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tina Kosjek
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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East A, Dawson DE, Brady S, Vallero DA, Tornero-Velez R. A Scoping Assessment of Implemented Toxicokinetic Models of Per- and Polyfluoro-Alkyl Substances, with a Focus on One-Compartment Models. TOXICS 2023; 11:163. [PMID: 36851038 PMCID: PMC9964825 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Toxicokinetic (TK) models have been used for decades to estimate concentrations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in serum. However, model complexity has varied across studies depending on the application and the state of the science. This scoping effort seeks to systematically map the current landscape of PFAS TK models by categorizing different trends and similarities across model type, PFAS, and use scenario. A literature review using Web of Science and SWIFT-Review was used to identify TK models used for PFAS. The assessment covered publications from 2005-2020. PFOA, the PFAS for which most models were designed, was included in 69 of the 92 papers, followed by PFOS with 60, PFHxS with 22, and PFNA with 15. Only 4 of the 92 papers did not include analysis of PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, or PFHxS. Within the corpus, 50 papers contained a one-compartment model, 17 two-compartment models were found, and 33 used physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBTK) models. The scoping assessment suggests that scientific interest has centered around two chemicals-PFOA and PFOS-and most analyses use one-compartment models in human exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander East
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
- ToxStrategies LLC, 31B College Place, Asheville, NC 28801, USA
| | - Daniel E. Dawson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Sydney Brady
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA
| | - Daniel A. Vallero
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Rogelio Tornero-Velez
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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Liu D, Tang B, Nie S, Zhao N, He L, Cui J, Mao W, Jin H. Distribution of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and their precursors in human blood. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129908. [PMID: 36115093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have examined per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in human blood. However, the distribution of PFASs in human blood remains not well known, especially for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) precursors. In this study, human blood samples (n = 162) were collected from general Chinese population, and then the isomer-specific partitioning of PFASs between human plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) were investigated. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and PFOS were consistently the predominant PFASs in both human plasma and RBCs. In human blood, among C4-C7 perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), the calculated mean mass fraction in plasma (Fp) values increased from 0.76 to 0.82 with the increasing chain length. C7-C13 PFCAs exhibited a trend of gradually decreasing mean Fp with chain length. Among PFAS precursors, 6:2 fluorotelomer phosphate diester had the highest mean Fp value (0.87 ± 0.11). Calculated Fp values of N-methyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide (N-MeFOSA) and N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamide (N-EtFOSA) were 0.66 ± 0.13 and 0.70 ± 0.12, respectively. Individual branched isomers consistently had greater Fp values than their corresponding linear isomers for PFOA, PFHxS, and perfluoroctane sulfonamide. To our knowledge, this study first reports the distribution of N-MeFOSA and N-EtFOSA in human blood, contributing to the better understanding of the occurrence and fate of PFASs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daxi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Saisai Nie
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Nan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China
| | - Li He
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Technology, Hebei University of Science & Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050018, PR China.
| | - Weili Mao
- Department of Pharmacy, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang 324000, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, PR China.
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19
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Oh J, Shin HM, Kannan K, Busgang SA, Schmidt RJ, Schweitzer JB, Hertz-Picciotto I, Bennett DH. Childhood exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and neurodevelopment in the CHARGE case-control study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114322. [PMID: 36108719 PMCID: PMC9976729 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are shown to have neurotoxic effects on animals, but epidemiological evidence for associations between childhood PFAS exposure and neurodevelopment is inconclusive. We examined if childhood PFAS concentrations are associated with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), developmental delay (DD), and other early concerns (OEC) in development. METHODS We included 551 children 2-5 years old from the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment (CHARGE) case-control study. Children were clinically diagnosed and classified as having ASD, DD, OEC, and typical development (TD). Fourteen PFAS were quantified in child serum samples collected when diagnostic assessments were performed. We used multinomial logistic regression models to investigate the cross-sectional associations of individual PFAS concentrations with neurodevelopmental outcomes and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models with repeated holdout validation to investigate the associations with PFAS mixtures. RESULTS Childhood perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was associated with increased odds of ASD (odds ratio [OR] per ln ng/mL increase: 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20, 3.29) and DD (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.84) versus TD. Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) was associated with increased odds of ASD (OR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.21, 2.13). However, perfluroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was associated with decreased odds of ASD (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26, 0.69). From mixture analyses, the WQS index was associated with increased odds of ASD (average OR: 1.57, 5th and 95th percentile: 1.16, 2.13). Child's sex and homeownership modified associations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) with DD and ASD, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In this case-control study, childhood PFOA, PFHpA, and a PFAS mixture was associated with increased odds of ASD, while PFUnDA was associated with decreased odds of ASD. Because we used concurrent measurements of PFAS, our results do not imply causal relationships and thus need to be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Oh
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Hyeong-Moo Shin
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefanie A Busgang
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca J Schmidt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA; UC Davis MIND (Medical Investigations of Neurodevelopmental Disorders) Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah H Bennett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis (UC Davis), Davis, CA, USA
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20
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Nyström J, Benskin JP, Plassmann M, Sandblom O, Glynn A, Lampa E, Gyllenhammar I, Lignell S, Moraeus L. Healthy eating index and diet diversity score as determinants of serum perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) concentrations in a national survey of Swedish adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113170. [PMID: 35339470 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food is an important source of perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) exposure for the general adult population, but few data exist for adolescents. Healthy food habits established during adolescence may positively influence health later in life. Associations between serum PFAA concentrations and a healthy eating index (SHEIA15), as well as a diet diversity score (RADDS), were determined in a nationally representative adolescent population from Sweden (Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-2017, RMA). Using consumption data from food registrations and frequency questionnaires, we additionally analyzed associations with commonly consumed food groups. Associations were analyzed by fitting a cumulative probability model using ordinal regression. Among the seven PFAAs detected in ≥70% of the 1098 participants (age 10-21 years), median concentrations ranged from <1 ng/g serum of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perflurorundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), linear (lin-) perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and branched (br-) perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) to 1-2 ng/g serum of lin-perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and lin-PFOS. PFNA, PFDA, PFUnDA and lin-PFOS concentrations were positively associated with both SHEIA15 and RADDS, a finding most likely driven by higher consumption of seafood. PFDA, PFUnDA and lin-PFOS concentrations were positively related to commonly consumed fish/shellfish groups, such as lean marine fish and shellfish. Inverse associations between PFAA concentrations and dairy consumption suggest an underlying factor behind dairy consumption that similarly affects adolescent exposure to the different PFAAs. Isomeric differences in dietary exposure between lin-PFOS and br-PFOS were suggested, as br-PFOS concentrations, in contrast to lin-PFOS, were not associated with SHEIA15, RADDS and consumption of different food groups. We conclude that Swedish adolescents, adhering to a diverse and healthy diet, appears to be more highly exposed to legacy PFAAs than those eating less healthy. Additional research is necessary for a better understanding of the health implications of healthy eating from a PFAA exposure perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nyström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merle Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Sandblom
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotta Moraeus
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Qu J, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Hu S, Liao K, Zhao M, Wu P, Jin H. Evaluated serum perfluoroalkyl acids and their relationships with the incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in the general population in Hangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119505. [PMID: 35605832 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are widely present in human blood, and have many toxic effects on humans. However, effects of PFAA exposure on the risk of rheumatic immune diseases are limited. In the present study, occurrence of 7 PFAAs, including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoA), and perfluorotrdecanoate (PFTrA), were measured in serum samples from 156 healthy people (controls) and 156 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases living in Hangzhou, China. We also investigated the relationships among cumulative PFAA levels in serum, some immune markers, and the incidence of RA. The results showed that PFOA (6.1 and 11.8 ng/mL) had the highest mean serum concentrations, followed by PFOS (3.2 and 3.4 ng/mL) and PFDA (0.86 and 2.6 ng/mL), in both controls and RA cases. Cumulative exposure to PFOA in the study population were positively correlated with the levels of rheumatoid factors (rs = 0.69, p < 0.01) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (rs = 0.56, p < 0.05). Moreover, significant associations of PFOA concentrations with odds ratios (OR) of RA (OR = 1.998, confidence interval (CI): 1.623, 2.361, p = 0.01) were found by adjusting for various covariates. The crude and adjusted OR for RA was respective 1.385 (95% CI: 1.270, 1.510, p = 0.04) and 1.381 (95% CI: 0.972, 1.658, p = 0.06) for a unit increase in serum PFOS levels, but the adjusted results were not significant. Overall, this case-control study found that human serum PFOA concentrations were positively correlated with RF and ACPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Qu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Shilei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Kaizhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hangbiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China.
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22
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Bil W, Zeilmaker MJ, Bokkers BG. Internal Relative Potency Factors for the Risk Assessment of Mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Human Biomonitoring. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2022; 130:77005. [PMID: 35881550 PMCID: PMC9320915 DOI: 10.1289/ehp10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human biomonitoring, blood is often used as a matrix to measure exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Because the toxicokinetics of a substance (determining the steady-state blood concentration) may affect the toxic potency, the difference in toxicokinetics among PFAS has to be accounted for when blood concentrations are used in mixture risk assessment. OBJECTIVES This research focuses on deriving relative potency factors (RPFs) at the blood serum level. These RPFs can be applied to PFAS concentrations in human blood, thereby facilitating mixture risk assessment with primary input from human biomonitoring studies. METHODS Toxicokinetic models are generated for 10 PFAS to estimate the internal exposure in the male rat at the blood serum level over time. By applying dose-response modeling, these internal exposures are used to derive quantitative internal RPFs based on liver effects. RESULTS Internal RPFs were successfully obtained for nine PFAS. Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA), perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), and hexafluoropropylene oxide-dimer acid (HFPO-DA, or GenX) were found to be more potent than perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) at the blood serum level in terms of relative liver weight increase, whereas perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were found to be less potent. The practical implementation of these internal RPFs is illustrated using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) biomonitoring data of 2017-2018. DISCUSSION It is recommended to assess the health risk resulting from exposure to PFAS as combined, aggregate exposure to the extent feasible. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieneke Bil
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J. Zeilmaker
- Centre for Nutrition, Prevention and Health Services, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Bas G.H. Bokkers
- Centre for Safety of Substances and Products, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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23
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Nyström J, Benskin JP, Plassmann M, Sandblom O, Glynn A, Lampa E, Gyllenhammar I, Moraeus L, Lignell S. Demographic, life-style and physiological determinants of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) concentrations in a national cross-sectional survey of Swedish adolescents. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112674. [PMID: 34998808 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) may affect adolescent health, yet factors related to PFAS concentrations in serum are poorly understood. We studied demographic, life-style and physiological determinants of serum PFAS concentrations in Swedish adolescents from a nation-wide survey, Riksmaten Adolescents 2016-17 (RMA, age 10-21 years, n = 1098). Serum samples were analyzed for 42 PFAS, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The cumulative probability model was used to estimate associations between serum PFAS and determinants, using ordinal logistic regression. Legacy linear (lin-) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononaoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA), lin-perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) and lin-/branched (br-) perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) were quantifiable in ≥70% of the samples. The emerging PFAS 9-chlorohexanedecafluoro-3-oxanone-1-sulfonic acid (9Cl-PF3ONS) was quantified in 5.4% of the samples, suggesting initiation of long-range transport far from production sites. Median concentrations of all legacy PFAS were <2 ng/g serum, with a few participants having very high (>100 ng/g serum) lin-PFHxS and lin-/br-PFOS concentrations due to previous high exposure from PFAS-contaminated drinking water. Legacy PFAS exposure was strongly associated with birth country of the participants and their mothers. 2-fold higher estimated adjusted mean (EAM) concentrations were seen among high income country participants with mothers from high income countries than among low/lower-middle income country participants with mothers from the same category. Menstruating females had lower br-PFOS EAM concentrations than those who were not. Iron status (plasma ferritin) among females may be a marker of intensity of menstrual bleeding, but it was not significantly associated with legacy PFAS concentrations among females. Further studies are needed to determine how physiological changes occurring around menstruation affect the toxicokinetics of PFAS in females. In conclusion, PFAS are pollutants of the industrialized world and some of the identified determinants may be overlooked confounders/effect modifiers that should be included in future PFAS/health studies among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Nyström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jonathan P Benskin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Merle Plassmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oskar Sandblom
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Glynn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik Lampa
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Irina Gyllenhammar
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lotta Moraeus
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sanna Lignell
- Department of Risk and Benefit Assessment, Swedish Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden
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24
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Schoeters G, Verheyen VJ, Colles A, Remy S, Martin LR, Govarts E, Nelen V, Den Hond E, De Decker A, Franken C, Loots I, Coertjens D, Morrens B, Bastiaensen M, Gys C, Malarvannan G, Covaci A, Nawrot T, De Henauw S, Bellemans M, Leermakers M, Van Larebeke N, Baeyens W, Jacobs G, Voorspoels S, Nielsen F, Bruckers L. Internal exposure of Flemish teenagers to environmental pollutants: Results of the Flemish Environment and Health Study 2016-2020 (FLEHS IV). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2022; 242:113972. [PMID: 35453051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Flemish Environment and Health Study (FLEHS) collects information on internal exposure to a broad range of environmental chemicals in the general population in Flanders, the Northern region of Belgium. The aim is to establish biomonitoring exposure distributions for the general population in support of public health and environmental policy, environmental risk assessment and risk management decisions. In 2017-2018, urine and blood samples were collected from 428 teenagers by a stratified clustered two stage randomized design. Samples were analyzed for a broad range of biomarkers related to exposure to chlorinated and newer pesticides, brominated and organophosphate flame retardants (BFR/OPFR), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), bisphenols, phthalates and alternative plasticizers, per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), benzene, metals and trace elements. The geometric mean levels and percentiles of the distribution were estimated for each biomarker, for the whole study population and following stratification for sex, the household educational attainment and the residence area's urbanicity. Geometric means of biomarkers of lead, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PCBs, PAHs, regulated phthalates and bisphenol A (BPA) were lower than in the previous FLEHS cycles. Most biomarker levels were below health-based guidance values (HB-GVs). However, HB-GVs of urinary arsenic, blood lead, blood cadmium, sum of serum perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and the urinary pyrethroid metabolite (3-PBA) were exceeded in respectively 25%, 12%, 39.5%, 10% and 22% of the teenagers. These results suggest that the levels of exposure in the Flemish population to some environmental chemicals might be of concern. At the same time, we noticed that biomarkers for BPA substitutes, metabolites of OPFRs, an expanded list of PFAS, glyphosate and its metabolite could be measured in substantial proportions of participants. Interpretation of these levels in a health-risk context remains uncertain as HB-GVs are lacking. Household educational attainment and residential urbanicity were significant exposure determinants for many biomarkers and could influence specific biomarker levels up to 70% as shown by multiple regression analysis. The research consortium also took care of the broader external communication of results with participants, policy makers, professional groups and civil society organizations. Our study demonstrated that teenagers are exposed to a wide range of chemicals, it demonstrates the success of public policies to reduce exposure but also points to concern and further priorities and needs for follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Schoeters
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - V J Verheyen
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Colles
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - S Remy
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - L Rodriguez Martin
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - E Govarts
- VITO Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - V Nelen
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - E Den Hond
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A De Decker
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - C Franken
- Provincial Institute of Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - I Loots
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - D Coertjens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - B Morrens
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Antwerp, Sint-Jacobstraat 2, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - M Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - C Gys
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - G Malarvannan
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - A Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - T Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan building D, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Bellemans
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - N Van Larebeke
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - W Baeyens
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Jacobs
- VITO GOAL, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - S Voorspoels
- VITO GOAL, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400, Mol, Belgium
| | - F Nielsen
- Institute of Public Health, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - L Bruckers
- BioStat, Data Science Institute, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500, Hasselt, Belgium
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25
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Cao L, Guo Y, Chen Y, Hong J, Wu J, Hangbiao J. Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substance concentrations in human serum and their associations with liver cancer. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134083. [PMID: 35216980 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are widespread in global human blood, and have some toxic effects on liver. However, effects of PFAS exposure on human liver cancer (LC) risk are still not known. In this study, 203 LC patients and 203 controls were recruited, and their serum samples were collected between 2019 and 2021. We determined the residues of 12 PFASs in serum from all participants and quantified their association with LC incidence and tumor markers. PFOS (9.8 ng/mL) had the highest mean concentration in human serum, followed by PFOA (8.3 ng/mL) and 6:2 Cl-PFESA (3.9 ng/mL). We found that concentrations of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA in human serum were significantly correlated with the levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (βPFOS = 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CIPFOS): 0.088, 0.17; β6:2 Cl-PFESA = 0.070, CI6:2 Cl-PFESA: 0.036, 0.10). A positive association of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA with odds ratios (OR) of LC (ORPFOS = 0.609, CIPFOS: 1.179, 4.029, P = 0.001; OR6:2 Cl-PFESA = 1.844, CI6:2 Cl-PFESA: 1.176, 2.512, P = 0.02) were found, after adjusting for different covariates. Moreover, serum PFOA concentrations were associated with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but their correlation with the LC incidence was not statistically significant. This new finding supports the evidence for the positive associations among PFAS exposure, change of specific tumor marker, and LC risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linping Cao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China
| | - Yu Guo
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou) Inc., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311000, PR China
| | - Yuanchen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China
| | - Jiawei Hong
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, PR China.
| | - Jin Hangbiao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310032, PR China.
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Stevenson ED, Kleinman MT, Bai X, Barlaz M, Abraczinskas M, Guidry V, Watson J, Chow J. Critical review on PFOA, kidney cancer, and testicular cancer. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2021; 71:1265-1276. [PMID: 34609253 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2021.1975995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Stevenson
- Department of Meteorology and Measurement, Bay Area Air Quality Management District, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Kleinman
- Air Pollution Health Effects Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xuelien Bai
- Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Morton Barlaz
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, NC, USA
| | - Michael Abraczinskas
- North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality, Division of Air Quality, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Virginia Guidry
- North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services Raleigh, Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, Epidemiology Section, NC, USA
| | | | - Judy Chow
- Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA
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27
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Göckener B, Weber T, Rüdel H, Bücking M, Kolossa-Gehring M. Human biomonitoring of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in German blood plasma samples from 1982 to 2019. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 145:106123. [PMID: 32949877 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The findings of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in humans and the environment all over the world have raised concerns and public awareness for this group of man-made chemicals. In the last three decades, this led to different regulatory restrictions for specific PFAS as well as shifts in the production and usage of these substances. In this study, we analyzed the PFAS levels of 100 human blood plasma samples collected from 2009 to 2019 for the German Environmental Specimen Bank (ESB) to further elucidate the time course of exposure towards this substance group as shown by Schröter-Kermani et al., (2013) with samples from 1982 to 2010. A spectrum of 37 PFAS, including perfluorocarboxylic (PFCA) and -sulfonic acids (PFSA) as well as potential precursors and substitutes like ADONA, GenX or F-53B was analyzed by UHPLC coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Validation was successful for 33 of the substances. The two legacy substances perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) were detected in every sample of the 2009-2019 dataset and showed the highest concentrations with ranges of 0.27-14.0 ng/mL and 1.21-14.1 ng/mL, respectively. A significant portion of total PFOS analytes was present as branched isomers (mean: 34 ± 7%). High detection frequencies of 95% and 82% were also found for perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), respectively, but in lower concentrations (PFHxS: <LOQ - 4.62 ng/mL; PFNA: <LOQ - 3.66 ng/mL) than PFOA and PFOS. Besides other PFCA and PFSA only 8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (8:2 FtS) and N-methyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid were detected in very few samples. In combination with the previous results from 1982 to 2010, declining temporal trends were observed for all PFAS (PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS, and PFOS) frequently detected in the ESB samples. The results of this study indicate a decrease in human exposure to known PFAS in Germany over the last three decades and emphasize the importance of long-term human biomonitoring studies for investigating the effects of chemical regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Göckener
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Till Weber
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), Corrensplatz 1, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Mark Bücking
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; Monash University, School of Chemistry, 13 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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28
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Gehrenkemper L, Simon F, Roesch P, Fischer E, von der Au M, Pfeifer J, Cossmer A, Wittwer P, Vogel C, Simon FG, Meermann B. Determination of organically bound fluorine sum parameters in river water samples-comparison of combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:103-115. [PMID: 33164152 PMCID: PMC8473383 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compare combustion ion chromatography (CIC) and high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) with respect to their applicability for determining organically bound fluorine sum parameters. Extractable (EOF) and adsorbable (AOF) organically bound fluorine as well as total fluorine (TF) were measured in samples from river Spree in Berlin, Germany, to reveal the advantages and disadvantages of the two techniques used as well as the two established fluorine sum parameters AOF and EOF. TF concentrations determined via HR-CS-GFMAS and CIC were comparable between 148 and 270 μg/L. On average, AOF concentrations were higher than EOF concentrations, with AOF making up 0.14–0.81% of TF (determined using CIC) and EOF 0.04–0.28% of TF (determined using HR-CS-GFMAS). The results obtained by the two independent methods were in good agreement. It turned out that HR-CS-GFMAS is a more sensitive and precise method for fluorine analysis compared to CIC. EOF and AOF are comparable tools in risk evaluation for the emerging pollutants per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances; however, EOF is much faster to conduct. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart Gehrenkemper
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Simon
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Roesch
- Division 4.3 - Contaminant Transport and Environmental Technologies, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily Fischer
- Department G2 - Aquatic Chemistry, Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG), Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Marcus von der Au
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pfeifer
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antje Cossmer
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Wittwer
- Division 4.3 - Contaminant Transport and Environmental Technologies, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Vogel
- Division 4.3 - Contaminant Transport and Environmental Technologies, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz-Georg Simon
- Division 4.3 - Contaminant Transport and Environmental Technologies, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Meermann
- Division 1.1 - Inorganic Trace Analysis, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Straße 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany.
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29
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Apel P, Rousselle C, Lange R, Sissoko F, Kolossa-Gehring M, Ougier E. Human biomonitoring initiative (HBM4EU) - Strategy to derive human biomonitoring guidance values (HBM-GVs) for health risk assessment. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2020; 230:113622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2020.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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