1
|
Alsaeed A, Alhaddad MJ, AlKhalaf AA, Alkhudair A, Alqannas N. Successful Treatment of Infective Endocarditis With Oral Antibiotics: A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e43514. [PMID: 37719561 PMCID: PMC10500962 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious and potentially life-threatening infection of the heart valves. It is commonly treated with prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics, and in some cases, surgical intervention may also be necessary. While the use of oral antibiotics in the treatment of IE is generally limited, there are select cases where they may be considered as an alternative treatment option. Here, we report a case of staphylococcal right-sided IE successfully treated with oral antibiotics (linezolid and rifampicin). Our case highlights the potential for oral antibiotics to be used as step-down therapy for select patients with IE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alsaeed
- Infectious Disease, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | | | | | - Ashraf Alkhudair
- Saud Albabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| | - Naif Alqannas
- Saud Albabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li G, Walker MJ, De Oliveira DMP. Vancomycin Resistance in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010024. [PMID: 36677316 PMCID: PMC9866002 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus are both common commensals and major opportunistic human pathogens. In recent decades, these bacteria have acquired broad resistance to several major classes of antibiotics, including commonly employed glycopeptides. Exemplified by resistance to vancomycin, glycopeptide resistance is mediated through intrinsic gene mutations, and/or transferrable van resistance gene cassette-carrying mobile genetic elements. Here, this review will discuss the epidemiology of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus in healthcare, community, and agricultural settings, explore vancomycin resistance in the context of van and non-van mediated resistance development and provide insights into alternative therapeutic approaches aimed at treating drug-resistant Enterococcus and S. aureus infections.
Collapse
|
3
|
Muñoz P, De la Villa S, Martínez-Sellés M, Goenaga MA, Reviejo-Jaka K, Revillas FADL, García-Cuello L, Hidalgo-Tenorio C, Rodríguez-Esteban MA, Antorrena I, Castelo-Corral L, García-Vázquez E, De la Torre J, Bouza E. Linezolid for infective endocarditis: A structured approach based on a national database experience. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27597. [PMID: 34941026 PMCID: PMC8701757 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Current data on the frequency and efficacy of linezolid (LNZ) in infective endocarditis (IE) are based on small retrospective series. We used a national database to evaluate the effectiveness of LNZ in IE.This is a retrospective study of IE patients in the Spanish GAMES database who received LNZ. We defined 3 levels of therapeutic impact: LNZ < 7 days, LNZ high-impact (≥ 7 days, > 50% of the total treatment, and > 50% of the LNZ doses prescribed in the first weeks of treatment), and LNZ ≥ 7 days not fulfilling the high-impact criteria (LNZ-NHI). Effectiveness of LNZ was assessed using propensity score matching and multivariate analysis of high-impact cases in comparison to patients not treated with LNZ from the GAMES database matched for age-adjusted comorbidity Charlson index, heart failure, renal failure, prosthetic and intracardiac IE device, left-sided IE, and Staphylococcus aureus. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality. Secondary outcomes included IE complications and relapses.From 3467 patients included in the GAMES database, 295 (8.5%) received LNZ. After excluding 3 patients, 292 were grouped as follows for the analyses: 99 (33.9%) patients in LNZ < 7 days, 11 (3.7%) in LNZ high-impact, and 178 (61%) in LNZ-NHI. In-hospital mortality was 51.5%, 54.4%, and 19.1% respectively. In the propensity analysis, LNZ high-impact group presented with respect to matched controls not treated with LNZ higher in-hospital mortality (54.5% vs 18.2%, P = .04). The multivariate analysis showed an independent relationship of LNZ use with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 9.06, 95% confidence interval 1.15--71.08, P = .03).Treatment with LNZ is relatively frequent, but most cases do not fulfill our high-impact criteria. Our data suggest that the use of LNZ as definitive treatment in IE may be associated with higher in-hospital mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Muñoz
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - S De la Villa
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-Sellés
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, Universidad Complutense, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Goenaga
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Donosti, San Sebastián
| | - K Reviejo-Jaka
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva. Policlínica-Grupo Quirón Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - F Arnáiz de Las Revillas
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - L García-Cuello
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla. Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - C Hidalgo-Tenorio
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - M A Rodríguez-Esteban
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - I Antorrena
- Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Castelo-Corral
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - E García-Vázquez
- Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas. IMIB. Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - J De la Torre
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas de la Unidad de Medicina Interna. Hospital Costa del Sol, Málaga, Spain
| | - E Bouza
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shariati A, Dadashi M, Moghadam MT, van Belkum A, Yaslianifard S, Darban-Sarokhalil D. Global prevalence and distribution of vancomycin resistant, vancomycin intermediate and heterogeneously vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12689. [PMID: 32728110 PMCID: PMC7391782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) are subject to vancomycin treatment failure. The aim of the present study was to determine their precise prevalence and investigate prevalence variability depending on different years and locations. Several international databases including Medline (PubMed), Embase and Web of Sciences were searched (data from 1997 to 2019) to identify studies that addressed the prevalence of VRSA, VISA and hVISA among human clinical isolates around the world. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression were conducted to indicate potential source of variation. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (version 14.0). Data analysis showed that VRSA, VISA and hVISA isolates were reported in 23, 50 and 82 studies, with an overall prevalence of 1.5% among 5855 S. aureus isolates, 1.7% among 22,277 strains and 4.6% among 47,721 strains, respectively. The overall prevalence of VRSA, VISA, and hVISA before 2010 was 1.2%, 1.2%, and 4%, respectively, while their prevalence after this year has reached 2.4%, 4.3%, and 5.3%. The results of this study showed that the frequency of VRSA, VISA and hVISA after 2010 represent a 2.0, 3.6 and 1.3-fold increase over prior years. In a subgroup analysis of different strain origins, the highest frequency of VRSA (3.6%) and hVISA (5.2%) was encountered in the USA while VISA (2.1%) was more prevalent in Asia. Meta-regression analysis showed significant increasing of VISA prevalence in recent years (p value ≤ 0.05). Based on the results of case reports (which were not included in the calculations mentioned above), the numbers of VRSA, VISA and hVISA isolates were 12, 24 and 14, respectively, among different continents. Since the prevalence of VRSA, VISA and hVISA has been increasing in recent years (especially in the Asian and American continents), rigorous monitoring of vancomycin treatment, it's the therapeutic response and the definition of appropriate control guidelines depending on geographical regions is highly recommended and essential to prevent the further spread of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Non Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Majid Taati Moghadam
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alex van Belkum
- Open Innovation and Partnerships, Route de Port Michaud, 38390, La Balme Les Grottes, France
| | - Somayeh Yaslianifard
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rybak JM, Barber KE, Rybak MJ. Current and prospective treatments for multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:1919-32. [PMID: 23876168 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.820276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. are two of the most common organisms causing nosocomial infections today; and are consistently associated with high mortality rates (approximately 20 and 44%, respectively). Resistance among these pathogens to first line agents such as methicillin and vancomycin continues to rise while isolates with reduced susceptibility to newer agents including linezolid and daptomycin continue to emerge, representing a serious concern for clinicians. AREAS COVERED Mechanisms of action and resistance as well as in vitro and clinical experience in the treatment of resistant staphylococci and enterococci with currently available agents are discussed. Additionally, novel combination regimens showing enhanced efficacy and available data pertaining to prospective therapies including solithromycin, tedizolid, dalbavancin and oritavancin will be covered. EXPERT OPINION With an increase in organisms displaying reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and the associated treatment failures, the significance of alternative therapies such as daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline, and prospective anti-gram-positive agents is on the rise. As our understanding of antimicrobial pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamics principles continues to evolve, the selection of highly effective agents and optimization of dosages may lead to improved patient outcomes and delay the development of resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Rybak
- University of Kentucky HealthCare, Department of Pharmacy , 800 Rose Street Room H110, Lexington KY 40536 , USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang JL, Tang HJ, Hsieh PH, Chiu FY, Chen YH, Chang MC, Huang CT, Liu CP, Lau YJ, Hwang KP, Ko WC, Wang CT, Liu CY, Liu CL, Hsueh PR. Fusidic acid for the treatment of bone and joint infections caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2012; 40:103-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
7
|
Oliveira ACD, Paula AOD. Discontinuation of antimicrobials and costs of treating patients with infection. ACTA PAUL ENFERM 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s0103-21002012000900011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the repercussions of discontinuation the cost with the antimicrobial treatment of patients with bloodstream infection. METHODS: A historical cohort study conducted in the intensive care unit of a hospital in Belo Horizonte (MG). The population included 62 patients with bloodstream infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Data were collected between March/2007 and March/2011 from patients' medical records, Commission of Hospital Infection Control and Sector of Costs, with descriptive and univariate analysis. RESULTS: Colonization was associated with the occurrence of infection with resistant microorganisms (p <0.05). The antimicrobial discontinuation reduced the spectrum of action of the antibiotic prescribed, and the treatment costs (R$ 2,673.12 to R$ 727.03, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The discontinuation of antimicrobials favored the redirection of patient therapy, reducing, where necessary, the spectrum of action of the prescribed antimicrobial and, consequently, the costs of treatment.
Collapse
|