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Żychowska J, Ćmil M, Skórka P, Olejnik-Wojciechowska J, Plewa P, Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Pawlik A. The Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Hepatitis C Infection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:986. [PMID: 39199374 PMCID: PMC11352264 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic virus that can be transmitted through unsafe medical procedures, such as injections, transfusions, and dental treatment. The infection may be self-limiting or manifest as a chronic form that induces liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, or progression into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic mechanisms are major regulators of gene expression. These mechanisms involve DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the activity of non-coding RNAs, which can enhance or suppress gene expression. Abnormal activity or the dysregulated expression of epigenetic molecules plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various pathological disorders, including inflammatory diseases and malignancies. In this review, we summarise the current evidence on epigenetic mechanisms involved in HCV infection and progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Żychowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Maciej Ćmil
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Patryk Skórka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
| | | | - Paulina Plewa
- Institute of Biology, University of Szczecin, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (J.Ż.); (M.Ć.); (P.S.); (E.B.); (K.K.)
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Woo J, Choi Y. Biomarkers in Detection of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Pathogens 2024; 13:331. [PMID: 38668286 PMCID: PMC11054098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects 58 million people worldwide. In the United States, the incidence rate of acute hepatitis C has doubled since 2014; during 2021, this increased to 5% from 2020. Acute hepatitis C is defined by any symptom of acute viral hepatitis plus either jaundice or elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity with the detection of HCV RNA, the anti-HCV antibody, or hepatitis C virus antigen(s). However, most patients with acute infection are asymptomatic. In addition, ALT activity and HCV RNA levels can fluctuate, and a delayed detection of the anti-HCV antibody can occur among some immunocompromised persons with HCV infection. The detection of specific biomarkers can be of great value in the early detection of HCV infection at an asymptomatic stage. The high rate of HCV replication (which is approximately 1010 to 1012 virions per day) and the lack of proofreading by the viral RNA polymerase leads to enormous genetic diversity, creating a major challenge for the host immune response. This broad genetic diversity contributes to the likelihood of developing chronic infection, thus leading to the development of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapies for HCV infection are highly effective with a cure rate of up to 99%. At the same time, many patients with HCV infection are unaware of their infection status because of the mostly asymptomatic nature of hepatitis C, so they remain undiagnosed until the liver damage has advanced. Molecular mechanisms induced by HCV have been intensely investigated to find biomarkers for diagnosing the acute and chronic phases of the infection. However, there are no clinically verified biomarkers for patients with hepatitis C. In this review, we discuss the biomarkers that can differentiate acute from chronic hepatitis C, and we summarize the current state of the literature on the useful biomarkers that are detectable during acute and chronic HCV infection, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youkyung Choi
- Division of Viral Hepatitis, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, USA;
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Mead EA, Wang Y, Patel S, Thekkumthala AP, Kepich R, Benn-Hirsch E, Lee V, Basaly A, Bergeson S, Siegelmann HT, Pietrzykowski AZ. miR-9 utilizes precursor pathways in adaptation to alcohol in mouse striatal neurons. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11323. [PMID: 38116240 PMCID: PMC10730111 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
microRNA-9 (miR-9) is one of the most abundant microRNAs in the mammalian brain, essential for its development and normal function. In neurons, it regulates the expression of several key molecules, ranging from ion channels to enzymes, to transcription factors broadly affecting the expression of many genes. The neuronal effects of alcohol, one of the most abused drugs in the world, seem to be at least partially dependent on regulating the expression of miR-9. We previously observed that molecular mechanisms of the development of alcohol tolerance are miR-9 dependent. Since a critical feature of alcohol action is temporal exposure to the drug, we decided to better understand the time dependence of alcohol regulation of miR-9 biogenesis and expression. We measured the effect of intoxicating concentration of alcohol (20 mM ethanol) on the expression of all major elements of miR-9 biogenesis: three pri-precursors (pri-mir-9-1, pri-mir-9-2, pri-mir-9-3), three pre-precursors (pre-mir-9-1, pre-mir-9-2, pre-mir-9-3), and two mature microRNAs: miR-9-5p and miR-9-3p, using digital PCR and RT-qPCR, and murine primary medium spiny neurons (MSN) cultures. We subjected the neurons to alcohol based on an exposure/withdrawal matrix of different exposure times (from 15 min to 24 h) followed by different withdrawal times (from 0 h to 24 h). We observed that a short exposure increased mature miR-9-5p expression, which was followed by a gradual decrease and subsequent increase of the expression, returning to pre-exposure levels within 24 h. Temporal changes of miR-9-3p expression were complementing miR-9-5p changes. Interestingly, an extended, continuous presence of the drug caused a similar pattern. These results suggest the presence of the adaptive mechanisms of miR-9 expression in the presence and absence of alcohol. Measurement of miR-9 pre- and pri-precursors showed further that the primary effect of alcohol on miR-9 is through the mir-9-2 precursor pathway with a smaller contribution of mir-9-1 and mir-9-3 precursors. Our results provide new insight into the adaptive mechanisms of neurons to alcohol exposure. It would be of interest to determine next which microRNA-based mechanisms are involved in a transition from the acute, intoxicating effects of alcohol to the chronic, addictive effects of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Andrew Mead
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Yongping Wang
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Sunali Patel
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Austin, TX, United States
| | - Austin P. Thekkumthala
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Rebecca Kepich
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Elizabeth Benn-Hirsch
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Victoria Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Azra Basaly
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Susan Bergeson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Hava T. Siegelmann
- Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Biologically Inspired Neural & Dynamical Systems Laboratory, The Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Andrzej Zbigniew Pietrzykowski
- Laboratory of Adaptation, Reward and Addiction, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Godakumara K, Heath PR, Fazeli A. Rhythm of the First Language: Dynamics of Extracellular Vesicle-Based Embryo-Maternal Communication in the Pre-Implantation Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076811. [PMID: 37047784 PMCID: PMC10095160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most critical steps in mammalian reproduction is implantation. Embryos with an impaired capacity for embryo-maternal crosstalk are thought to have a reduced potential for implantation. One agent of embryo-maternal communication is extracellular vesicles (EV). EVs are lipid bilayer-bound biological nanoparticles implicated in intercellular communication between many of the known cell types. In the current study, we isolated EVs from trophoblast analogue JAr spheroids and supplemented the EVs with receptive endometrium analogue RL95-2 cells to simulate pre-implantation embryo-maternal dialogue. The transcriptome of the endometrial cells was examined at 30 min, 4 h and 48 h intervals using Oxford Nanopore® technology. At the time points, 30 min, 4 h and 48 h, the endometrial cells showed a significantly altered transcriptome. It seems trophoblast EVs induce a swift and drastic effect on the endometrial transcriptome. The effect peaks at around 4 h of EV supplementation, indicating a generalized effect on cell physiology. Alterations are especially apparent in biological pathways critical to embryonic implantation, such as extracellular matrix-receptor interactions and cytokine-receptor interactions. These observations can be helpful in elucidating the dynamics of embryo-maternal communication in the pre-implantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Paul R Heath
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITRAN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Rd., Broomhall, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 14B Ravila, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Academic Unit of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
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Hassuna NA, Gamil AN, Mahmoud MS, Mohamed WK, Khairy R. Circulating microRNAs as predictors of response to sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin in in HCV genotype-4 Egyptian patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:499. [PMID: 36463118 PMCID: PMC9719120 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in various diseases, including HCV infection, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential use of serum miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of responses to direct acting antivirals (sofosbuvir + daclatasvir + ribavirin) in HCV-4 patients. METHODS The serum expression profiles of four liver-associated miRNAs (miRNA-122, 155, 196 and 29) were assessed in 160 HCV-4 patients and 50 healthy controls using real-time PCR prior to therapy. RESULTS miR-122 and miR-155 showed upregulation in HCV-4 patients compared to healthy controls while miR-196 and miR-29 showed downregulation in HCV-4 patients. ROC curve analyses revealed that the four-studied miRNAs could be valuable biomarkers for predicting response to DAAs with AUC 0.973 for miR-122, 0.878 for miR-155, 0.808 for miR-29 and 0.874 for miR-196 respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that miR-196 level is positive predictor for SVR, whereas miR-122,155 levels are negative predictors of response. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that miR-196 is the most significant in predicting response to treatment (p value = 0.011). CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, the current study provided the first clinical evidence of the potential use of circulating miRNAs (miR; 122, 155, 196 and 29) as biomarkers of CHC in HCV-4 patients receiving the new DAA regimen (SOF/DAV + RIB), which is a strong motivator for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Anwar Hassuna
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Aya Nabil Gamil
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shokry Mahmoud
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Wafaa Khairy Mohamed
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Rasha Khairy
- grid.411806.a0000 0000 8999 4945Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Circulating MicroRNA-122 as a Potential Biomarker for Hepatitis C Virus Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-131221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: The microRNA (miRNA) mediated translational repression can cause various diseases in humans. The liver-specific miRNA (microRNA-122 (miR-122)) is primarily involved in tissue tropism during hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection which ultimately leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Objectives: This study focuses on evaluating host serum miR-122 as a prognostic marker in HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Evaluation of miR-122 expression was carried out by quantitative real time PCR. Results: Positive expression of miR-122 was observed in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) followed by HCC patients compared to healthy controls. A difference in median levels of the miR-122 expression in CHC and HCC patients (P < 0.000) was found in contrast to cirrhosis patients (P = 0.511). The serum miR-122 expression was found threefold higher in liver cirrhosis patients than chronic hepatitis. Further, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) analysis of miR-122 expression profile can efficiently distinguish CHC patients (AUROC = 0.978, P = 0.000, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.958 to 0.998) and HCC from healthy controls (AUROC = 0.971, P = 0.000, 95% CI = 0.944 to 0.997). Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis significantly distinguished between CHC patients from cirrhosis patients (AUROC = 0.955, P = 0.000, 95% CI = 0.925 to 0.986) but not CHC from HCC patients (AUROC = 0.584, P = 0.104, 95% CI = 0.485 to 0.684). This study revealed a substantial correlation of miR-122 with HCV viral load (r = 0.56, P = 0.000), ALT (r = 0.67, P = 0.000) and AST (r = 0.65, P = 0.000) levels. Conclusions: Serum miR-122 can potentially serve as a promising prognostic tool for HCV induced HCC.
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Gaber DA, Shaker O, Younis AT, El-Kassas M. LncRNA HULC and miR-122 Expression Pattern in HCC-Related HCV Egyptian Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091669. [PMID: 36140836 PMCID: PMC9498747 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly prevalent malignancy. It is a common type of cancer in Egypt due to chronic virus C infection (HCV). Currently, the frequently used lab test is serum α-fetoprotein. However, its diagnostic value is challenging due to its low sensitivity and specificity. Genetic biomarkers have recently provided new insights for cancer diagnostics. Herein, we quantified Lnc HULC and miR-122 gene expression to test their potential in diagnosis. Both biomarkers were tested in the sera of 60 HCC patients and 60 with chronic HCV using real-time RT-PCR. miR-122 was highly expressed in HCV patients with a significant difference from the HCC group (p = 0.004), which points towards its role in prognosis value as a predictor of HCC in patients with chronic HCV. HULC was more highly expressed in HCC patients than in the HCV group (p = 0.018), indicating its potential use in screening and the early diagnosis of HCC. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed their reliable sensitivity and specificity. Our results reveal that miR-122 can act as a prognostic tool for patients with chronic HCV. Furthermore, it is an early predictor of HCC. LncRNA HULC can be used as an early diagnostic tool for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Gaber
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
- College of Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman 4184, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-10-050-00697
| | - Olfat Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11956, Egypt
| | - Alaa Tarek Younis
- Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Kassas
- Endemic Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
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Czaja AJ. Examining micro-ribonucleic acids as diagnostic and therapeutic prospects in autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2022; 18:591-607. [PMID: 35510750 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2074839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Micro-ribonucleic acids modulate the immune response by affecting the post-transcriptional expression of genes that influence the proliferation and function of activated immune cells, including regulatory T cells. Individual expressions or patterns in peripheral blood and liver tissue may have diagnostic value, reflect treatment response, or become therapeutic targets. The goals of this review are to present the properties and actions of micro-ribonucleic acids, indicate the key individual expressions in autoimmune hepatitis, and describe prospective clinical applications in diagnosis and management. AREAS COVERED Abstracts were identified in PubMed using the search words "microRNAs", "microRNAs in liver disease", and "microRNAs in autoimmune hepatitis". The number of abstracts reviewed exceeded 2000, and the number of full-length articles reviewed was 108. EXPERT OPINION Individual micro-ribonucleic acids, miR-21, miR-122, and miR-155, have been associated with biochemical severity, histological grade of inflammation, and pivotal pathogenic mechanisms in autoimmune hepatitis. Antisense oligonucleotides that down-regulate deleterious individual gene expressions, engineered molecules that impair targeting of gene products, and drugs that non-selectively up-regulate the biogenesis of potentially deficient gene regulators are feasible treatment options. Micro-ribonucleic acids constitute an under-evaluated area in autoimmune hepatitis that promises to improve diagnosis, pathogenic concepts, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Lee HM, Wong WKK, Fan B, Lau ES, Hou Y, O CK, Luk AOY, Chow EYK, Ma RCW, Chan JCN, Kong APS. Detection of increased serum miR-122-5p and miR-455-3p levels before the clinical diagnosis of liver cancer in people with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23756. [PMID: 34887498 PMCID: PMC8660865 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03222-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have increased cancer risk. Liver cancer (LC) has a high prevalence in East Asia and is one of the leading causes of cancer death globally. Diagnosis of LC at early stage carries good prognosis. We used stored serum from patients of Hong Kong Diabetes Register before cancer diagnosis to extract RNA to screen for microRNA markers for early detection of LC in T2D. After screening with Affymetrix GeneChip microarray with serum RNA from 19 incident T2D LC (T2D-LC), 20 T2D cancer free (T2D-CF) and 20 non-T2D non-cancer patients, top signals were validated in a 3-group comparison including 1888 T2D-CF, 127 T2D-LC, and 487 T2D patients with non-liver cancer patients using qPCR. We detected 2.55-fold increase in miR-122-5p and 9.21-fold increase in miR-455-3p in the T2D-LC group. Using ROC analysis, miR-122-5p and miR-455-3p jointly predicted LC with an area under the curve of 0.770. After adjustment for confounders, each unit increase of miR-455-3p increased the odds ratio for liver cancer by 1.022. Increased serum levels of miR-122-5p and miR-455-3p were independently associated with increased risk of incident LC in T2D and may serve as potential biomarkers for early detection of LC in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Willy Kwun Kiu Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Baoqi Fan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric Siu Lau
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kwan O
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrea On Yan Luk
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Elaine Yee Kwan Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronald Ching Wan Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Juliana Chung Ngor Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China.,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Alice Pik Shan Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Elabd NS, Tayel SI, Elhamouly MS, Hassanein SA, Kamaleldeen SM, Ahmed FE, Rizk M, Gadallah AA, Ajlan SE, Sief AS. Evaluation of MicroRNA-122 as a Biomarker for Chronic Hepatitis C Infection and as a Predictor for Treatment Response to Direct-Acting Antivirals. Hepat Med 2021; 13:9-23. [PMID: 33758557 PMCID: PMC7979684 DOI: 10.2147/hmer.s292251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment response to antiviral drugs is a challenging issue in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although microRNA-122 represents the majority of the microRNA content in hepatic tissues, few studies have evaluated its role in the treatment response, so we aimed to study its role in chronic HCV patients and in predicting the treatment response to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Methods The study included 125 chronic HCV patients (89 naïve and 36 with a prior failed peginterferon/ribavirin response) and 50 apparently healthy subjects. Complete blood count, liver function, α-fetoprotein, lipid profiles, serum creatinine, abdominal ultrasound, and FibroScan® were assessed. Viral markers, HCV antibodies, and hepatitis B surface antigen were measured by enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay, with quantitative estimation of HCV RNA and microRNA-122 levels by real-time PCR. Results The microRNA-122 level in HCV patients (those with a sustained virologic response 12 weeks after finishing therapy [SVR12] and non-responders) was significantly increased compared with controls and expressed more in non-responders versus SVR12 (p=0.042). ROC curve analysis of microRNA-122 for differentiating HCV patients from healthy controls revealed that a cut-off point of >1.45 had a sensitivity of 67.20%, specificity of 94.0%, AUC=0.861, and p<0.001; and for predicting response to treatment a cut-off point ≤5.66 could significantly (p=0.022) predict the occurrence of SVR, with a sensitivity of 60.34%, specificity of 66.67%, and AUC=0.729. Logistic regression analysis showed significant values for microRNA-122 in multivariate and univariate analysis for the prediction of response to DAAs. Conclusion The results demonstrated the possible function of microRNA-122 as an indicative tool for distinguishing chronic HCV patients from controls and in the assessment of the therapeutic reaction to DAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa S Elabd
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Safaa I Tayel
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Moamena S Elhamouly
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Hassanein
- Diagnostic Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Samar M Kamaleldeen
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Fatma E Ahmed
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rizk
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Abdelnaser A Gadallah
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Soma E Ajlan
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Sief
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology Department, Shebin Elkom Teaching Hospital, Menoufia, Egypt
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11
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Vyas HS, Upadhyay KK, Devkar RV. miRNAs Signatures In Patients With Acute Liver Injury: Clinical Concerns and Correlations. Curr Mol Med 2019; 20:325-335. [PMID: 31823701 DOI: 10.2174/1566524020666191211153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs can be highly exploited for their biological significance in living systems. miRNAs are in the upstream position of cellular regulation cascade and hold merit in its state. A plethora of information is available on a wide variety of miRNAs that undergo alterations in experimentally induced models of liver injuries. The underlying mechanisms governed by these miRNAs have been inferred through cellbased experiments but the scientific knowledge on miRNA signatures in patients with liver injury are primordial and lack scientific clarity. Hence, it is crucial to get insight into the status and synergy of miRNAs in patients, with varying degrees of acute toxic manifestations in the liver. Though some miRNAs are being investigated in clinical trials, a major research lacuna exists with regard to the functional role of other miRNAs in liver diseases. This review article is a meticulous compilation of disease based or drug/alcohol based acute liver injuries in patients and resultant alteration in their miRNA profile. Investigative reports on underlying miRNA-liver crosstalk in cell-based or murine models are also discussed herein to draw a correlation with clinical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitarthi S Vyas
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Kapil K Upadhyay
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
| | - Ranjitsinh V Devkar
- Division of Metabolic Endocrinology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat 390002, India
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12
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Es-Haghi M, Godakumara K, Häling A, Lättekivi F, Lavrits A, Viil J, Andronowska A, Nafee T, James V, Jaakma Ü, Salumets A, Fazeli A. Specific trophoblast transcripts transferred by extracellular vesicles affect gene expression in endometrial epithelial cells and may have a role in embryo-maternal crosstalk. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:146. [PMID: 31727082 PMCID: PMC6854687 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0448-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful establishment of pregnancy hinges on appropriate communication between the embryo and the uterus prior to implantation, but the nature of this communication remains poorly understood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the endometrium is receptive to embryo-derived signals in the form of RNA. Methods We have utilized a non-contact co culture system to simulate the conditions of pre implantation environment of the uterus. We bioorthogonally tagged embryonic RNA and tracked the transferred transcripts to endometrium. Transferred transcripts were separated from endometrial transcripts and sequenced. Changes in endometrial transcripts were quantified using quantitative PCR. Results We show that three specific transcripts are transferred to endometrial cells. We subsequently demonstrate a role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this process, as EVs obtained from cultured trophoblast spheroids incubated with endometrial cells induced down-regulation of all the three identified transcripts in endometrial cells. Finally, we show that EVs/nanoparticles captured from conditioned culture media of viable embryos as opposed to degenerating embryos induce ZNF81 down-regulation in endometrial cells, hinting at the functional importance of this intercellular communication. Conclusion Ultimately, our findings demonstrate the existence of an RNA-based communication which may be of critical importance for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Es-Haghi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Häling
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Freddy Lättekivi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Arina Lavrits
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Janeli Viil
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Department of Hormonal Action Mechanisms, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tamer Nafee
- Academic unit of reproductive and developmental medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Ülle Jaakma
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tartu University, Tartu, Estonia. .,Academic unit of reproductive and developmental medicine, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
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13
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Krepelkova I, Mrackova T, Izakova J, Dvorakova B, Chalupova L, Mikulik R, Slaby O, Bartos M, Ruzicka V. Evaluation of miRNA detection methods for the analytical characteristic necessary for clinical utilization. Biotechniques 2019; 66:277-284. [PMID: 31124705 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2019-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs are promising biomarkers but methods for their measurement are not clear. We therefore examined three miRNA detection technologies and considered the analytical characteristics essential for clinical utilization. TaqMan assays, SplintR-qPCR and miREIA were compared for their absolute quantification bias, conformity and robustness. Absolute concentrations of miR-142-5p, miR-23a-3p and miR-93-5p were measured with all three methods using 30 samples. Robustness was evaluated by measurement of miR-21-5p in five uniform experiments. Correlations were miRNA-specific, but we observed a different absolute concentration range in RT-qPCR (fmol/μl) and methods evading the RT process (amol/μl). Consistently, RT-less methods reported better robustness (CV 8-19%) than RT-qPCR (CV 39-50%). The calibration curve in TaqMan Advanced assay was influenced by dilution media. Methods avoiding RT seem to be a promising future alternative for miRNA measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Krepelkova
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,BioVendor - Laboratorní medicína a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Mrackova
- BioVendor - Laboratorní medicína a.s., Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Izakova
- BioVendor - Laboratorní medicína a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Robert Mikulik
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center (FNUSA-ICRC), Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Neurology, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Bartos
- BioVendor - Laboratorní medicína a.s., Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Ruzicka
- BioVendor - Laboratorní medicína a.s., Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Bao F, Slusher AL, Whitehurst M, Huang CJ. Circulating microRNAs are upregulated following acute aerobic exercise in obese individuals. Physiol Behav 2018; 197:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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15
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El-Hefny M, Fouad S, Hussein T, Abdel-Hameed R, Effat H, Mohamed H, Abdel Wahab AH. Circulating microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for liver disease progression of chronic hepatitis C (genotype-4) Egyptian patients. J Med Virol 2018; 91:93-101. [PMID: 30133717 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Egypt is one of the highest prevalence rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide. HCV is among major reasons for chronic liver diseases. MicroRNA (miRNAs), small noncoding regulatory molecules play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver. Circulating miRNAs represent potential noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring patients with liver diseases progression. To investigate the potential role of circulating miRNAs for surveillance of liver disease progression, we assessed the expression of 20 liver-related miRNAs in sera of 47 chronic hepatitis C Egyptian patients compared with 25 controls using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The correlations between their levels and the clinicopathological features were assessed. Fourteen miRNAs showed upregulation and six miRNAs showed downregulation. ROC curve analyses revealed that the explored miRNAs could serve as valuable biomarkers for chronic hepatitis with an area under the curve ranged from 0.708 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.587 to 0.829; P = 0.004) for miR-199 up to 0.974 (95% CI, 0.943 to 1.00; P < 0.001) for miR-23b. The expression level of miR-21 demonstrated significant correlation with age, liver enzymes, ALT/AST, and α-fetoprotein level. AST level was directly correlated with miR-122, while an inversely correlated with miR-23b. Fibrosis and steatosis stages possessed positive correlation with miR-199 expression and negative correlation with miR-27a and miR-93. In conclusion, miR-23b and miR-106 might be a useful biomarker for chronic hepatitis C (CHC). MiR-27a, miR-93, and miR-199 might have a potential role in the progression of liver diseases. Unravel the role of these miRNAs in CHC patients might lead to precise prognosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Hefny
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shawky Fouad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hussein
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab Abdel-Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Effat
- Department of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Haitham Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Amaral AED, Rode MP, Cisilotto J, Silva TED, Fischer J, Matiollo C, Morais Rateke ECD, Narciso-Schiavon JL, Schiavon LL, Creczynski-Pasa TB. MicroRNA profiles in serum samples from patients with stable cirrhosis and miRNA-21 as a predictor of transplant-free survival. Pharmacol Res 2018; 134:179-192. [PMID: 29935272 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have remarkable potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers because of their roles in disease pathogenesis. miRNAs can be released into the bloodstream, where they are sufficiently stable to be detected noninvasively. Here, we prospectively evaluated serum levels of miR-21, miR-34a, miR-122, miR-181b, and miR-885-5p in patients with stable cirrhosis. Total RNA was extracted from the sera of patients with cirrhosis and healthy individuals, and the expression levels of the target miRNAs were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum miRNAs levels were correlated with liver function parameters, etiology, and complications of cirrhosis. Circulating miR-34a, miR-122, and miR-885-5p levels were higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy individuals. These miRNAs were positively correlated with alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, and the relative expression levels were higher in hepatitis C virus-infected patients and lower in patients with Child-Pugh C cirrhosis. miR-122 and miR-885-5p levels were also positively correlated with γ-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations. miR-21 was associated with transplant-free survival in univariate Cox regression analysis and remained independently associated with survival after adjustment for age, Child-Pugh classification, Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, and history of previous decompensation in multivariate Cox regression analysis. These data suggested that miR-34a, miR-122, and miR-885-5p levels may be more related to the inflammatory process and ongoing hepatocyte damage in patients with cirrhosis. Moreover, miR-21 levels were independently associated with shorter transplant-free survival and may be used as a prognostic tool in outpatients with stable cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Evangelista do Amaral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianopolis 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
| | - Michele Patrícia Rode
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianopolis 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
| | - Julia Cisilotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianopolis 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
| | - Telma Erotides da Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil.
| | - Josiane Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil.
| | - Camila Matiollo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil.
| | - Elayne Cristina de Morais Rateke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil.
| | - Janaína Luz Narciso-Schiavon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Lucca Schiavon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, Florianopolis 88036-800, SC, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, Florianopolis 88040-370, SC, Brazil.
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17
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Czaja AJ. Emerging therapeutic biomarkers of autoimmune hepatitis and their impact on current and future management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018. [PMID: 29540068 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1453356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis lacks a quantifiable biomarker that is close to its pathogenic mechanisms and that accurately reflects inflammatory activity, correlates with treatment response, and ensures inactive disease before treatment withdrawal. Areas covered: Micro-ribonucleic acids, programmed death-1 protein and its ligands, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, soluble CD163, B cell activating factor, and metabolite patterns in blood were considered the leading candidates as therapeutic biomarkers after search of PubMed from August 1981 to August 2017 using the search words 'biomarkers of autoimmune hepatitis'. Expert commentary: Each of the candidate biomarkers is close to the putative pathogenic mechanisms of autoimmune hepatitis, and each has attributes that support its potential role as a surrogate marker of inflammatory activity that can be monitored during treatment. Future studies must demonstrate the superiority of each biomarker to conventional indices of inflammatory activity and validate their correlation with treatment response and outcome. A reliable therapeutic biomarker would facilitate the individualization of current management algorithms, ensure that pathogenic mechanisms were disrupted or eliminated prior to treatment withdrawal, and reduce the frequency of relapse or unnecessary protracted therapy. The biomarker might also prove to be a target of next-generation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester , MN , USA
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18
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Studzińska S, Buszewski B. Analysis of microRNA and modified oligonucleotides with the use of ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1554:71-80. [PMID: 29699869 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights the application of ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for the selective separation and sensitive quantification of microRNAs and modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide. The Central Composite Design was used for comprehensive optimization of mass spectrometer parameters (for tandem mass spectrometer and quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometer). Ion pair chromatography was used in order to separate the studied compounds. Furthermore, the optimization of concentration of ion pair reagents in the mobile phase was done with respect to mass spectrometry sensitivity and liquid chromatography separation. The greatest sensitivity for studied compounds was determined for the mixture of 100 mM hexafluoroisopropanol, 5 mM N,N-dimethylbutylamine and methanol. This mobile phase also provided the best separation results in the shortest time for two of the four columns used in the study. Finally, the Hypersil GOLD aQ was selected for routine analysis of microRNA and modified phosphorothioate oligonucleotide in serum samples. These compounds were extracted from the sample with the use of combined liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction. The method developed during the study was then applied for the qualitative and quantitative analysis with limits od quantification equal to 49-63 nM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Studzińska
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarin Str., PL-87-100, Toruń, Poland
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19
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Wang F, Wang J, Ju L, Chen L, Cai W, Yang J. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of serum miR-132/212 cluster in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Clin Biochem 2018; 55:576-582. [PMID: 29357677 DOI: 10.1177/0004563218755815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background It has been reported that both of the miR-132/212 (micro-RNA) cluster members, miR-132 and miR-212, are downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nevertheless, the expression pattern and clinical utility of serum miR-132/212 in hepatocellular carcinoma are still unknown. Methods In this study, serum concentrations of miR-132 and miR-212 were measured in 80 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 51 controls with chronic liver diseases and 42 healthy volunteers by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results In hepatocellular carcinoma patients, serum concentrations of miR-132 and miR-212 were significantly reduced and strongly correlated (r = 0.603, p < 0.001). Receiver operator characteristic analyses showed that serum miR-132 and miR-212 might have a potential role in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Moreover, the combination of serum miR-132, miR-212 and alpha-fetoprotein improved the diagnostic efficiency for hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in sensitivity and negative predictive value. Serum miR-132 was associated with tumour differentiation degree ( p = 0.021) and tumour-node-metastasis stage ( p = 0.002); serum miR-212 correlated with tumour size ( p = 0.023) and tumour-node-metastasis stage ( p = 0.007). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicated poorer overall survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with lower serum concentrations of miR-132 ( p < 0.001) and miR-212 ( p = 0.005). Conclusions Our results suggest that both components of the miR-132/212 cluster have potential roles as non-invasive serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- 1 Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,2 Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun Wang
- 3 Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,*These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Linlin Ju
- 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- 2 Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,4 Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Weihua Cai
- 4 Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Laboratory, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jialin Yang
- 2 Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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20
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Singhal A, Agrawal A, Ling J. Regulation of insulin resistance and type II diabetes by hepatitis C virus infection: A driver function of circulating miRNAs. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2071-2085. [PMID: 29411512 PMCID: PMC5867149 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a serious worldwide healthcare issue. Its association with various liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is well studied. However, the study on the relationship between HCV infection and the development of insulin resistance and diabetes is very limited. Current research has already elucidated some underlying mechanisms, especially on the regulation of metabolism and insulin signalling by viral proteins. More studies have emerged recently on the correlation between HCV infection‐derived miRNAs and diabetes and insulin resistance. However, no studies have been carried out to directly address if these miRNAs, especially circulating miRNAs, have causal effects on the development of insulin resistance and diabetes. Here, we proposed a new perspective that circulating miRNAs can perform regulatory functions to modulate gene expression in peripheral tissues leading to insulin resistance and diabetes, rather than just a passive factor associated with these pathological processes. The detailed rationales were elaborated through comprehensive literature review and bioinformatic analyses. miR‐122 was identified to be one of the most potential circulating miRNAs to cause insulin resistance. This result along with the idea about the driver function of circulating miRNAs will promote further investigations that eventually lead to the development of novel strategies to treat HCV infection‐associated extrahepatic comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adit Singhal
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
| | | | - Jun Ling
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Scranton, PA, USA
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21
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Benmoussa A, Ly S, Shan ST, Laugier J, Boilard E, Gilbert C, Provost P. A subset of extracellular vesicles carries the bulk of microRNAs in commercial dairy cow's milk. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1401897. [PMID: 29904572 PMCID: PMC5994974 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1401897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small gene-regulatory RNAs that are found in various biological fluids, including milk, where they are often contained inside extracellular vesicles (EVs), like exosomes. In a previous study, we reported that commercial dairy cow's milk microRNAs resisted simulated digestion and were not exclusively associated with canonical exosomes. Here, we report the characterization of a milk EV subset that sediments at lower ultracentrifugation speeds and that contains the bulk of microRNAs. Milk EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and Iodixanol density gradient (IDG), and analysed for (1) microRNA enrichment by reverse transcription and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and (2) EV-associated proteins by Western blot. Milk EVs were characterized further by dynamic light scattering (DLS), density measurements, fluorescent DiR and RNA labelling, high-sensitivity flow cytometry (HS-FCM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), proteinase K and RNase A assay, and liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We found that the bulk of milk microRNAs (e.g., bta-miR-125b, bta-miR-148a, etc.) sediment at 12,000 g and 35,000 g. Their distribution pattern was different from that of exosome-enriched proteins, but similar to that of several proteins commonly found in milk fat globule membranes (MFGM), including xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH). These low-speed ultracentrifugation pellets contained cytoplasm-enclosing phospholipid bilayered membrane vesicles of a density comprised between 1.11 and 1.14 g/mL in Iodixanol. This milk EV subset of ~100 nm in diameter/~200 nm hydrodynamic size resisted to proteinase K digestion and protected their microRNA content from RNase A digestion. Our results support the existence of a milk EV subset pelleting at low ultracentrifugations speeds, with a protein coating comparable with MFGM, which contains and protects the bulk of milk microRNAs from degradation. This milk EV subset may represent a new EV population of interest, whose content in microRNAs and proteins supports its potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benmoussa
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sophia Ly
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Si Ting Shan
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Eric Boilard
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- CHUQ Research Center/CHUL Pavilion, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
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22
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Song HF, Xu P. New serological markers for liver damage. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:2681-2688. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i30.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is the most important detoxification organ in the human body, and the damage to the liver will seriously affect the health of the body. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) are the most widely used clinical biochemical markers for liver injury. However, elevated serum ALT and AST levels can also occur in other diseases, which reduces their diagnostic value in liver injury. In order to diagnose liver damage more accurately, we need to find serum markers for liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng Song
- Central Laboratory, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Central Laboratory, the Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
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do Amaral AE, Cisilotto J, Creczynski-Pasa TB, de Lucca Schiavon L. Circulating miRNAs in nontumoral liver diseases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:274-287. [PMID: 29037479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in finding new biomarkers for diagnosis and prognostication of liver diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression and have been studied in relation to several conditions, including liver disease. Mature miRNAs can reach the bloodstream by passive release or by incorporation into lipoprotein complexes or microvesicles, and have stable and reproducible concentrations among individuals. In this review, we summarize studies involving circulating miRNAs sourced from the serum or plasma of patients with nontumoral liver diseases in attempt to bring insights in the use of miRNAs as biomarkers for diagnosis, as well as for prognosis of such diseases. In addition, we present pre-analytical aspects involving miRNA analysis and strategies for normalization of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) data related to the studies evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Evangelista do Amaral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Júlia Cisilotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Tânia Beatriz Creczynski-Pasa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Delfino Conti Street, 88040-370 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo de Lucca Schiavon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Maria Flora Pausewang Street, 88036-800 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Detection of MicroRNA in Hepatic Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Genotype-4 in Egyptian Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017. [PMID: 28642869 PMCID: PMC5469990 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1806069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In Egypt, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection is 13.8% of whole population and about 80% of the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have underling hepatitis C. Aim This study was designed to assess the diagnostic value of plasma miR-122 and miR-21 in patients with CHC, genotype-4, to detect fibrosis progression versus noninvasive indices and their diagnostic value in detection of early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methodology A prospective study that included 180 patients, divided into 3 groups: healthy controls (group I), CHC patients (group II), and hepatitis C patients with HCC (group III); all cases were subjected to thorough clinical, radiological, and laboratory investigations. Selected biomarkers were evaluated and correlated with degree of liver damage. Results revealed that miR-122 followed by miR-21 had the highest efficiency in prediction of liver cell damage. Also, miR-21 was strongly correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and alpha fetoprotein (α-FP) in HCC patients. Conclusions Plasma miR-122 and miR-21 had strong correlation with degree fibrosis in HCV genotype-4 patients; consequently they can be considered as potential biomarker for early detection of hepatic fibrosis. Moreover, miR-21 can be used as a potential biomarker, for early detection of HCC combined with VEGF and α-FP.
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25
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Zhen L, Guo W, Peng M, Liu Y, Zang S, Ji H, Li S, Yang H. Identification of cold-responsive miRNAs in rats by deep sequencing. J Therm Biol 2017; 66:114-124. [PMID: 28477904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
miRNA is an endogenously noncoding sRNA, which is involved in post-transcription gene expression regulation of growth, tumor development and stress survival. As a biological marker, miRNA has been used for the early diagnosis of diseases and the evaluation of some physiological state. We constructed two small RNA libraries with the serums of rats treated or not with cold conditions (4℃ for 12h) by deep sequencing, in order to understand the miRNAs' expressions of cold-exposed rats and find new cold-responsive biological markers. 485 conserved miRNAs and 287 novel miRNAs were identified in the two libraries by comparing to the known miRNAs of rat in miRBase 21.0 Differential expression analysis showed that 56 conserved miRNAs and 3 novel miRNAs were expressed differentially in low ambient temperature. The qRT-PCR results confirmed that rno-miR-151-3p, rno-miR-210-3p, rno-miR-425-5p, rno-miR-383-5p, rno-miR-92a-3p, rno-miR-98-5p and rno-miR-328a-3p decreased significantly in rats serums treated with cold exposure. The expressions of the 7 miRNAs changed significantly in cold-exposed rats' livers too. rno-miR-383-5p decreased significantly, but all the others increased significantly. Thus, the 7 miRNAs were considered as cold-responsive miRNAs of rat. 670 target genes of the 7 cold-responsive miRNAs were predicted. KEGG analysis showed that they were enriched in 28 pathways and most of them were enriched by metabolic pathway. Overall, the results of this study suggest an important role for selected miRNA's in the response to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mengling Peng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanzhi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shucheng Zang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shize Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huanmin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
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26
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Correia CN, Nalpas NC, McLoughlin KE, Browne JA, Gordon SV, MacHugh DE, Shaughnessy RG. Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Infectious Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:118. [PMID: 28261201 PMCID: PMC5311051 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding endogenous RNA molecules that regulate a wide range of biological processes by post-transcriptionally regulating gene expression. Thousands of these molecules have been discovered to date, and multiple miRNAs have been shown to coordinately fine-tune cellular processes key to organismal development, homeostasis, neurobiology, immunobiology, and control of infection. The fundamental regulatory role of miRNAs in a variety of biological processes suggests that differential expression of these transcripts may be exploited as a novel source of molecular biomarkers for many different disease pathologies or abnormalities. This has been emphasized by the recent discovery of remarkably stable miRNAs in mammalian biofluids, which may originate from intracellular processes elsewhere in the body. The potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of disease has mainly been demonstrated for various types of cancer. More recently, however, attention has focused on the use of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers of infectious disease; for example, human tuberculosis caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, sepsis caused by multiple infectious agents, and viral hepatitis. Here, we review these developments and discuss prospects and challenges for translating circulating miRNA into novel diagnostics for infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina N Correia
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Nicolas C Nalpas
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Kirsten E McLoughlin
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - John A Browne
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen V Gordon
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David E MacHugh
- Animal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; University College Dublin, UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan G Shaughnessy
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
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Lambrecht J, Jan Poortmans P, Verhulst S, Reynaert H, Mannaerts I, van Grunsven LA. Circulating ECV-Associated miRNAs as Potential Clinical Biomarkers in Early Stage HBV and HCV Induced Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:56. [PMID: 28232800 PMCID: PMC5298975 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus infection is associated with the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) toward a myofibroblastic phenotype, resulting in excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, the development of liver fibrosis, and its progression toward cirrhosis. The gold standard for the detection and staging of liver fibrosis remains the liver biopsy, which is, however, associated with some mild and severe drawbacks. Other non-invasive techniques evade these drawbacks, but lack inter-stage specificity and are unable to detect early stages of fibrosis. We investigated whether circulating vesicle-associated miRNAs can be used in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis in HBV and HCV patients. Methods: Plasma samples were obtained from 14 healthy individuals and 39 early stage fibrotic patients (F0–F2) with chronic HBV or HCV infection who underwent transient elastography (Fibroscan). Extracellular vesicles were extracted from the plasma and the level of miRNA-122, -150, -192, -21, -200b, and -92a was analyzed by qRT-PCR in total plasma and circulating vesicles. Finally, these same miRNAs were also quantified in vesicles extracted from in vitro activating primary HSCs. Results: In total plasma samples, only miRNA-200b (HBV: p = 0.0384; HCV: p = 0.0069) and miRNA-122 (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p = 0.0007) were significantly up-regulated during early fibrosis. In circulating vesicles, miRNA-192 (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), -200b (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), -92a (HBV: p < 0.0001; HCV: p < 0.0001), and -150 (HBV: p = 0.0016; HCV: p = 0.004) displayed a significant down-regulation in both HBV and HCV patients. MiRNA expression profiles in vesicles isolated from in vitro activating primary mouse HSCs resembled the miRNA expression profile in circulating vesicles. Conclusion: Our analysis revealed a distinct miRNA expression pattern in total plasma and its circulating vesicles. The expression profile of miRNAs in circulating vesicles of fibrotic patients suggests the potential use of these vesicle-associated miRNAs as markers for early stages of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joeri Lambrecht
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pieter Jan Poortmans
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefaan Verhulst
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Reynaert
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit BrusselBrussels, Belgium; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis BrusselBrussels, Belgium
| | - Inge Mannaerts
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels, Belgium
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Benmoussa A, Lee CHC, Laffont B, Savard P, Laugier J, Boilard E, Gilbert C, Fliss I, Provost P. Commercial Dairy Cow Milk microRNAs Resist Digestion under Simulated Gastrointestinal Tract Conditions. J Nutr 2016; 146:2206-2215. [PMID: 27708120 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.237651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small, gene-regulatory noncoding RNA species present in large amounts in milk, where they seem to be protected against degradative conditions, presumably because of their association with exosomes. OBJECTIVE We monitored the relative stability of commercial dairy cow milk microRNAs during digestion and examined their associations with extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS We used a computer-controlled, in vitro, gastrointestinal model TNO intestinal model-1 (TIM-1) and analyzed, by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, the concentration of 2 microRNAs within gastrointestinal tract compartments at different points in time. EVs within TIM-1 digested and nondigested samples were studied by immunoblotting, dynamic light scattering, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and density measurements. RESULTS A large quantity of dairy milk Bos taurus microRNA-223 (bta-miR-223) and bta-miR-125b (∼109-1010 copies/300 mL milk) withstood digestion under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, with the stomach causing the most important decrease in microRNA amounts. A large quantity of these 2 microRNAs (∼108-109 copies/300 mL milk) was detected in the upper small intestine compartments, which supports their potential bioaccessibility. A protocol optimized for the enrichment of dairy milk exosomes yielded a 100,000 × g pellet fraction that was positive for the exosomal markers tumor susceptibility gene-101 (TSG101), apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX), and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and containing bta-miR-223 and bta-miR-125b. This approach, based on successive ultracentrifugation steps, also revealed the existence of ALIX-, HSP70-/low, and TSG101-/low EVs larger than exosomes and 2-6 times more enriched in bta-miR-223 and bta-miR-125b (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that commercial dairy cow milk contains numerous microRNAs that can resist digestion and are associated mostly with ALIX-, HSP70-/low, and TSG101-/low EVs. Our results support the existence of interspecies transfer of microRNAs mediated by milk consumption and challenge our current view of exosomes as the sole carriers of milk-derived microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahim Benmoussa
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Chan Ho C Lee
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Benoit Laffont
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Patricia Savard
- STELA Dairy Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Laugier
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Eric Boilard
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Caroline Gilbert
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
| | - Ismail Fliss
- STELA Dairy Research Center, Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Provost
- University of Quebec Hospital Center Research Center/University of Laval Hospital Center, Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunity and Faculty of Medicine, and
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29
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Zhou M, Hara H, Dai Y, Mou L, Cooper DKC, Wu C, Cai Z. Circulating Organ-Specific MicroRNAs Serve as Biomarkers in Organ-Specific Diseases: Implications for Organ Allo- and Xeno-Transplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081232. [PMID: 27490531 PMCID: PMC5000630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Different cell types possess different miRNA expression profiles, and cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNAs (or profiles) indicate different diseases. Circulating miRNA is either actively secreted by living cells or passively released during cell death. Circulating cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNA may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for allo- or xeno-transplantation to monitor organ survival and immune rejection. In this review, we summarize the proof of concept that circulating organ-specific miRNAs serve as non-invasive biomarkers for a wide spectrum of clinical organ-specific manifestations such as liver-related disease, heart-related disease, kidney-related disease, and lung-related disease. Furthermore, we summarize how circulating organ-specific miRNAs may have advantages over conventional methods for monitoring immune rejection in organ transplantation. Finally, we discuss the implications and challenges of applying miRNA to monitor organ survival and immune rejection in allo- or xeno-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China.
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Hidetaka Hara
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Yifan Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Xenotransplantation, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Lisha Mou
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China.
| | - David K C Cooper
- Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
| | - Changyou Wu
- Institute of Immunology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation and Transplant Immunology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518039, China.
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30
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Laurenti M, Paez-Perez M, Algarra M, Alonso-Cristobal P, Lopez-Cabarcos E, Mendez-Gonzalez D, Rubio-Retama J. Enhancement of the Upconversion Emission by Visible-to-Near-Infrared Fluorescent Graphene Quantum Dots for miRNA Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12644-51. [PMID: 27153453 PMCID: PMC5058637 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We developed a sensor for the detection of specific microRNA (miRNA) sequences that was based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and ssDNA-UCNP@SiO2. The proposed sensor exploits the interaction between the sp(2) carbon atoms of the GQD, mainly π-π stacking, and the DNA nucleobases anchored on the upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs). This interaction brings the GQD to the surface of the ssDNA-UCNP@SiO2 system, enhancing the upconversion emission. On the other hand, hybridization of the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) chains anchored on the nanoparticles with their complementary miRNA sequences blocks the capacity of the UCNPs to interact with the GQD through π-π stacking. That gives as result a reduction of the fluorescent enhancement, which is dependent on the concentration of miRNA sequences. This effect was used to create a sensor for miRNA sequences with a detection limit of 10 fM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Laurenti
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Paez-Perez
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Algarra
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry. Faculty
of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Paulino Alonso-Cristobal
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lopez-Cabarcos
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Mendez-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Rubio-Retama
- Department of Physical Chemistry II, Faculty
of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- E-mail: . Tel: 0034 913941750. Fax: 0034 913942030
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Parallel expression profiling of hepatic and serum microRNA-122 associated with clinical features and treatment responses in chronic hepatitis C patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21510. [PMID: 26898400 PMCID: PMC4761907 DOI: 10.1038/srep21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate a variety of biological processes. Recently, human liver-specific miRNA miR-122 has been reported to facilitate hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in liver cells. HCV is one of the leading causes of liver diseases worldwide. In Pakistan, the estimated prevalence is up to 10%. Here, we report hepatic and serum miR-122 expression profiling from paired liver and serum samples from treatment-naive chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and controls. We aimed to elucidate the biomarker potential of serum miR-122 for monitoring disease progression and predicting end treatment response (ETR). Hepatic miR-122 levels were significantly down-regulated in CHC patients. A significant inverse correlation was observed between hepatic and serum miR-122 levels, indicating that serum miR-122 levels reflect HCV-associated disease progression. Both hepatic and serum miR-122 were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with several clinicopathological features of CHC. Receiver operator curve analysis showed that serum miR-122 had superior discriminatory ability even in patients with normal alanine transaminase levels. Multivariate logistic regression analysis highlighted pre-treatment serum miR-122 levels as independent predictors of ETR. In conclusion, serum miR-122 holds the potential to serve as a promising biomarker of disease progression and ETR in CHC patients.
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