Reference Citation Analysis: Find an Article, Find a Category, Find a Journal, Find a Scholar

For: Ribeiro P, Bhatt N, Ali S, Monteiro V, da Silva E, Balassiano IT, Aquino C, de Deus N, Guiliche O, Muianga AF, Alho PJ, Lara Evaristo V, Manhiça I, Medeiros M, Gudo ES. Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis among febrile patients in a rapidly growing suburban slum and a flood-vulnerable rural district in Mozambique, 2012-2014: Implications for the management of fever. Int J Infect Dis 2017;64:50-57. [PMID: 28893674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open

For:	Ribeiro P, Bhatt N, Ali S, Monteiro V, da Silva E, Balassiano IT, Aquino C, de Deus N, Guiliche O, Muianga AF, Alho PJ, Lara Evaristo V, Manhiça I, Medeiros M, Gudo ES. Seroepidemiology of leptospirosis among febrile patients in a rapidly growing suburban slum and a flood-vulnerable rural district in Mozambique, 2012-2014: Implications for the management of fever. Int J Infect Dis 2017;64:50-57. [PMID: 28893674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open

Number

Cited by Other Article(s)

Selim A, Marzok M, Gattan HS, Abdelhady A, Salem M, Hereba AM. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Egypt. Sci Rep 2024;14:4645. [PMID: 38409338 PMCID: PMC10897380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54882-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open

Comia IR, Manuel L, Miambo RD, Carimo AA, Manjate PDF, Maholela AE, Banze LR, Buene TP, Nhancupe N, Sousa IM, Benson CA, Schooley RT, Sacarlal J, Noormahomed EV. A Cross Sectional Study on the Bidirectional Interactions Between Leptospirosis and HIV Infection Among Patients from Maputo Central Hospital, Mozambique. Res Rep Trop Med 2024;15:1-11. [PMID: 38371361 PMCID: PMC10871144 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s445878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open

Abstract

Introduction

This study aims to determine the baseline seroprevalence of leptospirosis, a zoonotic and neglected disease, in people living with HIV (PWH) in Maputo, Mozambique, and to evaluate the relationship between selected HIV-related factors that might influence risk of coinfection with leptospirosis, such as degree of immunosuppression, as assessed by CD4 cell count, World Health Organization (WHO) HIV/AIDS clinical stage and antiretroviral therapy (ART) intake.

Methods

This was a descriptive cross-sectional analysis of 157 PWH, aged over 18 years old, admitted to the Maputo Central Hospital, in Maputo, Mozambique, between March 2020 and October 2021. The study participants were recruited as a convenience sample regardless of the reasons for their admission. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data, including ART and WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, and blood for CD4 cell count and detection of Leptospira IgG antibodies using a commercial Kit ab247199 Leptospira IgG ELISA (www.abcam.com/ab247199) with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 97.3%, respectively. Laboratory testing was performed at the Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University and Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, in Maputo.

Results

Participants were aged 18 to 72 years (median age 39 years; SD ± 10.5), the majority were female 100 (63.7%), from urban areas 138 (87.9%), with secondary-level education 80 (51%). The overall seroprevalence of Leptospira IgG antibodies was 40.1%. The median CD4 cell count was 385 cells/µl (02 to 2297; SD ± 378.47). Higher seroprevalence of Leptospira antibodies was found among participants with CD4 cell counts <250 cells/µl (54.8%), WHO HIV/AIDS stage IV (70.2%) and those on ART (92%), though there were no statistically significant differences between groups with and without Leptospira antibodies.

Conclusion

Our study confirmed that Leptospira antibodies are highly prevalent in PWH in Maputo; however, Leptospira infection was not associated with the degree of immunosuppression, WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage, or the use of ART. Our data support the need for routine screening for leptospirosis in PWH in Mozambique. Future studies are warranted to characterize the incidence and outcomes of symptomatic leptospirosis in this patient population and to identify circulating serovars and species in the country and region, as well as the implicated reservoirs.

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Affiliation(s)

Isac Rodrigues Comia Department of Research and Extension, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
Leonardo Manuel Department of Research and Extension, Faculty of Health Sciences, Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
Regina Daniel Miambo Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Para-Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Awa Abdul Carimo Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Percílio da Floca Manjate Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Ana Edith Maholela Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Medicine, Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
Lucas Raimundo Banze Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
Titos Paulo Buene Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
Noémia Nhancupe Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique
Irina M Sousa Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Constance A Benson Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Robert T Schooley Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Jahit Sacarlal Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
Emília Virgínia Noormahomed Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique Mozambique Institute for Health Education and Research (MIHER), Maputo, Mozambique Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA

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Oludele J, Alho P, Chongo I, Maholela P, Magaia V, Muianga A, Melchior B, Isaías T, Gatambire A, Zimba E, Nhavoto E, Notiço P, Inguana P, Cantoria J, António V, Monteiro V, Ali S, Inlamea O, Samo Gudo E. Emerging Zoonotic Diseases among Pastoral Communities of Caia and Búzi Districts, Sofala, Mozambique: Evidence of Antibodies against Brucella, Leptospira, Rickettsia, and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus. Viruses 2023;15:2379. [PMID: 38140620 PMCID: PMC10748219 DOI: 10.3390/v15122379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

John Oludele Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Pascoal Alho Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Inocêncio Chongo Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Plácida Maholela Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Vlademiro Magaia Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo CP 257, Mozambique;
Argentina Muianga Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Bibiana Melchior Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Telma Isaías Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Aline Gatambire Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Edna Zimba Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Emídio Nhavoto Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Paulo Notiço Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Pedro Inguana Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Juma Cantoria Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Virgílio António Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Vanessa Monteiro Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Sádia Ali Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.) Center for International Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, 80802 München, Germany
Osvaldo Inlamea Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)
Eduardo Samo Gudo Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (P.A.); (I.C.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (B.M.); (T.I.); (A.G.); (E.Z.); (E.N.); (P.N.); (P.I.); (J.C.); (V.A.); (V.M.); (S.A.); (O.I.); (E.S.G.)

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Gizamba JM, Mugisha L. Leptospirosis in humans and selected animals in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014-2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2023;23:649. [PMID: 37784071 PMCID: PMC10546638 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Leptospirosis is an emerging neglected tropical zoonotic disease of public health importance causing substantial morbidities and mortalities among humans. The infection is maintained within the population through interactions between humans, animals, and the environment. Understanding the burden of disease in both humans and animals is necessary for effective prevention and control in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Therefore, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in humans, selected domestic animals, and rodents in SSA.

METHODS

A comprehensive search was done in six databases: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, and African Journals Online databases for articles published between 01 January 2014 and 30 August 2022. Thirty-seven articles distributed across 14 out of 46 countries in SSA were included. The random effects meta-analysis model was used to pool the extracted seroprevalence data.

RESULTS

The overall pooled seroprevalence of leptospirosis among humans was 12.7% (95% CI: 7.5,20.8), 15.1% (95% CI: 9.4,23.5), and 4.5% (95% CI: 0.4, 35.6) based on results obtained using ELISA, MAT, and PCR diagnostic methods respectively. The pooled seroprevalence estimates among cattle were 29.2%, 30.1%, and 9.7% based on ELISA, MAT, and PCR respectively. Further, the pooled seroprevalence in goats was 30.0% for studies that used MAT, and among rodents, the pooled seroprevalence estimates were 21.0% for MAT and 9.6% for PCR diagnostic criteria. The seroprevalence of leptospirosis varied extensively between studies, across SSA regions and study setting (rural or urban).

CONCLUSION

Leptospirosis is widespread in SSA in both humans and animals based on the current results of the pooled seroprevalence in the limited studies available. The burden is high in animals and humans and underestimated due to limited studies and challenges with limited diagnostic capacity in most healthcare settings in SSA. Hence, we recommend that leptospirosis should be listed as a disease of concern and be included on the list of routine diagnostics among patients presenting with febrile illness in healthcare settings. Further, we recommend the enhancement of surveillance of leptospirosis in all countries in SSA and the development of strategies with a One Health perspective to effectively prevent and control leptospirosis.

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Mugabe VA, Inlamea OF, Ali S, Maholela P, Melchior B, Muianga AF, Oludele J, Sumail A, António V, Monteiro VO, Chongo I, Kitron U, Ribeiro GS, Gudo ES. Surveillance for arboviruses and leptospirosis among non-malarial acute febrile illness outpatients in areas affected by Cyclones Idai and Kenneth in Mozambique. FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2023.1091545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open

Comia IR, Miambo RD, Noormahomed EV, Mahoche M, Pondja A, Schooley RT, Benson C, Sacarlal J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of Leptospirosis in HIV uninfected and in people living with HIV from the Southern African Development Community. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022;16:e0010823. [PMID: 36508469 PMCID: PMC9744292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open

Wainaina M, Vey da Silva DA, Dohoo I, Mayer-Scholl A, Roesel K, Hofreuter D, Roesler U, Lindahl J, Bett B, Al Dahouk S. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the aetiological agents of non-malarial febrile illnesses in Africa. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022;16:e0010144. [PMID: 35073309 PMCID: PMC8812962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open

Abstract

Background

The awareness of non-malarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) has been on the rise over the last decades. Therefore, we undertook a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of causative agents of non-malarial fevers on the African continent.

Methodology

We searched for literature in African Journals Online, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify aetiologic agents that had been reported and to determine summary estimates of the proportional morbidity rates (PMr) associated with these pathogens among fever patients.

Findings

A total of 133 studies comprising 391,835 patients from 25 of the 54 African countries were eligible. A wide array of aetiologic agents were described with considerable regional differences among the leading agents. Overall, bacterial pathogens tested from blood samples accounted for the largest proportion. The summary estimates from the meta-analysis were low for most of the agents. This may have resulted from a true low prevalence of the agents, the failure to test for many agents or the low sensitivity of the diagnostic methods applied. Our meta-regression analysis of study and population variables showed that diagnostic methods determined the PMr estimates of typhoidal Salmonella and Dengue virus. An increase in the PMr of Klebsiella spp. infections was observed over time. Furthermore, the status of patients as either inpatient or outpatient predicted the PMr of Haemophilus spp. infections.

Conclusion

The small number of epidemiological studies and the variety of NMFI agents on the African continent emphasizes the need for harmonized studies with larger sample sizes. In particular, diagnostic procedures for NMFIs should be standardized to facilitate comparability of study results and to improve future meta-analyses. Reliable NMFI burden estimates will inform regional public health strategies.

Previous systematic reviews have highlighted the research priorities of causative agents for non-malarial febrile illnesses by counting the number of publications attributed to an agent. However, proportional morbidity rates are calculated by dividing the number of cases with a specific disease (numerator) by the total number of diagnosed fever cases (denominator) and are better indicators of the relative importance of aetiological agents in a population. Therefore, we present the leading causes of non-malarial febrile illnesses in African patients in both healthcare and community settings. Preference is given to HIV-negative patients when data could be found. We also determined summary estimates of Brucella spp., Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus, Haemophilus spp., Klebsiella spp., Leptospira spp., non-typhoidal Salmonella spp., typhoidal Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp.

The wide array of aetiological agents causing febrile illnesses on the African continent does not only complicate malaria control programs but may also hamper response to epidemic and pandemic illnesses such as Ebola and COVID-19. The harmonisation of diagnostics and study designs will reduce between-study differences, which may result in better estimates of disease burden on the continent and in the different African regions. This information is important for Pan-African surveillance and control efforts.

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Afzal I, Thaker R, Weissman S, Kothari M. Leptospirosis as an unusual culprit of acute pancreatitis and portal vein thrombosis in a New Yorker. Clin Case Rep 2020;8:690-695. [PMID: 32274037 PMCID: PMC7141725 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open

Romero-Sandoval N, Cifuentes L, León G, Lecaro P, Ortiz-Rico C, Cooper P, Martín M. High Rates of Exposures to Waterborne Pathogens in Indigenous Communities in the Amazon Region of Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020;101:45-50. [PMID: 31162016 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open

Systematic Review of Important Bacterial Zoonoses in Africa in the Last Decade in Light of the 'One Health' Concept. Pathogens 2019;8:pathogens8020050. [PMID: 30995815 PMCID: PMC6631375 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8020050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open

Abstract

Zoonoses present a major public health threat and are estimated to account for a substantial part of the infectious disease burden in low-income countries. The severity of zoonotic diseases is compounded by factors such as poverty, living in close contact with livestock and wildlife, immunosuppression as well as coinfection with other diseases. The interconnections between humans, animals and the environment are essential to understand the spread and subsequent containment of zoonoses. We searched three scientific databases for articles relevant to the epidemiology of bacterial zoonoses/zoonotic bacterial pathogens, including disease prevalence and control measures in humans and multiple animal species, in various African countries within the period from 2008 to 2018. The review identified 1966 articles, of which 58 studies in 29 countries met the quality criteria for data extraction. The prevalence of brucellosis, leptospirosis, Q fever ranged from 0–40%, 1.1–24% and 0.9–28.2%, respectively, depending on geographical location and even higher in suspected outbreak cases. Risk factors for human zoonotic infection included exposure to livestock and animal slaughters. Dietary factors linked with seropositivity were found to include consumption of raw milk and locally fermented milk products. It was found that zoonoses such as leptospirosis, brucellosis, Q fever and rickettsiosis among others are frequently under/misdiagnosed in febrile patients seeking treatment at healthcare centres, leading to overdiagnoses of more familiar febrile conditions such as malaria and typhoid fever. The interactions at the human–animal interface contribute substantially to zoonotic infections. Seroprevalence of the various zoonoses varies by geographic location and species. There is a need to build laboratory capacity and effective surveillance processes for timely and effective detection and control of zoonoses in Africa. A multifaceted ‘One Health’ approach to tackle zoonoses is critical in the fight against zoonotic diseases. The impacts of zoonoses include: (1) Humans are always in contact with animals including livestock and zoonoses are causing serious life-threatening infections in humans. Almost 75% of the recent major global disease outbreaks have a zoonotic origin. (2) Zoonoses are a global health challenge represented either by well-known or newly emerging zoonotic diseases. (3) Zoonoses are caused by all-known cellular (bacteria, fungi and parasites) and noncellular (viruses or prions) pathogens. (4) There are limited data on zoonotic diseases from Africa. The fact that human health and animal health are inextricably linked, global coordinated and well-established interdisciplinary research efforts are essential to successfully fight and reduce the health burden due to zoonoses. This critically requires integrated data from both humans and animals on zoonotic diseases.

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de Vries SG, Visser BJ, Stoney RJ, Wagenaar JFP, Bottieau E, Chen LH, Wilder-Smith A, Wilson M, Rapp C, Leder K, Caumes E, Schwartz E, Hynes NA, Goorhuis A, Esposito DH, Hamer DH, Grobusch MP. Leptospirosis among Returned Travelers: A GeoSentinel Site Survey and Multicenter Analysis-1997-2016. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018;99:127-135. [PMID: 29761761 PMCID: PMC6085784 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open

Affiliation(s)

Sophia G. de Vries Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Benjamin J. Visser Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Rhett J. Stoney Travelers’ Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
Jiri F. P. Wagenaar Department of Medical Microbiology, Leptospirosis Reference Center, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Emmanuel Bottieau Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Lin H. Chen Travel Medicine Center, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
Annelies Wilder-Smith Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
Mary Wilson School of Medicine Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
Christophe Rapp Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Bégin, Paris, France CMETE Travel clinic, Paris, France
Karin Leder School of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia Victorian Infectious Disease Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
Eric Caumes Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
Eli Schwartz Department of Internal Medicine “C”, The Center of Geographical Medicine, Sheba Medical Center, Tel HaShomer, Ramat Gan, Israel Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
Noreen A. Hynes Division of Infectious Diseases, Geographic Medicine Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
Abraham Goorhuis Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Douglas H. Esposito Travelers’ Health Branch, Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia
Davidson H. Hamer Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Maryland
Martin P. Grobusch Center for Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
for the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network

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Recent findings related to immune responses against leptospirosis and novel strategies to prevent infection. Microbes Infect 2018;20:578-588. [PMID: 29452258 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]