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Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Gu L, Xu Y, Lu Z, Xie Q, Zhang X, Hua C. Economic burden of pertussis in children: A single-center analysis in Hangzhou, China. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2343199. [PMID: 38647026 PMCID: PMC11037283 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2343199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The "reemergence of pertussis" has elicited international concerns, occurring paradoxically amidst the expansion of immunization programs. This study was aimed to evaluate quantitatively the economic burden and identify the determinants that influence the cost associated with treating pertussis in Chinese children. We evaluated the economic burden by Chinese children diagnosed with pertussis at the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2022. Direct medical expenses and the utilization of medical resources attributed to pertussis were calculated. A generalized linear regression model was applied to analyze the determinants that were associated with the direct medical expenses among patients. Among the 1110 pertussis patients included in the study, 1060 were outpatients and 50 were inpatients. The average direct medical cost was ¥1878.70(i.e. $279.33). Living in urban areas (OR:1.27, p = .04), complications (OR:1.40, p < .001), hospitalization (OR:10.04, p < .001), and ≥ 3 medical visits (OR:3.71, p < .001) were associated with increased direct medical expenses. Having received four doses of the pertussis vaccine was associated with reduced direct medical expenses (OR:0.81, p = .04). This study underscores a substantial economic burden of pertussis in Hangzhou, with pronounced implications for patients residing in urban areas, experiencing complications, requiring hospitalization, having multiple medical consultations, or lacking comprehensive pertussis vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinsi Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuechao Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lintao Gu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuyang Xu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaojun Lu
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qixin Xie
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Expanded Program on Immunization, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunzhen Hua
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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He Y, Ma C, Guo X, Pan J, Xu W, Liu S. Collateral Impact of COVID-19 Prevention Measures on Re-Emergence of Scarlet Fever and Pertussis in Mainland China and Hong Kong China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9909. [PMID: 36011545 PMCID: PMC9407746 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of scarlet fever and pertussis has increased significantly in China in recent years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, stringent non-pharmaceutical intervention measures were widely adopted to contain the spread of the virus, which may also have essential collateral impacts on other infectious diseases, such as scarlet fever and pertussis. We compared the incidence data of scarlet fever and pertussis in Mainland China and Hong Kong from 2004 to 2021 before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results show that the incidence of both diseases decreased significantly in 2020-2021 compared to the after-re-emergence stage in these two locations. Specifically, in 2020, scarlet fever decreased by 73.13% and pertussis by 76.63% in Mainland China, and 83.70% and 76.10%, respectively, in Hong Kong. In the absence of COVID-19, the predicted incidence of both diseases was much higher than the actual incidence in Mainland China and Hong Kong in 2020-2021. This study demonstrates that non-pharmaceutical measures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic can partially reduce scarlet fever and pertussis re-emergence in Mainland China and Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran He
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Chenjin Ma
- College of Statistics and Data Science, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Jinren Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Wangli Xu
- Center for Applied Statistics, School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Shelan Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China
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Wu X, Du Q, Li D, Yuan L, Meng Q, Fu Z, Xu H, Yao K, Zhao R. A Cross-Sectional Study Revealing the Emergence of Erythromycin-Resistant Bordetella pertussis Carrying ptxP3 Alleles in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901617. [PMID: 35923401 PMCID: PMC9342848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous limited studies have identified that Bordetella pertussis (B. pertussis) isolates circulating in China possess distinct molecular features and high rates of erythromycin-resistance (ER). Their evolution and potential impact on the prevention and control of global pertussis are worthy of attention. Methods The present cross-sectional study involved 311 non-duplicate and unrelated B. pertussis strains isolated from Chinese children from 2017 to 2019. Their antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed using both E-test strips and Kirby-Bauer (KB) disk diffusion methods. Seven virulence-related genes (ptxA, ptxC, ptxP, prn, fim2, fim3, and tcfA2) and the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene were detected by PCR. Based on the susceptibilities and genotypes, 50 isolates were selected for multi-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) typing and whole-genome sequencing. Results A total of 311 B. pertussis strains were isolated from children with a median age of 4 months (interquartile range: 2–9 months). Strains carrying the ptxP1 allele were more frequent (84.9%, 264/311), were always ER (except for one strain), and were mainly related to ptxA1/ptxC1/prn1 alleles (99.6%, 263/264). The remaining 47 (15.1%) strains carried the ptxP3 allele, mainly harboring the ptxA1/ptxC2/prn2 alleles (93.6%, 44/47), and were sensitive to erythromycin (except for two strains). The two ER-ptxP3 isolates were first identified in China, belonged to MT27 and MT28 according to MLVA, and were classified into sub-lineage IVd by phylogenetic analysis of their genome sequences. This sub-lineage also includes many strains carrying the ptxP3 allele spreading in developed countries. For each tested antimicrobial, the susceptibilities judged by KB disks were consistent with those determined by E-test strips. Conclusion The present results reveal that B. pertussis strains with the ptxP1-ER profile still dominate in China, and a few strains carrying the ptxP3 allele have acquired the A2047G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene and the ER phenotype. The surveillance of the drug susceptibility of B. pertussis is necessary for all countries, and the KB disk method can be adopted as a screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfang Li
- BGI Pathogenesis Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Kaihu Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Kaihu Yao,
| | - Ruiqiu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
- Ruiqiu Zhao,
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Yu J, He H, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Chen C, Xu J, Xu L, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Zhu Y, Tang X, Guo Y, Chen Z, Shao Z. Burden of whooping cough in China (PertussisChina): study protocol of a prospective, population-based case-control study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e053316. [PMID: 35273046 PMCID: PMC8915282 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pertussis is one of the top 10 diseases of children under 10 years of age, and the few vaccine-preventable diseases who is on a rise in China in recent years; however, the true burden of pertussis, including age-stratified incidence and risk factors of severe sequelae, are under-recognised. We aim to estimate the health burden of laboratory-confirmed pertussis by age groups, considering the setting of illness onset (ie, in community, outpatient and inpatient), in a Chinese population (~2.23 million in total) at two sites. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This paper describes the study design of a 1-year, prospective, age-stratified and population-based case-control study, including site selection, study population, case registry, ascertainment and enrolment, control recruitment, follow-up of case, microbiological methods, data collection, quality control activities and statistical methods used to generate incidence estimates. During June 2021 through May 2022, registry of suspected pertussis cases (namely chronic/persistent cough) will be conducted in several participating hospitals (SHs) at the two sites, which are selected based on Healthcare Utilisation and Attitudes Surveys (HUAS) carried out before study initiation. A case-control study will be conducted in the SHs and we aim to enrol a total of 1000 suspected pertussis cases (ie, all hospital admissions and the first 1-3 outpatient visits each week each hospital) and 2000 frequency matched healthy controls in community. Our primary study outcome, the laboratory-confirmed Bordetella pertussis infection, will be determined by a comprehensive laboratory methods and procedures (ie, culture, PCR and serological tests) in both cases and controls at enrolment and during 60-day's follow-up visits. Finally, data from HUAS (ie, population size), case registry (ie, the total number of suspected pertussis cases) and case-control study (ie, the prevalence or population attributable fraction of Bordetella pertussis) will be combined to calculate incidence and its 95% CI through bootstrap method. Epidemiological analyses will be conducted to determine the risk factors associated with severe sequelae of pertussis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has been approved by Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention's Institutional Review Board (no. ICDC-202110). Results will be disseminated via academic presentations and publication in peer-reviewed journals, and will provide valuable scientific data and some new insights into the incidence, aetiology and risk factors for severe sequelae of pertussis to academic societies and the public health authorities who is currently struggling and fighting against this burdensome disease worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Yu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Hanqing He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Binjiang District, China
| | - Yanyang Zhang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Chuanwei Chen
- Yongcheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongcheng, Dongcheng District, China
| | - Juan Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Li Xu
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R.China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Yongcheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yongcheng, Dongcheng District, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Binjiang District, China
| | - Xuewen Tang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Binjiang District, China
| | - Yonghao Guo
- Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Binjiang District, China
| | - Zhujun Shao
- National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, P.R.China
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, P.R.China
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Kang L, Cui X, Fu J, Wang W, Li L, Li T, Wang X, Xiao F, Jia H, Mi R, Hou X. Clinical characteristics of 967 children with pertussis: a single-center analysis over an 8-year period in Beijing, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 41:9-20. [PMID: 34398346 PMCID: PMC8365282 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-021-04336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand children’s clinical characteristics with pertussis and analyze risk factors on critical pertussis patients. Demographic data from patients with pertussis at Children’s Hospital affiliated to the Capital Institute of Pediatrics between March 2011 and December 2018 were collected. We retrospectively gathered more information with the positive exposure, vaccination, antibiotic usage before diagnosis, clinical manifestation, laboratory tests, therapy, and complications for hospitalized children. We divided the patients into severe and non-severe groups, comparing related factors and clinical characteristics among each group. In particular, we summarize the clinical features of the severe patients before aggravation. A total of 967 pertussis cases were diagnosed, of which 227 were hospitalized. The onset age younger than 3 months old accounted for the highest proportion, and 126 patients received hospitalization. For those patients, the incidence of post-tussive vomiting, paroxysmal cyanosis, post-tussive heart rate decrease, hypoxemia, severe pneumonia, and mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than that in the ≥ 3-month-old group (p < 0.05). Among 227 hospitalized patients, 54 suffered from severe pertussis. Risk factors for severe patients included early age of onset, pathogen exposure, and unvaccinated status. Cough paroxysms, post-tussive vomiting, paroxysmal cyanosis, facial flushing/cyanosis/fever during cough, increased WBC, and chest X-ray revealing pneumonia/consolidation/atelectasis were important indications of severe pertussis. Unvaccinated status was an independent risk factor for severe pertussis. The most vulnerable population was infants < 3 months old to pertussis, and may be on the severe end of the disease. Pediatricians must detect and treat severe cases promptly and recommend timely vaccination for all eligible children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Kang
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Central Lab, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Fu
- Central Lab, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenpeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Tiegeng Li
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xiao
- Central Lab, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Huixue Jia
- Department of Medical Statistics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Mi
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Hou
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Santos P, Almeida F. Exosome-Based Vaccines: History, Current State, and Clinical Trials. Front Immunol 2021; 12:711565. [PMID: 34335627 PMCID: PMC8317489 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.711565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and immune response. However, EVs have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, such as cancer and numerous infectious diseases. An important feature of EVs is their ability to deliver a wide range of molecules to nearby targets or over long distances, which allows the mediation of different biological functions. This delivery mechanism can be utilized for the development of therapeutic strategies, such as vaccination. Here, we have highlighted several studies from a historical perspective, with respect to current investigations on EV-based vaccines. For example, vaccines based on exosomes derived from dendritic cells proved to be simpler in terms of management and cost-effectiveness than dendritic cell vaccines. Recent evidence suggests that EVs derived from cancer cells can be leveraged for therapeutics to induce strong anti-tumor immune responses. Moreover, EV-based vaccines have shown exciting and promising results against different types of infectious diseases. We have also summarized the results obtained from completed clinical trials conducted on the usage of exosome-based vaccines in the treatment of cancer, and more recently, coronavirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fausto Almeida
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Liu D, Du Q, Yuan L, Wang Q, Shi W, Meng Q, Yu D, Yao K. Retrospective analysis of bacterial culture-confirmed pertussis cases in Beijing Children's hospital from 2014 to 2019 reveals prevention and control of the grim situation in mainland China. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 20:577-583. [PMID: 33691571 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1899822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore the epidemiological features of children with bacterial culture-confirmed pertussis visiting Beijing Children's Hospital, China. METHODS From 2014 through 2019, patients with suspected pertussis coming from mainland China provided nasopharyngeal swabs and bacterial culture that was subsequently cultivated. RESULTS During the study period, 6956 children with suspected pertussis from 30 different administrative provinces of mainland China were investigated, of which 1494 cases (21.5%) had positive B. pertussis culture. The number of pertussis cases increased year-on-year, from 122 in 2014 to 279 in 2019. Of the confirmed cases, 38.2% and 26.8% were identified in the summer and autumn, respectively. The age distribution of children with pertussis showed that 77.2% were <12 months old, including 56.0% <6 months old. Only thirteen B. parapertussis isolates and one B. bronchiseptica isolates were collected in the present samples. CONCLUSIONS The present culture-confirmed cases reveal the severe epidemic situation of pertussis spreading over the whole country and mainly affecting the infants. It is necessary to set up hospital-based surveillance with reliable laboratory methods to promote clinical awareness and to monitor the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghong Meng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaihu Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Key Discipline of Pediatrics (Capital Medical University) National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Infection Diseases, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Wang Y, Xu C, Ren J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang L, Yao S. The long-term effects of meteorological parameters on pertussis infections in Chongqing, China, 2004-2018. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17235. [PMID: 33057239 PMCID: PMC7560825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence on the long-term influence of climatic variables on pertussis is limited. This study aims to explore the long-term quantitative relationship between weather variability and pertussis. Data on the monthly number of pertussis cases and weather parameters in Chongqing in the period of 2004-2018 were collected. Then, we used a negative binomial multivariable regression model and cointegration testing to examine the association of variations in monthly meteorological parameters and pertussis. Descriptive statistics exhibited that the pertussis incidence rose from 0.251 per 100,000 people in 2004 to 3.661 per 100,000 persons in 2018, and pertussis was a seasonal illness, peaked in spring and summer. The results from the regression model that allowed for the long-term trends, seasonality, autoregression, and delayed effects after correcting for overdispersion showed that a 1 hPa increment in the delayed one-month air pressure contributed to a 3.559% (95% CI 0.746-6.293%) reduction in the monthly number of pertussis cases; a 10 mm increment in the monthly aggregate precipitation, a 1 °C increment in the monthly average temperature, and a 1 m/s increment in the monthly average wind velocity resulted in 3.641% (95% CI 0.960-6.330%), 19.496% (95% CI 2.368-39.490%), and 3.812 (95% CI 1.243-11.690)-fold increases in the monthly number of pertussis cases, respectively. The roles of the mentioned weather parameters in the transmission of pertussis were also evidenced by a sensitivity analysis. The cointegration testing suggested a significant value among variables. Climatic factors, particularly monthly temperature, precipitation, air pressure, and wind velocity, play a role in the transmission of pertussis. This finding will be of great help in understanding the epidemic trends of pertussis in the future, and weather variability should be taken into account in the prevention and control of pertussis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchao Ren
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzheng Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sanqiao Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan Province, Xinxiang, 453000, People's Republic of China
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