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Moreira Milhan NV, da Graça Sampaio A, Koga-Ito CY, Bruzzaniti A. Ascorbic acid as a modulator of inflammatory response against Candida albicans. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:585-594. [PMID: 38629904 PMCID: PMC11229584 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the behavior of oral keratinocytes in the presence of Vitamin C (Vit C) and its anti-inflammatory potential. Materials & methods: Oral keratinocytes were initially exposed to 0.1-2.5 mM of Vit C and the metabolic activity and cell migration were evaluated using MTS assay and Ibidi culture inserts, respectively. After, the cells were challenged with Candida albicans and inflammatory markers were analyzed by qPCR. Results: The treatment was not cytotoxic, and the highest concentrations increased the metabolic activity at 24 h. Vit C delayed the cell migration at 48 and 72 h. Interestingly, it downregulated the genes IL-8 and IL-1β. Conclusion: Vit C could be an interesting adjuvant to anti-fungal treatment due to its anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noala Vicensoto Moreira Milhan
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Aline da Graça Sampaio
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Department of Environmental Engineering & Sciences Applied in Oral Health Graduate Program, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Science & Technology, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, 12245-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Bruzzaniti
- Department of Biomedical & Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Bulanawichit W, Nguyen TNY, Ritprajak P, Nowwarote N, Osathanon T. Cell Wall Mannan of Candida Attenuates Osteogenic Differentiation by Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:190-197. [PMID: 36586575 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Candida spp. has recently been introduced to interact with conventional carious bacteria, leading to dental caries progression and virulence ability. Evidence regarding the influence of Candida spp. on human dental pulp cell response remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Candida albicans mannans on cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory-related gene expression in human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). METHODS hDPCs were treated with cell wall mannans isolated from C. albicans, Candida krusei, Candida glabrata, Candida tropocalis, Candida parapsilosis, and Candida dubliniensis. Cell viability was performed using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. Osteogenic differentiation- and inflammatory-related gene expression were determined using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mineralization was examined using alizarin red S staining. RESULTS The treatment of mannans isolated from C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropocalis, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis at concentrations ranging from 10-100 μg/mL did not affect cytotoxicity or cell proliferation. Mannans isolated from C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropocalis significantly attenuated mineralization. However, cell wall mannans isolated from C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and C. dubliniensis did not significantly influence mineral deposition in hDPCs. C. albicans cell wall mannans significantly attenuated osteogenic differentiation-related gene expression (RUNX2, ALP, and ENPP1). Interestingly, IL12 messenger RNA expression was significantly upregulated when treated with C. albicans cell wall mannans. The addition of recombinant IL12 significantly decreased mineralization in hDPCs. CONCLUSIONS C. albicans cell wall mannans attenuated osteogenic differentiation in hDPCs and up-regulated inflammatory-related gene IL12 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajathip Bulanawichit
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thu Ngoc Yen Nguyen
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patcharee Ritprajak
- Research Unit in Integrative Immuno-Microbial Biochemistry and Bioresponsive Nanomaterials and Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nunthawan Nowwarote
- Oral Biology Department, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR1138, Molecular Oral Pathophysiology and Université Paris Cité, Dental Faculty, Paris, France.
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Ma J, Yang YC, Su LQ, Qin DM, Yuan K, Zhang Y, Wang RR. The liquid Kangfuxin (KFX) has efficient antifungal activity and can be used in the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis in mouse. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 74:564-576. [PMID: 34958703 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infectious disease caused mainly by Candida albicans. Kangfuxin (KFX) is a traditional Chinese medicine preparation made from Periplaneta Americana extracts, which has the functions of promoting wound healing and enhancing body immunity and acting as an antifungal. Here, we evaluated the effect of KFX in VVC treatment in vitro and in vivo. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC50 ) of KFX against C. albicans ranged from 7.65% to 20.57%. In addition, KFX was better than fluconazole (FLC) in inhibiting drug resistant C. albicans, and the effect was more obvious after 8h. KFX treatment also exhibited good activity in vivo. It restored the body weight and reduced the vulvovaginal symptoms in mice induced with VVC. It down-regulated the expression of the hyphae-related gene HWP1, thus inhibiting the growth and development of C. albicans hyphae. It also increased the number of neutrophils and promoted the scretion of Interleukin-17A (IL-17A), however decreased Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice with VVC. We deduce that KFX effectively treats vaginal candidiasis in two ways: inhibiting the growth and development of mycelia to reduce C. albicans colonization and promoting the release of IL-17A and neutrophils number to fight C. albicans infection. This study provides a theoretical basis for the use of KFX for the clinical treatment of VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ma
- College of pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Ya-Chao Yang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Liu-Qing Su
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ding-Mei Qin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Rui-Rui Wang
- College of pharmacy, Dali University, Dali, 671000, China.,College of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, China
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Barros S, D. Ribeiro AP, Offenbacher S, Loewy ZG. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Vitamin E in Response to Candida albicans. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060804. [PMID: 32466609 PMCID: PMC7356105 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis, inflammation, and ulceration that occur in the oral cavity can manifest in significant pain. A formulation was designed to investigate the potential of vitamin E to ameliorate inflammation resulting from Candida albicans in cell-based systems. Human gingival fibroblasts and THP1 cells were stimulated with heat killed C. albicans and Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (agonists). Unstimulated cells were included as controls. Cells were also simultaneously treated with a novel denture adhesive formulation that contains vitamin E (antagonist). The experimental conditions included cells exposed to the experimental formulation or the vehicle for 2 h for mRNA extraction and analysis, and cells left for 24 h under those experimental conditions for analysis of protein expression by ELISA. ssAffymetrix expression microarray pathway analyses demonstrated that the tested formulation exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of the following key inflammatory pathways: TLR 6, IL-1 signaling (IRAK, A20), NF-kappaB, IL-6 signaling (gp130, JK2 and GRB2), TNF signaling (TNF receptor) and Arachidonic acid metabolism (PLA2). Quantitative PCR array analysis confirmed the downregulation of key inflammatory genes when cells under adhesive treatment were challenged with heat killed C. albicans. PGE2 secretion was inhibited by the tested formulation only on THP1 cells after 24 h stimulation with C. albicans. These results suggest that the active formulation containing vitamin E acetate can modulate inflammatory responses, through anti-inflammatory actions as indicated by in vitro experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Barros
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Ana Paula D. Ribeiro
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.B.); (S.O.)
| | - Zvi G. Loewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence:
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Candida albicans β-Glucan-Containing Particles Increase HO-1 Expression in Oral Keratinocytes via a Reactive Oxygen Species/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Nrf2 Pathway. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00575-17. [PMID: 29311246 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00575-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral keratinocytes provide the first line of host defense against oral candidiasis. We speculated that interactions of fungal cell wall components with oral keratinocytes regulate the stress response against Candida infection and examined the expression of genes induced by heat-killed Candida albicans in oral immortalized keratinocytes using a cDNA microarray technique. Of 24,000 genes revealed by that analysis, we focused on HO-1, a stress-inducible gene, as its expression was increased by both heat-killed and live C. albicans In histological findings, HO-1 expression in the superficial layers of the oral epithelium following Candida infection was elevated compared to that in healthy epithelium. We then investigated fungal cell wall components involved in induction of HO-1 expression and found that β-glucan-containing particles (β-GPs) increased its expression. Furthermore, β-glucan was observed on the surface of both heat-killed C. albicans and Candida cells that had invaded the oral epithelium. Fungal β-GPs also promoted induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activation, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, while those specific inhibitors inhibited the HO-1 expression induced by fungal β-GPs. Moreover, fungal β-GPs induced Nrf2 translocation into nuclei via p38 MAPK signaling, while the HO-1 expression induced by fungal β-GPs was inhibited by Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, knockdown of cells by HO-1- and Nrf2-specific siRNAs resulted in increased β-GP-mediated ROS production compared to that in the control cells. Our results show that the HO-1 induced by fungal β-GPs via ROS/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 from oral keratinocytes may have important roles in host defense against the stress caused by Candida infection in the oral epithelium.
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 PMCID: PMC5339276 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to “inflammaging” that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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7
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Heron SE, Elahi S. HIV Infection and Compromised Mucosal Immunity: Oral Manifestations and Systemic Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 28326084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00241doi|] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces account for the vast majority of HIV transmission. In adults, HIV transmission occurs mainly by vaginal and rectal routes but rarely via oral route. By contrast, pediatric HIV infections could be as the result of oral route by breastfeeding. As such mucosal surfaces play a crucial role in HIV acquisition, and spread of the virus depends on its ability to cross a mucosal barrier. HIV selectively infects, depletes, and/or dysregulates multiple arms of the human immune system particularly at the mucosal sites and causes substantial irreversible damage to the mucosal barriers. This leads to microbial products translocation and subsequently hyper-immune activation. Although introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients, viral replication persists. As a result, antigen presence and immune activation are linked to "inflammaging" that attributes to a pro-inflammatory environment and the accelerated aging process in HIV patients. HIV infection is also associated with the prevalence of oral mucosal infections and dysregulation of oral microbiota, both of which may compromise the oral mucosal immunity of HIV-infected individuals. In addition, impaired oral immunity in HIV infection may predispose the patients to periodontal diseases that are associated with systemic inflammation and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this review is to examine existing evidence regarding the role of innate and cellular components of the oral cavity in HIV infection and how HIV infection may drive systemic hyper-immune activation in these patients. We will also discuss current knowledge on HIV oral transmission, HIV immunosenescence in relation to the oral mucosal alterations during the course of HIV infection and periodontal disease. Finally, we discuss oral manifestations associated with HIV infection and how HIV infection and ART influence the oral microbiome. Therefore, unraveling how HIV compromises the integrity of the oral mucosal tissues and innate immune components of the oral cavity and its association with induction of chronic inflammation are critical for the development of effective preventive interventions and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E Heron
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, AB , Canada
| | - Shokrollah Elahi
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Swidergall
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Scott G. Filler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Nittayananta W, Tao R, Jiang L, Peng Y, Huang Y. Oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era. J Oral Pathol Med 2015; 45:3-8. [PMID: 25639844 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral innate immunity, an important component in host defense and immune surveillance in the oral cavity, plays a crucial role in the regulation of oral health. As part of the innate immune system, epithelial cells lining oral mucosal surfaces not only provide a physical barrier but also produce different antimicrobial peptides, including human β-defensins (hBDs), secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), and various cytokines. These innate immune mediators help in maintaining oral homeostasis. When they are impaired either by local or systemic causes, various oral infections and malignancies may be developed. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and other co-infections appear to have both direct and indirect effects on systemic and local innate immunity leading to the development of oral opportunistic infections and malignancies. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the standard treatment of HIV infection, contributed to a global reduction of HIV-associated oral lesions. However, prolonged use of HAART may lead to adverse effects on the oral innate immunity resulting in the relapse of oral lesions. This review article focused on the roles of oral innate immunity in HIV infection in HAART era. The following five key questions were addressed: (i) What are the roles of oral innate immunity in health and disease?, (ii) What are the effects of HIV infection on oral innate immunity?, (iii) What are the roles of oral innate immunity against other co-infections?, (iv) What are the effects of HAART on oral innate immunity?, and (v) Is oral innate immunity enhanced by HAART?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renchuan Tao
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Lanlan Jiang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Peng
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuxiao Huang
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
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Wagener J, Weindl G, de Groot PWJ, de Boer AD, Kaesler S, Thavaraj S, Bader O, Mailänder-Sanchez D, Borelli C, Weig M, Biedermann T, Naglik JR, Korting HC, Schaller M. Glycosylation of Candida albicans cell wall proteins is critical for induction of innate immune responses and apoptosis of epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50518. [PMID: 23226301 PMCID: PMC3511564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
C. albicans is one of the most common fungal pathogen of humans, causing local and superficial mucosal infections in immunocompromised individuals. Given that the key structure mediating host-C. albicans interactions is the fungal cell wall, we aimed to identify features of the cell wall inducing epithelial responses and be associated with fungal pathogenesis. We demonstrate here the importance of cell wall protein glycosylation in epithelial immune activation with a predominant role for the highly branched N-glycosylation residues. Moreover, these glycan moieties induce growth arrest and apoptosis of epithelial cells. Using an in vitro model of oral candidosis we demonstrate, that apoptosis induction by C. albicans wild-type occurs in early stage of infection and strongly depends on intact cell wall protein glycosylation. These novel findings demonstrate that glycosylation of the C. albicans cell wall proteins appears essential for modulation of epithelial immunity and apoptosis induction, both of which may promote fungal pathogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Wagener
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Günther Weindl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Piet W. J. de Groot
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Albacete Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Albert D. de Boer
- Regional Center for Biomedical Research, Albacete Science & Technology Park, University of Castilla – La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
- Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selvam Thavaraj
- Department of Oral Immunology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Bader
- Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Borelli
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, München, Germany
| | - Michael Weig
- Department of Medical Microbiology and National Reference Center for Systemic Mycoses, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julian R. Naglik
- Department of Oral Immunology, King’s College London Dental Institute, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Schaller
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Ohta K, Nishi H, Fukui A, Shigeishi H, Takechi M, Kamata N. CX3CL1 expression induced by Candida albicans in oral fibroblasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:179-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Murzyn A, Krasowska A, Augustyniak D, Majkowska-Skrobek G, Łukaszewicz M, Dziadkowiec D. The effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on Candida albicans-infected human intestinal cell lines Caco-2 and Intestin 407. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 310:17-23. [PMID: 20629753 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02037.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces boulardii is a probiotic strain that confers many benefits to human enterocolopathies and is used against a number of enteric pathogens. Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes intestinal infections in immunocompromised patients, and after translocation into the bloodstream, is responsible for serious systemic candidiasis. In this study, we investigated the influence of S. boulardii cells and its culture extract on C. albicans adhesion to Caco-2 and Intestin 407 cell lines. We also tested the proinflammatory IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokine expression by C. albicans-infected Caco-2 cells, using real-time RT-PCR. We found that both S. boulardii and its extract significantly inhibited C. albicans adhesion to epithelial cell lines. The IL-8 gene expression by C. albicans-infected Caco-2 cells was suppressed by the addition of S. boulardii extract. Our results indicate that S. boulardii affects C. albicans adhesion and reduces cytokine-mediated inflammatory host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Murzyn
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63-77, Wrocław, Poland
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Lello J, Hussell T. Functional group/guild modelling of inter-specific pathogen interactions: a potential tool for predicting the consequences of co-infection. Parasitology 2008; 135:825-39. [PMID: 18477416 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182008000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Although co-infection is the norm in most human and animal populations, clinicians currently have no practical tool to assist them in choosing the best treatment strategy for such patients. Given the vast range of potential pathogens which may co-infect the host, obtaining such a practical tool may seem an intractable problem. In ecology the joint concepts of functional groups and guilds have been used to conceptually simplify complex ecosystems, in order to understand how their component parts interact and may be manipulated. Here we propose a mechanism by which to apply these concepts to pathogen co-infection systems. Further, we describe how these groups could be incorporated into a mathematical modelling framework which, after validation, could be used as a clinical tool to predict the outcome of any particular combination of pathogens co-infecting a host.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lello
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Biomedical Sciences Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3US.
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