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Arrieta-Gisasola A, Martínez-Ballesteros I, Martinez-Malaxetxebarria I, Bikandi J, Laorden L. Detection of mobile genetic elements conferring resistance to heavy metals in Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- and Salmonella Typhimurium serovars and their association with antibiotic resistance. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 426:110890. [PMID: 39241546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium variant 4,[5],12:i:- (referred to as S. 4,[5],12:i:-) has emerged rapidly as the predominant Salmonella serovar in pigs, often associated with the acquisition of antibiotic resistance (ABR) and heavy metal resistance (HMR) genes. Our study analysed 78 strains of S. 4,[5],12:i:- (n = 57) and S. Typhimurium (n = 21), collected from 1999 to 2021, to investigate the evolution of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) containing HMR and ABR genes. Five MGEs harbouring HMR genes were identified: pUO-STVR2, pSTM45, pUO-STmRV1, SGI-4 and MREL. Among the strains, 91.23 % (52/57) of S. 4,[5],12:i:- carried at least one of these elements, compared to only 14.29 % (3/21) of S. Typhimurium. Since 2008, S. 4,[5],12:i:- have shifted from predominantly carrying pUO-STmRV1 to the emergence of SGI-4 and MREL, reducing ABR genes, reflecting the European Union ban on the use of antibiotics as feed additives. Increased resistance to copper and silver in S. 4,[5],12:i:-, conferred by SGI-4 and MREL, reflected that their acquisition was linked to the ongoing use of heavy metals in food-animal production. However, strains carrying SGI-4 and MREL still exhibit multidrug resistance, emphasising the need for targeted interventions to mitigate multidrug-resistant Salmonella spread in veterinary and public health settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Arrieta-Gisasola
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - I Martínez-Ballesteros
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - I Martinez-Malaxetxebarria
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - J Bikandi
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Laorden
- MikroIker Research Group, Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
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Penha Filho RAC, Ferreira JC, Galetti R, Kanashiro AMI, Berchieri A, da Costa Darini AL. The rise of multidrug resistant Salmonella isolates in healthy chickens in Brazil by successful establishment of plasmid IncHI2A carrying several antibiotic resistance genes. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:469-474. [PMID: 36607526 PMCID: PMC9944584 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00893-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. is an important global issue in food-producing animals. The present study evaluated antimicrobial resistance and virulence profiles in Salmonella spp. isolates from chickens in Brazil. Identification of serotypes, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid profiles were performed. Three different serovars were found, S. Schwarzengrund, S. Newport and S. Kentucky. All isolates were considered Multidrug- resistance (MDR). Among the 32 Salmonella spp. isolates analysed, 29 isolates carried blaCTX-M-2 gene and showed the insertion sequence ISCR1 and a class 1 integron structure upstream from blaCTX-M-2. This gene was harboured in large IncHI2A plasmids with approximately 280kb. Furthermore, 30 isolates harboured tetA and tetB genes and 25 also harboured qnrB. The virulence genes invA, misL, orfL, spiC and pipD were detected in all isolates. The study shows a high prevalence of MDR Salmonella isolates disseminated in poultry farms. The association of the replicon IncHI2A with the resistance genes found, elevate the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
| | - Joseane Cristina Ferreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Renata Galetti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | | | - Angelo Berchieri
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto - University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
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Responses of the Soil Bacterial Community, Resistome, and Mobilome to a Decade of Annual Exposure to Macrolide Antibiotics. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0031622. [PMID: 35384705 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00316-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosolids that are applied to agricultural soil as an organic fertilizer are frequently contaminated with pharmaceutical residues that have persisted during wastewater treatment and partitioned into the organic phase. Macrolide antibiotics, which serve as a critically important human medicine, have been detected within biosolids. To determine the impacts of macrolide antibiotics on soil bacteria, every year for a decade, a series of replicated field plots received an application of a mixture of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin at a realistic (0.1 mg kg soil-1) or an unrealistically high (10 mg kg soil-1) dose or were left untreated. The effects of repeated antibiotic exposure on the soil bacterial community, resistome, mobilome, and integron gene cassette content were evaluated by 16S rRNA and integron gene cassette amplicon sequencing, as well as whole-metagenome sequencing. At the unrealistically high dose, the overall diversity of the resistome and mobilome was altered, as 21 clinically important antibiotic resistance genes predicted to encode resistance to 10 different antibiotic drug classes were increased and 20 mobile genetic element variants (tnpA, intI1, tnpAN, and IS91) were increased. In contrast, at the realistic dose, no effect was observed on the overall diversity of the soil bacterial community, resistome, mobilome, or integron gene cassette-carrying genes. Overall, these results suggest that macrolide antibiotics entrained into soil at concentrations anticipated with biosolid applications would not result in major changes to these endpoints. IMPORTANCE Biosolids, produced from the treatment of sewage sludge, are rich in plant nutrients and are a valuable alternative to inorganic fertilizer when applied to agricultural soil. However, the use of biosolids in agriculture, which are frequently contaminated with pharmaceuticals, such as macrolide antibiotics, may pose a risk to human health by selecting for antibiotic resistance genes that could be transferred to plant-based food destined for human consumption. The consequences of long-term, repeated macrolide antibiotic exposure on the diversity of the soil bacterial community, resistome, and mobilome were evaluated. At unrealistically high concentrations, macrolide antibiotics alter the overall diversity of the resistome and mobilome, enriching for antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements of concern to human health. However, at realistic antibiotic concentrations, no effect on these endpoints was observed, suggesting that current biosolids land management practices are unlikely to pose a risk to human health due to macrolide antibiotic contamination alone.
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García V, Herrero-Fresno A, Rodicio R, Felipe-López A, Montero I, Olsen JE, Hensel M, Rodicio MR. A Plasmid-Encoded FetMP-Fls Iron Uptake System Confers Selective Advantages to Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Growth under Iron-Restricted Conditions and for Infection of Mammalian Host Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050630. [PMID: 32349391 PMCID: PMC7285068 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance plasmid pUO-StVR2, derived from virulence plasmid pSLT, is widespread in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium recovered in Spain and other European countries. pUO-StVR2 carries several genes encoding a FetMP-Fls system, which could be involved in iron uptake. We therefore analyzed S. Typhimurium LSP 146/02, a clinical strain selected as representative of the isolates carrying the plasmid, and an otherwise isogenic mutant lacking four genes (fetMP-flsDA) of the fetMP-fls region. Growth curves and determination of the intracellular iron content under iron-restricted conditions demonstrated that deletion of these genes impairs iron acquisition. Thus, under these conditions, the mutant grew significantly worse than the wild-type strain, its iron content was significantly lower, and it was outcompeted by the wild-type strain in competition assays. Importantly, the strain lacking the fetMP-flsDA genes was less invasive in cultured epithelial HeLa cells and replicated poorly upon infection of RAW264.7 macrophages. The genes were introduced into S. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, which lacks the FetMP-Fls system, and this resulted in increased growth under iron limitation as well as an increased ability to multiply inside macrophages. These findings indicate that the FetMP-Fls iron acquisition system exceeds the benefits conferred by the other high-affinity iron uptake systems carried by ATCC 14028 and LSP 146/02. We proposed that effective iron acquisition by this system in conjunction with antimicrobial resistance encoded from the same plasmid have greatly contributed to the epidemic success of S. Typhimurium isolates harboring pUO-StVR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- Department of Functional Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.G.); (I.M.)
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (A.F.-L.); (M.H.)
| | - Ana Herrero-Fresno
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.H.-F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Rosaura Rodicio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain;
- Translacional Microbiology Group, Health Research Institute of Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain (ISPA)
| | - Alfonso Felipe-López
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (A.F.-L.); (M.H.)
| | - Ignacio Montero
- Department of Functional Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.G.); (I.M.)
| | - John E. Olsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark; (A.H.-F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Michael Hensel
- Division of Microbiology, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany; (A.F.-L.); (M.H.)
| | - María Rosario Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain; (V.G.); (I.M.)
- Translacional Microbiology Group, Health Research Institute of Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain (ISPA)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-985103562
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IS26 mediated antimicrobial resistance gene shuffling from the chromosome to a mosaic conjugative FII plasmid. Plasmid 2018; 100:22-30. [PMID: 30336162 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we report the identification of a sul3-associated class 1 integron containing the dfrA12-orfF-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-qacH array embedded in a Tn21-derived element that is part of a conjugative FII plasmid named pST1007-1A. The plasmid was identified in the Salmonella Typhimurium strain ST1007, a member of a clinically relevant clonal MDR lineage diffuse in Italy. ST1007 exhibited resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline and trimethoprim encoded by blaTEM-1, cmlA1, (aadA1, aadA2, strAB), (sul2, sul3), tet(B) and dfrA12 genes, respectively. Apart from pST1007-1A, ST1007 also harbours two chromosome-integrated resistance units RU1 (blaTEM-1-sul2-strAB) and RU2 (tet(B)), flanked by IS26 elements. RU1 and RU2 were able to move as translocatable units, respectively TU1 and TU2, and integrate via IS26 mediated recombination into pST1007-1A. A family of conjugative plasmids, harbouring different sets of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) was then generated: pST1007-1B (dfrA12-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-sul3- tet(B)), pST1007-1C (dfrA12-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-sul3-blaTEM-1-sul2-strAB), pST1007-1D (blaTEM-1-sul2-strAB), pST1007-1E (tet(B)) and pST1007-1F (dfrA12-aadA2-cmlA1-aadA1-sul3- tet(B) -blaTEM-1-sul2-strAB). pST1007-1A is also a mosaic plasmid containing two distinct DNA fragments acquired from I1 plasmids through recombination within the repA4, rfsF and repeat-3 sites. This study further highlights the role played by IS26 in intracellular ARGs shuffling. Moreover, attention has been focused on recombination hot spots that might play a key role in generating mosaic plasmids.
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García V, Montero I, Bances M, Rodicio R, Rodicio MR. Incidence and Genetic Bases of Nitrofurantoin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Two Successful Multidrug-Resistant Clones of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium: Pandemic "DT 104" and pUO-StVR2. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 23:405-412. [PMID: 27809653 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the incidence and genetic bases of nitrofurantoin resistance were established for clinical isolates of two successful clones of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the pandemic "DT 104" and the pUO-StVR2 clone. A total of 61 "DT 104" and 40 pUO-StVR2 isolates recovered from clinical samples during 2008-2014 and assigned to different phage types, were tested for nitrofurantoin susceptibility. As previously shown for older isolates, all newly tested pUO-StVR2 isolates were highly resistant to nitrofurantoin (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 128 μg/ml), while 42.6%, 24.6%, and 32.8% of the "DT 104" isolates were susceptible, showed intermediate resistance or were highly resistant, with MICs of 8, 64, and 128 μg/ml, respectively. The genetic bases of nitrofurantoin resistance were established by PCR amplification and sequencing of the nfsA and nfsB genes encoding oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases. pUO-StVR2 isolates shared identical alterations in both nfsA (IS1 inserted into the coding region) and nfsB (in frame duplication of two codons). "DT 104" isolates with intermediate or high resistance had a missense mutation affecting the start codon of nfsA, while a single resistant isolate carried an additional frameshift mutation affecting nfsB. Complementation studies, performed with wild-type nfsA and nfsB, cloned independently and together into low and high copy-number vectors, confirmed NfsA and NfsB as responsible for nitrofurantoin toxicity. The same alterations persisted along time in isolates of each clone belonging to different phage types. Accordingly, changes leading to nitrofurantoin resistance have probably occurred before phage type diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa García
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Ignacio Montero
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Margarita Bances
- 2 Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad , Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rosaura Rodicio
- 3 Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Edificio Santiago Gascón, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - M Rosario Rodicio
- 1 Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo , Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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García-Fierro R, Montero I, Bances M, González-Hevia MÁ, Rodicio MR. Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Molecular Typing ofSalmonella entericaSerovar Rissen from Different Sources. Microb Drug Resist 2016; 22:211-7. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel García-Fierro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Montero
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Margarita Bances
- Laboratorio de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - María Rosario Rodicio
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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Rowlands REG, Ristori CA, Ikuno AA, Barbosa ML, Jakabi M, Franco BDGDM. Prevalence of drug resistance and virulence features in Salmonella spp. isolated from foods associated or not with salmonellosis in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2015; 56:461-7. [PMID: 25351537 PMCID: PMC4296863 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000600001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is the most common etiological agent of cases and outbreaks of foodborne diarrheal illnesses. The emergence and spread of Salmonella spp., which has become multi-drug resistant and potentially more pathogenic, have increased the concern with this pathogen. In this study, 237 Salmonella spp., associated or not with foodborne salmonellosis in Brazil, belonging mainly to serotype Enteritidis, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of the virulence genes spvC, invA, sefA and pefA. Of the isolates, 46.8% were sensitive to all antimicrobials and 51.9% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance to more than one antimicrobial agent was observed in 10.5% of the strains. The highest rates of resistance were observed for streptomycin (35.9%) and nalidixic acid (16.9%). No strain was resistant to cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefotaxime, amikacin, ciprofloxacin and imipenem. The invA gene was detected in all strains. Genes spvC and pefA were found in 48.1% and 44.3% of strains, respectively. The gene sefA was detected in 31.6% of the strains and only among S. Enteritidis. Resistance and virulence determinants were detected in Salmonella strains belonging to several serotypes. The high rates of antibiotic-resistance in strains isolated from poultry products demonstrate the potential risk associated with the consumption of these products and the need to ensure good food hygiene practices from farm to table to reduce the spread of pathogens relevant to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alice A Ikuno
- Immunology Laboratory, Biologico Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Miyoko Jakabi
- Food Microbiology Laboratory, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Transposition and homologous recombination drive evolution of pUO-StVR2, a multidrug resistance derivative of pSLT, the virulence plasmid specific of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:99-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cluster of Escherichia coli isolates producing a plasmid-mediated OXA-48 β-lactamase in a Spanish hospital in 2012. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:3414-7. [PMID: 24951809 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01271-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three unrelated sequence type 131 (ST131), ST58, and ST83 Escherichia coli isolates with low-level resistance to imipenem and resistance to ertapenem were recovered in a Spanish hospital from July to October 2012. They were positive for blaOXA-48 carried by an IncL/M conjugative plasmid, which may have been acquired from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Beutlich J, Rodicio MR, Mendoza MC, García P, Kirchner M, Luzzi I, Mevius D, Threlfall J, Helmuth R, Guerra, on behalf of the Med-Vet-Ne B. Salmonella entericaserovarTyphimurium Virulence-Resistance Plasmids Derived from the pSLT Carrying Nonconventional Class 1 Integrons withdfrA12Gene in Their Variable Region andsul3in the 3′ Conserved Segment. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:437-45. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Beutlich
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Rosario Rodicio
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Mendoza
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Patricia García
- Department of Functional Biology, Area of Microbiology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miranda Kirchner
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Department of Bacteriology, Addlestone, United Kingdom
| | - Ida Luzzi
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS), Rome, Italy
| | - Dik Mevius
- Department of Bacteriology and TSEs, Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - John Threlfall
- Health Protection Agency (HPA), Centre for Infections, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reiner Helmuth
- Department of Biological Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
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Campos MJ, Palomo G, Hormeño L, Ugarte M, Porrero MC, Herrera-León S, Vadillo S, Píriz S, Quesada A. Co-Occurrence of ACSSuT and Cephalosporin Resistance Phenotypes Is Mediated by int1-Associated Elements in Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica from Human Infections in Spain. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:384-91. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jorge Campos
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
- Grupo de Investigação em Recursos Marinhos (GIRM), Instituto Politécnico de Leiria (IPL), Peniche, Portugal
| | - Gonzalo Palomo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Lorena Hormeño
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Ugarte
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Concepción Porrero
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Herrera-León
- Servicio de Bacteriología, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Vadillo
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Segundo Píriz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Alberto Quesada
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
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13
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Montero I, Herrero-Fresno A, Rodicio R, Rodicio MR. Efficient mobilization of a resistance derivative of pSLT, the virulence plasmid specific of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, by an IncI1 plasmid. Plasmid 2013; 70:104-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Virulence-resistance plasmids (pUO-StVR2-like) in meat isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Food Res Int 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2011.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance determinants by virulence plasmids specific for nontyphoid serovars of Salmonella enterica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1097/mrm.0b013e328346d87d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Whole-genome analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium T000240 reveals the acquisition of a genomic island involved in multidrug resistance via IS1 derivatives on the chromosome. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:623-30. [PMID: 21098248 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01215-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is frequently associated with life-threatening systemic infections, and the recent global emergence of multidrug resistance in S. enterica isolates from agricultural and clinical settings has raised concerns. In this study, we determined the whole-genome sequence of fluoroquinolone-resistant S. enterica serovar Typhimurium T000240 strain (DT12) isolated from human gastroenteritis in 2000. Comparative genome analysis revealed that T000240 displays high sequence similarity to strain LT2, which was originally isolated in 1940, indicating that progeny of LT2 might be reemerging. T000240 possesses a unique 82-kb genomic island, designated as GI-DT12, which is composed of multidrug resistance determinants, including a Tn2670-like composite transposon (class 1 integron [intI1, bla(oxa-30), aadA1, qacEΔ1, and sul1], mercury resistance proteins, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase), a Tn10-like tetracycline resistance protein (tetA), the aerobactin iron-acquisition siderophore system (lutA and lucABC), and an iron transporter (sitABCD). Since GI-DT12 is flanked by IS1 derivatives, IS1-mediated recombination likely played a role in the acquisition of this genomic island through horizontal gene transfer. The aminoglycoside-(3)-N-acetyltransferase (aac(3)) gene and a class 1 integron harboring the dfrA1 gene cassette responsible for gentamicin and trimethoprim resistance, respectively, were identified on plasmid pSTMDT12_L and appeared to have been acquired through homologous recombination with IS26. This study represents the first characterization of the unique genomic island GI-DT12 that appears to be associated with possible IS1-mediated recombination in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium. It is expected that future whole-genome studies will aid in the characterization of the horizontal gene transfer events for the emerging S. enterica serovar Typhimurium strains.
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Abstract
Aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. Unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. In some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. Among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at different -OH or -NH₂ groups of the 2-deoxystreptamine nucleus or the sugar moieties and can be nucleotidyltransferases, phosphotransferases, or acetyltransferases. The number of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes identified to date as well as the genetic environments where the coding genes are located is impressive and there is virtually no bacteria that is unable to support enzymatic resistance to aminoglycosides. Aside from the development of new aminoglycosides refractory to as many as possible modifying enzymes there are currently two main strategies being pursued to overcome the action of aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Their successful development would extend the useful life of existing antibiotics that have proven effective in the treatment of infections. These strategies consist of the development of inhibitors of the enzymatic action or of the expression of the modifying enzymes.
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González-Sanz R, Herrera-León S, de la Fuente M, Arroyo M, Echeita MA. Emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpC-type beta-lactamases in human Salmonella isolated in Spain from 2001 to 2005. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:1181-6. [PMID: 19815633 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Salmonella strains isolated from humans in a 5 year period in Spain, and to identify the responsible genes and their dissemination. METHODS Twenty-seven isolates were analysed by PCR and sequencing to identify the genes responsible for the beta-lactamase resistance phenotypes. The transferability of the phenotypes was tested by conjugation to Escherichia coli K12J53, plasmid detection with S1-PFGE, hybridization and PCRs of the transconjugants. The genetic relationship was determined by PFGE. RESULTS We found bla(CTX-M-9) and bla(CTX-M-10) in Salmonella Virchow PT19. bla(CTX-M-14) was detected in Salmonella (IV) 44:z(4),z(23):-, Salmonella Enteritidis PT6a, Salmonella Typhimurium DT193 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B. bla(CTX-M-1) was found in Salmonella Litchfield. bla(CTX-M-15) and bla(CTX-M-32) were found in Salmonella Enteritidis PT1. bla(SHV-12) was found in Salmonella Blockley, Salmonella Hadar PT2, Salmonella Enteritidis PT21, Salmonella Enteritidis PT1 and Salmonella Bredeney. bla(SHV-2) was found in Salmonella Livingstone. bla(CMY-2) was detected in Salmonella Bredeney, Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Enteritidis PT5b and Salmonella Heidelberg. bla(DHA-1) was detected for the first time in Spain in Salmonella Newport. One strain of Salmonella Senftenberg harboured two extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, bla(SHV-12) and bla(CTX-M-9). We have found a large variety of beta-lactamase families as well as several members of major relevance, such as CTX-M-15, CTX-M-32, CMY-2 and DHA-1. XbaI-PFGE, conjugation assays and S1-PFGE hybridization showed that all these beta-lactamases were mediated by plasmids. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the emergence of a public health risk related to resistance to beta-lactams in Salmonella. The resistance trends need to be monitored carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén González-Sanz
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Pérez-Moreno MO, Centelles-Serrano MJ, Cortell-Ortolá M, Ruiz J, Llovet-Lombarte MI, Jardí-Baiges AM, Fort-Gallifa I. Multidrug resistance related to class 1 integrons in human Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates and emergence of atypical sul3-associated integrons. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 34:381-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Herrero A, Mendoza MC, Threlfall EJ, Rodicio MR. Detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium with pUO-StVR2-like virulence-resistance hybrid plasmids in the United Kingdom. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28:1087-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-009-0753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ingeniería evolutiva en Salmonella: la emergencia de plásmidos híbridos de virulencia-resistencia a antimicrobianos en serotipos no tifoideos. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2009; 27:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Characterization of pUO-StVR2, a virulence-resistance plasmid evolved from the pSLT virulence plasmid of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2008; 52:4514-7. [PMID: 18852276 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00563-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
pUO-StVR2 is a virulence-resistance plasmid which originated from pSLT of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium through acquisition of a complex resistance island, flanked by regions that provide a toxin-antitoxin system and an iron uptake system. The presence of resistance and virulence determinants on the same plasmid allows coselection of both properties, potentially increasing health risks.
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