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Hameed A, Ketley JM, Woodacre A, Machado LR, Marsden GL. Molecular and in silico typing of the lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265585. [PMID: 35358234 PMCID: PMC8970381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extensive genetic variation in the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) core biosynthesis gene cluster has led to the development of a classification system; with 8 classes (I-VIII) for Campylobacter coli (C. coli) LOS region and with 23 classes (A-W) or four groups (1–4) for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) LOS region. PCR based LOS locus type identification for C. jejuni clinical isolates from a UK hospital as well as in silico LOS locus analysis for C. jejuni and C. coli genome sequences from GenBank was carried out to determine the frequencies of various LOS genotypes in C. jejuni and C. coli. Analysis of LOS gene content in 60 clinical C. jejuni isolates and 703 C. jejuni genome sequences revealed that class B (Group 1) was the most abundant LOS class in C. jejuni. The hierarchy of C. jejuni LOS group prevalence (group 1 > group 2 > group 3 > group 4) as well as the hierarchy of the frequency of C. jejuni LOS classes present within the group 1 (B > C > A > R > M > V), group 2 (H/P > O > E > W), group 3 (F > K > S) and group 4 (G > L) was identified. In silico analysis of LOS gene content in 564 C. coli genome sequences showed class III as the most abundant LOS locus type in C. coli. In silico analysis of LOS gene content also identified three novel LOS types of C. jejuni and previously unknown LOS biosynthesis genes in C. coli LOS locus types I, II, III, V and VIII. This study provides C. jejuni and C. coli LOS loci class frequencies in a smaller collection of C. jejuni clinical isolates as well as within the larger, worldwide database of C. jejuni and C. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hameed
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Julian M. Ketley
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woodacre
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R. Machado
- Centre for Physical Activity and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Heikema AP, Strepis N, Horst-Kreft D, Huynh S, Zomer A, Kelly DJ, Cooper KK, Parker CT. Biomolecule sulphation and novel methylations related to Guillain-Barré syndrome-associated Campylobacter jejuni serotype HS:19. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34723785 PMCID: PMC8743553 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni strains that produce sialylated lipooligosaccharides (LOS) can cause the immune-mediated disease Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The risk of GBS after infection with C. jejuni Penner serotype HS:19 is estimated to be at least six times higher than the average risk. Aside from LOS biosynthesis genes, genomic characteristics that promote an increased risk for GBS following C. jejuni HS:19 infection, remain uncharacterized. We hypothesized that strains with the HS:19 serotype have unique genomic features that explain the increased risk for GBS. We performed genome sequencing, alignments, single nucleotide polymorphisms' analysis and methylome characterization on a subset, and pan-genome analysis on a large number of genomes to compare HS:19 with non-HS:19 C. jejuni genome sequences. Comparison of 36 C. jejuni HS:19 with 874 C. jejuni non-HS:19 genome sequences led to the identification of three single genes and ten clusters containing contiguous genes that were significantly associated with C. jejuni HS:19. One gene cluster of seven genes, localized downstream of the capsular biosynthesis locus, was related to sulphation of biomolecules. This cluster also encoded the campylobacter sialyl transferase Cst-I. Interestingly, sulphated bacterial biomolecules such as polysaccharides can promote immune responses and, therefore, (in the presence of sialic acid) may play a role in the development of GBS. Additional gene clusters included those involved in persistence-mediated pathogenicity and gene clusters involved in restriction-modification systems. Furthermore, characterization of methylomes of two HS:19 strains exhibited novel methylation patterns (5′-CATG-3 and 5′-m6AGTNNNNNNRTTG-3) that could differentially effect gene-expression patterns of C. jejuni HS:19 strains. Our study provides novel insight into specific genetic features and possible virulence factors of C. jejuni associated with the HS:19 serotype that may explain the increased risk of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid P. Heikema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Astrid P. Heikema,
| | - Nikolaos Strepis
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Deborah Horst-Kreft
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Steven Huynh
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
| | - Aldert Zomer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kerry K. Cooper
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Craig T. Parker
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, California, USA
- *Correspondence: Craig T. Parker,
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Hameed A, Woodacre A, Machado LR, Marsden GL. An Updated Classification System and Review of the Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis Gene Locus in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:677. [PMID: 32508756 PMCID: PMC7248181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is an integral component of the Campylobacter cell membrane with a structure of core oligosaccharides forming inner and outer core regions and a lipid A moiety. The gene content of the LOS core biosynthesis cluster exhibits extensive sequence variation, which leads to the production of variable cell surface LOS structures in Campylobacter. Some LOS outer core molecules in Campylobacter jejuni are molecular mimics of host structures (such as neuronal gangliosides) and are thought to trigger neuronal disorders (particularly Guillain–Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome) in humans. The extensive genetic variation in the LOS biosynthesis gene cluster, a majority of which occurs in the LOS outer core biosynthesis gene content present between lgtF and waaV, has led to the development of a classification system with 23 classes (A–W) and four groups (1–4) for the C. jejuni LOS region. This review presents an updated and simplified classification system for LOS typing alongside an overview of the frequency of C. jejuni LOS biosynthesis genotypes and structures in various C. jejuni populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hameed
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Woodacre
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Lee R Machado
- Division of Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Northampton, United Kingdom
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Guirado P, Paytubi S, Miró E, Iglesias-Torrens Y, Navarro F, Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Stephan-Otto Attolini C, Balsalobre C, Madrid C. Differential Distribution of the wlaN and cgtB Genes, Associated with Guillain-Barré Syndrome, in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Humans, Broiler Chickens, and Wild Birds. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E325. [PMID: 32110976 PMCID: PMC7142995 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8030325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni causes campylobacteriosis, a bacterial gastroenteritis with high incidence worldwide. Moreover, C. jejuni infection can trigger the polyneuropathic disorder denominated Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). The C. jejuni strains that can elicit GBS carry either wlaN or cgtB, coding both genes for a β-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzyme that is required for the production of sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOSSIAL). We described a differential prevalence of the genes wlaN and cgtB in C. jejuni isolates from three different ecological niches: humans, broiler chickens, and wild birds. The distribution of both genes, which is similar between broiler chicken and human isolates and distinct when compared to the wild bird isolates, suggests a host-dependent distribution. Moreover, the prevalence of the wlaN and cgtB genes seems to be restricted to some clonal complexes. Gene sequencing identified the presence of new variants of the G- homopolymeric tract within the wlaN gene. Furthermore, we detected two variants of a G rich region within the cgtB gene, suggesting that, similarly to wlaN, the G-tract in the cgtB gene mediates the phase variation control of cgtB expression. Caco-2 cell invasion assays indicate that there is no evident correlation between the production of LOSSIAL and the ability to invade eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Guirado
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.); (S.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Sonia Paytubi
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.); (S.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Elisenda Miró
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (Y.I.-T.)
| | - Yaidelis Iglesias-Torrens
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (Y.I.-T.)
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Ferran Navarro
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Sant Quintí 89, 08041 Barcelona, Spain; (E.M.); (Y.I.-T.)
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA-IRTA-UAB). Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Camille Stephan-Otto Attolini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos Balsalobre
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.); (S.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Cristina Madrid
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biología, Universitat de Barcelona. Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (P.G.); (S.P.); (C.B.)
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5
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Johansson C, Nilsson A, Kaden R, Rautelin H. Campylobacter coli Clade 3 Isolates Induce Rapid Cell Death In Vitro. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e02993-18. [PMID: 30578266 PMCID: PMC6384112 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02993-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter bacteria are major human enteropathogens. Campylobacter coli shows less genetic diversity than C. jejuni and clusters into three clades, of which clade 1 includes most human and farm animal isolates, while environmental C. coli isolates mainly belong to clades 2 and 3. Recently, we sequenced the whole genomes of eight C. coli clade 2 and 3 isolates cultivated from water, and here we studied their interaction with human HT-29 colon cancer cells compared to that of clinical clade 1 isolates. All C. coli clade 3 isolates already caused cell necrosis 1 to 2 h after inoculation, whereas none of the clade 1 and 2 isolates analyzed induced cell death. Isolates from clades 2 and 3 adhered to epithelial cells better than clade 1 isolates, but all isolates induced similar levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8). Alignment and phylogenetic analysis of the translated putative virulence genes cadF, flpA, iamA, ciaB, and ceuE revealed clade-specific protein sequence variations, with clade 1 and 2 sequences being more closely related and clade 3 sequences being further apart, in general. Moreover, when RNA levels were measured, clade 3 isolates showed significantly lower levels of expression of cadF, iamA, and ceuE than clade 2 isolates, while flpA expression levels were higher in clade 3 isolates. The cytolethal distending toxin genes were also expressed in clades 2 and 3, although there was no difference between clades. Our findings demonstrate differences between the effects of C. coli clade 1, 2, and 3 isolates on human cells and suggest that C. coli clade 3 might be more virulent than clade 2 due to the observed cytotoxicity.IMPORTANCECampylobacter coli is a common zoonotic cause of gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. The majority of infections are caused by C. coli clade 1 isolates, whereas infections due to clade 2 and 3 isolates are rare. Whether this depends on a low prevalence of clade 2 and 3 isolates in reservoirs important for human infections or their lower ability to cause human disease is unknown. Here, we studied the effects of C. coli clade 2 and 3 isolates on a human cell line. These isolates adhered to human cells to a higher degree than clinical clade 1 isolates. Furthermore, we could show that C. coli clade 3 isolates rapidly induced cell death, suggesting differences in the virulence of C. coli The exact mechanism of cell death remains to be revealed, but selected genes showed interesting clade-specific expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Johansson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - René Kaden
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Duarte A, Botteldoorn N, Miller W, Coucke W, Martiny D, Hallin M, Seliwiorstow T, De Zutter L, Uyttendaele M, Vandenberg O, Dierick K. Relation between broiler and humanCampylobacter jejunistrains isolated in Belgium from 2011 to 2013. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:277-287. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Duarte
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
| | - N. Botteldoorn
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
| | - W.G. Miller
- USDA, ARS, WRRC, Produce Safety and Microbiology; Albany CA USA
| | - W. Coucke
- Section Quality of Laboratories; Sciensano; Brussels Belgium
| | - D. Martiny
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Microbiology; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Hallin
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Molecular Diagnosis; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - T. Seliwiorstow
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - L. De Zutter
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Merelbeke Belgium
| | - M. Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation; Department of Food Safety and Food Quality; Faculty of Bioscience Engineering; Ghent University; Gent Belgium
| | - O. Vandenberg
- National Reference Center for Campylobacter; Saint Pierre University Hospital; Brussels Belgium
- Department of Microbiology; LHUB-ULB; Pôle Hospitalier Universitaire de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
- Center for Environmental Health and Occupational Health; School of Public Health; Université Libre de Bruxelles; Brussels Belgium
| | - K. Dierick
- National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter; Sciensano; Scientific Service Foodborne Pathogens; Brussels Belgium
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8
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Hansson I, Sandberg M, Habib I, Lowman R, Engvall EO. Knowledge gaps in control of Campylobacter for prevention of campylobacteriosis. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:30-48. [PMID: 29663680 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is an important, worldwide public health problem with numerous socio-economic impacts. Since 2015, approximately 230,000 cases have been reported annually in Europe. In the United States, Australia and New Zealand, campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported disease. Poultry and poultry products are considered important sources of human infections. Poultry meat can become contaminated with Campylobacter during slaughter if live chickens are intestinal carriers. Campylobacter spp. can be transferred from animals to humans through consumption and handling of contaminated food products, with fresh chicken meat being the most commonly implicated food type. Regarding food-borne disease, the most important Campylobacter species are Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. In humans, clinical signs of campylobacteriosis include diarrhoea, abdominal pain, fever, headache, nausea and vomiting. Most cases of campylobacteriosis are sporadic and self-limiting, but there are post-infection complications, for example, Guillain-Barrés syndrome. This review summarizes an analysis undertaken by the DISCONTOOLS group of experts on campylobacteriosis. Gaps were identified in: (i) knowledge of true number of infected humans; (ii) mechanisms of pathogenicity to induce infection in humans; (iii) training to prevent transfer of Campylobacter from raw to ready-to-eat food; (iv) development of effective vaccines; (v) understanding transmission routes to broiler flocks; (vi) knowledge of bacteriocins, bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides as preventive therapies; (vii) ration formulation as an effective preventive measure at a farm level; (viii) development of kits for rapid detection and quantification of Campylobacter in animals and food products; and (ix) development of more effective antimicrobials for treatment of humans infected with Campylobacter. Some of these gaps are relevant worldwide, whereas others are more related to problems encountered with Campylobacter in industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Hansson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Sandberg
- Food Safety, Veterinary Issues & Risk Analysis Danish Agriculture & Food Council, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Habib
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - R Lowman
- Independent Veterinary Public Health Research Specialist, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - E O Engvall
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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A representative overview of the genetic diversity and lipooligosaccharide sialylation in Campylobacter jejuni along the broiler production chain in France and its comparison with human isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 274:20-30. [PMID: 29579648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and is associated with post-infectious neuropathies. Moreover, the chicken reservoir is described as the main source of human infection and C. jejuni sialylated lipooligosaccharides seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathies. In this study, MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Comparative Genomic Fingerprinting using 40 assay genes (CGF40) were used to describe C. jejuni populations within clinical isolates and a representative collection of isolates from French poultry production. In addition, the sialylation of C. jejuni LOS was assessed. Here, we report high levels of genetic diversity among both chicken and human disease C. jejuni populations. The predominance of the ST-21, ST-45, and ST-464 complexes in chicken isolates and of the ST-21, ST-206, and ST-48 complexes in the clinical isolates was observed as were correlations between some MLST and CGF40 genotypes. Furthermore, some C. jejuni genotypes were frequently isolated among clinical cases as well as all along the broiler production chain, suggesting a potentially high implication of chicken in human campylobacteriosis in France. Finally, the LOS classes A, B and C were predominant within clinical C. jejuni isolates supporting the hypothesis of a benefit in infectivity for C. jejuni isolates showing sialylated LOS.
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Neal-McKinney JM, Liu KC, Jinneman KC, Wu WH, Rice DH. Whole Genome Sequencing and Multiplex qPCR Methods to Identify Campylobacter jejuni Encoding cst-II or cst-III Sialyltransferase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:408. [PMID: 29615986 PMCID: PMC5865068 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni causes more than 2 million cases of gastroenteritis annually in the United States, and is also linked to the autoimmune sequelae Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS). GBS often results in flaccid paralysis, as the myelin sheaths of nerve cells are degraded by the adaptive immune response. Certain strains of C. jejuni modify their lipooligosaccharide (LOS) with the addition of neuraminic acid, resulting in LOS moieties that are structurally similar to gangliosides present on nerve cells. This can trigger GBS in a susceptible host, as antibodies generated against C. jejuni can cross-react with gangliosides, leading to demyelination of nerves and a loss of signal transduction. The goal of this study was to develop a quantitative PCR (qPCR) method and use whole genome sequencing data to detect the Campylobacter sialyltransferase (cst) genes responsible for the addition of neuraminic acid to LOS. The qPCR method was used to screen a library of 89 C. jejuni field samples collected by the Food and Drug Administration Pacific Northwest Lab (PNL) as well as clinical isolates transferred to PNL. In silico analysis was used to screen 827 C. jejuni genomes in the FDA GenomeTrakr SRA database. The results indicate that a majority of C. jejuni strains could produce LOS with ganglioside mimicry, as 43.8% of PNL isolates and 46.9% of the GenomeTrakr isolates lacked the cst genes. The methods described in this study can be used by public health laboratories to rapidly determine whether a C. jejuni isolate has the potential to induce GBS. Based on these results, a majority of C. jejuni in the PNL collection and submitted to GenomeTrakr have the potential to produce LOS that mimics human gangliosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Neal-McKinney
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Kun C Liu
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Karen C Jinneman
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Wen-Hsin Wu
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
| | - Daniel H Rice
- Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Applied Technology Center, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Bothell, WA, United States
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Nilsson A, Johansson C, Skarp A, Kaden R, Engstrand L, Rautelin H. Genomic and phenotypic characteristics of Swedish C. jejuni water isolates. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189222. [PMID: 29216271 PMCID: PMC5720728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. Major reservoirs are warm-blooded animals, poultry in particular, but Campylobacter can also be transmitted via water. In this paper, we have taken a closer look at the biology and potential virulence of C. jejuni water isolates. Seven C. jejuni isolates from incoming surface water at water plants in Sweden were characterized with whole genome sequencing and phenotypical testing. Multi locus sequence typing analysis revealed that these isolates belonged to groups known to include both common (ST48CC) and uncommon (ST1275CC, ST683, ST793 and ST8853) human pathogens. Further genomic characterization revealed that these isolates had potential for arsenic resistance (due to presence of arsB gene in all isolates), an anaerobic dimethyl sulfoxide oxidoreductase (in three isolates) and lacked the MarR-type transcriptional regulator gene rrpB (in all but one isolate) earlier shown to be involved in better survival under oxidative and aerobic stress. As putative virulence factors were concerned, there were differences between the water isolates in the presence of genes coding for cytolethal distending toxin (cdtABC), Type VI secretion system and sialylated LOS, as well as in biofilm formation. However, all isolates were motile and could adhere to and invade the human HT-29 colon cancer cell line in vitro and induce IL-8 secretion suggesting potential to infect humans. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study where C. jejuni water isolates have been characterized using whole genome sequencing and phenotypical assays. We found differences and shared traits among the isolates but also potential to infect humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Johansson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Astrid Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - René Kaden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Engstrand
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, and Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Ellström P, Hansson I, Nilsson A, Rautelin H, Olsson Engvall E. Lipooligosaccharide locus classes and putative virulence genes among chicken and human Campylobacter jejuni isolates. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:116. [PMID: 27871232 PMCID: PMC5118878 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0740-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter cause morbidity and considerable economic loss due to hospitalization and post infectious sequelae such as reactive arthritis, Guillain Barré- and Miller Fischer syndromes. Such sequelae have been linked to C. jejuni harboring sialic acid structures in their lipooligosaccharide (LOS) layer of the cell wall. Poultry is an important source of human Campylobacter infections but little is known about the prevalence of sialylated C. jejuni isolates and the extent of transmission of such isolates to humans. Results Genotypes of C. jejuni isolates from enteritis patients were compared with those of broiler chicken with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), to study the patterns of LOS biosynthesis genes and other virulence associated genes and to what extent these occur among Campylobacter genotypes found both in humans and chickens. Chicken and human isolates generally had similar distributions of the putative virulence genes and LOS locus classes studied. However, there were significant differences regarding LOS locus class of PFGE types that were overlapping between chicken and human isolates and those that were distinct to each source. Conclusions The study highlights the prevalence of virulence associated genes among Campylobacter isolates from humans and chickens and suggests possible patterns of transmission between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, BMC A9:3, Husargatan 3, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ingrid Hansson
- Department of Microbiology, EU Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hilpi Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Olsson Engvall
- Department of Microbiology, EU Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, National Veterinary Institute, SE-75189, Uppsala, Sweden
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Mateos-Hernández L, Villar M, Doncel-Pérez E, Trevisan-Herraz M, García-Forcada Á, Ganuza FR, Vázquez J, de la Fuente J. Quantitative proteomics reveals Piccolo as a candidate serological correlate of recovery from Guillain-Barré syndrome. Oncotarget 2016; 7:74582-74591. [PMID: 27776345 PMCID: PMC5342688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy of unknown cause. However, about a quarter of GBS patients have suffered a recent bacterial or viral infection, and axonal forms of the disease are especially common in these patients. Proteomics is a good methodological approach for the discovery of disease biomarkers. Until recently, most proteomics studies of GBS and other neurodegenerative diseases have focused on the analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, serum represents an attractive alternative to CSF because it is easier to sample and has potential for biomarker discovery. The goal of this research was the identification of serum biomarkers associated with recovery from GBS. To address this objective, a quantitative proteomics approach was used to characterize differences in the serum proteome between a GBS patient and her healthy identical twin in order to lessen variations due to differences in genetic background, and with additional serum samples collected from unrelated GBS (N = 3) and Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) (N = 3) patients with similar medications. Proteomics results were then validated by ELISA using sera from additional GBS patients (N = 5) and healthy individuals (N = 3). All GBS and SCI patients were recovering from the acute phase of the disease. The results showed that Piccolo, a protein that is essential in the maintenance of active zone structure, constitutes a potential serological correlate of recovery from GBS. These results provided the first evidence for the Piccolo´s putative role in GBS, suggesting a candidate target for developing a serological marker of disease recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Mateos-Hernández
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ernesto Doncel-Pérez
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Ángel García-Forcada
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisco Romero Ganuza
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha (SESCAM), Finca La Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - José de la Fuente
- SaBio. Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Discriminative power of Campylobacter phenotypic and genotypic typing methods. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 125:33-9. [PMID: 26996762 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare different typing methods, individually and combined, for use in the monitoring of Campylobacter in food. Campylobacter jejuni (n=94) and Campylobacter coli (n=52) isolated from different broiler meat carcasses were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), flagellin gene A restriction fragment length polymorphism typing (flaA-RFLP), antimicrobial resistance profiling (AMRp), the presence/absence of 5 putative virulence genes; and, exclusively for C. jejuni, the determination of lipooligosaccharide (LOS) class. Discriminatory power was calculated by the Simpson's index of diversity (SID) and the congruence was measured by the adjusted Rand index and adjusted Wallace coefficient. MLST was individually the most discriminative typing method for both C. jejuni (SID=0.981) and C. coli (SID=0.957). The most discriminative combination with a SID of 0.992 for both C. jejuni and C. coli was obtained by combining MLST with flaA-RFLP. The combination of MLST with flaA-RFLP is an easy and feasible typing method for short-term monitoring of Campylobacter in broiler meat carcass.
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Skarp CPA, Akinrinade O, Nilsson AJE, Ellström P, Myllykangas S, Rautelin H. Comparative genomics and genome biology of invasive Campylobacter jejuni. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17300. [PMID: 26603914 PMCID: PMC4658567 DOI: 10.1038/srep17300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major pathogen in bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and can cause bacteremia in severe cases. C. jejuni is highly structured into clonal lineages of which the ST677CC lineage has been overrepresented among C. jejuni isolates derived from blood. In this study, we characterized the genomes of 31 C. jejuni blood isolates and 24 faecal isolates belonging to ST677CC in order to study the genome biology related to C. jejuni invasiveness. We combined the genome analyses with phenotypical evidence on serum resistance which was associated with phase variation of wcbK; a GDP-mannose 4,6-dehydratase involved in capsular biosynthesis. We also describe the finding of a Type III restriction-modification system unique to the ST-794 sublineage. However, features previously considered to be related to pathogenesis of C. jejuni were either absent or disrupted among our strains. Our results refine the role of capsule features associated with invasive disease and accentuate the possibility of methylation and restriction enzymes in the potential of C. jejuni to establish invasive infections. Our findings underline the importance of studying clinically relevant well-characterized bacterial strains in order to understand pathogenesis mechanisms important in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. P. A. Skarp
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O. Akinrinade
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - A. J. E. Nilsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P. Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. Myllykangas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - H. Rautelin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala
University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Guyard-Nicodème M, Rivoal K, Houard E, Rose V, Quesne S, Mourand G, Rouxel S, Kempf I, Guillier L, Gauchard F, Chemaly M. Prevalence and characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from chicken meat sold in French retail outlets. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 203:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Ellström P, Hansson I, Söderström C, Engvall EO, Rautelin H. A prospective follow-up study on transmission of Campylobacter from poultry to abattoir workers. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2014; 11:684-8. [PMID: 24885791 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact with poultry or poultry meat is a well-known risk factor for campylobacteriosis, but prospective studies on transmission of Campylobacter from chickens to humans during slaughter are scarce. In this study, we monitored transmission of Campylobacter from slaughtered chicken to originally culture-negative abattoir workers during the peak season of colonized chicken and human Campylobacter infection. Stool samples were obtained from 28 abattoir workers together with data on health status once a month between June and September 2010, with a follow-up sample collected in February 2011. Campylobacter-positive individuals and chicken flocks were identified by culture, and isolates were further characterized using molecular techniques. Campylobacter was isolated from seven asymptomatic individuals. Four of them had been newly employed and had not reported any previous Campylobacter infection. Four human isolates had matching genetic fingerprints with isolates from recently slaughtered chickens. Our results further support the role of chicken as the source of human Campylobacter infection but suggest that asymptomatic Campylobacter infection may occur even in individuals with only limited earlier exposure to Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Ellström
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden
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Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of molecular typing methods for major food‐borne microbiological hazards and their use for attribution modelling, outbreak investigation and scanning surveillance: Part 1 (evaluation of methods and applications). EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ellström P, Feodoroff B, Hänninen ML, Rautelin H. Lipooligosaccharide locus class of Campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection. Clin Microbiol Infect 2013; 20:524-9. [PMID: 24102802 PMCID: PMC4235400 DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. It can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. A total of 73 C. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over Finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. We screened the isolates by PCR for the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) locus class and for the presence of the putative virulence genes ceuE, ciaB, fucP, and virB11. The isolates were also tested for γ-glutamyl transpeptidase production. The results were analysed with respect to the clinical characteristics of the patients, and the multilocus sequence types (MLSTs) and serum resistance of the isolates. LOS locus classes A, B, and C, which carry genes for sialylation of LOS, were detected in only 23% of the isolates. These isolates were not more resistant to human serum than those with the genes of non-sialylated LOS locus classes, but were significantly more prevalent among patients with underlying diseases (p 0.02). The fucose permease gene fucP was quite uncommon, but was associated with the isolates with the potential to sialylate LOS (p <0.0001). LOS locus classes and some of the putative virulence factors were associated with MLST clonal complexes. Although some of the bacterial characteristics studied here have been suggested to be important for the invasiveness of C. jejuni, they did not explain why the clinical isolates in the present study were able to cause bacteraemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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