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Giles JB, Martinez KL, Steiner HE, Klein A, Ooi A, Pryor J, Sweitzer N, Fuchs D, Karnes JH. Association of Metal Cations with the Anti-PF4/Heparin Antibody Response in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2024; 24:968-981. [PMID: 39017812 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-024-09895-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an antibody-mediated immune response against complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The electrostatic interaction between heparin and PF4 is critical for the anti-PF4/heparin antibody response seen in HIT. The binding of metal cations to heparin induces conformational changes and charge neutralization of the heparin molecule, and cation-heparin binding can modulate the specificity and affinity for heparin-binding partners. However, the effects of metal cation binding to heparin in the context of anti-PF4/heparin antibody response have not been determined. Here, we utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify 16 metal cations in patient plasma and tested for correlation with anti-PF4/heparin IgG levels and platelet count after clinical suspicion of HIT in a cohort of heparin-treated patients. The average age of the cohort (n = 32) was 60.53 (SD = 14.31) years old, had a mean anti-PF4/heparin antibody optical density [OD405] of 0.93 (SD = 1.21) units, and was primarily female (n = 23). Patients with positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody test results (OD405 ≥ 0.5 units) were younger, had increased weight and BMI, and were more likely to have a positive serotonin release assay (SRA) result compared to antibody-negative patients. We observed statistical differences between antibody-positive and -negative groups for sodium and aluminum and significant correlations of anti-PF4/heparin antibody levels with sodium and silver. While differences in sodium concentrations were associated with antibody-positive status and correlated with antibody levels, no replication was performed. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our observed association, including in vitro binding studies and larger observational cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Giles
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kiana L Martinez
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin AVE, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Heidi E Steiner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin AVE, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Andrew Klein
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin AVE, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Julie Pryor
- Banner University Medical Center-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nancy Sweitzer
- John T Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah Fuchs
- Banner University Medical Center-Tucson, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jason H Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, 1295 N Martin AVE, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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2
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Giles JB, Martinez KL, Steiner HE, Klein A, Ooi A, Pryor J, Sweitzer N, Fuchs D, Karnes JH. Association of Metal Cations with the Anti-PF4/Heparin Antibody Response in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4385055. [PMID: 38798628 PMCID: PMC11118685 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4385055/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an antibody-mediated immune response against complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4 (PF4). The electrostatic interaction between heparin and PF4 is critical for the anti-PF4/heparin antibody response seen in HIT. The binding of metal cations to heparin induces conformational changes and charge neutralization of the heparin molecule, and cation-heparin binding can modulate the specificity and affinity for heparin-binding partners. However, the effects of metal cation binding to heparin in the context of anti-PF4/heparin antibody response have not been determined. Here, we utilized inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to quantify 16 metal cations in patient plasma and tested for correlation with anti-PF4/heparin IgG levels and platelet count after clinical suspicion of HIT in a cohort of heparin-treated patients. The average age of the cohort (n = 32) was 60.53 (SD = 14.31) years old, had a mean anti-PF4/heparin antibody optical density [OD405] of 0.93 (SD = 1.21) units and was primarily female (n = 23). Patients with positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody test results (OD405 ≥ 0.5 units) were younger, had increased weight and BMI, and were more likely to have a positive serotonin release assay (SRA) result compared to antibody negative patients. We observed statistical differences between antibody positive and negative groups for sodium and aluminum and significant correlations of anti-PF4/heparin antibody levels with sodium and silver. While differences in sodium concentrations were associated with antibody positive status and correlated with antibody levels, no replication was performed. Additional studies are warranted to confirm our observed association, including in vitro binding studies and larger observational cohorts.
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3
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Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Giles JB, Miller EC, Steiner HE, Karnes JH. Elucidation of Cellular Contributions to Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Using Omic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:812830. [PMID: 35126147 PMCID: PMC8814424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.812830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an unpredictable, complex, immune-mediated adverse drug reaction associated with a high mortality. Despite decades of research into HIT, fundamental knowledge gaps persist regarding HIT likely due to the complex and unusual nature of the HIT immune response. Such knowledge gaps include the identity of a HIT immunogen, the intrinsic roles of various cell types and their interactions, and the molecular basis that distinguishes pathogenic and non-pathogenic PF4/heparin antibodies. While a key feature of HIT, thrombocytopenia, implicates platelets as a seminal cell fragment in HIT pathogenesis, strong evidence exists for critical roles of multiple cell types. The rise in omic technologies over the last decade has resulted in a number of agnostic, whole system approaches for biological research that may be especially informative for complex phenotypes. Applying multi-omics techniques to HIT has the potential to bring new insights into HIT pathophysiology and identify biomarkers with clinical utility. In this review, we review the clinical, immunological, and molecular features of HIT with emphasis on key cell types and their roles. We then address the applicability of several omic techniques underutilized in HIT, which have the potential to fill knowledge gaps related to HIT biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B. Giles
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Elise C. Miller
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heidi E. Steiner
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Jason H. Karnes
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Jason H. Karnes,
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5
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Stelling MP, Motta JM, Mashid M, Johnson WE, Pavão MS, Farrell NP. Metal ions and the extracellular matrix in tumor migration. FEBS J 2020; 286:2950-2964. [PMID: 31379111 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we explore the roles of divalent metal ions in structure and function within the extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically, their interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) during tumor progression. Metals and GAGs have been individually associated with physiological and pathological processes, however, their combined activities in regulating cell behavior and ECM remodeling have not been fully explored to date. During tumor progression, divalent metals and GAGs participate in central processes, such as cell migration and angiogenesis, either by modulating cell surface molecules, as well as soluble signaling factors. In addition, studies on metals and polysaccharides interactions have been of great value, as they provide structural information that can be correlated with function. Finally, we believe that understanding how metals are regulated in physiological and pathological conditions is paramount for the development of new treatment strategies, as well as diagnostic and exploratory tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana P Stelling
- Instituto Federal de Educacao, Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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6
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Wu Q, Wang JY, Han DQ, Yao ZP. Recent advances in differentiation of isomers by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Mathews JA, Ni YG, Wang C, Peterson JE, Ray C, Zhao X, Duan D, Hamon S, Allinson J, Hokom M, Wegner G. Considerations for Soluble Protein Biomarker Blood Sample Matrix Selection. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:38. [PMID: 31997095 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-0412-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Blood-based soluble protein biomarkers provide invaluable clinical information about patients and are used as diagnostic, prognostic, and pharmacodynamic markers. The most commonly used blood sample matrices are serum and different types of plasma. In drug development research, the impact of sample matrix selection on successful protein biomarker quantification is sometimes overlooked. The sample matrix for a specific analyte is often chosen based on prior experience or literature searches, without good understanding of the possible effects on analyte quantification. Using a data set of 32 different soluble protein markers measured in matched serum and plasma samples, we examined the differences between serum and plasma and discussed how platelet or immune cell activation can change the quantified concentration of the analyte. We have also reviewed the effect of anticoagulant on analyte quantification. Finally, we provide specific recommendations for biomarker sample matrix selection and propose a systematic and data-driven approach for sample matrix selection. This review is intended to raise awareness of the impact and considerations of sample matrix selection on biomarker quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Mathews
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, 2855 Gazelle Rd., Carlsbad, California, 92010, USA.
| | - Yan G Ni
- Regeneron, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Chad Ray
- Zoetis, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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8
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Li Z, Li L, McKenna KR, Schmidt M, Pollet P, Gelbaum L, Fernández FM, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL. The Oligomerization of Glucose Under Plausible Prebiotic Conditions. ORIGINS LIFE EVOL B 2019; 49:225-240. [PMID: 31792744 DOI: 10.1007/s11084-019-09588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prebiotic origin of polysaccharides, the largest class of biopolymers by mass in extant biology, has seldom been investigated experimentally. Herein, we report on the acid-catalyzed condensation of aqueous solutions of glucose, a model monosaccharide, under plausible prebiotic conditions employing a wet-dry (night-day) protocol with 0.01 M HCl at 50 °C. This protocol leads to the formation of oligosaccharides containing up to eight monomeric units identified by high resolution mass spectrometry. The regio- and stereochemistry of the oligomeric acetal linkages, as well as the quantitative analysis of glucose conversion, are elucidated by combining 1H, 13C and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Ten out of eleven possible acetal linkages, including α- and β- anomers, have been identified with the α- and β- 1,6-acetals being the dominant linkages observed. In addition, the acid-catalyzed oligomerization of several glucose disaccharides such as cellobiose, maltose, and gentiobiose are presented along with an accompanying comparison with the corresponding oligomerization of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Kristin R McKenna
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Merranda Schmidt
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ripon College, Ripon, WI, 54971, USA
| | - Pamela Pollet
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Leslie Gelbaum
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Facundo M Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Ramanarayanan Krishnamurthy
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Charles L Liotta
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- NSF/NASA Center for Chemical Evolution, Alexandria, GA, 30332, USA.
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9
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Analysis of Procollagen C-Proteinase Enhancer-1/Glycosaminoglycan Binding Sites and of the Potential Role of Calcium Ions in the Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205021. [PMID: 31658765 PMCID: PMC6829435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we characterize the interactions between the extracellular matrix protein, procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 (PCPE-1), and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are linear anionic periodic polysaccharides. We applied molecular modeling approaches to build a structural model of full-length PCPE-1, which is not experimentally available, to predict GAG binding poses for various GAG lengths, types and sulfation patterns, and to determine the effect of calcium ions on the binding. The computational data are analyzed and discussed in the context of the experimental results previously obtained using surface plasmon resonance binding assays. We also provide experimental data on PCPE-1/GAG interactions obtained using inhibition assays with GAG oligosaccharides ranging from disaccharides to octadecasaccharides. Our results predict the localization of GAG-binding sites at the amino acid residue level onto PCPE-1 and is the first attempt to describe the effects of ions on protein-GAG binding using modeling approaches. In addition, this study allows us to get deeper insights into the in silico methodology challenges and limitations when applied to GAG-protein interactions.
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10
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Porter JE, Chapagain P, Fernandez-Lima F. Single-stranded DNA structural diversity: TAGGGT from monomers to dimers to tetramer formation. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33 Suppl 2:60-65. [PMID: 30506977 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE DNA quadruplex structures have emerged as novel drug targets due to their role in preventing abnormal gene transcription and maintaining telomere stability. Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry (TIMS-MS), combined with theoretical modeling, is a powerful tool for studying the kinetic intermediates of DNA complexes formed in solution and interrogated in the gas phase after desolvation. METHODS A TAGGGT ssDNA sequence was purchased and studied in 10 mM ammonium acetate using nanospray electrospray ionization (nESI)-TIMS-MS in positive and negative ion mode. Collisional cross section (CCS) profiles were measured using internal calibration (Tune Mix). Theoretical structures were proposed based on molecular dynamics, charge location and geometry optimization for the most intense IMS bands based on the number of TAGGGT units, adduct form and charge states. RESULTS A distribution of monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric TAGGGT structures were formed in solution and separated in the gas phase based on their mobility and m/z value (e.g., [M + 2H]+2 , [2M + 3H]+3 , [M - 2H]-2 , [2M - 3H]-3 , [4M + 4H]+4 , [4M + 3H + NH4 ]+4 , [4M + 2H + 2NH4 ]+4 and [4M + H + 3NH4 ]+4 ). The high mobility resolution of the TIMS-MS analyzer permitted the observation of multiple CCS bands per molecular ion form. Comparison with theoretical candidate structures suggests that monomeric TAGGGT species are stabilized by A-T and G+ -G interactions, with the size of the conformer influenced by the proton location. In the case of the TAGGGT quadruplex, the protonated species displayed a broad CCS distribution, while six discrete conformers were stabilized by the presence of ammonium ions (n = 1-3). CONCLUSIONS This is the first observation of multiple conformations of TAGGGT complexes (n = 1, 2 and 4) in 10 mM ammonium acetate. Candidate structures with intramolecular interactions of the form of G+ -G and traditional A-T base pairing agreed with the experimental trends. Our results demonstrate the structural diversity of TAGGGT monomers, dimers and tetramers in the gas phase beyond the previously reported solution structure, using 10 mM ammonium acetate to replicate biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E Porter
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Prem Chapagain
- Department of Physics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Francisco Fernandez-Lima
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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11
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Wei J, Wu J, Tang Y, Ridgeway ME, Park MA, Costello CE, Zaia J, Lin C. Characterization and Quantification of Highly Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Isomers by Gated-Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry Negative Electron Transfer Dissociation MS/MS. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2994-3001. [PMID: 30649866 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play vital roles in many biological processes and are naturally present as complex mixtures of polysaccharides with tremendous structural heterogeneity, including many structural isomers. Mass spectrometric analysis of GAG isomers, in particular highly sulfated heparin (Hep) and heparan sulfate (HS), is challenging because of their structural similarity and facile sulfo losses during analysis. Herein, we show that highly sulfated Hep/HS isomers may be resolved by gated-trapped ion mobility spectrometry (gated-TIMS) with negligible sulfo losses. Subsequent negative electron transfer dissociation (NETD) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) analysis of TIMS-separated Hep/HS isomers generated extensive glycosidic and cross-ring fragments for confident isomer differentiation and structure elucidation. The high mobility resolution and preservation of labile sulfo modifications afforded by gated-TIMS MS analysis also allowed relative quantification of highly sulfated heparin isomers. These results show that the gated-TIMS-NETD MS/MS approach is useful for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of highly sulfated Hep/HS compounds in a manner not possible with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wei
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
| | - Jiandong Wu
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
| | - Yang Tang
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Mark E Ridgeway
- Bruker Daltonics , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Melvin A Park
- Bruker Daltonics , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Boston University , Boston , Massachusetts 02215 , United States
| | - Joseph Zaia
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
| | - Cheng Lin
- Center for Biomedical Mass Spectrometry , Boston University School of Medicine , Boston , Massachusetts 02118 , United States
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12
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Sobczak AIS, Pitt SJ, Stewart AJ. Influence of zinc on glycosaminoglycan neutralisation during coagulation. Metallomics 2018; 10:1180-1190. [PMID: 30132486 PMCID: PMC6148461 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00159f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparin are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) that serve as key natural and pharmacological anticoagulants. During normal clotting such agents require to be inactivated or neutralised. Several proteins have been reported to facilitate their neutralisation, which reside in platelet α-granules and are released following platelet activation. These include histidine-rich-glycoprotein (HRG), fibrinogen and high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK). Zinc ions (Zn2+) are also present in α-granules at a high concentration and participate in the propagation of coagulation by influencing the binding of neutralising proteins to GAGs. Zn2+ in many cases increases the affinity of these proteins to GAGs, and is thus an important regulator of GAG neutralisation and haemostasis. Binding of Zn2+ to HRG, HMWK and fibrinogen is mediated predominantly through coordination to histidine residues but the mechanisms by which Zn2+ increases the affinity of the proteins for GAGs are not yet completely clear. Here we will review current knowledge of how Zn2+ binds to and influences the neutralisation of GAGs and describe the importance of this process in both normal and pathogenic clotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie I. S. Sobczak
- School of Medicine
, University of St Andrews
,
Medical and Biological Sciences Building
, St Andrews
, Fife
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1334 463482
; Tel: +44 (0)1334 463546
| | - Samantha J. Pitt
- School of Medicine
, University of St Andrews
,
Medical and Biological Sciences Building
, St Andrews
, Fife
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1334 463482
; Tel: +44 (0)1334 463546
| | - Alan J. Stewart
- School of Medicine
, University of St Andrews
,
Medical and Biological Sciences Building
, St Andrews
, Fife
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1334 463482
; Tel: +44 (0)1334 463546
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13
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Ruhaak LR, Xu G, Li Q, Goonatilleke E, Lebrilla CB. Mass Spectrometry Approaches to Glycomic and Glycoproteomic Analyses. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7886-7930. [PMID: 29553244 PMCID: PMC7757723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses involve the characterization of oligosaccharides (glycans) conjugated to proteins. Glycans are produced through a complicated nontemplate driven process involving the competition of enzymes that extend the nascent chain. The large diversity of structures, the variations in polarity of the individual saccharide residues, and the poor ionization efficiencies of glycans all conspire to make the analysis arguably much more difficult than any other biopolymer. Furthermore, the large number of glycoforms associated with a specific protein site makes it more difficult to characterize than any post-translational modification. Nonetheless, there have been significant progress, and advanced separation and mass spectrometry methods have been at its center and the main reason for the progress. While glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses are still typically available only through highly specialized laboratories, new software and workflow is making it more accessible. This review focuses on the role of mass spectrometry and separation methods in advancing glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses. It describes the current state of the field and progress toward making it more available to the larger scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Renee Ruhaak
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gege Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qiongyu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Elisha Goonatilleke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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14
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Chouinard CD, Cruzeiro VWD, Kemperman RH, Oranzi NR, Roitberg AE, Yost RA. Cation-Dependent Conformations in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-Cation Adducts Measured by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Modeling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 432:1-8. [PMID: 30034270 PMCID: PMC6052799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry is a useful tool in separation of biological isomers, including clinically relevant analytes such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and its epimer, 3-epi-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (epi25OHD3). Previous research indicates that these epimers adopt different gas-phase sodiated monomer structures, either the "open" or "closed" conformer, which allow 25OHD3 to be readily resolved in mixtures. In the current work, alternative metal cation adducts are investigated for their relative effects on the ratio of "open" and "closed conformers. Alkali and alkaline earth metal adducts caused changes in the 25OHD3 conformer ratio, where the proportion of the "open" conformer generally increases with the size of the metal cation in a given group. As such, the ratio of the "open" conformer, which is unique to 25OHD3 and absent for its epimer, can be increased from approximately 1:1 for the sodiated monomer to greater than 8:1 for the barium adduct. Molecular modeling and energy calculations agree with the experimental results, indicating that the Gibbs free energy of conversion from the "closed" to the "open" conformation decreased with increasing cation size, correlating with the variation in ratio between the conformers. This work demonstrates the effect of cation adducts on gas-phase conformations of small, flexible molecules and offers an additional strategy for resolution of clinically relevant epimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Chouinard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
- Current Address: Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Vinicius Wilian D. Cruzeiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia - DF 70040-020, Brazil
| | - Robin H.J. Kemperman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Oranzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Adrian E. Roitberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
| | - Richard A. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States
- Southeast Center for Integrated Metabolomics (SECIM), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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15
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Katner SJ, Johnson WE, Peterson EJ, Page P, Farrell NP. Comparison of Metal-Ammine Compounds Binding to DNA and Heparin. Glycans as Ligands in Bioinorganic Chemistry. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:3116-3125. [PMID: 29473748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present spectroscopic and biophysical approaches to examine the affinity of metal-ammine coordination complexes for heparin as a model for heparan sulfate (HS). Similar to nucleic acids, the highly anionic nature of heparin means it is associated in vivo with physiologically relevant cations, and this work extends their bioinorganic chemistry to substitution-inert metal-ammine compounds (M). Both indirect and direct assays were developed. M compounds are competitive inhibitors of methylene blue (MB)-heparin binding, and the change in the absorbance of the dye in the presence or absence of heparin can be used as an indirect reporter of M-heparin affinity. A second indirect assay uses the change in fluorescence of TAMRA-R9, a nonaarginine linked to a fluorescent TAMRA moiety, as a reporter for M-heparin binding. Direct assays are surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The Kd values for TriplatinNC-heparin varied to some extent depending on the technique from 33.1 ± 2 nM (ITC) to 66.4 ± 1.3 nM (MB absorbance assay) and 340 ± 30 nM (SPR). The differences are explained by the nature of the technique and the use of heparin of differing molecular weight. Indirect probes using the displacement of ethidium bromide from DNA or, separately, fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide (DNA-Fl) can measure the relative affinities of heparin and DNA for M compounds. These assays showed essentially equivalent affinity of TriplatinNC for heparin and DNA. The generality of these methods was confirmed with a series of mononuclear cobalt, ruthenium, and platinum compounds with significantly lower affinity because of their smaller overall positive charge but in the order [Co(NH3)6]3+ > [Ru(NH3)6]3+ > [Pt(NH3)4]2+. The results on heparin can be extrapolated to glycosoaminoglycans such as HS, emphasizing the relevance of glycan interactions in understanding the biological properties of coordination compounds and the utility of the metalloglycomics concept for extending bioinorganic chemistry to this class of important biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Katner
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Wyatt E Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Erica J Peterson
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Phillip Page
- Reichert Technologies , Depew , New York 14043 , United States
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry and Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
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16
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Chakraborty P, Baksi A, Mudedla SK, Nag A, Paramasivam G, Subramanian V, Pradeep T. Understanding proton capture and cation-induced dimerization of [Ag29(BDT)12]3−clusters by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7593-7603. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08181b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a unique reaction of [Ag29(BDT)12]3−cluster with protons and dimerization of the cluster induced by alkali metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papri Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Ananya Baksi
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | | | - Abhijit Nag
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | - Ganesan Paramasivam
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
| | | | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras
- Chennai 600036
- India
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17
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Jeanne Dit Fouque K, Moreno J, Hegemann JD, Zirah S, Rebuffat S, Fernandez-Lima F. Metal ions induced secondary structure rearrangements: mechanically interlocked lassovs.unthreaded branched-cyclic topoisomers. Analyst 2018; 143:2323-2333. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions can play a significant role in a variety of important functions in protein systems including cofactor for catalysis, protein folding, assembly, structural stability and conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javier Moreno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Florida International University
- Miami
- USA
| | | | - Séverine Zirah
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms
- National Museum of Natural History
- Sorbonne Univ
- 75005 Paris
- France
| | - Sylvie Rebuffat
- Laboratory Molecules of Communication and Adaptation of Microorganisms
- National Museum of Natural History
- Sorbonne Univ
- 75005 Paris
- France
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18
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Poyer S, Lopin-Bon C, Jacquinet JC, Salpin JY, Daniel R. Isomer separation and effect of the degree of polymerization on the gas-phase structure of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides analyzed by ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:2003-2010. [PMID: 28901031 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans are bioactive sulfated polysaccharides comprising repeating units of uronic acid and N-acetyl galactose sulfated at various positions. The optimal length and sulfation pattern of the CS bioactive sequences remain elusive so that structure-activity relationships cannot be easily established. Development of efficient analytical methods allowing the differentiation of the various sulfation patterns of CS sequences is therefore of particular importance to correlate their biological functions to the sulfation pattern. METHODS Discrimination of different oligomers (dp2 to dp6) of synthetic chondroitin sulfate isomers was evaluated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) in the negative-ion mode from deprotonated and alkali adduct species. In addition, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) was used to study the influence of both the degree of polymerization and sulfate group location on the gas-phase conformation of CS oligomers. RESULTS ESI-MS/MS spectra of chondroitin sulfate isomers show characteristic product ions exclusively from alkali adduct species (Li, Na, K and Cs). Whatever the alkali adducts studied, MS/MS of chondroitin oligosaccharides sulfated at position 6 yields a specific product ion at m/z 139 while CS oligosaccharides sulfated at position 4 show a specific product ion at m/z 154. Being observed for the different CS oligomers di-, tetra- and hexasaccharides, these fragment ions are considered as diagnostic ions for chondroitin 6-O-sulfate and chondroitin 4-O-sulfate, respectively. IMS-MS experiments reveal that collision cross-sections (CCS) of CS oligomers with low charge states evolved linearly with degrees of polymerization indicating a similar gas-phase conformation. CONCLUSIONS This study allows the fast and unambiguous differentiation of CS isomers sulfated at position 6 or 4 for both saturated and unsaturated analogues from MS/MS experiments. In addition, the CCS linear evolution of CS oligomers in function of the degree of polymerization indicates that no folding occurs even for hexasaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Poyer
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Univ Evry, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, F-91025, Evry, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Yves Salpin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Univ Evry, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, F-91025, Evry, France
| | - Régis Daniel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CEA, Univ Evry, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, F-91025, Evry, France
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19
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Hofmann J, Pagel K. Glykananalyse mittels Ionenmobilitäts-Massenspektrometrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hofmann
- Abteilung Molekülphysik; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 Deutschland
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20
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Hofmann J, Pagel K. Glycan Analysis by Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:8342-8349. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Hofmann
- Abteilung Molekülphysik; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Faradayweg 4-6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Kevin Pagel
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustraße 3 Germany
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21
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Peterson EJ, Daniel AG, Katner SJ, Bohlmann L, Chang CW, Bezos A, Parish CR, von Itzstein M, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. Antiangiogenic platinum through glycan targeting. Chem Sci 2017; 8:241-252. [PMID: 28451171 PMCID: PMC5355868 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02515c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate is identified as a ligand receptor for polynuclear platinum anti-cancer agents through sulfate cluster binding. We present a new biological role for platinum and coordination compounds and a new target for metal-based drugs while presenting a new chemotype for heparanase and growth factor inhibition through modulation (metalloshielding) of their interactions. Masking of extracellular (ECM)-resident heparan sulfate (HS) through metalloshielding results in very effective inhibition of physiologically critical HS functions including enzyme (heparanase, HPSE) and protein growth factor recognition. The interaction of the highly cationic polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs) with the highly sulfated pentasaccharide Fondaparinux (FPX, in this case as a model HS-like substrate) results in inhibition of its cleavage by the HS-related enzyme heparanase. Binding of the fibroblast growth factor FGF-2 to HS is also inhibited with consequences for downstream signalling events as measured by a reduction in accumulation of phospho-S6 ribosomal protein in human colon tumor HCT-116 cells. The end-point of inhibition of HPSE activity and growth factor growth factor signaling is the prevention of cell invasion and angiogenesis. Finally these events culminate in inhibition of HCT-116 cell invasion at sub-cytotoxic concentrations and the process of angiogenesis. A competition assay shows that Fondaparinux can sequester the 8+ TriplatinNC from bound DNA, emphasising the strength of PPC-HS interactions. Altering the profile of platinum agents from cytotoxic to anti-metastatic has profound implications for future directions in the development of platinum-based chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Peterson
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond VA 23284 , Virginia , USA .
- The Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond 23294 , Virginia , USA
| | - A Gerard Daniel
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond VA 23284 , Virginia , USA .
- The Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond 23294 , Virginia , USA
| | - Samantha J Katner
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond VA 23284 , Virginia , USA .
- The Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond 23294 , Virginia , USA
| | - Lisa Bohlmann
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Southport , Queensland 4222 , Australia
| | - Chih-Wei Chang
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Southport , Queensland 4222 , Australia
| | - Anna Bezos
- John Curtin School of Medical Research , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Christopher R Parish
- John Curtin School of Medical Research , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Southport , Queensland 4222 , Australia
| | - Susan J Berners-Price
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Southport , Queensland 4222 , Australia
| | - Nicholas P Farrell
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond VA 23284 , Virginia , USA .
- The Massey Cancer Center , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond 23294 , Virginia , USA
- Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast Campus , Southport , Queensland 4222 , Australia
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22
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Miller RL, Guimond SE, Shivkumar M, Blocksidge J, Austin JA, Leary JA, Turnbull JE. Heparin Isomeric Oligosaccharide Separation Using Volatile Salt Strong Anion Exchange Chromatography. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11542-11550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Miller
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Scott E. Guimond
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Maitreyi Shivkumar
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Jemma Blocksidge
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - James A. Austin
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Leary
- Departments
of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, 1 Shields Drive, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jeremy E. Turnbull
- Centre
for Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative
Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
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23
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Gray C, Thomas B, Upton R, Migas L, Eyers C, Barran P, Flitsch S. Applications of ion mobility mass spectrometry for high throughput, high resolution glycan analysis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1688-709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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24
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Huang Y, Dodds ED. Ion-neutral collisional cross sections of carbohydrate isomers as divalent cation adducts and their electron transfer products. Analyst 2016. [PMID: 26225371 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the gravity of glycoscience continues to amass, a commensurate demand for rapid, sensitive, and structurally comprehensive glycoanalytical tools has arisen. Among the most elusive but desirable analytical capabilities is the ability to expeditiously and unambiguously detect, distinguish, and resolve carbohydrates that differ only in their constitutional isomerism and/or stereoisomerism. While ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has proven a highly promising tool for such analyses, the facility of this method to discriminate larger oligosaccharides is still somewhat limited. In an effort to expand the capabilities of IMS to discriminate among carbohydrate isomers, the present investigation was focused on IMS studies of four trisaccharide isomers, four pentasaccharide isomers, and two hexasaccharide isomers, each as group II metal ion adducts and their corresponding gas-phase electron transfer (ET) products. These studies were also evaluated in the context of previously investigated group I metal ion adducts of the same saccharides. The orientationally averaged ion-neutral collisional cross sections (CCSs) of the various carbohydrate/metal ion adducts were found to be dependent on the structures of specific carbohydrate isomers, sensitive to the electronic characteristics of the bound cation, and responsive to the attachment of an additional electron (in the case of divalent metal ion adducts). Overall, these results underscore the utility of metal ions for probing carbohydrate structure in concert with IMS, and the capacity of gas-phase ion chemistry to expand the menu of such probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska - Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA.
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25
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Lee HH, Hong A, Cho Y, Kim S, Kim WJ, Kim HI. Structural Characterization of Anticancer Drug Paclitaxel and Its Metabolites Using Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:329-338. [PMID: 26466599 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1280-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel (PTX) is a popular anticancer drug used in the treatment of various types of cancers. PTX is metabolized in the human liver by cytochrome P450 to two structural isomers, 3′-p-hydroxypaclitaxel (3p-OHP) and 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel (6α-OHP). Analyzing PTX and its two metabolites, 3p-OHP and 6α-OHP, is crucial for understanding general pharmacokinetics, drug activity, and drug resistance. In this study, electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI-IM-MS) and collision induced dissociation (CID) are utilized for the identification and characterization of PTX and its metabolites. Ion mobility distributions of 3p-OHP and 6α-OHP indicate that hydroxylation of PTX at different sites yields distinct gas phase structures. Addition of monovalent alkali metal and silver metal cations enhances the distinct dissociation patterns of these structural isomers. The differences observed in the CID patterns of metalated PTX and its two metabolites are investigated further by evaluating their gas-phase structures. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the observed structural changes and dissociation pathways are the result of the interactions between the metal cation and the hydroxyl substituents in PTX metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Hee Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea
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26
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Langford-Smith A, Tilakaratna V, Lythgoe PR, Clark SJ, Bishop PN, Day AJ. Age and Smoking Related Changes in Metal Ion Levels in Human Lens: Implications for Cataract Formation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147576. [PMID: 26794210 PMCID: PMC4721641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related cataract formation is the primary cause of blindness worldwide and although treatable by surgical removal of the lens the majority of sufferers have neither the finances nor access to the medical facilities required. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cataract may identify new therapeutic targets to prevent or slow its progression. Cataract incidence is strongly correlated with age and cigarette smoking, factors that are often associated with accumulation of metal ions in other tissues. Therefore this study evaluated the age-related changes in 14 metal ions in 32 post mortem human lenses without known cataract from donors of 11 to 82 years of age by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; smoking-related changes in 10 smokers verses 14 non-smokers were also analysed. A significant age-related increase in selenium and decrease in copper ions was observed for the first time in the lens tissue, where cadmium ion levels were also increased as has been seen previously. Aluminium and vanadium ions were found to be increased in smokers compared to non-smokers (an analysis that has only been carried out before in lenses with cataract). These changes in metal ions, i.e. that occur as a consequence of normal ageing and of smoking, could contribute to cataract formation via induction of oxidative stress pathways, modulation of extracellular matrix structure/function and cellular toxicity. Thus, this study has identified novel changes in metal ions in human lens that could potentially drive the pathology of cataract formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Langford-Smith
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Viranga Tilakaratna
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R Lythgoe
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Environmental Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Clark
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Paul N Bishop
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Institute of Human Development, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Manchester and Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Day
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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27
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Ortiz D, Enjalbert Q, MacAleese L, Dugourd P, Salpin JY. Effects of calcium complexation on heparin-like disaccharides. A combined theoretical, tandem mass spectrometry and ultraviolet experiment. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2015; 29:1135-1144. [PMID: 25981544 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE In order to shed light on the influence of the Ca(2+) metal cation on the structure of heparin-like (Hp) disaccharides, we have explored the gas-phase structures of both [Hp, -2H](2-) and [Ca(Hp), -3H](-) ions by coupling experimental and theoretical methods. METHODS The goal of this work was to (i) provide new evidence of the metal influence on the Hp structure, which can have important biological consequences, and (ii) to study the usefulness of metal complexation for the analytical distinction of Hp isomers. Collision-induced dissociation (CID) and ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) fragments, as well as optical spectra recorded in the gas phase for both [Hp, -2H](2-) and [Ca(Hp), -3H](-) complexes were compared for I-H, II-S and III-S isomers of Hp. RESULTS In the case of CID fragmentation, a change in the fragmentation pattern was observed upon calcium complexation, with respect to deprotonated Hp. CONCLUSIONS Remarkably, when optical spectra are compared in the UV range, the metal effect on the carboxylic group absorption can be detected by an unambiguous blue-shift (~20 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ortiz
- Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025, Evry, France
- CNRS- UMR 8587
| | - Quentin Enjalbert
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Luke MacAleese
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Philippe Dugourd
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
| | - Jean-Yves Salpin
- Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, Boulevard François Mitterrand, 91025, Evry, France
- CNRS- UMR 8587
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28
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Remko M, Broer R, Remková A, Van Duijnen PT. How strong are Ca2+–heparin and Zn2+–heparin interactions? Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Bylda C, Thiele R, Kobold U, Bujotzek A, Volmer DA. Rapid Quantification of Digitoxin and Its Metabolites Using Differential Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2121-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503187z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bylda
- Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Uwe Kobold
- Roche Diagnostics
GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich A. Volmer
- Institute
of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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30
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Leary JA, Miller RL, Wei W, Schwörer R, Zubkova OV, Tyler PC, Turnbull JE. Composition, sequencing and ion mobility mass spectrometry of heparan sulfate-like octasaccharide isomers differing in glucuronic and iduronic acid content. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:245-254. [PMID: 26307704 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we report ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) separation and tandem mass spectrometry (MS(2)) sequencing methods used to analyze and differentiate six synthetically produced heparin/heparan sulfate (HS)-like octasaccharide (dp8) isomeric structures. These structures are isomeric with regard to either glucuronic acid (GlcA) or iduronic acid (IdoA) residues at various positions. IMMS analysis showed that a fully GlcA structure exhibited a more compact conformation, whereas the fully IdoA structure was more extended. Interestingly, the change from IdoA to GlcA in specific locations resulted in strong conformational distortions. MS(2) of the six isomers showed very different spectra with unique sets of diagnostic product ions. Analysis of MS(2) product ion spectra suggests that the GlcA group correlated with the formation of a glycosidic product ion under lower energy conditions. This resulted in an earlier product ion formation and more intense product ions. Importantly, this knowledge enabled a complete sequencing of the positions of GlcA and IdoA in each of the four positions located in each unique dp8 structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Leary
- De partments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, USA..
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California. Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Wei Wei
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Chemistry, University of California, USA..
| | - Ralf Schwörer
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Peter C Tyler
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield Road, Gracefield, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand.
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Centre for Glycobiology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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31
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Mangrum JB, Engelmann BJ, Peterson EJ, Ryan JJ, Berners-Price SJ, Farrell NP. A new approach to glycan targeting: enzyme inhibition by oligosaccharide metalloshielding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:4056-8. [PMID: 24463939 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc49695c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Metalloglycomics - the effects of defined coordination compounds on oligosaccharides and their structure and function - opens new areas for bioinorganic chemistry and expands its systematic study to the third major class of biomolecules after DNA/RNA and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Mangrum
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.
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32
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Mazák K, Beecher CN, Kraszni M, Larive CK. The interaction of enoxaparin and fondaparinux with calcium. Carbohydr Res 2013; 384:13-9. [PMID: 24334236 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The main sites of calcium binding were determined for the low molecular weight heparin drug enoxaparin and the synthetic pentasaccharide Arixtra (fondaparinux). [(1)H,(13)C] HSQC pH titrations were carried out to characterize the acid-base properties of these samples both in the presence and absence of calcium. The differences in the titration curves were used to determine the structural components of enoxaparin and fondaparinux responsible for Ca(2+) binding. In enoxaparin both unsubstituted and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues are important in calcium binding and the presence of the 2-O-sulfo group does not seem to influence the Ca(2+) binding capability of the iduronate ring. In fondaparinux changes in chemical shifts upon Ca(2+) binding were smaller than observed for enoxaparin, and were observed for both the glucuronic acid and 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid residues. In enoxaparin significant perturbations of the chemical shift of the N-sulfoglucosamine anomeric carbon in residues connected to 2-O-sulfated iduronic acid were detected on Ca(2+) binding, however it was not possible to determine whether these changes reflect direct involvement in calcium complexation or result from through space interactions or conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Mazák
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Consuelo N Beecher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Márta Kraszni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes E. u. 9, 1092 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cynthia K Larive
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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33
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Flick TG, Merenbloom SI, Williams ER. Effects of metal ion adduction on the gas-phase conformations of protein ions. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1654-62. [PMID: 23733259 PMCID: PMC3795793 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0664-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in protein ion conformation as a result of nonspecific adduction of metal ions to the protein during electrospray ionization (ESI) from aqueous solutions were investigated using traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry (TWIMS). For all proteins examined, protein cations (and in most cases anions) with nonspecific metal ion adducts are more compact than the fully protonated (or deprotonated) ions with the same charge state. Compaction of protein cations upon nonspecific metal ion binding is most significant for intermediate charge state ions, and there is a greater reduction in collisional cross section with increasing number of metal ion adducts and increasing ion valency, consistent with an electrostatic interaction between the ions and the protein. Protein cations with the greatest number of adducted metal ions are no more compact than the lowest protonated ions formed from aqueous solutions. These results show that smaller collisional cross sections for metal-attached protein ions are not a good indicator of a specific metal-protein interaction in solution because nonspecific metal ion adduction also results in smaller gaseous protein cation cross sections. In contrast, the collisional cross section of α-lactalbumin, which specifically binds one Ca(2+), is larger for the holo-form compared with the apo-form, in agreement with solution-phase measurements. Because compaction of protein cations occurs when metal ion adduction is nonspecific, elongation of a protein cation may be a more reliable indicator that a specific metal ion-protein interaction occurs in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evan R. Williams
- Address reprint requests to Prof. Evan R. Williams: Department of Chemistry University of California, Berkeley Latimer Hall #1460 Berkeley, CA 94620-1460 Phone: (510) 643-7161 Fax: (510) 542-7714
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34
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Huang Y, Dodds ED. Ion mobility studies of carbohydrates as group I adducts: isomer specific collisional cross section dependence on metal ion radius. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9728-35. [PMID: 24033309 DOI: 10.1021/ac402133f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates play numerous critical roles in biological systems. Characterization of oligosaccharide structures is essential to a complete understanding of their functions in biological processes; nevertheless, their structural determination remains challenging in part due to isomerism. Ion mobility spectrometry provides the means to resolve gas phase ions on the basis of their shape-to-charge ratios, thus providing significant potential for separation and differentiation of carbohydrate isomers. Here, we report on the determination of collisional cross sections for four groups of isomeric carbohydrates (including five isomeric disaccharides, four isomeric trisaccharides, two isomeric pentasaccharides, and two isomeric hexasaccharides) as their group I metal ion adducts (i.e., [M + Li](+), [M + Na](+), [M + K](+), [M + Rb](+), and [M + Cs](+)). In all, 65 collisional cross sections were measured, the great majority of which have not been previously reported. As anticipated, the collisional cross sections of the carbohydrate metal ion adducts generally increase with increasing metal ion radius; however, the collisional cross sections were found to scale with the group I cation size in isomer specific manners. Such measurements are of substantial analytical value, as they illustrate how the selection of charge carrier influences carbohydrate ion mobility determinations. For example, certain pairs of isomeric carbohydrates assume unique collisional cross sections upon binding one metal ion, but not another. On the whole, these data suggest a role for the charge carrier as a probe of carbohydrate structure and thus have significant implications for the continued development and application of ion mobility spectrometry for the distinction and resolution of isomeric carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States
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35
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Pagel K, Harvey DJ. Ion mobility-mass spectrometry of complex carbohydrates: collision cross sections of sodiated N-linked glycans. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5138-45. [PMID: 23621517 DOI: 10.1021/ac400403d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the vast majority of complex carbohydrates are characterized using mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Measuring the molecular mass of a sugar, however, immediately poses a fundamental problem: entire classes of the constituting monosaccharide building blocks exhibit an identical atomic composition and, consequently, also an identical mass. Therefore, carbohydrate MS data can be highly ambiguous and often it is simply not possible to clearly assign a particular molecular structure. A promising approach to overcome the above-mentioned limitation is to implement an additional gas-phase separation dimension using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), which is a method in which molecules of identical mass and structure but different structure can be separated according to their shape and collision cross section (CCS). With the emergence of commercially available hybrid ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) instruments in 2006, IMS technology became readily available. Because of the nonhomogeneous, traveling wave (TW) field utilized in these instruments, however, CCS values currently cannot be determined directly from the drift times measured. Instead, an external calibration using compounds of known CCS and similar molecular identity is required. Here, we report a calibration protocol for TW IMS instruments using a series of sodiated N-glycans that were released from commercially available glycoproteins using an easy-to-follow protocol. The underlying CCS values were determined using a modified Synapt HDMS instrument with a linear drift tube, which was described in detail previously. Our data indicate that, under in-source fragmentation conditions, only a few glycans are required to obtain a TW IMS calibration of sufficient quality. In this context, however, the type of glycan was shown to be of tremendous importance. Furthermore, our data clearly demonstrate that carbohydrate isomers with identical mass but different conformation can be distinguished based on their CCS when all the associated errors are taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Pagel
- Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Berlin, Germany.
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36
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Remko M, Van Duijnen PT, Broer R. Effect of metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) and water on the conformational changes of glycosidic bonds in heparin oligosaccharides. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40566d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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37
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Grasso G, Spoto G. Plasmonics for the study of metal ion–protein interactions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:1833-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6421-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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38
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Silva H, Frézard F, Peterson EJ, Kabolizadeh P, Ryan JJ, Farrell NP. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan-mediated entry pathway for charged tri-platinum compounds: differential cellular accumulation mechanisms for platinum. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:1795-802. [PMID: 22494465 DOI: 10.1021/mp300098t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined the mechanism of accumulation of charged polynuclear platinum complexes (PPCs) based on analogy of polyarginine interactions with the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) family of protein-linked glycosoaminoglycan polysaccharides (GAGs). GAGS such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) mediate the cellular entry of many charged molecules. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry showed that PPCs, but not the neutral cisplatin or oxaliplatin, blocked the cellular entry of TAMRA-R(9) (a nonarginine peptide, R(9)) coupled to the TAMRA fluorescent label 5-(and 6-)carboxytetramethylrhodamine) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), human colon carcinoma (HCT116), and osteosarcoma (SAOS-2) cells. Furthermore, detection of platinum accumulation in wt CHO, mutant CHO-pgsD-677 (lacking HS), and CHO-pgsA (lacking HS/CS) cells confirms that HSPG-mediated interactions are an important mechanism for PPC internalization but not so for uncharged cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Endocytosis inhibitor studies show that macropinocytosis, a mechanism of cell entry for heparan sulfate GAGs and arginine-rich peptides, is important in the cellular accumulation of noncovalent TriplatinNC and, to a lesser degree, the covalently binding BBR3464. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis, however, was not involved in either case. Overall, the results suggest a new proteoglycan-mediated mechanism for cellular accumulation of PPCs not shared by cisplatin or oxaliplatin. The results have significant implications for the rational design of platinum antitumor drugs with distinct biological profiles in comparison to those of the clinically used agents as well as expanding the chemotypes for HS proteoglycan-dependent receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heveline Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
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39
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Seo Y, Andaya A, Leary JA. Preparation, separation, and conformational analysis of differentially sulfated heparin octasaccharide isomers using ion mobility mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:2416-23. [PMID: 22283665 PMCID: PMC3296823 DOI: 10.1021/ac203190k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a linear sulfated polysaccharide widely used in medicine because of its anticoagulant properties. The various sulfation and/or acetylation patterns on heparin impart different degrees of conformational change around the glycosidic bonds and subsequently alter its function as an anticoagulant, anticancer, or antiviral drug. Characterization of these structures is important for eventual elucidation of its function but presents itself as an analytical challenge due to the inherent heterogeneity of the carbohydrates. Heparin octasaccharide structural isomers of various sulfation patterns were investigated using ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS). In addition to distinguishing the isomers, we report the preparation and tandem mass spectrometry analysis for multiple sulfated or acetylated oligosaccharides. Herein, our data indicate that heparin octasaccharide isomers were separated on the basis of their structural conformations in the ion mobility cell. Subsequent to this separation, isomers were further distinguished using product ions resulting from tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, IMMS analysis was used to successfully characterize and separate individual isomers and subsequently measure their conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjin Seo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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40
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Chan YT, Li X, Yu J, Carri GA, Moorefield CN, Newkome GR, Wesdemiotis C. Design, synthesis, and traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry characterization of iron(II)- and ruthenium(II)-terpyridine metallomacrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11967-76. [PMID: 21718066 DOI: 10.1021/ja107307u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
New metallomacrocycles composed of 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine (tpy) ligands and Ru(II) or Fe(II) transition metal ions were prepared by stepwise directed assembly and characterized by 2D diffusion NMR spectroscopy (DOSY), electrospray ionization traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI TWIM MS), and molecular modeling. The supramolecular polymers synthesized include a homonuclear all-Ru hexamer as well as heteronuclear hexamer and nonamer with alternating Ru/Ru/Fe metal centers. ESI MS yields several charge states from each supramacromolecule. If ESI is interfaced with TWIM MS, overlapping charge states and the isomeric components of an individual charge state are separated based on their unique drift times through the TWIM region. From experimentally measured drift times, collision cross-sections can be deduced. The collision cross-sections obtained for the synthesized supramacromolecules are in good agreement with those predicted by molecular modeling for macrocyclic structures. Similarly, the hydrodynamic radii of the synthesized complexes derived from 2D DOSY NMR experiments agree excellently with the radii calculated for macrocyclic architectures, confirming the ESI TWIM MS finding. ESI TWIM MS and 2D DOSY NMR spectroscopy provide an alternative approach for the structural analysis of supramolecules that are difficult or impossible to crystallize, such as the large macrocyclic assemblies investigated. ESI TWIM MS will be particularly valuable for the characterization of supramolecular assemblies not available in the quantity or purity required for NMR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Tsu Chan
- Departments of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, 44325, USA
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