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Hamnøy IL, Kjelsvik M, Baerug AB, Dahl BM. A balancing act-midwives' and public health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling. Scand J Caring Sci 2024; 38:92-103. [PMID: 37496198 DOI: 10.1111/scs.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To explore midwives' and public-health nurses' experiences of breastfeeding counselling in order to provide a deeper insight into breastfeeding counselling. METHODOLOGICAL DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION A qualitative design was used, and qualitative content analysis was conducted to analyse the data in accordance with the phenomenological hermeneutic tradition. ETHICAL ISSUES AND APPROVAL The Norwegian Centre for Research Data approved this study. All participants provided written consent. RESEARCH METHODS Four focus-group interviews were conducted on a sample of eight midwives and 13 public-health nurses in Norway. RESULTS Three interrelated themes describing the meaning of midwives' and public-health nurses' experiences with breastfeeding counselling emerged from the analysis: Breastfeeding Counselling Means Responsibility for Collaboration and Facilitation, Being Confident as a Breastfeeding Counsellor Means Striving for Professional Competence and Supporting the Individual Breastfeeding Family Means Being Sensitive and Adapting to Novel Situations. STUDY LIMITATIONS The focus groups comprised a mix of midwives and public-health nurses, which may have inhibited honest declaration of these professionals' opinions of each other. CONCLUSION Midwives and public-health nurses regard structural factors and prioritising breastfeeding support in society as important for providing good breastfeeding counselling. Midwives and public-health nurses strive to find a balance between relying on their own competence, promoting breastfeeding in accordance with guidelines and respecting mothers' choices. Healthcare professionals require knowledge about breastfeeding, good clinical judgement, a listening attitude and openness to how breastfeeding affects mother's everyday life to provide good breastfeeding care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Lande Hamnøy
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Marianne Kjelsvik
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway
| | | | - Berit Misund Dahl
- Department of Health Sciences in Ålesund, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Ålesund, Norway
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Geary O, Grealish A, Bright AM. The effectiveness of mother-led infant massage on symptoms of maternal postnatal depression: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294156. [PMID: 38091329 PMCID: PMC10718423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postnatal depression is a significant public health issue which may escalate and lead to adverse outcomes for women, infants, their family and the wider society. The aim of this review was to examine the effectiveness and experiences of mother-led infant massage on symptoms of maternal postnatal depression and to synthesise these findings to inform policy, practice and further research. METHODS A systematic search of five academic databases was conducted: CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database in February 2023 with no date or geographic limiters set owing to the paucity of research on this subject area. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute quality appraisal tools and all included RCT's were assessed separately using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data. FINDINGS A total of (n = 323) studies were returned of which (n = 8) met the inclusion criteria for the review. This review identified a total sampling of (n = 521) women with maternal postnatal depression. The results are presented under three themes: 1) the effectiveness of mother-led infant massage on symptoms of postnatal depression; 2) women's experiences of mother-led infant massage; and 3) the effects of mother-led infant massage on the mother-infant relationship. DISCUSSION The review highlights women who used infant massage displayed a reduction in symptoms of postnatal depression, improved mother-infant interactions and improved self-efficacy in addition to benefits for infants. Public Health Nurse/Community Midwife-led infant massage may help to relieve such symptoms and empower women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Geary
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Annmarie Grealish
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Bright
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Walsh A, McCluskey R, Cassidy D, McGoldrick G, Howlin C, Muldoon K, Butler É, Byrne G. The Support Needs and Current Practices of Public Health Nurses in the Republic of Ireland Who Provide Support to Breastfeeding Mothers: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:733-742. [PMID: 37232139 PMCID: PMC10580677 DOI: 10.1177/08903344231172991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding continuation rates are low in Ireland. The Breastfeeding Observation and Assessment Tool (BOAT) was developed to assist public health nurses in assessing breastfeeding challenges; however, little is known of its actual usage, the level of training experienced or desired by public health nurses, or their level of confidence in the support they provide to breastfeeding mothers. RESEARCH AIM To identify the current practices and support needs of public health nurses who provide breastfeeding support in Ireland. METHOD An online questionnaire was devised to collect respondents' confidence with breastfeeding issues, caseload, and practices. It was distributed to public health nurses with a current child health caseload in one Community Healthcare Organization. Mann Whitney U tests were used to ascertain the relationship between public health nurses' confidence level and those with qualifications in midwifery or as an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC). RESULTS The survey was completed by 66 public health nurses. Only 14 respondents (21.2%) indicated that they always used the BOAT. The most common reason for not doing so was a lack of education on its use (n = 17, 25.8%). Postholders also certified as IBCLCs were considered by participants to be the most appropriate professionals to resolve certain breastfeeding issues. Confidence levels to manage breastfeeding issues were highest among public health nurses with IBCLC credentialing (U = 12.5, p = .001) while no difference was seen when comparing those with a midwifery degree to those without (U = 184.0, p = .92). Face-to-face workshops and blended-learning approaches were ranked as the preferred formats for breastfeeding education (Median rank = 2). CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding education incorporating a face-to-face component is needed to support public health nurses who work with breastfeeding mothers, as is prioritization of recruitment in the community of public health nurses with IBCLC credentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Walsh
- Dublin South, Kildare and West Wicklow Community Healthcare Organisation 7 (CHO 7), Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel McCluskey
- Dublin South, Kildare and West Wicklow Community Healthcare Organisation 7 (CHO 7), Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre Cassidy
- Dublin South, Kildare and West Wicklow Community Healthcare Organisation 7 (CHO 7), Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerardine McGoldrick
- Dublin South, Kildare and West Wicklow Community Healthcare Organisation 7 (CHO 7), Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Claire Howlin
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kathryn Muldoon
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Éadaoin Butler
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gobnait Byrne
- Trinity Centre for Practice and Healthcare Innovation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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López EP, González S, Sánchez M. Educational intervention for the main caregiver of primiparous women to promote breastfeeding and the association between prolactin and nutritional parameters. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04046. [PMID: 37083003 PMCID: PMC10119807 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the last two years, breastfeeding rates have experienced a notable decline worldwide. Only 46% of women breastfeed their children, the figure being much lower in primiparous women. Breastfed milk is the ideal food for babies; its benefits for the health of mothers and babies are scientifically proven. Several studies show that babies who are not breastfed have a higher risk of getting sick. This fact gives rise to an important public health problem. The aim of this paper is to describe the association between presence of the caregiver in health education and increasing rates of breastfeeding. Methods We conducted an observational study (cohort) in a population of primiparous pregnant women (n = 88), and their main caregivers belonging to a region of central Spain. The development, content and implementation of the intervention consisted of: 1) obtaining the blood levels of pregnant women (prolactin, folic acid, vitamin B12 and transferrin) before health education (13-26 weeks of pregnancy), 2) carry out health education with two groups: A (44 pregnant women with caregivers) and B (44 without caregivers), 3) obtain the same blood levels as in the first intervention, 15 days after delivery, and finally the evaluation of the intervention with breastfeeding rates. Results The levels of prolactin (288.57 ± 107.46 nanogrammes per millilitre (ng / ml)), folic acid (16.93 ± 4.09 ng / ml), vitamin B12 (505.05 ± 213.97 picogrammes (pg) / ml) and transferrin (296.82 ± 67.61 milligrammmes per decilitre (mg / dl)) were higher in pregnant women who attended the health education program with a caregiver than in pregnant women who attended alone: prolcoactin (103.61 ± 45.48 ng / ml), folic acid (7.16 ± 5.88 ng / ml), vitamin B12 (160.59 ± 36.92 pg / ml) and transferrin (223.86 ± 44.14 mg / dl). Of the sample size of 44 primiparous people who attended the talks with caregivers, 35 (79.54%) breastfed their babies, while the other 44 primiparous women who attended alone, only seven (15.91%) established breastfeeding successfully. Conclusions The implications for public health research are that the presence of a caregiver in health education programs modifies levels of prolactin, folic acid, vitamin B12, and transferrin, as well as increasing breastfeeding rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pilar López
- Doctoral School in translational Medicine San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio González
- Department of Nursing, Santa Teresa de Jesus, Catholic University, Avila, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sánchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Santa Teresa de Jesus, Catholic University, Avila, Spain
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Høgmo BK, Alstveit M, Bondas T. Being a "Warrior" to Care for the New Family: A Meta-ethnography of Nurses' Perspectives on Municipal Postnatal Healthcare. Glob Qual Nurs Res 2023; 10:23333936231218843. [PMID: 38149124 PMCID: PMC10750548 DOI: 10.1177/23333936231218843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Care in the postnatal period is a goal for all families with a newborn baby, and support from nurses might prevent long-term health problems and contribute to a positive postnatal experience. This meta-ethnography aims to integrate and synthesize qualitative studies that illuminate and describe nurses' perspectives on municipal postnatal health care in high-income countries. Systematic literature searches for qualitative studies were conducted and 13 articles were included. The analysis followed the seven phases of Noblit and Hare. Being a "warrior" to care for the new family was identified as an overarching metaphor accompanied by three main themes: Stretching human boundaries, Stretching system boundaries, and Stretching knowledge boundaries. The overarching metaphor offers a deeper understanding of the nurses as "warriors" who despite tight timeframes and heavy workloads are stretching toward a caring relationship with the families. Being a warrior continuously pushing system boundaries puts the nurses in risk of being overstretched, balancing between their ideals and the reality. As more knowledge and clearer policies and procedures regarding the inclusion of fathers and LGBTQ parents in municipal postnatal healthcare are needed, more focus placed on the father or non-birthing parent, different cultural traditions and family constellations in practice and education is suggested.
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Public health nurses’ views on quality measures: A cross-sectional study. Collegian 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colegn.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Giltenane M, Kroll T, Frazer K. Transitioning to motherhood under COVID-19 lockdown-challenges and silver linings. Evid Based Nurs 2022; 25:108. [PMID: 35046070 DOI: 10.1136/ebnurs-2021-103490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Thilo Kroll
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Frazer
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Hosseinnejad A, Rassouli M, Jahani S, Elahi N, Molavynejad S. Scope of Iranian community health nurses 'services from the viewpoint of the managers and nurses: a content analysis study. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:145. [PMID: 35676683 PMCID: PMC9174629 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00908-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the need for nurses specializing in community health and in order to define professional duties for future planning towards creating the position of community health nurses in the primary health care system of Iran, this study aims to explain the range of services which can be provided by community health nurses from the perspective of the mangers and nurses. Methods The present qualitative study was conducted with the approach of contract content analysis in Iran in 2020. This study was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 22 participants, including community health nursing faculty members, health deputies and managers, community health nurses working in health centers, and the care seekers visiting comprehensive health centers. The samples were selected through purposeful sampling. The interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collection. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed through Graneheim & Lundman’s content analysis method, and data management was done using MAXQDA software. To achieve data trustworthiness, the criteria presented by Lincoln and Guba were used. Results The obtained data were classified into the two main categories of service provision settings and service provision domains. The category service provision settings covered 7 subcategories including participation in the family physician plan, activities at the centers for vulnerable groups of the community, establishing private community health clinics, leading health promotion programs in the 3rd generation hospitals, activities in comprehensive health centers, follow-ups and home visits, and activities in schools’ health units. Service provision domains consisted of 6 subcategories including participation in health planning, decision-making, and policymaking, research on the health system, health promotion, monitoring and coordination, providing care for the patients with non-communicable diseases and high-risk groups, and eldercare. Conclusions From the participants’ perspective, important services that can be provided by the community health nurse are health promotion, the management of chronic patients and the elderly, follow-ups, and home visits. Therefore, it is recommended that health policy makers pay attention to the service provision areas and the services providable by the community health nurse in their macro-planning, and to provide primary health care in comprehensive health centers using inter-professional care models, integrating the community health nurse into the care team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aazam Hosseinnejad
- Student Research Committee, Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simin Jahani
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Elahi
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahram Molavynejad
- Nursing Care Research Center in Chronic Diseases, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Boyle M, Murphy-Tighe S. An integrative review of community nurse-led interventions to identify and respond to domestic abuse in the postnatal period. J Adv Nurs 2022; 78:1601-1617. [PMID: 35318715 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To critically review community nurse-led domestic abuse interventions aimed at identifying and responding to domestic abuse in the postnatal period. BACKGROUND Domestic abuse is a global problem resulting in dire consequences for women and children. Public Health Nurses (PHNs) are ideally placed to give women the opportunity to disclose in a safe and confidential manner; however, community settings present complex challenges. DESIGN An integrative review and narrative summary. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and Scopus, and peer-reviewed journals were searched for research papers published between 01 January 2005 and 01 March 2019. Fifteen papers met the inclusion criteria. REVIEW METHODS An integrative review where qualitative and quantitative data were extracted. Following quality appraisal, data were collated, analysed and themes were identified. RESULTS Quantitative outcomes from short-term interventions include an increase in routine enquiry, documentation of alone status and safety planning, however, referrals remained low. There was a reduction in victimization seen in intensive home visiting interventions. One study reported potential harm to mothers experiencing domestic abuse prior to the intervention. Thematic analysis generated three themes: (1) benefits to women and nurses, (2) approaches to domestic abuse identification and response and (3) implementation of community nurse-led interventions. CONCLUSION Community nurse-led domestic abuse interventions have shown to have positive outcomes for women, provided the appropriate supports are in place such as: interagency training; guidelines, referral pathways and safety protocols; collaborative working with domestic abuse services and organizational support. IMPACT Professionals such as PHNs are challenged to respond appropriately and compassionately to domestic abuse disclosures, while ensuring the safety of women and children is central to service delivery. This integrative review will inform further development, implementation and the sustainability of community nurse-led domestic abuse initiatives worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Boyle
- Mid West Community Healthcare, Health Service Executive West, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Sylvia Murphy-Tighe
- Department of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Introducing the International Journal of Nursing Studies – Advances. Int J Nurs Stud 2022; 127:104177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Giltenane M, Sheridan A, Kroll T, Frazer K. Identification of quality indicators of public health nursing practice: "modified Delphi" approach. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:214-228. [PMID: 34697828 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Identify process indicators to measure public health nursing practice during first postnatal visits in Ireland. DESIGN Using a RAND/UCLA appropriateness- "modified Delphi" method, a two-round rating and ranking process was completed in 2016. Fifty-nine statements were reviewed for consensus and priority ranking. SAMPLE The sample comprised a panel of 21 national and international experts. RESULTS Fifty-nine indicators were identified and subsequently reduced across two rounds of consensus testing. Fifty-six indicators achieved consensus and priority ranking identified 13 indicators to measure care for mothers and 15 indicators to measure care for newborns resulting in 28 process indicators to enable Public Health Nurses (PHNs) to measure care during the first postnatal visit. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of care using quality indicators plays an integral role in quality improvement. Developing quality indicators is important in improving care outcomes. This two round "modified Delphi" study combined with literature and previous qualitative findings identified process indicators to measure public health nursing practice at first postnatal visits and enables benchmarking. Developing quality indicators for public health nursing practice using a "modified Delphi" technique has enabled a platform to provide consensus amongst a panel of experts and identified key processes of care by PHNs and mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giltenane
- Lecturer in Nursing/Program Director Master in Health Sciences (Public Health Nursing), Room 410 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Aras Moyola, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ann Sheridan
- Lecturer and Researcher Mental Health, Subject Head-Mental Health Nursing, Chairperson Irish Institute of Mental Health Nursing, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, Room B310 UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Thilo Kroll
- Professor of Health Systems Management, Associate Dean for Research, Innovation and Impact, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, Fellow at the UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy, Room B225 UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kate Frazer
- Director Graduate Research, Head of Subject: Public Health and Community Nursing, Fellow European Academy Nursing Science, Fellow UCD Geary Institute Public Policy, Room B224, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Giltenane M, Sheridan A, Kroll T, Frazer K. Work environment challenging Irish public health nurses' care quality: First postnatal visit. Public Health Nurs 2021; 39:202-213. [PMID: 34672017 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exploring views and experiences of public health nurses of their work environment and measurement of care practices at first postnatal visits. DESIGN An exploratory qualitative design. Data collected using four focus groups and analyzed using thematic analysis. SAMPLE Nineteen public health nurses from four health service regions in Ireland participated. RESULTS Two themes emerged. Theme one identified "challenges of providing a quality service." Public health nurses identified workload demands and that the working environment can detract from the ability to provide a quality service. Challenges within the home, language barriers, and lack of support from management were key issues. Theme two identified "challenges of measuring quality of public health nursing practice." While Measuring practice through quantitative outcomes such as key performance indicators were viewed as inadequate to measure the quality of care provided, positive views of using quality process indicators to measure the quality of their practice emerged. CONCLUSIONS Key issues concern the working environment of public health nurses and challenges of providing and measuring care practices. Absence of appropriate supports and resources means public health nurses work hard to provide quality care. Public health nurses were confident they would score high on quality process measurements of their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Giltenane
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ann Sheridan
- Mental Health. Subject Head-Mental Health Nursing, Irish Institute of Mental Health Nursing, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery & Health Systems, UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thilo Kroll
- Health Systems Management, Research, Innovation and Impact, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD Geary Institute for Public Policy, UCD Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin (UCD), Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kate Frazer
- Public Health and Community Nursing, European Academy Nursing Science, UCD Geary Institute Public Policy, UCD School of Nursing, Midwifery and Health Systems, UCD College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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