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Ayoub MMRR, Lethem MI, Lansley AB. The effect of ingredients commonly used in nasal and inhaled solutions on the secretion of mucus in vitro. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121054. [PMID: 34461170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypersecretion of mucus is associated with impaired mucociliary clearance that can influence the retention of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the airway but is also linked with recurrent airway disease. Therefore, the effect on mucin secretion of a range of ingredients used in solutions delivered to the nose and lung was studied. Mucin secretion from explants of ovine epithelium was quantified using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) or sandwich ELLA depending on the compatibility of the ingredients with the assay. Benzalkonium chloride (0.015% w/w), Methocel™ E50 premium LV (1.0% w/w), propylene glycol (1.5% w/w), potassium sorbate + propylene glycol (0.3% w/w + 1.5% w/w) and polysorbate 80 (0.025% w/w), used at common working concentrations, all increased the secretion of mucin from the explants (P < 0.05). Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid-disodium salt (EDTA) (0.015% w/w), Avicel® RC591 (1.5% w/w), fluticasone furoate (0.0004% w/w, concentration in solution) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (0.2% w/w) did not affect mucin secretion. Compounds increasing mucin secretion could alter the rate of mucociliary clearance and the mucus could provide a barrier to drug absorption. This could predispose patients to disease and affect the activity of delivered drugs, decreasing or increasing their clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa M R R Ayoub
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Michael I Lethem
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| | - Alison B Lansley
- Biomaterials and Drug Delivery Research and Enterprise Group, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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2
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Schilling AL, Carcella AR, Moore J, Zahid M, Lo C, Wang EW, Lee SE, Little SR. Compatibility of a Thermoresponsive and Controlled Release System for Promoting Sinonasal Cilia Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100277. [PMID: 34390164 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current clinical goal for managing chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a heterogenous disease of the paranasal sinuses, is to control inflammation, yet adjunct therapies that promote mucosal regeneration can improve the long-term health of the upper airways. The small natural openings to the sinuses, however, limit the efficacy of traditional drug delivery methods (i.e., nasal sprays and irrigation). Accordingly, a conformable thermoresponsive and controlled release system ("TEMPS", Thermogel, Extended-release Microsphere-based delivery to the Paranasal Sinuses) is developed. The poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere component enables the encapsulation of numerous therapeutics, such as retinoic acid (RA), an analog of vitamin A (VA). Studies in CRS patients and preclinical models have shown that aqueous RA or VA gels promoted the differentiation of ciliated cells and improved mucosal healing following repeat applications. In the present study, TEMPS is designed for the controlled release of RA such that a single dose of RA-TEMPS delivers bioactive drug for at least 30 days. Furthermore, as TEMPS will be in direct contact with sinonasal tissue, its compatibility with ciliated human nasal epithelium is explored. After ex vivo incubation in thermogel for 24 h, cilia motility is maintained, providing evidence that TEMPS can be compatible for application along the sinonasal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Schilling
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Adam R Carcella
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical, Center, 1400 Locust Street, Suite 2100, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Maliha Zahid
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 8112, Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Cecilia Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 8112, Rangos Research Center, 530 45th Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Eric W Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical, Center, 1400 Locust Street, Suite 2100, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Stella E Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical, Center, 1400 Locust Street, Suite 2100, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Steven R Little
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 940 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 302 Benedum Hall, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Clinical and Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Forbes Tower, Suite 7057, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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3
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Zieglmayer P, Schmutz R, Lemell P, Unger-Manhart N, Nakowitsch S, Goessl A, Savli M, Zieglmayer R, Prieschl-Grassauer E. Fast effectiveness of a solubilized low-dose budesonide nasal spray in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1065-1077. [PMID: 32569395 PMCID: PMC7540702 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Budesonide, a poorly water‐soluble corticosteroid, is currently marketed as a suspension. Budesolv is a novel aqueous formulation containing dissolved budesonide showing increased local availability in preclinical models. Budesolv contains ~85% less corticosteroid than the marketed comparator. Objective The study (EudraCT:2018‐001324‐19) was designed to assess non‐inferiority of Budesolv compared to Rhinocort® Aqua 64 (RA) and early onset of action. Methods In a three‐way cross‐over double‐blinded randomized trial, Budesolv 10 was compared to RA and placebo in grass pollen allergic rhinoconjunctivitis volunteers (n = 83 (ITT); n = 75 (PP)). On day 1, participants entered the Vienna Challenge Chamber (VCC) for 6 hours; first treatment took place at 1:45 hours after entry. Participants treated themselves for further 6 days; on day 8, the last treatment was applied before entering the VCC. Subjective symptom scores, nasal airflow and nasal secretion were measured regularly during allergen challenge. Results Budesolv 10 was equally effective compared to RA with respect to TNSS and nasal airflow after eight days of treatment with a strongly reduced dose (more than 80% reduction). After first dose, only Budesolv 10 showed a significant reduction of nasal and respiratory symptoms starting 90 minutes (P < .05) and 15 minutes (P < .05) after application onwards, respectively, demonstrating an early onset of efficacy. A clinically significant 1 point reduction in nasal symptom score was reached at 195 minutes (P < .05) after application. Conclusions and clinical relevance The novel preservative‐free, aqueous low‐dose budesonide formulation is highly efficacious even after an initial single treatment. Thus, Budesolv 10 appears to be an effective acute treatment for allergic rhinitis as well as for AR comorbidities like mild asthma and conjunctivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Zieglmayer
- Power Project GmbH, Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria.,Medical University, Vienna, Austria
| | - René Schmutz
- Power Project GmbH, Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria.,Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Lemell
- Power Project GmbH, Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | - René Zieglmayer
- Power Project GmbH, Vienna Challenge Chamber, Vienna, Austria
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4
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Choi HY, Lee YH, Lim CH, Kim YS, Lee IS, Jo JM, Lee HY, Cha HG, Woo HJ, Seo DS. Assessment of respiratory and systemic toxicity of Benzalkonium chloride following a 14-day inhalation study in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:5. [PMID: 31992310 PMCID: PMC6986023 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-0339-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although biocides at low concentrations have been used to control pests, they can be more harmful than industrial chemicals as humans are directly and frequently exposed to such biocides. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC or BKC) is a non-toxic substance used to control pests. Recently, BAC has been increasingly used as a component in humidifier disinfectants in Korea, raising a serious health concern. Moreover, it poses significant health hazards to workers handling the chemical because of direct exposure. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the respiratory toxicity of BAC due to its inhalation at exposure concentrations of 0.8 (T1 group), 4 (T2 group) and 20 (T3 group) mg/m3. Results In our previous study on the acute inhalational toxicity of BAC, bleeding from the nasal cavity was observed in all the rats after exposure to 50 mg/m3 BAC. Therefore, in this study, 20 mg/m3 was set as the highest exposure concentration, followed by 4 and 0.8 mg/m3 as the medium and low concentrations for 6 h/day and 14 days, respectively. After exposure, recovery periods of 2 and 4 weeks were provided. Additionally, alveolar lavage fluid was analyzed in males of the BAC-exposed groups at the end of exposure and 2 weeks after exposure to evaluate oxidative damage. In the T3 group exposed to BAC, deep breathing, hoarseness, and nasal discharge were observed along with a decline in feed intake and body weight, and nasal discharge was also observed in the T1 and T2 groups. ROS/RNS, IL-1β, IL-6, and MIP-2 levels decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Histopathological examination showed cellular changes in the nasal cavity and the lungs of the TI, T2, and T3 groups. Conclusions As a result, it was confirmed that the target organs in the respiratory system were the nasal cavity and the lungs. The adverse effects were evaluated as reversible responses to oxidative damage. Furthermore, the no observed adverse effect level was found to be less than 0.8 mg/m3 and the lowest benchmark dose was 0.0031 mg/m3. Accordingly, the derived no-effect level of BAC was calculated as 0.000062 mg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Choi
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Lee
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Hong Lim
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soon Kim
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seop Lee
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Jo
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Young Lee
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Geun Cha
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jong Woo
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Seo
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Center, Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, KOSHA, 30 Expo-ro 339beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34122, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Inhalation toxicity of benzalkonium chloride and triethylene glycol mixture in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 378:114609. [PMID: 31173787 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a disinfectant, and triethylene glycol (TEG), an organic solvent/sanitizer, are frequently combined in commercially available household sprays. To assess the respiratory effect of this combination, Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to an aerosol containing BAC (0.5%, w/v) and TEG (10%, w/v) for up to 2 weeks in a whole-body inhalation chamber. BAC (4.1-4.5 mg/m3, sprayed from 0.5% solution) promoted pulmonary cell damage and inflammation as depicted by the increase in total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, whereas TEG (85.3-94.5 mg/m3, sprayed from 10% solution) did not affect the lung. Rats exposed to the BAC/TEG mixture for 2 weeks showed severe respiratory symptoms (sneezing, wheezing, breath shortness, and chest tightness), but no lung damage or inflammation was observed. However, significant ulceration and degenerative necrosis were observed in the nasal cavities of rats repeatedly exposed to the BAC/TEG mixture. The mass median aerodynamic diameters of the aqueous, BAC, TEG and BAC/TEG aerosols were 1.24, 1.27, 3.11 and 3.24 μm, respectively, indicating that TEG-containing aerosols have larger particles than those of the aqueous and BAC alone aerosols. These results suggest that the toxic effects of BAC and BAC/TEG aerosols on the different respiratory organs may be associated with the difference in particle diameter, since particle size is important in determining the deposition site of inhaled materials.
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6
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Jiao J, Zhang L. Influence of Intranasal Drugs on Human Nasal Mucociliary Clearance and Ciliary Beat Frequency. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019; 11:306-319. [PMID: 30912321 PMCID: PMC6439188 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.3.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nasal mucociliary clearance system, which comprises epithelial cilia and mucus from goblet cells, is an important intrinsic defense mechanism of the upper respiratory tract. Intranasal drugs and additives can have a detrimental effect on ciliary activity and mucociliary clearance, and thus impact the integrity of nasal defense mechanisms. This article discusses the current literature on the effects of different classes of intranasal drugs including intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, decongestants, antimicrobials and antivirals, as well as various drug excipients and nasal irrigation solutions on human nasal mucociliary clearance and ciliary beat frequency. Available data indicate that some intranasal formulations tend to hamper nasal ciliary function and mucociliary clearance. Therefore, it is of great importance to assess the effects of intranasal drugs and additives on mucociliary function before they are recommended as therapy for different nasal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China.
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7
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Zhou M, Zuo KJ, Xu ZF, Guan WJ, Jiang LJ, Luo X, Zheng R, Wang D, Cao YJ, Chen Y, Yang F, Liu C, Shi JB, Lai YY. Effect of Cellulose Powder on Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Activity and Ciliary Beat Frequency. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2018; 178:229-237. [PMID: 30408809 DOI: 10.1159/000493582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellulose powder (CP) has been reported as a safe and effective complementary treatment for allergic rhinitis (AR). Currently, CP has gained increasing application for clinical management worldwide, particularly in China. However, studies focusing on the effect of CP on normal human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) and ciliary function are lacking. Here, we aimed to explore the adverse effects of CP on the activity and ciliary function of hNECs. METHODS We biopsied ethmoid sinus or middle turbinate tissues during surgical resection from control subjects who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for diseases other than AR. Cells were isolated and passaged, followed by differentiation in an air-liquid interface (ALI). Flow cytometry and cell viability test (cell counting kit-8) were performed to detect the cytotoxicity of CP (effects on cell proliferation) on normal hNECs. By using the ALI culture model, we investigated the effects of CP on ciliary beat frequency (CBF). RESULTS There was a significant reduction in hNEC count at high concentrations of CP (2.5 mg/mL) at days 3 and 7 (both p < 0.05). As the concentration increased, cell death increased progressively from day 3 to day 7. However, these effects were not evident at low concentrations (0.25 mg/mL, p > 0.05). High-dose CP (2.5 mg) significantly reduced the CBF (p < 0.05). At lower concentrations (0.25-2.5 mg/mL), CP initially increased but subsequently reduced the CBF of hNECs compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS Cytotoxicity and the suppression of ciliary beat at high concentrations justify more prudent use of CP for the management of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Jun Zuo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jie Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dang Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Otolaryngology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Otolaryngology Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bo Shi
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Yan Lai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China,
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8
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Inoue D, Kimura S, Kiriyama A, Katsumi H, Yamamoto A, Ogawara KI, Higaki K, Tanaka A, Yutani R, Sakane T, Furubayashi T. Quantitative Estimation of the Effect of Nasal Mucociliary Function on in Vivo Absorption of Norfloxacin after Intranasal Administration to Rats. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4462-4469. [PMID: 30165013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nasal drug delivery has attracted significant attention as an alternative route to deliver drugs having poor bioavailability. Large-molecule drugs, such as peptides and central nervous system drugs, would benefit from intranasal delivery. Drug absorption after intranasal application depends on the nasal retention of the drug, which is determined by the nasal mucociliary clearance. Mucociliary clearance (MC) is an important determinant of the rate and extent of nasal drug absorption. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of the changes in MC on in vivo drug absorption after nasal application, and to justify the pharmacokinetic model to which the MC parameter was introduced, to enable prediction of bioavailability after intranasal administration. The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin (NFX) after intranasal administration were evaluated following the modification of nasal MC by pretreatment with the MC inhibitors propranolol and atropine and the MC enhancers terbutaline and acetylcholine chloride. From the relationship between nasal MC and bioavailability after nasal application, prediction of drug absorption was attempted on the basis of our pharmacokinetic model. Propranolol and atropine enhanced the bioavailability of NFX by 90 and 40%, respectively, while the bioavailability decreased by 30% following terbutaline and 40% following acetylcholine chloride. As a result of changes in the MC function, nasal drug absorption was changed depending on the nasal residence time of the drug. On the basis of our pharmacokinetic model, the nasal drug absorption can be precisely predicted, even when the MC is changed. This prediction system allows the quantitative evaluation of changes in drug absorption due to changes in nasal MC and is expected to contribute greatly to the development of nasal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Shujitsu University , 1-6-1 Nishigawara , Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516 , Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts , Kodo, Kyotanabe-shi , Kyoto 610-0395 , Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts , Kodo, Kyotanabe-shi , Kyoto 610-0395 , Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics , Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , 5 Misasagi-nakauchi-cho , Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414 , Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics , Kyoto Pharmaceutical University , 5 Misasagi-nakauchi-cho , Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414 , Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Okayama University , 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka , Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi , Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558 , Japan
| | - Reiko Yutani
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi , Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558 , Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology , Kobe Pharmaceutical University , 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi , Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558 , Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy , Shujitsu University , 1-6-1 Nishigawara , Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516 , Japan
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9
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Inoue D, Tanaka A, Kimura S, Kiriyama A, Katsumi H, Yamamoto A, Ogawara KI, Kimura T, Higaki K, Yutani R, Sakane T, Furubayashi T. The relationship between in vivo nasal drug clearance and in vitro nasal mucociliary clearance: Application to the prediction of nasal drug absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 117:21-26. [PMID: 29410273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Drug absorption after nasal application is dependent on drug clearance from the nasal cavity, which is determined by nasal mucociliary clearance (MC). We previously developed an in vitro method to evaluate MC via the translocation velocity of fluorescent microspheres (VFMS) applied to excised rat nasal mucosa. In the present study, the relationship between in vivo nasal MC and in vitro VFMS was examined to optimize our PK model for the prediction of nasal drug absorption. Appropriate inhibitors (propranolol and atropine) and enhancers (terbutaline and acetylcholine chloride) of MC were utilized to modify MC. In vivo clearance of drug from the nasal cavity was determined from the disappearance of fluorescent microspheres (FMS) from the nasal cavity following nasal application to rats. The first order elimination rate constant, kmc, was determined from the disappearance profiles of FMS. kmc was decreased to 35.8% by propranolol and 52.6% by atropine, but increased to 117% by terbutaline and 168% by acetylcholine chloride. A significant linear correlation was observed between kmc and VFMS (r2 = 0.9745, p < 0.001). These results indicate that in vivo kmc can be estimated from the in vitro parameter, VFMS. By introducing linear correlation into our PK model, nasal drug absorption may be precisely estimated, even with changes in MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | - Akiko Tanaka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kimura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Akiko Kiriyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kodo, Kyotanabe-shi, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan
| | - Hidemasa Katsumi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Misasagi-nakauchi-cho, Yamashina, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawara
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshikiro Kimura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Higaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Reiko Yutani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Sakane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furubayashi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-ku, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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10
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Abstract
The available toxicity data of benzalkonium chloride (BKC) clearly shows that it is toxic; however, the weight of evidence favors the view that at doses encountered in nasally and orally inhaled pharmaceutical preparations it is well tolerated. The adverse toxicological data predominantly come from in vitro and animal studies in which doses and exposure periods employed were excessive in relation to the clinical doses and their posology and, therefore, not directly applicable to the clinic. The conflict between the in vitro and animal data and the clinical experience can be reconciled by understanding some of the physicochemical properties of BKC, the nasal and respiratory tract microenvironments, the doses used, and the posology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil F Johnson
- Pharma Toxicology Safety Solutions LLC , Highland Park, Illinois
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11
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Menzel C, Jelkmann M, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Nasal drug delivery: Design of a novel mucoadhesive and in situ gelling polymer. Int J Pharm 2016; 517:196-202. [PMID: 27890621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a novel polymeric excipient for liquid nasal dosage forms exhibiting viscosity increasing properties, improved mucoadhesion and stability towards oxidation in solution. In order to achieve this goal, 2-mercaptonicotinic acid was first coupled to l-cysteine by disulfide exchange reaction and after purification directly attached to the polymeric backbone of xanthan gum by carbodiimide mediated amide bond formation. The resulting conjugate was characterized with respect to the amount of coupled ligand, the in situ gelling behavior, mucoadhesive properties and stability towards oxidation. Furthermore, the influence of preactivated polymers on ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of porcine nasal epithelial cells was investigated. Results showed, that 252.52±20.54μmol of the ligand was attached per gram polymer. No free thiol groups could be detected on the polymeric backbone indicating entire preactivation. Rheological investigations of polymer mucus mixtures revealed a 1.7-fold and 2.5-fold enhanced mucoadhesion of entirely preactivated xanthan (Xan-Cys-MNA) compared to thiolated xanthan (Xan-Cys) and unmodified xanthan (Xan). Tensile force evaluation reported a 2.87 and 5.11-fold higher total work of adhesion (TWA) as well as a 1.63 and 2.41-fold higher maximum detachement force of Xan-Cys-MNA compared to Xan-Cys and Xan. In the presence of H2O2 as an oxidizing agent Xan-Cys-MNA showed unlike Xan-Cys no increase in viscosity, indicating high stability towards oxidation. Addition of CaCl2 to Xan-Cys-MNA solutions caused a decrease in viscosity at nevertheless higher total viscosity. Results from CBF studies proved nasal safety for the novel conjugate. According to these results, entirely preactivated thiolated xanthan gum seems to be a promising excipient for nasal dosage forms in order to improve drug bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Menzel
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Max Jelkmann
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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12
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The Influence of Nebulized Drugs on Nasal Ciliary Activity. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2016; 29:378-85. [PMID: 26741301 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nebulized drugs are used in the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease, asthma, and COPD, and increasingly also in other chronic lung diseases. Their use in CF is reasonably evidence based, but this is not so for use in other orphan diseases. Potential side effects often have not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of nebulized drugs on ciliary activity in an in vitro model. METHODS We constructed an in vitro nebulization model to examine the effect of drugs on ciliary activity. The model was validated by testing solutions with known neutral, positive, or negative effect on ciliary beat frequency (CBF). Next, the influence on CBF of other inhaled drugs was tested. RESULTS Nebulization of NaCl 0.9% had no influence on CBF, and was used as paired neutral control in further experiments. Salbutamol (Ventolin(®)) had a ciliostimulatory effect (CBF +18%, CBF at t0-t10-t60 7.1-8.5-8.6 Hz, p = 0.002), while hypertonic saline (CBF - 11%, CBF at t0-t10-t60 6.5-5.1-5.9 Hz, p = 0.018) and dry air (CBF -10%, CBF at t0-t10-t60 6.8-5.8-6.1 Hz, p = 0.008) had a cilioinhibitory effect. Nebulization of tobramycin inhaled solution (TOBI(®)) (p = 0.662), colistimethate (Colistineb(®)) (p = 0.369), rhDNAse (Pulmozyme(®)) (p = 0.069), ceftazidim (Glazidim(®)) (p = 0.875), and aztreonam (Cayston(®)) (p = 0.435) did not affect CBF. Obracin(®), a tobramycin containing solution manufactured for intravenous use, had a negative effect on CBF (CBF - 21%, CBF at t0-t10-t60 6.9-5.2-4.5 Hz, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION Inhaled drugs that are used off-label might have an influence on ciliary activity. This must be taken into account when prescribing these drugs for non-CF indications.
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13
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Workman AD, Cohen NA. The effect of drugs and other compounds on the ciliary beat frequency of human respiratory epithelium. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2015; 28:454-64. [PMID: 25514481 DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2014.28.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia in the human respiratory tract play a critical role in clearing mucus and debris from the airways. Their function can be affected by a number of drugs or other substances, many of which alter ciliary beat frequency (CBF). This has implications for diseases of the respiratory tract and nasal drug delivery. This article is a systematic review of the literature that examines 229 substances and their effect on CBF. METHODS MEDLINE was the primary database used for data collection. Eligibility criteria based on experimental design were established, and 152 studies were ultimately selected. Each individual trial for the substances tested was noted whenever possible, including concentration, time course, specific effect on CBF, and source of tissue. RESULTS There was a high degree of heterogeneity between the various experiments examined in this article. Substances and their general effects (increase, no effect, decrease) were grouped into six categories: antimicrobials and antivirals, pharmacologics, human biological products, organisms and toxins, drug excipients, and natural compounds/other manipulations. CONCLUSION Organisms, toxins, and drug excipients tend to show a cilioinhibitory effect, whereas substances in all other categories had mixed effects. All studies examined were in vitro experiments, and application of the results in vivo is confounded by several factors. The data presented in this article should be useful in future respiratory research and examination of compounds for therapeutic and drug delivery purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Workman
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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14
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Jiao J, Meng N, Zhang L. The effect of topical corticosteroids, topical antihistamines, and preservatives on human ciliary beat frequency. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2014; 76:127-36. [PMID: 24969737 DOI: 10.1159/000363575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the corticosteroids, the antihistamines, and the preservatives benzalkonium chloride (BKC) and potassium sorbate (PS) in intranasal medications on human nasal epithelial ciliary beat frequency (CBF). METHODS Primary ciliated epithelial cell cultures from the human nasal mucosa of chronic sinusitis patients were established. Changes in CBF of epithelial cell cultures treated/untreated with intranasal medications or preservatives were assessed using high-speed digital imaging methods. RESULTS Budesonide caused a rapid but reversible ciliostasis and showed no ciliotoxic effect at 10% dilution. Fluticasone propionate induced an irreversible ciliostatic activity and showed a reversible decrease in CBF at 10% dilution. Azelastine hydrochloride and levocabastine hydrochloride both induced a dose-dependent and irreversible decrease in CBF, although the ciliotoxic effect was not evident at 5% dilution. BKC resulted in an irreversible ciliostasis at 0.005 or 0.01% concentrations, whereas PS did not show any change in CBF at 0.12 or 0.24% concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Crystalline BKC and BKC-containing intranasal medications, including fluticasone propionate, azelastine hydrochloride and levocabastine hydrochloride, but not PS or PS-containing intranasal budesonide spray, led to irreversible ciliostasis in human nasal epithelial cell cultures when applied at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, and Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
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15
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Stein SW, Sheth P, Hodson PD, Myrdal PB. Advances in metered dose inhaler technology: hardware development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:326-38. [PMID: 24357110 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs) were first introduced in the 1950s and they are currently widely prescribed as portable systems to treat pulmonary conditions. MDIs consist of a formulation containing dissolved or suspended drug and hardware needed to contain the formulation and enable efficient and consistent dose delivery to the patient. The device hardware includes a canister that is appropriately sized to contain sufficient formulation for the required number of doses, a metering valve capable of delivering a consistent amount of drug with each dose delivered, an actuator mouthpiece that atomizes the formulation and serves as a conduit to deliver the aerosol to the patient, and often an indicating mechanism that provides information to the patient on the number of doses remaining. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art of MDI hardware and includes discussion of enhancements made to the device's core subsystems. In addition, technologies that aid the correct use of MDIs will be discussed. These include spacers, valved holding chambers, and breath-actuated devices. Many of the improvements discussed in this article increase the ability of MDI systems to meet regulatory specifications. Innovations that enhance the functionality of MDIs continue to be balanced by the fact that a key advantage of MDI systems is their low cost per dose. The expansion of the health care market in developing countries and the increased focus on health care costs in many developed countries will ensure that MDIs remain a cost-effective crucial delivery system for treating pulmonary conditions for many years to come.
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16
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Stein SW, Sheth P, Hodson PD, Myrdal PB. Advances in metered dose inhaler technology: hardware development. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013. [PMID: 24357110 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0062-y.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs) were first introduced in the 1950s and they are currently widely prescribed as portable systems to treat pulmonary conditions. MDIs consist of a formulation containing dissolved or suspended drug and hardware needed to contain the formulation and enable efficient and consistent dose delivery to the patient. The device hardware includes a canister that is appropriately sized to contain sufficient formulation for the required number of doses, a metering valve capable of delivering a consistent amount of drug with each dose delivered, an actuator mouthpiece that atomizes the formulation and serves as a conduit to deliver the aerosol to the patient, and often an indicating mechanism that provides information to the patient on the number of doses remaining. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art of MDI hardware and includes discussion of enhancements made to the device's core subsystems. In addition, technologies that aid the correct use of MDIs will be discussed. These include spacers, valved holding chambers, and breath-actuated devices. Many of the improvements discussed in this article increase the ability of MDI systems to meet regulatory specifications. Innovations that enhance the functionality of MDIs continue to be balanced by the fact that a key advantage of MDI systems is their low cost per dose. The expansion of the health care market in developing countries and the increased focus on health care costs in many developed countries will ensure that MDIs remain a cost-effective crucial delivery system for treating pulmonary conditions for many years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen W Stein
- 3M Drug Delivery Systems, 3M Center-Building 260-3A-05, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55144, USA,
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Kolhe
- Pharmaceutical R&D-BioTx Pharmaceutical, Chesterfield, Missouri USA
| | - Mrinal Shah
- LifeCell Corporation, Bridgewater, New Jersey USA
| | - Nitin Rathore
- Drug Product Engineering, Amgen, Thousand Oaks, California USA
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18
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Wang C, Deng Q, Han D, Zhang L. Effects of Benzalkonium Chloride and Potassium Sorbate on Airway Ciliary Activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 74:149-53. [PMID: 22508392 DOI: 10.1159/000337830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing TongRen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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19
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Vaede D, Baudouin C, Warnet JM, Brignole-Baudouin F. Les conservateurs des collyres : vers une prise de conscience de leur toxicité. J Fr Ophtalmol 2010; 33:505-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2010.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Slütter B, Bal S, Keijzer C, Mallants R, Hagenaars N, Que I, Kaijzel E, van Eden W, Augustijns P, Löwik C, Bouwstra J, Broere F, Jiskoot W. Nasal vaccination with N-trimethyl chitosan and PLGA based nanoparticles: Nanoparticle characteristics determine quality and strength of the antibody response in mice against the encapsulated antigen. Vaccine 2010; 28:6282-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Mallants R, Vlaeminck V, Jorissen M, Augustijns P. An improved primary human nasal cell culture for the simultaneous determination of transepithelial transport and ciliary beat frequency. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010. [DOI: 10.1211/jpp.61.07.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The aim was to establish a preclinical in-vitro system of the nasal mucosa for the simultaneous evaluation of nasal absorption and effects on ciliary activity.
Methods
Human nasal epithelial cells were grown in collagen-coated transport inserts with transparent polyethylene terephthalate membranes (3 μm). Transepithelial transport and ciliary beat frequency values were measured every 15 min for 1 h.
Key findings
The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) for atenolol (mainly paracellular transport) and propranolol (transcellular transport) amounted to 0.1 ± 0.1 and 23.7 ± 0.6 × 10−6 cm/s, respectively, illustrating that the system can be used to discriminate between high permeability and low permeability compounds. Transport of talinolol (substrate for the P-glycoprotein efflux carrier) did not reveal polarity (0.3 ± 0.2 and 0.2 ± 0.1 × 10−6 cm/s for absorptive and secretory transport, respectively) and was not affected by verapamil (10 μm), suggesting the absence of P-glycoprotein in the nasal cell culture. No significant effects of atenolol, propranolol and talinolol on ciliary beat frequency were observed (98 ± 20% of the control condition after 60 min). Chlorocresol significantly decreased the ciliary activity but this decrease was not accompanied by effects on the transepithelial transport of atenolol, propranolol and talinolol.
Conclusions
A new system was developed which offers possibilities as a fast screening tool for studying the potential of compounds for nasal drug administration, since permeability and a possible cilio-toxic effect can be assessed simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Mallants
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valerie Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Jorissen
- Laboratory for Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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Neher A, Gstöttner M, Thaurer M, Augustijns P, Reinelt M, Schobersberger W. Influence of essential and fatty oils on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 22:130-4. [PMID: 18416967 DOI: 10.2500/ajr.2008.22.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In alternative and complementary medicine, the use of essential and fatty oils has become more and more popular. In addition to conventional medical therapies, self-medication is showing increasing popularity, using agents with unclear compounds and poorly controlled dosages. Among other disorders, these alternative treatments are used in bronchitis and rhinitis, including some topical applications. Thus, the influence on ciliated epithelia should be evaluated, because a disturbance of the ciliary function can lead to recurrent sinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis. The aim of this study was to test the influence of fatty and essential oils on the ciliary beat frequency (CBF) of nasal mucosa in vivo. METHODS The influence of sesame oil, soy oil, peanut oil, Miglyol 840, thyme oil, lavender oil, eucalyptus oil, and menthol on the ciliary activity of nasal brushings was evaluated by digital high-speed imaging. RESULTS The presence of most fatty oils resulted in an increase in CBF, the effect being highest for peanut oil. Miglyol 840 had no significant influence on CBF. The essential oils were tested at a concentration of 0.2 and 2%. Thyme oil did not affect CBF, whereas the presence of all other essentials oils resulted in an increase in CBF; the effect was higher at 0.2% than at 2%. CONCLUSION Except thyme oil and Miglyol 840, all tested oils caused an increase in CBF. Interestingly, the 0.2% concentrations of essential oils resulted in stronger effects when compared with the 2% concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Neher
- Innsbruck Medical University, Anichstr. 35, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Mallants R, Jorissen M, Augustijns P. Beneficial effect of antibiotics on ciliary beat frequency of human nasal epithelial cells exposed to bacterial toxins. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:437-43. [PMID: 18380915 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.4.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we explored whether the cilio-inhibitory effect induced by toxins derived from bacterial infections could be compensated for by a cilio-stimulatory effect of antibiotics. Human nasal epithelial cells (HNEC) expressing beating cilia were grown as monolayers. Ciliary beat frequency (CBF) was determined using an inverted microscope coupled with a high-speed digital camera. Clarithromycin and neomycin did not influence ciliary activity. Bacitracin, clindamycin, gramicidin and roxithromycin increased CBF significantly: by 50 +/- 12%, 54 +/- 16%, 31 +/- 16% and 31 +/- 18%, respectively. A 30 min exposure to Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (PAL) decreased CBF significantly, by 37 +/- 16 and 28 +/- 12%, respectively. In contrast with exposure to the toxin alone, co-incubation of the nasal monolayer cells with PAL and bacitracin or clindamycin did not result in a decrease in CBF after 30 and 60 min. The effect of SEB could be compensated for by bacitracin but not by clindamycin. After a 12 h preincubation period with SEB, co-incubation with either bacitracin or clindamycin resulted in the complete recovery of CBF. This study suggests that topical antibiotic treatment of nasal infections could result in a dual positive effect, namely treatment of the bacterial infection and recovery of ciliary activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Mallants
- Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Zhang L, Han D, Song X, Wang K, Wang H. Effect of oxymetazoline on healthy human nasal ciliary beat frequency measured with high-speed digital microscopy and mucociliary transport time. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2008; 117:127-33. [PMID: 18357837 DOI: 10.1177/000348940811700211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of oxymetazoline hydrochloride on the regulation of healthy human nasal ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and its influence on nasal mucociliary transport time (MTT). METHODS Changes in (cultured) human nasal CBF in response to increasing concentrations of oxymetazoline within 20 minutes were quantified by use of high-speed digital microscopy. Moreover, the MTT before and after application of 0.05% oxymetazoline was determined by use of the saccharin test. RESULTS Whereas no statistically significant difference was identified when compared to basal CBF at the concentration of 0.025% or 0.05%, both 0.10% and 0.20% oxymetazoline induced a significantly lower CBF at the end of the observation period. The decrement induced by 0.20% oxymetazoline appeared earlier. At concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.20%, the inhibitory effect was dependent on the concentration of oxymetazoline. In addition, the use of 0.05% oxymetazoline increased the mean (+/- SD) human nasal MTT from 474 +/- 21 seconds to 572 +/- 41 seconds (n = 29). CONCLUSIONS The clinical concentration of oxymetazoline, 0.05%, has no obvious inhibitory effect on human nasal CBF in vitro. The increased MTT caused by 0.05% oxymetazoline in vivo is within the normal range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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