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Wang JX, Liu C, Huang H, He R, Geng S, Yu XF. Microencapsulation of Lead-Halide Perovskites in an Oil-in-Fluorine Emulsion for Cell Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091540. [PMID: 37177085 PMCID: PMC10180417 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The superior optical properties of lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) inspired significant research in cell imaging applications; many encapsulating processes have improved perovskite stabilities with comparable biosafety. Herein, facile solvent evaporation encapsulation based on an oil-in-fluorine emulsion for aqueous-stable and extremely nontoxic LHP microcapsules is described. Perfluorooctane dispersed the emulsifier fluorocarbon surfactant to form a continuous fluorine phase, while LHPs and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) were dispersed in 1,2-dichloroethane, then emulsified in the fluorine phase to form an oil-in-fluorine emulsion. CsPbBr3 microcapsules with a dense PMMA shell that protect fragile CsPbBr3 from the external environment and inhibit lead ion release were obtained after solvent evaporation. The CsPbBr3 microcapsules not only retained 91% of fluorescence intensity after exposure to water for 30 d but also possess extremely low cytotoxicity for MCF-7 cells. After exposure to 2 mg/mL of CsPbBr3 microcapsules for 48 h, the cell viability remained >90%. The intracellular uptake of CsPbBr3 microcapsules indicates its potential use in cell imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Wang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rui He
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shengyong Geng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xue-Feng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Hubei Three Gorges Laboratory, Yichang 443007, China
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Mei Q, Luo P, Zuo Y, Li J, Zou Q, Li Y, Jiang D, Wang Y. Formulation and in vitro characterization of rifampicin-loaded porous poly (ε-caprolactone) microspheres for sustained skeletal delivery. Drug Des Devel Ther 2018; 12:1533-1544. [PMID: 29910601 PMCID: PMC5987792 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s163005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a serious public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of elderly people worldwide, which is difficult to be treated by traditional methods because of the peculiarity of skeletal system and liver damage caused by high-dose administration. In this research, a porous drug release system has been attempted to encapsulate rifampicin (RIF) into poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) microspheres to improve the efficacy and benefit of anti-tuberculosis drug in skeletal system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The microspheres prepared by two different methods, oil-in-oil (o/o) emulsion solvent evaporation method and oil-in-water (o/w) method, were characterized in terms of morphology, size, encapsulation efficiency, drug distribution, degradation, and crystallinity. RESULTS The microspheres exhibited a porous structure with evenly drug distribution prepared by o/o emulsion solvent evaporation method, and their diameter ranged from 50.54 to 57.34 μm. The encapsulation efficiency was up to 61.86% when drug-loading content was only 1.51%, and showed a little decrease with the drug-loading content increasing. In vitro release studies revealed that the drug release from porous microspheres was controlled by non-Fickian diffusion, and almost 80% of the RIF were completely released after 10 days. The results of RIF-loaded microspheres on the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus proved that the porous microspheres had strong antibacterial ability. In addition, the polymer crystallinity had prominent influence on the degradation rate of microspheres regardless of the morphology. CONCLUSION It was an efficient way to entrap slightly water-soluble drug like RIF into PCL by o/o emulsion solvent evaporation method with uniform drug distribution. The RIF-loaded porous PCL microspheres showed the combination of good antimicrobial properties and excellent cytocompatibility, and it could generate gentle environment by PCL slow degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjing Mei
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peipei Luo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zuo
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Zou
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yubao Li
- Research Center for Nano Biomaterials, Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dianming Jiang
- Center of Bone and Trauma, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Meng F, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu H, Huo X, Ma H, Ma Z, Xiong H. Microencapsulation of oxalic acid via oil-in-oil (O/O) emulsion solvent evaporation. POWDER TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Amphiphilic block-random copolymer surfactants with tunable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance for preparation of non-aqueous dispersions by an emulsion solvent evaporation method. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vaculikova E, Cernikova A, Placha D, Pisarcik M, Peikertova P, Dedkova K, Devinsky F, Jampilek J. Preparation of Hydrochlorothiazide Nanoparticles for Solubility Enhancement. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21081005. [PMID: 27490530 PMCID: PMC6274297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21081005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles can be considered as a useful tool for improving properties of poorly soluble active ingredients. Hydrochlorothiazide (Class IV of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System) was chosen as a model compound. Antisolvent precipitation-solvent evaporation and emulsion solvent evaporation methods were used for preparation of 18 samples containing hydrochlorothiazide nanoparticles. Water solutions of surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and carboxymethyl dextran were used in mass concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5%. Acetone and dichloromethane were used as solvents of the model compound. The particle size of the prepared samples was measured by dynamic light scattering. The selected sample of hydrochlorothiazide nanoparticles stabilized with carboxymethyl dextran sodium salt with particle size 2.6 nm was characterized additionally by Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the solubility of this sample was 6.5-fold higher than that of bulk hydrochlorothiazide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Vaculikova
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Aneta Cernikova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho 1/3, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Daniela Placha
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- IT4 Innovations Centrum Excellence, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Pisarcik
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinciakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Pavlina Peikertova
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- IT4 Innovations Centrum Excellence, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Dedkova
- Nanotechnology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
- Regional Materials Science and Technology Centre, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Ferdinand Devinsky
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinciakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Kucuk I. Polymer nanospheres formed by a microfluidic technique with Evans blue dye. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Israfil Kucuk
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; Firat University; Elazig 23279 Turkey
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Kucuk I, Edirisinghe M. Microfluidic preparation of polymer nanospheres. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 16:2626. [PMID: 25484617 PMCID: PMC4255063 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, solid polymer nanospheres with their surface tailored for drug adhesion were prepared using a V-shaped microfluidic junction. The biocompatible polymer solutions were infused using two channels of the microfluidic junction which was also simultaneously fed with a volatile liquid, perfluorohexane using the other channel. The mechanism by which the nanospheres are generated is explained using high speed camera imaging. The polymer concentration (5-50 wt%) and flow rates of the feeds (50-300 µl min-1) were important parameters in controlling the nanosphere diameter. The diameter of the polymer nanospheres was found to be in the range of 80-920 nm with a polydispersity index of 11-19 %. The interior structure and surfaces of the nanospheres prepared were studied using advanced microscopy and showed the presence of fine pores and cracks on surface which can be used as drug entrapment locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israfil Kucuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Firat University, Elazig, 23279 Turkey
| | - Mohan Edirisinghe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE UK
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Casadei MA, Cesa S, Pacelli S, Paolicelli P, Tita B, Vitali F. Dextran-based hydrogel microspheres obtained in w/o emulsion: preparation, characterisation andin vivostudies. J Microencapsul 2014; 31:440-7. [DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.871360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Miranda PO, Llanes P, Torkian L, Pericàs MA. A Fluorous Proline Organocatalyst with Acetone-Dependent Aldolase Behavior. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yağ G, Çalış S, Arıca-Yegin B. The effect of inorganic salt type and concentration on hydrophilic drug loading into microspheres using the emulsion/solvent diffusion method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2013; 40:390-7. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.763139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chang MW, Edirisinghe M, Stride E. Ultrasound mediated release from stimuli-responsive core–shell capsules. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3962-3971. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20465k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Staff RH, Landfester K, Crespy D. Recent Advances in the Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Technique for the Preparation of Nanoparticles and Nanocapsules. HIERARCHICAL MACROMOLECULAR STRUCTURES: 60 YEARS AFTER THE STAUDINGER NOBEL PRIZE II 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2013_233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Severino P, Santana MHA, Pinho SC, Souto EB. Polímeros sintéticos biodegradáveis: matérias-primas e métodos de produção de micropartículas para uso em drug delivery e liberação controlada. POLIMEROS 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282011005000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Micropartículas produzidas a partir de polímeros sintéticos têm sido amplamente utilizadas na área farmacêutica para encapsulação de princípios ativos. Essas micropartículas apresentam as vantagens de proteção do princípio ativo, mucoadesão e gastrorresistência, melhor biodisponibilidade e maior adesão do paciente ao tratamento. Além disso, utiliza menores quantidade de princípio ativo para obtenção do efeito terapêutico proporcionando diminuição dos efeitos adversos locais, sistêmicos e menor toxidade. Os polímeros sintéticos empregados na produção das micropartículas são classificados biodegradáveis ou não biodegradáveis, sendo os biodegradáveis mais utilizados por não necessitam ser removidos cirurgicamente após o término de sua ação. A produção das micropartículas poliméricas sintéticas para encapsulação tanto de ativos hidrofílicos quanto hidrofóbicos pode ser emulsificação por extração e/ou evaporação do solvente; coacervação; métodos mecânicos e estão revisados neste artigo evidenciando as vantagens, desvantagens e viabilidade de cada metodologia. A escolha da metodologia e do polímero sintético a serem empregados na produção desse sistema dependem da aplicação terapêutica requerida, bem como a simplicidade, reprodutibilidade e factibilidade do aumento de escala da produção.
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Zaki Rizkalla CM, latif Aziz R, Soliman II. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of hydroxyzine hydrochloride microsponges for topical delivery. AAPS PharmSciTech 2011; 12:989-1001. [PMID: 21800216 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-011-9663-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxyzine HCl is used in oral formulations for the treatment of urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Dizziness, blurred vision, and anticholinergic responses, represent the most common side effects. It has been shown that controlled release of the drug from a delivery system to the skin could reduce the side effects while reducing percutaneous absorption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to produce an effective drug-loaded dosage form that is able to control the release of hydroxyzine hydrochloride into the skin. The Microsponge Delivery System is a unique technology for the controlled release of topical agents, and it consists of porous polymeric microspheres, typically 10-50 μm in diameter, loaded with active agents. Eudragit RS-100 microsponges of the drug were prepared by the oil in an oil emulsion solvent diffusion method using acetone as dispersing solvent and liquid paraffin as the continuous medium. Magnesium stearate was added to the dispersed phase to prevent flocculation of Eudragit RS-100 microsponges. Pore inducers such as sucrose and pregelatinized starch were used to enhance the rate of drug release. Microsponges of nearly 98% encapsulation efficiency and 60-70% porosity were produced. The pharmacodynamic effect of the chosen preparation was tested on the shaved back of histamine-sensitized rabbits. Histopathological studies were driven for the detection of the healing of inflamed tissues.
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Bosselmann S, Owens DE, Kennedy RL, Herpin MJ, Williams RO. Plasma deposited stability enhancement coating for amorphous ketoprofen. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 78:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chang MW, Stride E, Edirisinghe M. Stimulus-responsive liquids for encapsulation storage and controlled release of drugs from nano-shell capsules. J R Soc Interface 2010; 8:451-6. [PMID: 20943684 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-delivery systems with a unique capability to respond to a given stimulus can improve therapeutic efficacy. However, development of such systems is currently heavily reliant on responsive polymeric materials and pursuing this singular strategy limits the potential for clinical translation. In this report, with a model system used for drug-release studies, we demonstrate a new strategy: how a temperature-responsive non-toxic, volatile liquid can be encapsulated and stored under ambient conditions and subsequently programmed for controlled drug release without relying on a smart polymer. When the stimulus temperature is reached, controlled encapsulation of different amounts of dye in the capsules is achieved and facilitates subsequent sustained release. With different ratios of the liquid (perfluorohexane): dye in the capsules, enhanced controlled release with real-time response is provided. Hence, our findings offer great potential for drug-delivery applications and provide new generic insights into the development of stimuli drug-release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Chang MW, Stride E, Edirisinghe M. Controlling the thickness of hollow polymeric microspheres prepared by electrohydrodynamic atomization. J R Soc Interface 2010; 7 Suppl 4:S451-60. [PMID: 20519216 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2010.0092.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the ability to control the shell thickness of hollow polymeric microspheres prepared using electrohydrodynamic processing at ambient temperature was investigated. Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) was used as a model material for the microsphere shell encapsulating a core of liquid perfluorohexane (PFH). The microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and optical and electron microscopy, and the effects of the processing parameters (flow-rate ratio, polymer concentration and applied voltage) on the mean microsphere diameter (D) and shell thickness (t) were determined. It was found that the mean diameters of the hollow microspheres could be controlled in the range from 310 to 1000 nm while the corresponding mean shell thickness varied from 40 to 95 nm. The results indicate that the ratio D : t varied with polymer concentration, with the largest value of approximately 10 achieved with a solution containing 18 wt% of the polymer, while the smallest value (6.6) was obtained at 36 wt%. For polymer concentrations above 63 wt%, hollow microspheres could not be generated, but instead PMSQ fibres encapsulating PFH liquid were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Chang MW, Stride E, Edirisinghe M. A new method for the preparation of monoporous hollow microspheres. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:5115-5121. [PMID: 20095539 DOI: 10.1021/la903592s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of producing a hollow microsphere with a single hole in its shell by coaxial electrohydrodynamic atomization (CEHDA) is demonstrated. Polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) was used as a model shell material encapsulating a core of a volatile liquid, perfluorohexane (PFH), which was subsequently evaporated to produce the hollow microspheres. The diameters of the microspheres and of the single surface pore were controlled by varying the flow rate of the components, the concentration of the PMSQ solution, and the applied voltage in the CEHDA process. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the ranges obtained were 275-860 nm for the microsphere diameter and 35-135 nm for the pore size. The process overcomes several of the key problems associated with existing methods of monoporous microsphere formation including removing the need for elevated temperatures, multiple processing steps, and the use of surfactants and other additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
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Khan I, Ranjha N, Mehmood H. Development of ethylcellulose-polyethylene glycol and ethylcellulose-polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend oral microspheres of ibuprofen. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(10)50076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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de Oliveira H, Tavares G, Nogueiras C, Rieumont J. Physico-chemical analysis of metronidazole encapsulation processes in Eudragit copolymers and their blending with amphiphilic block copolymers. Int J Pharm 2009; 380:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tsai WT. Environmental hazards and health risk of common liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes, potent greenhouse gases. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2009; 35:418-424. [PMID: 18845341 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Revised: 08/14/2008] [Accepted: 08/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This article aimed at introducing the main physical properties and commercial/industrial uses of common liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes (including perfluoropentane, perfluorohexane, perfluoroheptane, perfluorooctane, and perfluorononane) and the environment and health hazards posed by their toxic decomposition products (especially in hydrogen fluoride and perfluoroisobutylene) because these perfluorocompounds are potent greenhouse gases, which have been blanketed into the Kyoto Protocol, but was rarely described in the National Inventory Reports by Annex I Parties. The environmental properties (including octanol-water partition coefficient, water solubility and Henry's law constant) of liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes were evaluated, and further discussed were its atmospheric implications according to the predicted properties and possible proposal for the formation of trifluoroacetic acid (CF(3)COOH) in the atmosphere by the ionized photolysis. These predicted values revealed that liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes tend to be hydrophobic and partitioned into organic matter, and they have exceptionally low solubility in water and extremely high vaporization from the water bodies, suggesting that it will sink into the atmosphere if it is released into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Bioresources, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan.
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Li M, Rouaud O, Poncelet D. Microencapsulation by solvent evaporation: state of the art for process engineering approaches. Int J Pharm 2008; 363:26-39. [PMID: 18706988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microencapsulation by solvent evaporation technique is widely used in pharmaceutical industries. It facilitates a controlled release of a drug, which has many clinical benefits. Water insoluble polymers are used as encapsulation matrix using this technique. Biodegradable polymer PLGA (poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) is frequently used as encapsulation material. Different kinds of drugs have been successfully encapsulation: for example hydrophobic drugs such as cisplatin, lidocaine, naltrexone and progesterone; and hydrophilic drugs such as insulin, proteins, peptide and vaccine. The choice of encapsulation materials and the testing of the release of drug have been intensively investigated. However process-engineering aspects of this technique remain poorly reported. To succeed in the controlled manufacturing of microspheres, it is important to investigate the latter. This article reviews the current state of the art concerning this technique by focusing on the influence of the physical properties of materials and operating conditions on the microspheres obtained. Based on the existing results and authors' reflection, it gives rise to reasoning and suggested choices of materials and process conditions. A part of this paper is also dedicated to numerical models on the solvent evaporation and the solidification of microspheres. This review reveals also the surprising lack of knowledge on certain aspects, such as the mechanism of formation of pores in the microspheres and the experimental study on the solidification of microspheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- ENITIAA, GEPEA - UMR CNRS 6144, Rue de la Géraudière, Nantes, France.
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Kobašlija M, Bogdan AR, Poe SL, Escobedo F, Mcquade DT. Creating microenvironments using encapsulated polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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