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Harsiddharay RK, Gupta A, Singh PK, Rai S, Singh Y, Sharma M, Pawar V, Kedar AS, Gayen JR, Chourasia MK. Poly-L-lysine Coated Oral Nanoemulsion for Combined Delivery of Insulin and C-Peptide. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3352-3361. [PMID: 36030844 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An attempt of co-delivery of insulin and C-peptide enclosed in linseed oil globules has been made employing a protective coating of positively charged poly-L-lysine to manage diabetes-associated complications. Oral water in oil in water (w/o/w) nanoemulsion manufactured by double emulsification method showed good entrapment efficiency of 87.6 ± 7.48% for insulin and 73.4 ± 6.44% for C-peptide. The optimized uncoated nanoemulsion showed a mean globule size of 210.6 ± 9.87 nm with a good PDI of 0.145 ± 0.033 and -21.7 ± 4.5 mV ZP. The poly-L-lysine coating of the nanoemulsion resulted in the reversal of surface charge to positive i.e. 18.3 ± 2.7 mV due to the cationic nature of poly-L-lysine. In vitro drug release showed an initial burst of 15-20% release within 4 h followed by controlled release up to 24 h. The poly-L-lysine coated nanoemulsion showed an 8.28-fold higher uptake than fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) solution in HCT116 intestinal cell lines. In vivo studies confirmed that orally administered insulin and C-peptide bearing coated nanoemulsion has the potential to improve glycemic control confirmed by blood glucose level under 200 mg/dL for 12 h compared to that of subcutaneous administration of insulin. The formulation was found stable at 25 °C as well as 4°C for up to 3 months. These findings show a promising approach for delivering oral insulin along with C-peptide for effective glycemic control and management of complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raval Kavit Harsiddharay
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi-110 025, India
| | - Anand Gupta
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad
| | - Suruchi Rai
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Mani Sharma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Vivek Pawar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Ashwini S Kedar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Jiaur Rahman Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
| | - Manish K Chourasia
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
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Microemulsions and Nanoemulsions in Skin Drug Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9040158. [PMID: 35447718 PMCID: PMC9028917 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions and nanoemulsions are lipid-based pharmaceutical systems with a high potential to increase the permeation of drugs through the skin. Although being isotropic dispersions of two nonmiscible liquids (oil and water), significant differences are encountered between microemulsions and nanoemulsions. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable o/w emulsions of mean droplet size approximately 100–400 nm, whereas nanoemulsions are thermodynamically unstable o/w emulsions of mean droplet size approximately 1 to 100 nm. Their inner oil phase allows the solubilization of lipophilic drugs, achieving high encapsulation rates, which are instrumental for drug delivery. In this review, the importance of these systems, the key differences regarding their composition and production processes are discussed. While most of the micro/nanoemulsions on the market are held by the cosmetic industry to enhance the activity of drugs used in skincare products, the development of novel pharmaceutical formulations designed for the topical, dermal and transdermal administration of therapeutic drugs is being considered. The delivery of poorly water-soluble molecules through the skin has shown some advantages over the oral route, since drugs escape from first-pass metabolism; particularly for the treatment of cutaneous diseases, topical delivery should be the preferential route in order to reduce the number of drugs used and potential side-effects, while directing the drugs to the site of action. Thus, nanoemulsions and microemulsions represent versatile options for the delivery of drugs through lipophilic barriers, and many synthetic and natural compounds have been formulated using these delivery systems, aiming to improve stability, delivery and bioactivity. Detailed information is provided concerning the most relevant recent scientific publications reporting the potential of these delivery systems to increase the skin permeability of drugs with anti-inflammatory, sun-protection, anticarcinogenic and/or wound-healing activities. The main marketed skincare products using emulsion-based systems are also presented and discussed.
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Shah D, Guo Y, Ban I, Shao J. Intranasal delivery of insulin by self-emulsified nanoemulsion system: In vitro and in vivo studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121565. [PMID: 35150847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to develop a self-emulsified nanoemulsion (SEN) dosage form of insulin where insulin is loaded into the lipid phase of the nanoemulsion for enhanced absorption through intranasal delivery. When loaded into the lipid droplets (oil phase), insulin can be protected from enzymatic degradation, can penetrate through the mucus gel barrier in a comparatively effective manner and can be absorbed through transcellular permeation along with paracellular route. To incorporate lipophilicity to insulin molecule, Ins-SPC (Soy-L-α-phosphatidylcholine) complex was prepared by solid dispersion method to load insulin into the oil phase. The cytotoxicity of SPC and the developed nanoemulsions was tested on the human nasal epithelial cells in vitro. An optimized formulation with high loading of insulin and low in vitro cytotoxicity was developed and characterized. To predict the absorption of insulin through nasal mucosa in vivo by the nanoemulsion system, the insulin-loaded SEN along with controls was tested for the transport through human nasal epithelial cell monolayer in vitro. The insulin-loaded SEN significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the permeation of insulin by three times as compared to the insulin solution. The in vivo absorption of insulin after intranasal delivery of the insulin-loaded SEN was evaluated in anesthetized rats. The results show that the Cmax (maximum plasma concentration) and the bioavailability (relative to the subcutaneous delivery) of the insulin-loaded SEN was 255.9 µU/ml and 68 %, respectively, while the intranasal delivery of the insulin solution resulted in only 5.8 µU/ml of Cmax and 5% of relative bioavailability. Intranasal delivery of 3.6 IU/kg insulin-loaded SEN decreased the plasma glucose level remarkably, achieving a maximum reduction of 70%, and the glucose reduction activity lasted for the whole experimental period of 4 h. Histological examination of the nasal mucosa showed no apparent signs of toxicity at the site of administration after single dose of the insulin-loaded SEN. These results demonstrate that the insulin-loaded SEN significantly enhanced insulin absorption through intranasal delivery, indicating that the developed nanoemulsion system offers a favorable approach for intranasal delivery of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Shah
- Avion Pharmaceuticals, 1880 McFarland Parkway, Suite 105, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Igor Ban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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Qiu XL, Fan ZR, Liu YY, Wang DF, Wang SX, Li CX. Preparation and Evaluation of a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System Loaded with Heparin Phospholipid Complex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084077. [PMID: 33920853 PMCID: PMC8071307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) was developed to enhance the absorption of heparin after oral administration, in which heparin was compounded with phospholipids to achieve better fat solubility in the form of heparin-phospholipid (HEP-Pc) complex. HEP-Pc complex was prepared using the solvent evaporation method, which increased the solubility of heparin in n-octanol. The successful preparation of HEP-Pc complex was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, NMR, and SEM. A heparin lipid microemulsion (HEP-LM) was prepared by high-pressure homogenization and characterized. HEP-LM can enhance the absorption of heparin after oral administration, significantly prolong activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) in mice, and reduce fibrinogen (FIB) content. All these outcomes indicate that HEP-LM has great potential as an oral heparin formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
| | - Zi-Rui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
| | - Yang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
| | - Ding-Fu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
| | - Shi-Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Chun-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.-L.Q.); (Z.-R.F.); (Y.-Y.L.); (D.-F.W.); (S.-X.W.)
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8203-1631; Fax: +86-532-8203-3054
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Khattab A, Ahmed-Farid O, Nasr S. Enhanced brain biodistribution of Ginsenoside Rg1 based self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system to ameliorate metabolic syndromes and keep homeostatic balance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Akhtar N, Mohammed SA, Khan RA, Yusuf M, Singh V, Mohammed HA, Al-Omar MS, Abdellatif AA, Naz M, Khadri H. Self-Generating nano-emulsification techniques for alternatively-routed, bioavailability enhanced delivery, especially for anti-cancers, anti-diabetics, and miscellaneous drugs of natural, and synthetic origins. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Jirwankar P, Gobbooru S, Shao J. Self-Emulsified Nanoemulsion for Vaginal Administration: In Vitro Study of Effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3145-3152. [PMID: 32663596 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-emulsified nanoemulsions (SENs), one of the promising lipid-based drug delivery systems may be used to deliver drugs through vaginal route. Vaginal cavity remains healthy because of the defensive action by its microflora against the pathogenic infections, and any disturbance to this microflora by the delivery systems gives invitation to the infections. In the present study, the growth inhibition and cytotoxic effects of two SENs and their components on L. acidophilus were evaluated. The two SENs showed inhibitory effects on the growth of L. acidophilus in a concentration-dependent manner when tested at the concentration range of 0.1-5.0%. The SEN composed of medium chain mono/di-glyceride had greater inhibitory effect than the one composed of long chain monoglyceride. The study on the effect by the individual lipids with the surfactant Kolliphor® RH40 further confirmed that the growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects were in the order of Capmul® MCM > Maisine® CC > Miglyol® 810 > Kolliphor® RH40. Both OD600 and CFU counting were used to measure the viability of the culture. The results from the two methods were in good correlation except when there was no growth, suggesting OD600 can be used when there is no complete growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jirwankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, USA
| | - Shruthi Gobbooru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, USA
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439, USA.
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Sabjan KB, Munawar SM, Rajendiran D, Vinoji SK, Kasinathan K. Nanoemulsion as Oral Drug Delivery - A Review. Curr Drug Res Rev 2020; 12:4-15. [PMID: 31774040 DOI: 10.2174/2589977511666191024173508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Objective: The stability and delivery of drugs remain one of the key hurdles in the present situation. The present study depends on the design of a novel nanoemulsion drugdelivery system that would encapsulate a drug and to improve drug stability. The charisma of nanotechnology is majorly due to the smallest particle size at the nanoscale. METHODS Nanoemulsions attention is focused on emphasizing formulation aspect, method of preparation characterization techniques, evaluation parameters and various application of the nanoemulsions, several techniques to be used for the preparation of nanoemulsions like microfluidization, high-pressure homogenization, low energy emulsification and solvent evaporation method and their parameters to be characterized. RESULTS The design of effective formulations for drugs is being applied to enhance the solubility and bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. The nanosized droplets have led to considerable attraction for this formulation, for the delivery of hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic drugs as drug carriers because of their improved drug solubilization capacity, long shelf life, ease of preparation and improvement of bioavailability of drugs. CONCLUSION The application of these nanoformulation preparations, limitations, their advantages and disadvantages as nanoemulsions will solve the various problems that current therapeutic agents face and has opened a new scenario to formulate nanoemulsions with various therapeutic agents with heightened competence along with oral drug delivery to treat diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleel Basha Sabjan
- Department of Chemistry, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam - 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Syed Muzammil Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam - 632509, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sugantha Kumari Vinoji
- Department of Chemistry, Auxilium College (Autonomous), Vellore - 632006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kaviyarasu Kasinathan
- UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience's/Nanotechnology Laboratories, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Muckleneuk Ridge, P.O. Box 392, Pretoria, South Africa.,Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), Materials Research Department (MRD), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation (NRF), 1 Old Faure Road, 7129, P.O. Box 722, Somerset West, Western Cape Province, South Africa
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Asfour MH, Kassem AA, Salama A, Abd El-Alim SH. Hydrophobic ion pair loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS): A novel oral drug delivery approach of cromolyn sodium for management of bronchial asthma. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119494. [PMID: 32505578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for the hydrophobic ion pair (HIP) complex of cromolyn sodium (CS), in order to enhance its intestinal absorption and biological activity. Two ion pairing agents (IPAs) were investigated: hexadecyl pyridininum chloride (HPC) and myristyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (MTAB). The optimum binding efficiency for complexation between investigated IPAs and CS was observed at a molar ratio of 1.5:1, where CS binding efficiency was found to be 76.10 ± 2.12 and 91.37 ± 1.73% for MTAB and HPC, respectively. The two prepared complexes exhibited a significant increase in partition coefficient indicating increased lipophilicity. The optimized CS-HIP complex was incorporated into SEDDS formulations. SEDDS formulations F2 (40% oleic acid, 40% BrijTM98, 20% propylene glycol) and F3 (25% oleic acid, 50% BrijTM98, 25% propylene glycol) exhibited nanometric droplet diameters with monodisperse distribution and nearly neutral zeta potential values. Ex vivo intestinal permeation study, using the non-everted gut sac technique, revealed a significantly higher cumulative amount of permeated drug, after 2 h, for F2 and F3 (53.836 and 77.617 µg/cm2, respectively) compared to 8.649 µg/cm2 for plain CS solution. The in vivo evaluation of plain CS solution compared to F2 and F3 was conducted in an ovalbumin sensitization-induced bronchial asthma rat model. Lung function parameters (tidal volume and peak expiratory flow), biochemical parameters (interleukin-5, immunoglobulin-E, myeloperoxidase and airway remodelling parameters) were assessed in addition to histopathological examination. The results indicated the superiority of F3 followed by F2 compared to plain CS solution for prophylaxis of bronchial asthma in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hasanein Asfour
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Alaa Kassem
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Abeer Salama
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Sameh Hosam Abd El-Alim
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Jirwankar P, Shah D, Shao J. Protection of Protein Drugs by Self-Emulsified Nanoemulsion Against Proteolysis. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2615-2621. [PMID: 32439329 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a self-emulsified nanoemulsion for salmon calcitonin (sCT) for non-invasive delivery. Hydrophobic ion pairing method was used to form hydrophobic complex of sCT with 4 counter ions (oleate, deoxycholate, docusate and tripolyphosphate). The partition coefficient and dissociation of the complexes in water of various pH were investigated. The complex-loaded nanoemulsions were characterized for droplet size, leakage of sCT from the droplets, and protection of sCT from enzymatic degradation. The results show that all the counter ions could form complexes with sCT with a complexation efficiency about 95% at pH 8.0. The complexes significantly increased the partition coefficient of sCT. The dissociation of the complexes in water was pH-dependent. At pH 6.8 and 7.4, the dissociation was negligible. At pH 1.0, the dissociation was 71%, 8%, 37% and 50% for sCT-polyphosphate, sCT-docusate, sCT-oleate and sCT-deoxycholate, respectively. The developed nanoemulsions had a size in the range of 27-62 nm. The leakage of sCT from the nanodroplets into the aqueous phase depended on the lipophilicity of the counter ions: 60%, 56%, and 24% leakage for sCT-docusate, sCT-oleate and sCT-deoxycholate, respectively. The nanoemulsion protected sCT from enzyme degradation when loaded inside the droplets, but not the leaked sCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Jirwankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Darshana Shah
- Avion Pharmaceuticals, 1880 McFarland Parkway, Suite 110-B, Alpharetta, Georgia 30005
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, New York 11439.
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11
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Aggarwal N, Qamar Z, Rehman S, Baboota S, Ali J. Orally Administered Nanotherapeutics For Parkinson's Disease: An Old Delivery System Yet More Acceptable. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2280-2290. [PMID: 32250217 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200406072451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As per the present global scenario, Parkinson's disease (PD) is considered to be the second most common neurodegenerative disorder which is a keen area of interest among researchers. The conventional therapies generally employed against PD are associated with serious drawbacks including limited transport across selectively permeable BBB, hepatic metabolism, intestinal barrier, etc. This urges the need to develop novel therapeutic alternatives. The oral route being the most preferred route of administration needs to be explored for new and more intelligent drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has been proposed to play a promising role in reversing the progression of the disease via the oral route. Nanocarriers, namely nanoparticles, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nanocrystals, nanomicellar formulations, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems and alginate nanocomposites have been investigated upon to modulate the fate of drugs inside the human body when administered orally. The development of various nanotherapeutics for the treatment of PD has been reviewed, depicting an enhanced bioavailability to provide a desired therapeutic outcome. The new advances in the therapy have been explored and highlighted through the body of this review. However, a therapeutically effective concentration at the target site remains a challenge, therefore extensive exploration in the field of nanotherapeutics may facilitate superior drug delivery to CNS via oral route thereby improving the state of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Zufika Qamar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Saleha Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India
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Shah D, Guo Y, Ocando J, Shao J. FITC labeling of human insulin and transport of FITC-insulin conjugates through MDCK cell monolayer. J Pharm Anal 2019; 9:400-405. [PMID: 31890339 PMCID: PMC6931083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin (FITC-insulin) has been widely used for bioanalytical applications. Due to the high cost of commercial FITC-insulin and tedious labeling procedures described in the literature, there is still a need to develop a cost effective, reliable and quick labeling method for insulin. The purpose of the present work was to develop a quick and affordable method for FITC labeling of human insulin and to determine the effect of different conjugations of FITC to human insulin on its permeability through the MDCK cell monolayer. FITC labeling of insulin gives mono-, di- or tri-conjugates depending on the reaction time and the molar ratio of FITC:insulin. Mono-conjugate with unlabeled insulin, mixture of di- and tri-conjugate, and tri-conjugate with very little amount of di-conjugate were synthesized in less than 4 h. Degree of conjugation had an effect on the permeability of insulin through the MDCK cell monolayer. Mono-conjugate had higher permeability than the unlabeled insulin due to increase in partition coefficient. However, tri-conjugate showed lower permeability than the unlabeled insulin due to the increase in molecular weight. Quick and simple labeling method for FITC labeling of insulin. First report on the effect of different conjugation on the permeability of FITC-insulin across a biological membrane. FITC conjugation changes the partition coefficient of insulin. FITC conjugation affects the permeability of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Shah
- Avion Pharmaceuticals, 1880 McFarland Parkway, Suite 110-B, Alpharetta, GA, 30005, USA
| | - Yuxing Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Joseph Ocando
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
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Ye J, Wu H, Huang C, Lin W, Zhang C, Huang B, Lu B, Xu H, Li X, Long X. Comparisons of in vitro Fick's first law, lipolysis, and in vivo rat models for oral absorption on BCS II drugs in SNEDDS. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5623-5636. [PMID: 31440045 PMCID: PMC6664859 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s203911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to compare the in vitro Fick’s first law, in vitro lipolysis, and in vivo rat assays for oral absorption of Biopharmaceutical Classification Systems Class II (BCS II) drugs in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS), and studied drugs and oils properties effects on the absorption. Methods The transport abilities of griseofulvin (GRI), phenytoin (PHE), indomethacin (IND), and ketoprofen (KET) in saturated water solutions and SNEDDS were investigated using the in vitro Madin-Darby canine kidney cell model. GRI and cinnarizine (CIN) in medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)-SNEDDS and long-chain triglycerides (LCT)-SNEDDS were administered in the in vivo SD rat and in vitro lipolysis models to compare the oral absorption and the distribution behaviors in GIT and build an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). Results In the cell model, the solubility of GRI, PHE, IND, and KET increased 6–8 fold by SNEDDS, but their permeability were only 18%, 4%, 8%, and 33% of those of their saturated water solutions, respectively. However, in vivo absorption of GRI-SNEDDS was twice that of the GRI suspension and those of CIN-SNEDDS were 15–21 fold those of the CIN suspension. In the lipolysis model, the GRI% in aqueous and pellet phases of MCT were similar to that in LCT. In contrast, the CIN% in the aqueous and pellet phases were decreased but that of the lipid phase increased. In addition, an IVIVC was found between the CIN% in the lipid phase and in vivo relative oral bioavailability (Fr). Conclusion The in vitro cell model was still a suitable tool to study drug properties effects on biofilm transport and SNEDDS absorption mechanisms. The in vitro lipolysis model provided superior oral absorption simulation of SNEDDS and helped to build correlation with in vivo rats. The oral drug absorption was affected by drug and oil properties in SNEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiyi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanli Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Lin
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Banyi Lu
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Medicinal Chemistry, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
| | - Xiaoying Long
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oral Delivery, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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Bunchongprasert K, Shao J. Cytotoxicity and permeability enhancement of Capmul®MCM in nanoemulsion formulation. Int J Pharm 2019; 561:289-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abdulkarim M, Sharma PK, Gumbleton M. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system: Mucus permeation and innovative quantification technologies. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 142:62-74. [PMID: 30974131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucus is a dynamic barrier which covers and protects the underlying mucosal epithelial membrane against bacteria and foreign particles. This protection mechanism extends to include therapeutic macromolecules and nanoparticles (NPs) through trapping of these particles. Mucus is not only a physical barrier that limiting particles movements based on their sizes but it selectively binds with particles through both hydrophilic and lipophilic interactions. Therefore, nano-carriers for mucosal delivery should be designed to eliminate entrapment by the mucus barrier. For this reason, different strategies have been approached for both solid nano-carriers and liquid core nano-carriers to synthesise muco-diffusive nano-carrier. Among these nano-strategies, Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SEDDS) was recognised as very promising nano-carrier for mucus delivery. The system was introduced to enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of orally administered insoluble drugs. SEDDS has shown high stability against intestinal enzymatic activity and more importantly, relatively rapid permeation characteristics across mucus barrier. The high diffusivity of SEDDS has been tested using various in vitro measurement techniques including both bulk and individual measurement of droplets diffusion within mucus. The selection and processing of an optimum in vitro technique is of great importance to avoid misinterpretation of the diffusivity of SEDDS through mucus barrier. In conclusion, SEDDS is a system with high capacity to diffuse through intestinal mucus even though this system has not been studied to the same extent as solid nano-carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthanna Abdulkarim
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peeyush Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Mark Gumbleton
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
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Zahir-Jouzdani F, Lupo N, Hermann M, Prüfert F, Atyabi F, Bernkop Schnürch A. Glyceryl ester surfactants: Promising excipients to enhance the cell permeating properties of SEDDS. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:154-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Dumont C, Bourgeois S, Fessi H, Jannin V. Lipid-based nanosuspensions for oral delivery of peptides, a critical review. Int J Pharm 2018; 541:117-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Alshahrani SM, Alshetaili AS, Alalaiwe A, Alsulays BB, Anwer MK, Al-Shdefat R, Imam F, Shakeel F. Anticancer Efficacy of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Sunitinib Malate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018. [PMID: 28620763 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0826-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunitinib malate (SM) is reported as a weakly soluble drug in water due to its poor dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Hence, in the current study, various "self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS)" of SM were prepared, characterized and evaluated for the enhancement of its in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy. On the basis of solubilization potential of SM in various excipients, "Lauroglycol-90 (oil), Triton-X100 (surfactant) and Transcutol-P (cosurfactant)" were selected for the preparation of SM SNEDDS. SM-loaded SNEDDS were developed by spontaneous emulsification method, characterized and evaluated for "thermodynamic stability, self-nanoemulsification efficiency, droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), surface morphology, refractive index (RI), the percent of transmittance (% T) and drug release profile." In vitro dissolution rate of SM was significantly enhanced from an optimized SNEDDS in comparison with SM suspension. The optimized SNEDDS of SM with droplet size of 42.3 nm, PDI value of 0.174, ZP value of -36.4 mV, RI value of 1.339, % T value of 97.3%, and drug release profile of 95.4% (after 24 h via dialysis membrane) was selected for in vitro anticancer efficacy in human colon cancer cells (HT-29) by MTT assay. MTT assay indicated significant anticancer efficacy of optimized SM SNEDDS against HT-29 cells in comparison with free SM. The results of this study showed the great potential of SNEDDS in the enhancement of in vitro dissolution rate and anticancer efficacy of poorly soluble drug such as SM.
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Khatri P, Shao J. Impact of digestion on the transport of dextran-loaded self-emulsified nanoemulsion through MDCK epithelial cell monolayer and rat intestines. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:353-359. [PMID: 29217473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many of the lipids and surfactants used to prepare the self-emulsified nanoemulsion (SEN) are subjected to the gastro-intestinal enzymatic digestion, which may affect the absorption of the loaded drug. The present study was to investigate the impact of such digestion on the transport of hydrophilic macromolecules (10-kDa dextran as the model compound) loaded in SEN through the MDCK cell monolayer and ex-vivo rat intestines. FITC-labeled dextran (FD) was loaded inside the inner oil phase of SEN by the formation of FD-phospholipid solid dispersion (FDPS). After digestion, the droplet size increased from 31.06 ± 2.10 nm to 494.6 ± 22.1 nm, and the FD content in the external aqueous phase increased from 41.6 ± 4.2% to 61.1 ± 4.4%. Compared to the FD solution, SEN without digestion enhanced the transport of FD through MDCK cell monolayer 4.1 times and through rat intestines 3.0-7.4 times. However, the digestion reduced the transport of FD 3.5 times through MDCK cell monolayer and 1.3-2.0 times through rat intestines, compared to that without digestion. This reduction was due to the destruction of lipid nano-droplets and release of FD to the external aqueous phase of SEN. This finding should be considered when SEN is used as a delivery system for hydrophilic macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulkit Khatri
- AmbioPharm, Inc., 1024 Dittman Court, North Augusta, SC, 29842, USA
| | - Jun Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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El-Leithy ES, Makky AM, Khattab AM, Hussein DG. Optimization of nutraceutical coenzyme Q10 nanoemulsion with improved skin permeability and anti-wrinkle efficiency. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 44:316-328. [PMID: 29096550 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1391836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an insoluble, poorly permeable antioxidant with great biological value which acts as anti-aging and anti-wrinkle agent. To improve its permeability through topical application, the current study aimed at formulating oil/water (o/w) nanoemulsion (NE) as an efficient vehicle for delivering (CoQ10) through the skin barriers. The solubility of (CoQ10) was tested for various oils, surfactants (S), and co-surfactants (CoS). The NE region was determined by constructing pseudoternary phase diagrams. NE formulae containing 1, 2, and 3% w/w drug have been subjected to thermodynamic stability test. The formulae that passed thermodynamic stability tests were characterized by physical properties as pH, viscosity, refractive index, droplet size, zeta-potential, TEM, electroconductivity, in vitro release, and ex vivo permeation. The formula 'F2' containing 10% w/w isopropyl myristate (oil phase), 60% w/w of Tween 80: Transcutol HP mixture (S/CoSmix) at ratio 2:1, 30% w/w water and 2% w/w drug was evaluated for its anti-wrinkle efficiency using an animal model. The 'F2' formula showed 11.76 ± 1.1 nm droplet size, 1.4260 ± 0.0016 refractive index, 0.228 PDI, -14.7 ± 1.23 mv zeta potential, 7.06 ± 0.051 pH, 199.05 ± 0.35 cp viscosity, and the highest percentage of drug release in the selected dissolution media. About 47.21% of the drug was released in phosphate buffer 7.4 containing 5% w/v Labrasol and 5% w/v isopropyl alcohol through 24 h. It also showed the highest drug flux (Jss = 3.164 µg/cm2/h), enhancement ratio (Er = 8.32), and permeability coefficient (Kp = 22.14 × 10-4 cm2/h). CoQ10 NE reduced the skin wrinkles and gave the skin smooth appearance. Our investigation suggests the potential use of NE as a vehicle for enhancing solubility and permeability of CoQ10 and thus improving its anti-wrinkle efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S El-Leithy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) , Cairo , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Amna M Makky
- c Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy , Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Abeer M Khattab
- d National Organization for Drug Control and Research , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Doaa G Hussein
- d National Organization for Drug Control and Research , Cairo , Egypt
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22
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Khattab A, Hassanin L, Zaki N. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Coenzyme (Q10) with Improved Dissolution, Bioavailability, and Protective Efficiency on Liver Fibrosis. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1657-1672. [PMID: 27677262 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our investigation is to develop and characterize self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) of CoQ10 to improve its water solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability, and then evaluate its biochemical and physiological effect on liver cirrhosis in rats compared with CoQ10 powder. SNEDDS are isotropic and thermodynamically stable mixture of oil, surfactant, co-surfactant, and drug that form an oil/water nanoemulsion when added to aqueous phases with soft agitation. Upon administration, self-nanoemulsifying system becomes in contact with gastrointestinal fluid and forms o/w nanoemulsion by the aid of gastrointestinal motility. When the nanoemulsion is formed in the gastrointestinal tract, it presents the drug in a solubilized form inside small nano-sized droplets that provide a large surface area for enhancing the drug release and absorption. Solubility of CoQ10 in various oils, surfactants, and co-surfactants were studied to identify the components of SNEDDS; pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were plotted to identify the efficient self-emulsifying regions. CoQ10-loaded SNEDDS were prepared using isopropyl myristate as oil; Cremophor El, Labrasol, or Tween80 as surfactant; and Transcutol as co-surfactant. The amount of CoQ10 in each vehicle was 3%. The formulations that passed thermostability evaluation test were assessed for particle size analysis, morphological characterization, refractive index, zeta potential, viscosity, electroconductivity, drug release profile, as well as ex vivo permeability. Pharmacokinetics and hepatoprotective efficiency of the optimized SNEDDS of CoQ10 compared with CoQ10 suspension were performed. Results showed that all optimized formulae have the ability to form a good and stable nanoemulsion when diluted with water; the mean droplet size of all formulae was in the nanometric range (11.7-13.5 nm) with optimum polydispersity index values (0.2-0.21). All formulae showed negative zeta potential (-11.3 to -17.2), and maximum drug loading efficiency. One hundred percent of CoQ10 was released from most formulae within 30 min. One hundred percent of CoQ10 was permeated from all formulae through 10 h. The pharmacokinetic study in rabbits revealed a significant increase in bioavailability of CoQ10 SNEDDS to 2.1-fold compared with CoQ10 suspension after oral administration. Comparative effect of the optimized formulae on acute liver injury compared with CoQ10 powder was also studied; it was found that all the liver biochemical markers as alanine transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), and albumin were significantly improved at p < 0.05. Also, histochemical and histopthological studies confirm the biochemical results. Our results suggest the potential use of SNEDDS to increase the solubility of liphophilic drug as poorly water-soluble CoQ10 and improve its oral absorption, so it can be more efficient to improve liver damage compared to CoQ10 powder. These results demonstrated that CoQ10 SNEDDS inhibited thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis mainly through suppression of collagen production.
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Zupančič O, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Lipophilic peptide character – What oral barriers fear the most. J Control Release 2017; 255:242-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khatri P, Shao J. Transport of lipid nano-droplets through MDCK epithelial cell monolayer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:237-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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25
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Separation of external aqueous phase from o/w nanoemulsions. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 96:171-175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karamanidou T, Bourganis V, Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Lipid-based nanocarriers for the oral administration of biopharmaceutics. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:3009-3032. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutics have been recognized as the drugs of choice for the treatment of several diseases, mainly due to their high selectivity and potent action. Nonetheless, their oral administration is a rather challenging problem, since their bioavailability is significantly hindered by various physiological barriers along the GI tract, including their acid-induced hydrolysis in the stomach, their enzymatic degradation throughout the GI tract and their poor mucosa permeability. Lipid-based nanocarriers represent a viable means for enhancing the oral bioavailability of biomolecules while diminishing toxicity-related issues. The present review describes the main physiological barriers limiting the oral bioavailability of macromolecules and highlights recent advances in the field of lipid-based carriers as well as the respective lipid intestinal absorption mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Karamanidou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Bourganis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Costas Kiparissides
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, PO Box 472, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, PO Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Li P, Nielsen HM, Müllertz A. Impact of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems on the Transport and Uptake of Insulin Across Caco-2 Cell Monolayers. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:2743-2751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rehman FU, Shah KU, Shah SU, Khan IU, Khan GM, Khan A. From nanoemulsions to self-nanoemulsions, with recent advances in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS). Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1325-1340. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Gul Majid Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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Omari-Siaw E, Zhu Y, Wang H, Peng W, Firempong CK, Wang YW, Cao X, Deng W, Yu J, Xu X. Hypolipidemic potential of perillaldehyde-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery system in high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemic mice: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 85:112-22. [PMID: 26851382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the hypolipidemic effects of perillaldehyde-loaded self-nanoemulsifying delivery system (PAH-SNEDS) developed with D-optimal experimental design based on a three component system: 40% w/w drug-oil phase, X1 (a mixture of perillaldehyde-isopropyl myristate/medium chain triglyceride, 1:1, w/w); 48% surfactant, X2 (Kolliphor EL); and 12% co-surfactant, X3 (PEG 200). The design space was navigated using a linear model to produce spherical and homogenous droplets which were observed under TEM, with mean size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of 32.8 ± 0.1 nm, 0.270 ± 0.029 and -10.14 ± 0.66 mV, respectively. PAH-SNEDS demonstrated significant increase in dissolution in vitro compared to the free PAH, and further yielded an oral relative bioavailability of about 206.18% in vivo which suggested a promising formulation design for potential liquid bioactive compounds. Oral administration of PAH-SNEDS (240 mg/kg per body weight) in high-fat induced hyperlipidemia in mice, also significantly decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level. The improved bioavailability and functional application of PAH via SNEDDS suggested a suitable approach to promote hypolipidemic effect of the drug. Perillaldehyde, therefore, promises to be a useful bioactive compound to prevent high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Omari-Siaw
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumasi Polytechnic, P.O. Box 854, Kumasi-Ghana
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Houyong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Caleb Kesse Firempong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ximing Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Center for Nano Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China.
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Leonaviciute G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems in oral (poly)peptide drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1703-16. [PMID: 26477549 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1068287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral administration of most therapeutic peptides and proteins is mainly restricted due to the enzymatic and absorption membrane barrier of the GI tract. In order to overcome these barriers, various technologies have been explored. Among them, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) received considerable attention as potential carriers to facilitate oral peptide and protein delivery in recent years. AREAS COVERED This review article intends to summarize physiological barriers which limit the bioavailability of orally administrated peptide and protein drugs. Furthermore, the potential of SEDDS to protect incorporated peptides and proteins towards peptidases and proteases and to penetrate the mucus layer is reviewed. Their permeation-enhancing properties and their ability to release the drug in a controlled way are described. Moreover, this review covers the results of in vivo studies providing evidence for this promising approach. EXPERT OPINION As SEDDS can: i) provide a protective effect towards a presystemic metabolism; ii) efficiently permeate the intestinal mucus gel layer in order to reach the absorption membrane; and iii) be produced in a very simple and cost-effective manner, they are a promising tool for oral peptide and protein drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gintare Leonaviciute
- a Leopold - Franzens University Innsbruck, Institut of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria +43 512 507 58601 ; +43 512 507 58699 ;
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- a Leopold - Franzens University Innsbruck, Institut of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology , Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, Austria +43 512 507 58601 ; +43 512 507 58699 ;
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Kamboj S, Sharma R, Singh K, Rana V. Aprepitant loaded solid preconcentrated microemulsion for enhanced bioavailability: A comparison with micronized Aprepitant. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 78:90-102. [PMID: 26165621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aprepitant (APT) is a lipophilic, poorly water soluble drug with moderate permeability characteristic. Therefore, we aimed to improve solubility as well as permeability that could possibly improve oral bioavailability of APT. For this purpose, Quality by design (QbD) approach employing simplex lattice mixture design was used to prepare solid preconcentrated microemulsion (S-PCM). Further, the software generated numerically optimized S-PCM formulations were developed by utilizing desirability function. The spectral attributes (powder X-ray diffraction, ATR-FTIR, and differential scanning calorimetry) of S-PCM formulations suggested that APT was present in amorphous form. The results of droplet size (150-180 nm), zeta potential (-13 to -15 mV), poly dispersity index (PDI) (0.211-0.238) and emulsification time (<1 min), of these S-PCM formulations (SP1, SP2 and SP3) suggested spherical shape morphology (Transmission electron microscopy) with thermodynamic stability. The comparison of in vitro/ex vivo behavior of S-PCM (SP1) with micronized and non-micronized formulations of APT suggested 2-fold and 5-fold enhancement in solubility and permeability, respectively. This was further evident from pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits that showed 1.5-fold enhancement in bioavailability of S-PCM with respect to micronized APT. Thus, it could be envisaged that development of S-PCM formulation of APT is the best alternative to micronization technology based APT formulations reported earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kamboj
- Pharmaceutics Division, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Pharmaceutics Division, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Vikas Rana
- Pharmaceutics Division, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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Chen CH, Chang CC, Shih TH, Aljuffali IA, Yeh TS, Fang JY. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems ameliorate the oral delivery of silymarin in rats with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2403-16. [PMID: 25848259 PMCID: PMC4381630 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a popular surgery to reduce the body weight of obese patients. Although food intake is restricted by RYGB, drug absorption is also decreased. The purpose of this study was to develop novel self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) for enhancing the oral delivery of silymarin, which has poor water solubility. The SNEDDS were characterized by size, zeta potential, droplet number, and morphology. A technique of RYGB was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. SNEDDS were administered at a silymarin dose of 600 mg/kg in normal and RYGB rats for comparison with silymarin aqueous suspension and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 solution. Plasma silibinin, the main active ingredient in silymarin, was chosen for estimating the pharmacokinetic parameters. SNEDDS diluted in simulated gastric fluid exhibited a droplet size of 190 nm with a spherical shape. The nanocarriers promoted silibinin availability via oral ingestion in RYGB rats by 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold compared to the suspension and PEG 400 solution, respectively. A significant double-peak concentration of silibinin was detected for RYGB rats receiving SNEDDS. Fluorescence imaging showed a deeper and broader penetration of Nile red, the fluorescence dye, into the gastrointestinal mucosa from SNEDDS than from PEG 400 solution. Histological examination showed that SNEDDS caused more minor inflammation at the gastrointestinal membrane as compared with that caused by PEG 400 solution, indicating a shielding of direct silymarin contact with the mucosa by the nanodroplets. SNEDDS generally showed low-level or negligible irritation in the gastrointestinal tract. Silymarin-loaded SNEDDS were successfully developed to improve the dissolution, permeability, and oral bioavailability of silymarin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting the usefulness of SNEDDS for improving drug malabsorption elicited by gastric bypass surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Han Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan ; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Shih
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ibrahim A Aljuffali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-You Fang
- Pharmaceutics Laboratory, Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan ; Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Development and evaluation of nanoemulsifying preconcentrate of curcumin for colon delivery. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:541510. [PMID: 25861680 PMCID: PMC4377495 DOI: 10.1155/2015/541510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop and optimize a nanoemulsifying preconcentrate formulation of curcumin with good emulsification ability and optimal globule size, for controlled targeting in colon. Content of formulation variables, namely, X1 (Peceol), X2 (Cremophor-EL), and X3 (Transcutol HP), were optimized by Box-Behnken design of experiments for its impact on mean globule size (Y1), emulsification time (Y2), and time required for drug release (85%) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2), t85% (Y3). Transmission electron micrographs confirmed that there is no coalescence among globules, with size range concordant with the globule size analysis by dynamic light scattering technique (100 nm). 3D plots indicated that concentration of formulation ingredients significantly influences the formulation properties (globule size, emulsification time, and drug release). In vitro release profile (in phosphate buffer; pH 7.2) represents the fact that more than 50% of the drug was released within initial 15 min whereas in vivo release showed limited systemic absorption (Cmax 200 ng/mL) of curcumin. Stability study ensures the protection of drug in alkaline media which may further confirm the localised delivery of drug to colonic region. Study demonstrated that the nanoemulsifying preconcentrate can be a promising system for the colon specific delivery of curcumin to treat local pathologies.
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Hintzen F, Perera G, Hauptstein S, Müller C, Laffleur F, Bernkop-Schnürch A. In vivo evaluation of an oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) for leuprorelin. Int J Pharm 2014; 472:20-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bruno BJ, Miller GD, Lim CS. Basics and recent advances in peptide and protein drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2013; 4:1443-67. [PMID: 24228993 PMCID: PMC3956587 DOI: 10.4155/tde.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 451] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the peptide and protein therapeutic market has developed significantly in the past decades, delivery has limited their use. Although oral delivery is preferred, most are currently delivered intravenously or subcutaneously due to degradation and limited absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibitors, carrier systems and stability enhancers are being studied to facilitate oral peptide delivery. Additionally, transdermal peptide delivery avoids the issues of the gastrointestinal tract, but also faces absorption limitations. Due to proteases, opsonization and agglutination, free peptides are not systemically stable without modifications. This review discusses oral and transdermal peptide drug delivery, focusing on barriers and solutions to absorption and stability issues. Methods to increase systemic stability and site-specific delivery are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Bruno
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
| | - Carol S Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of
Pharmacy, University of Utah. 30 South 2000 East, Room 301, Salt Lake City, UT
84112, USA
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Bernkop-Schnürch A. Reprint of: Nanocarrier systems for oral drug delivery: Do we really need them? Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:2-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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Bernkop-Schnürch A. Nanocarrier systems for oral drug delivery: Do we really need them? Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:272-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sermkaew N, Wiwattanawongsa K, Ketjinda W, Wiwattanapatapee R. Development, characterization and permeability assessment based on caco-2 monolayers of self-microemulsifying floating tablets of tetrahydrocurcumin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2013; 14:321-31. [PMID: 23319299 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel self-microemulsifying floating tablets were developed to enhance the dissolution and oral absorption of the poorly water-soluble tetrahydrocurcumin (THC). Their physicochemical properties and THC permeability across Caco-2 cell monolayers were assessed. The self-microemulsifying liquid containing THC was adsorbed onto colloidal silicon dioxide, mixed with HPMC, gas-generating agents (sodium bicarbonate and tartaric acid), lactose and silicified-microcrystalline cellulose and transformed into tablets by direct compression. The use of different types/concentrations of HPMC and sodium bicarbonate in tablet formulations had different effects on the floating characteristics and in vitro THC release. The optimum tablet formulation (F2) provided a short floating lag time (∼23 s) together with a prolonged buoyancy (>12 h). About 72% of THC was released in 12 h with an emulsion droplet size in aqueous media of 33.9±1.0 nm while that of a self-microemulsifying liquid was 29.9±0.3 nm. The tablet formulation was stable under intermediate and accelerated storage conditions for up to 6 months. The THC released from the self-microemulsifying liquid and tablet formulations provided an approximately three- to fivefold greater permeability across the Caco-2 cell monolayers than the unformulated THC and indicated an enhanced absorption of THC by the formulations. The self-microemulsifying floating tablet could provide a dosage form with the potential to improve the oral bioavailability of THC and other hydrophobic compounds.
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Kammona O, Kiparissides C. Recent advances in nanocarrier-based mucosal delivery of biomolecules. J Control Release 2012; 161:781-94. [PMID: 22659331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights the recent developments in the area of nanocarrier-based mucosal delivery of therapeutic biomolecules and antigens. Macromolecular drugs have the unique power to tackle challenging diseases but their structure, physicochemical properties, stability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics place stringent demands on the way they are delivered into the body (e.g., inability to cross mucosal surfaces and biological membranes). Carrier-based drug delivery systems can diminish the toxicity of therapeutic biomolecules, improve their bioavailability and make possible their administration via less-invasive routes (e.g., oral, nasal, pulmonary, etc.). Thus, the development of functionalized nanocarriers and nanoparticle-based microcarriers for the delivery of macromolecular drugs is considered an important scientific challenge and at the same time a business breakthrough for the biopharmaceutical industry. In order to be translated to the clinic the nanocarriers need to be biocompatible, biodegradable, stable in biological media, non-toxic and non-immunogenic, to exhibit mucoadhesive properties, to cross mucosal barriers and to protect their sensitive payload and deliver it to its target site in a controlled manner, thus increasing significantly its bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process Engineering Research Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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40
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A. Aboelwa A, I.A. Makhl A. In vivo Evaluation and Application of Central Composite Design in the Optimization of Amisulpride Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/ajdd.2012.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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41
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Opportunities and challenges for oral delivery of hydrophobic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs using lipid-based technologies. Ther Deliv 2011; 2:1633-53. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide and protein-like drugs are macromolecules currently produced in increasing numbers by the pharmaceutical biotechnology industry. The physicochemical properties of these molecules pose barriers to oral administration. Lipid-based drug-delivery systems have the potential to overcome these barriers and may be utilized to formulate safe, stable and efficacious oral medicines. This review outlines the design of such lipid-based technologies. The mechanisms whereby these formulations enhance the absorption of lipophilic versus hydrophilic peptide and protein-like drugs are discussed. In the case of lipophilic compounds, the advantages of lipid-based drug-delivery systems including increased solubilization, decreased intestinal efflux, decreased intracellular metabolism and possible lymphatic transport are well established as is evident from the success of Neoral® and other drug products on the market. In contrast, with respect to hydrophilic compounds, the situation is more complex and, while promising formulation approaches have been studied, issues including reproducibility of response, intersubject variability and duration of response require further optimization before commercially viable products are possible.
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42
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Functionalization of lactose as a biological carrier for bovine serum albumin by electrospraying. Int J Pharm 2011; 414:1-5. [PMID: 21536114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic atomization (EHDA) is an attractive technique to make new types of composite particles for pharmaceutical use. The aim of this work is to prove that EHDA can be successfully used to attach nano/micro-particles of protein to lactose, the commonly used excipient for pulmonary delivery, keeping all the biological properties of the protein after dissolution of the complex. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein. The atomization of BSA was tested with two different solvents, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol. The process using DMSO resulted in the formation of a thin layer of protein while the tests using ethanol resulted in the formation of spherical particles with mean diameters around 700 nm. Ethanol as solvent was also used to produce a composite formed by BSA adsorbed at the surface of lactose by electrostatic forces. No denaturation or significant conformational changes of the protein were observed, although an increase in the exposition of the lactose to the jet of the solution decreases the reproducibility of the method. Due to the absence of denaturation in the model protein, this new approach can be tested for the production of new formulations for dry powders for drug delivery systems.
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Date AA, Desai N, Dixit R, Nagarsenker M. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems: formulation insights, applications and advances. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:1595-616. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a resurgence of interest in nanoemulsions for various pharmaceutical applications since low-energy emulsification methods, such as spontaneous or self-nanoemulsification, have been described. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are anhydrous homogenous liquid mixtures consisting of oil, surfactant, drug and coemulsifier or solubilizer, which spontaneously form oil-in-water nanoemulsion of approximately 200 nm or less in size upon dilution with water under gentle stirring. The physicochemical properties, drug solubilization capacity and physiological fate considerably govern the selection of the SNEDDS components. The composition of the SNEDDS can be optimized with the help of phase diagrams, whereas statistical experimental design can be used to further optimize SNEDDS. SNEDDS can improve oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs by several mechanisms. The conversion of liquid SNEDDS to solid oral dosage forms or solid SNEDDS has also been achieved by researchers. Solid SNEDDS can offer better patient compliance and minimize problems associated with capsules filled with liquid SNEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit A Date
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Neha Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Dixit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Mangal Nagarsenker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (East), Mumbai - 400098, India
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44
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Nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions: clarifications of the critical differences. Pharm Res 2010; 28:978-85. [PMID: 21057856 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Much research has been done over the past years on self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, their main interest being the simplicity of the formulation processes, the great stability of the systems and their high potential in pharmaceutical applications and industrial scaling-up. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems are generally described in the literature indiscriminately as either nano-emulsions or micro-emulsions. Although this misconception appears to be common, these two systems are fundamentally different, based on very different physical and physicochemical concepts. Their differences result in very different stability behaviors, which can have significant consequences regarding their applications and administration as nanomedicines. This paper aims at clarifying the problem, first by reviewing all the physical and physicochemical fundamentals regarding these two systems, using a quantitative thermodynamic approach for micro-emulsions. Following these clarifications, we show how the confusion between nano-emulsions and micro-emulsions appears in the literature and how most of the micro-emulsion systems referred to are actually nano-emulsion systems. Finally, we illustrate how to clear up this misconception using simple experiments. Since this confusion is well established in the literature, such clarifications seem necessary in order to improve the understanding of research in this important field.
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Phospholipids and lipid-based formulations in oral drug delivery. Pharm Res 2010; 27:1469-86. [PMID: 20411409 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipids become increasingly important as formulation excipients and as active ingredients per se. The present article summarizes particular features of commonly used phospholipids and their application spectrum within oral drug formulation and elucidates current strategies to improve bioavailability and disposition of orally administered drugs. Advantages of phospholipids formulations not only comprise enhanced bioavailability of drugs with low aqueous solubility or low membrane penetration potential, but also improvement or alteration of uptake and release of drugs, protection of sensitive active agents from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, reduction of gastrointestinal side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and even masking of bitter taste of orally applied drugs. Technological strategies to achieve these effects are highly diverse and offer various possibilities of liquid, semi-liquid and solid lipid-based formulations for drug delivery optimization.
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47
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Rao SVR, Yajurvedi K, Shao J. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) for oral delivery of protein drugs. Int J Pharm 2008; 362:16-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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48
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Moeller EH, Jorgensen L. Alternative routes of administration for systemic delivery of protein pharmaceuticals. DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY. TECHNOLOGIES 2008; 5:e89-e94. [PMID: 24981096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddtec.2008.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive and patient-friendly delivery of proteins are important targets for protein formulation development. Traditionally, a lyophilized cake for reconstitution followed by s.c. or i.v. administration has been used. At present, several protein pharmaceuticals delivered by alternative routes of administration are under investigation. The long-term effects of protein delivery by these alternative routes are not known. Nevertheless, these alternative administration routes can in the near future lead to new, successful protein pharmaceuticals on the market.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Horn Moeller
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lene Jorgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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