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Balgobind A, Daniels A, Ariatti M, Singh M. HER2/neu Oncogene Silencing in a Breast Cancer Cell Model Using Cationic Lipid-Based Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041190. [PMID: 37111675 PMCID: PMC10142055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu) oncogene is predictive of adverse breast cancer prognosis. Silencing the HER2/neu overexpression using siRNA may be an effective treatment strategy. Major requirements for siRNA-based therapy are safe, stable, and efficient delivery systems to channel siRNA into target cells. This study assessed the efficacy of cationic lipid-based systems for the delivery of siRNA. Cationic liposomes were formulated with equimolar ratios of the respective cholesteryl cytofectins, 3β-N-(N', N'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbamoyl cholesterol (Chol-T) or N, N-dimethylaminopropylaminylsuccinylcholesterylformylhydrazide (MS09), with the neutral helper lipid, dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), with and without a polyethylene glycol stabilizer. All cationic liposomes efficiently bound, compacted, and protected the therapeutic siRNA against nuclease degradation. Liposomes and siRNA lipoplexes were spherical, <200 nm in size, with moderate particle size distributions (PDI < 0.4). The siRNA lipoplexes exhibited minimal dose-dependent cytotoxicity and effective HER2/neu siRNA transfection in the HER2/neu overexpressing SKBR-3 cells. The non-PEGylated Chol-T-siRNA lipoplexes induced the highest HER2/neu silencing at the mRNA (10000-fold decrease) and protein levels (>111.6-fold decrease), surpassing that of commercially available Lipofectamine 3000 (4.1-fold reduction in mRNA expression). These cationic liposomes are suitable carriers of HER2/neu siRNA for gene silencing in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhika Balgobind
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Aliscia Daniels
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Mario Ariatti
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Moganavelli Singh
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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German-Cortés J, Vilar-Hernández M, Rafael D, Abasolo I, Andrade F. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Multitasking Nano-Carriers for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030831. [PMID: 36986692 PMCID: PMC10056426 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all the advances seen in recent years, the severe adverse effects and low specificity of conventional chemotherapy are still challenging problems regarding cancer treatment. Nanotechnology has helped to address these questions, making important contributions in the oncological field. The use of nanoparticles has allowed the improvement of the therapeutic index of several conventional drugs and facilitates the tumoral accumulation and intracellular delivery of complex biomolecules, such as genetic material. Among the wide range of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems (nanoDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as promising systems for delivering different types of cargo. Their solid lipid core, at room and body temperature, provides SLNs with higher stability than other formulations. Moreover, SLNs offer other important features, namely the possibility to perform active targeting, sustained and controlled release, and multifunctional therapy. Furthermore, with the possibility to use biocompatible and physiologic materials and easy scale-up and low-cost production methods, SLNs meet the principal requirements of an ideal nanoDDS. The present work aims to summarize the main aspects related to SLNs, including composition, production methods, and administration routes, as well as to show the most recent studies about the use of SLNs for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia German-Cortés
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Vilar-Hernández
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diana Rafael
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (I.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Ibane Abasolo
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Functional Validation & Preclinical Research (FVPR), U20 ICTS Nanbiosis, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Servei de Bioquímica, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (I.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fernanda Andrade
- Drug Delivery & Targeting Group, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Research Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Farmàcia i Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (D.R.); (I.A.); (F.A.)
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Effect of PEG Anchor and Serum on Lipid Nanoparticles: Development of a Nanoparticles Tracking Method. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020597. [PMID: 36839919 PMCID: PMC9962341 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is used in Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) formulations to confer stealth properties and is traditionally anchored in membranes by a lipid moiety whose length significantly impacts the LNPs fate in vivo. C18 acyl chains are efficiently anchored in the membrane, while shorter C14 lipids are quickly desorbed and replaced by a protein corona responsible for the completely different fate of LNPs. In this context, a method to predict the biological behavior of LNPs depending on the lipid-PEG dissociation was developed using the Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) method in serum. Two formulations of siRNA-containing LNPs were prepared including CSL3 or SM-102 lipids and were grafted with different lipids-PEG (C18, C14 lipids-PEG, and Ceramide-PEG). The impact of the lipid-PEG on the interactions between LNPs and serum components was demonstrated by monitoring the mean particle size and the concentration over time. In vitro, these formulations demonstrated low toxicity and efficient gene knockdown on tumor MDA-MB-231 cells, but serum was found to significantly impact the efficiency of C18-PEG-based LNPs, while it did not impact the efficiency of C14-PEG-based LNPs. The NTA method demonstrated the ability to discriminate between the behaviors of LNPs according to serum proteins' interactions. CSL3 lipid and Cer-PEG were confirmed to have promise for LNP formulation.
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Sahu R, Jha S, Pattanayak SP. Therapeutic silencing of mTOR by systemically administered siRNA-loaded neutral liposomal nanoparticles inhibits DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:2207-2219. [PMID: 36261586 PMCID: PMC9726943 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary carcinogenesis possesses great challenges due to the lack of effectiveness of the multiple therapeutic options available. Gene therapy-based cancer treatment strategy provides more targeting accuracy, fewer side effects, and higher therapeutic efficiency. Downregulation of the oncogene mTOR by mTOR-siRNA is an encouraging approach to reduce cancer progression. However, its employment as means of therapeutic strategy has been restricted due to the unavailability of a suitable delivery system. METHODS A suitable nanocarrier system made up of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC) has been developed to prevent degradation and for proficient delivery of siRNA. This was followed by in vitro and in vivo anti-breast cancer efficiency analysis of the mTOR siRNA-loaded neutral liposomal formulation (NL-mTOR-siRNA). RESULTS In our experiment, a profound reduction in MCF-7 cell growth, proliferation and invasion was ascertained following extensive downregulation of mTOR expression. NL-mTOR-siRNA suppressed tumour growth and restored morphological alterations of DMBA-induced breast cancer. In addition, neutral liposome enhanced accumulation of siRNA in mammary cancer tissues facilitating its deep cytosolic distribution within the tumour, which allows apoptosis thereby facilitating its anti-tumour potential. CONCLUSION Hence, the current study highlighted the augmented ground for therapies aiming toward cancerous cells to diminish mTOR expression by RNAi in managing mammary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Sahu
- Division of Advanced Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835 215, India
| | - Shivesh Jha
- Division of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Technology, Birla Institute of Technology (BIT), Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835 215, India
| | - Shakti Prasad Pattanayak
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Science, Central University of South Bihar (Gaya), Gaya, Bihar, 824 236, India.
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Chen D, Zhang P, Li M, Li C, Lu X, Sun Y, Sun K. Hyaluronic acid-modified redox-sensitive hybrid nanocomplex loading with siRNA for non-small-cell lung carcinoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:574-587. [PMID: 35156491 PMCID: PMC8856077 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified hybrid nanocomplex HA-SeSe-COOH/siR-93C@PAMAM, which could efficiently deliver siRNA into tumor cells via a redox-mediated intracellular disassembly, was constructed for enhanced antitumor efficacy. Thereinto, siR-93C (siRNA) and positive PAMAM were firstly mixed into the electrostatic nano-intermediate, and then diselenide bond (-SeSe-)-modified HA was coved to shield excessive positive charges. This hybrid nanocomplex displayed uniform dynamic sizes, high stability, controlled zeta potential and narrow PDI distribution. Moreover, the -SeSe- linkage displayed GSH/ROS dual responsive properties, improving intracellular trafficking of siRNA. In vitro assays in A549 cell line presented that HA-SeSe-COOH/siR-93C@PAMAM has low cytotoxicity, rapid lysosomal escape and significant transfection efficiency; besides, an efficient proliferation inhibition ability and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, in animal studies, this negative-surfaced hybrid nanocomplex showed a prolonged circulation in blood and improved inhibition of tumor growth. All these results verified our hypothesis in this study that diselenide bonds-modified HA could promote not only stability and safety of nanoparticles in vivo but also intracellular behavior of siRNA via redox-dual sensitive properties; furthermore, this hybrid nanocomplex provided a visible potential approach for siRNA delivery in the antitumor field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Congcong Li
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Sun
- Shandong International Biotechnology Park Development Co. Ltd, Yantai, P.R. China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, P.R. China
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Grace VMB, Wilson DD, Guruvayoorappan C, Danisha JP, Bonati L. Liposome nano-formulation with cationic polar lipid DOTAP and cholesterol as a suitable pH-responsive carrier for molecular therapeutic drug (all-trans retinoic acid) delivery to lung cancer cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2021; 15:380-390. [PMID: 34694713 PMCID: PMC8675848 DOI: 10.1049/nbt2.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular targeted drug ATRA demands a suitable carrier that delivers to the cancer site due to its poor bioavailability and drug resistance. ATRA, being a lipid with carboxylic acid, has been nano‐formulated as a cationic lipo‐ATRA with DOTAP:cholesterol:ATRA (5:4:1) and its pH‐responsive release, intracellular drug accumulation, and anticancer effect on human lung cancer (A549) cell line analysed. The analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of the developed lipo‐ATRA (0.8 µmol) revealed that the size of 231 ± 2.35 d.nm had a zeta potential of 6.4 ± 1.19 and an encapsulation efficiency of 93.7 ± 3.6%. The ATRA release from lipo‐ATRA in vitro was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher at acidic pH 6 compared to pH 7.5. The intracellular uptake of ATRA into lipo‐ATRA‐treated A549 cells was seven‐fold higher (0.007 ± 0.001 mg/ml) while only three‐fold uptake was observed in free ATRA treatment (0.003 ± 0.002 mg/ml). The lipo‐ATRA treatment caused a highly significant (p ≤ 0.001) decrease in percent cell viability at 48 h when compared with the free ATRA treatment. Overall, the results proved that the developed lipo‐ATRA has suitable physicochemical properties with enhanced ATRA release at acidic pH, while maintaining stability at physiologic pH and temperature. This resulted in an increased ATRA uptake by lung cancer cells with enhanced treatment efficiency. Hence, it is concluded that DOTAP lipo‐ATRA is a suitable carrier for ATRA delivery to solid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devarajan David Wilson
- School of Science, Arts, Media and Management, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chandrasekharan Guruvayoorappan
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Research, Regional Cancer Centre, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Jesubatham Perinba Danisha
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lucia Bonati
- IAESTE Intern at Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Berger M, Lechanteur A, Evrard B, Piel G. Innovative lipoplexes formulations with enhanced siRNA efficacy for cancer treatment: Where are we now? Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120851. [PMID: 34217823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, RNA interference has become an extensively studied mechanism to silence gene and treat diseases including cancer. siRNA appears as a promising strategy that could avoid some side effects related to traditional chemotherapy. Considering the weak stability of naked siRNA in blood, vectors like cationic liposomes or Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used to carry and protect siRNA until it reaches the tumor targeted. Despite extensive research, only three RNAi drugs are currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration, including only one LNP formulation of siRNA to treat hereditary ATTR amyloidosis. This shows the difficulty of lipoplexes clinical translation, in particular in cancer therapy. To overcome the lipoplexes limitations, searches are made on innovative lipoplexes formulations with enhanced siRNA efficacy. The present review is focusing on the recent use of pH-sensitive lipids, peptides and cell-penetrating peptides or polymers. The incorporation of some of these components in the lipoplex formulation induces a fusogenic property or an enhanced endosomal escape, an enhanced cellular uptake, an enhanced tumor targeting, an improved stability in the blood stream …These innovations appear critical to obtain an efficient siRNA accumulation in tumor cells with effective antitumor effect considering the complex tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Berger
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium.
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium.
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liege, Belgium.
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8
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Chun YY, Yap ZL, Seet LF, Chan HH, Toh LZ, Chu SWL, Lee YS, Wong TT, Tan TTY. Positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel-siSPARC injectable for siRNA anti-scarring therapy in post glaucoma filtration surgery. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1470. [PMID: 33446775 PMCID: PMC7809290 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80542-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy is a promising epigenetic silencing strategy. However, its widespread adoption has been severely impeded by its ineffective delivery into the cellular environment. Here, a biocompatible injectable gelatin-based hydrogel with positive-charge tuned surface charge is presented as an effective platform for siRNA protection and delivery. We demonstrate a two-step synthesis of a gelatin-tyramine (Gtn-Tyr) hydrogel with simultaneous charge tunability and crosslinking ability. We discuss how different physiochemical properties of the hydrogel interact with siSPARC (siRNA for secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine), and study the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel as an effective delivery platform for siSPARC in anti-fibrotic treatment. Through in vitro studies using mouse tenon fibroblasts, the positive-charge tuned Gtn-Tyr hydrogel shows sustained siSPARC cellular internalization and effective SPARC silencing with excellent biocompatibility. Similarly, the same hydrogel platform delivering siSPARC in an in vivo assessment employing a rabbit model shows an effective reduction in subconjunctival scarring in post glaucoma filtration surgery, and is non-cytotoxic compared to a commonly used anti-scarring agent, mitomycin-C. Overall, the current siRNA delivery strategy involving the positive-charge tuned gelatin hydrogel shows effective delivery of gene silencing siSPARC for anti-fibrotic treatment. The current charge tunable hydrogel delivery system is simple to fabricate and highly scalable. We believe this delivery platform has strong translational potential for effective siRNA delivery and epigenetic silencing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yao Chun
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
- Ocular Imaging, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Zhu Li Yap
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Fong Seet
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Hiok Hong Chan
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Li Zhen Toh
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Stephanie W L Chu
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Ying Shi Lee
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Tina T Wong
- Ocular Therapeutics and Drug Delivery, Singapore Eye Research Institute, 20 College Road Discovery Tower Level 6, The Academia, Singapore, 169856, Singapore.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
- Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Rd, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
- Glaucoma Service, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Ave, Singapore, 168751, Singapore.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, Singapore, 639977, Singapore.
| | - Timothy T Y Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Dr, Singapore, 637459, Singapore.
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9
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Effects of lipid composition in cationic liposomes on suppression of mast cell activation. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 231:104948. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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10
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Lipid gene nanocarriers for the treatment of skin diseases: Current state-of-the-art. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:95-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Cationic Liposomes Carrying siRNA: Impact of Lipid Composition on Physicochemical Properties, Cytotoxicity and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS 2018; 8:nano8050270. [PMID: 29695068 PMCID: PMC5977284 DOI: 10.3390/nano8050270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent year, cationic liposomes have gained a lot of attention for siRNA delivery. Despite this, intracellular barriers as endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery of siRNA still represent a challeng, as well as the cytotoxicity due to cationic lipids. To address these issues, we developed four liposomal formulations, composed of two different cationic lipids (DOTAP and DC-Cholesterol) and different ratio of co-lipids (cholesterol and DOPE). The objective is to dissect these impacts on siRNA efficacy and cytotoxicity. Liposomes were complexed to siRNA at six different N/P molar ratios, physico-chemical properties were characterized, and consequently, N/P 2.5, 5 and 10 were selected for in vitro experiments. We have shown that cytotoxicity is influenced by the N/P ratio, the concentration of cationic lipid, as well as the nature of the cationic lipid. For instance, cell viability decreased by 70% with liposomes composed of DOTAP/Cholesterol/DOPE 1/0.75/0.5 at a N/P ratio 10, whereas the same formulation at a N/P ratio of 2.5 was safe. Interestingly, we have observed differences in terms of mRNA knock-down efficiency, whereas the transfection rate was quite similar for each formulation. Liposomes containing 50% of DOPE induced a mRNA silencing of around 80%. This study allowed us to highlight crucial parameters in order to develop lipoplexes which are safe, and which induce an efficient intracytoplasmic release of siRNA.
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Fernández Fernández E, Santos-Carballal B, de Santi C, Ramsey JM, MacLoughlin R, Cryan SA, Greene CM. Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles for Cystic Fibrosis Lung Gene Therapy Studies. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11010122. [PMID: 29342838 PMCID: PMC5793620 DOI: 10.3390/ma11010122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung gene therapy for cystic fibrosis disease has not been successful due to several challenges such as the absence of an appropriate vector. Therefore, optimal delivery of emerging therapeutics to airway epithelial cells demands suitable non-viral systems. In this work, we describe the formulation and the physicochemical investigation of biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), including PLGA and chitosan (animal and non-animal), as novel methods for the safe and efficient delivery of CFTR-specific locked nucleic acids (LNAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Fernández Fernández
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | | | - Chiara de Santi
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Joanne M Ramsey
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
- Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, Dangan, Galway H91 HE94, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Catherine M Greene
- Lung Biology Group, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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PEGylation of the GALA Peptide Enhances the Lung-Targeting Activity of Nanocarriers That Contain Encapsulated siRNA. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2420-2427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kubota K, Onishi K, Sawaki K, Li T, Mitsuoka K, Sato T, Takeoka S. Effect of the nanoformulation of siRNA-lipid assemblies on their cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5121-5133. [PMID: 28790820 PMCID: PMC5529365 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s136426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two lipid-based nanoformulations have been used to date in clinical studies: lipoplexes and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). In this study, we prepared small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded carriers using lipid components of the same composition to form molecular assemblies of differing structures, and evaluated the impact of structure on cellular uptake and immune stimulation. Lipoplexes are electrostatic complexes formed by mixing preformed cationic lipid liposomes with anionic siRNA in an aqueous environment, whereas LNPs are nanoparticles embedding siRNA prepared by mixing an alcoholic lipid solution with an aqueous siRNA solution in one step. Although the physicochemical properties of lipoplexes and LNPs were similar except for small increases in apparent size of lipoplexes and zeta potential of LNPs, siRNA uptake efficiency of LNPs was significantly higher than that of lipoplexes. Furthermore, in the case of LNPs, both siRNA and lipid were effectively incorporated into cells in a co-assembled state; however, in the case of lipoplexes, the amount of siRNA internalized into cells was small in comparison with lipid. siRNAs in lipoplexes were thought to be more likely to localize on the particle surface and thereby undergo dissociation into the medium. Inflammatory cytokine responses also appeared to differ between lipoplexes and LNPs. For tumor necrosis factor-α, release was mainly caused by siRNA. On the other hand, the release of interleukin-1β was mainly due to the cationic nature of particles. LNPs released lower amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β than lipoplexes and were thus considered to be better tolerated with respect to cytokine release. In conclusion, siRNA-loaded nanoformulations effect their cellular uptake and immune stimulation in a manner that depends on the structure of the molecular assembly; therefore, nanoformulations should be optimized before extending studies into the in vivo environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kubota
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Formulation Research and Phramaceutical Process Group, CMC R&D Center, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kohei Onishi
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Sawaki
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tianshu Li
- Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Cooperative Major in Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences and Engineering, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering,Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan.,Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University (TWIns), Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Gene transfection efficiency into dendritic cells is influenced by the size of cationic liposomes/DNA complexes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:230-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Chen X, Liu M, Wang R, Yan P, Zhang C, Ma C, Yin L. Construction and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Integrin α νβ₃-Specific Carrier for Targeted siRNA Delivery In Vitro. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020231. [PMID: 28165399 PMCID: PMC6155842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The great potential of RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene therapy is premised on the effective delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to target tissues and cells. Hence, we aimed at developing and examining a novel integrin αvβ3-specific delivery carrier for targeted transfection of siRNA to malignant tumor cells; (2) Methods: Arginine-glycine-aspartate motif (RGD) was adopted as a tissue target for specific recognition of integrin αvβ3. To enable siRNA binding, a chimeric peptide was synthesized by adding nonamer arginine residues (9R) at the carboxy terminus of cyclic-RGD dimer, designated as c(RGD)2-9R. The efficiency of 9R peptide transferring siRNA was biologically evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and Western blot; (3) Results: An optimal 10:1 molar ratio of c(RGD)2-9R to siRNA was confirmed by the electrophoresis on agarose gels. Both the flow cytometry and confocal microscopy results testified that transfection of c(RGD)2-9R as an siRNA delivery carrier was obviously higher than the naked-siRNA group. The results of Western blot demonstrated that these 9R peptides were able to transduce siRNA to HepG2 cells in vitro, resulting in efficient gene silencing; and (4) Conclusion: The chimeric peptide of c(RGD)2-9R can be developed as an effective siRNA delivery carrier and shows potential as a new strategy for RNAi-based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqi Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Rongfu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Chunli Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
| | - Lei Yin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, No. 8, Xishiku St., West District, Beijing 100034, China.
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17
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Grijalvo S, Alagia A, Puras G, Zárate J, Mayr J, Pedraz JL, Eritja R, Díaz DD. Cationic nioplexes-in-polysaccharide-based hydrogels as versatile biodegradable hybrid materials to deliver nucleic acids. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7756-7767. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Two polysaccharide-based hydrogels made of only κ-carrageenan (4%; w/v) or of a mixture of methylcellulose:κ-carrageenan (2%; w/v) were used to encapsulate cationic nioplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Grijalvo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Rgensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
| | - Adele Alagia
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Gustavo Puras
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- NanoBioCel Group
| | - Jon Zárate
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- NanoBioCel Group
| | - Judith Mayr
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Rgensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- NanoBioCel Group
| | - Ramon Eritja
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
- 08034 Barcelona
- Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering
- Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN)
| | - David Díaz Díaz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Rgensburg
- 93040 Regensburg
- Germany
- Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC)
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18
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Lechanteur A, Furst T, Evrard B, Delvenne P, Hubert P, Piel G. PEGylation of lipoplexes: The right balance between cytotoxicity and siRNA effectiveness. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 93:493-503. [PMID: 27593989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an attractive therapeutic approach to treat several pathologies, such as viral infections or cancers. However, the stability and the efficacy of these biotherapies are still a major obstacle to their use. Cationic liposomes (DOTAP/Chol/DOPE 1/0.75/0.5M ratio) have been complexed to siRNA (lipoplexes) in order to be administrated by the vaginal route, in the context of HPV16 induced cervical preneoplastic lesions. To overcome the constraint of the cervico-vaginal mucus, PEGylation is required to allow the diffusion of lipoplexes through it. Thereby, PEGylated lipoplexes coated with three types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as DSPE-PEG2000, DSPE-PEG750 or C8-PEG2000-Ceramide (Ceramide-PEG2000) at different densities have been developed and characterized. PEGylated lipoplexes were successfully prepared and showed a hydrodynamic diameter around 200nm, appropriate for vaginal application. In vitro assays on HPV16 positive cell lines revealed that a positive charge of PEGylated lipoplexes allows a higher mRNA knockdown by siRNA. However, the cationic property is also associated to cytotoxicity. The addition of a high percentage of PEG prevented this toxicity but seemed also to reduce siRNA endosomal escape, probably by steric hindrance. The decreasing of PEG density of Ceramide-PEG2000 to 20% allows the release of siRNA and in consequence, biological activities, contrarily to DSPE-PEG. These results suggest that Ceramide-PEG is more appropriate for siRNA delivery compared to DSPE-PEG. In conclusion, the right balance between cytotoxicity and siRNA effectiveness has been found with the transfection of lipoplexes coated with 20% of Ceramide-PEG2000. This new nanovector could have a high potential against multiple mucosal diseases, such as human papillomavirus-induced genital lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Tania Furst
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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19
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Furst T, Bettonville V, Farcas E, Frere A, Lechanteur A, Evrard B, Fillet M, Piel G, Servais AC. Capillary electrophoresis method to determine siRNA complexation with cationic liposomes. Electrophoresis 2016; 37:2685-2691. [PMID: 27396918 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) inducing gene silencing has great potential to treat many human diseases. To ensure effective siRNA delivery, it must be complexed with an appropriate vector, generally nanoparticles. The nanoparticulate complex requires an optimal physiochemical characterization and the complexation efficiency has to be precisely determined. The methods usually used to measure complexation in gel electrophoresis and RiboGreen® fluorescence-based assay. However, those approaches are not automated and present some drawbacks such as the low throughput and the use of carcinogenic reagents. The aim of this study is to develop a new simple and fast method to accurately quantify the complexation efficiency. In this study, capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used to determine the siRNA complexation with cationic liposomes. The short-end injection mode applied enabled siRNA detection in less than 5 min. Moreover, the CE technique offers many advantages compared with the other classical methods. It is automated, does not require sample preparation and expensive reagents. Moreover, no mutagenic risk is associated with the CE approach since no carcinogenic product is used. Finally, this methodology can also be extended for the characterization of other types of nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA, such as cationic polymeric nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Furst
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
| | - Virginie Bettonville
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elena Farcas
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Antoine Frere
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marianne Fillet
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Anne-Catherine Servais
- Laboratory for the Analysis of Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences - CIRM, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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20
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Ruigrok MJR, Frijlink HW, Hinrichs WLJ. Pulmonary administration of small interfering RNA: The route to go? J Control Release 2016; 235:14-23. [PMID: 27235976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi), which is a post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism, researchers have been studying the therapeutic potential of using small interfering RNA (siRNA) to treat diseases that are characterized by excessive gene expression. Excessive gene expression can be particularly harmful if it occurs in a vulnerable organ such as the lungs as they are essential for physiological respiration. Consequently, RNAi could offer an approach to treat such lung diseases. Parenteral administration of siRNA has been shown to be difficult due to degradation by nucleases in the systemic circulation and excretion by the kidneys. To avoid these issues and to achieve local delivery and local effects, pulmonary administration has been proposed as an alternative administration route. Regarding this application, various animal studies have been conducted over the past few years. Therefore, this review presents a critical analysis of publications where pulmonary administration of siRNA in animals has been reported. Such an analysis is necessary to determine the feasibility of this administration route and to define directions for future research. First, we provide background information on lungs, pulmonary administration, and delivery vectors. Thereafter, we present and discuss relevant animal studies. Though nearly all publications reported positive outcomes, several reoccurring challenges were identified. They relate to 1) the necessity, efficacy, and safety of delivery vectors, 2) the biodistribution of siRNA in tissues other than the lungs, 3) the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo models, and 4) the long-term effects upon (repeated) administration of siRNA. Finally, we present recommendations for future research to define the route to go: towards safer and more effective pulmonary administration of siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J R Ruigrok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Bertrand JR, Lucas C, Pham NM, Durieu C, Couvreur P, Malvy CP, Desmaële D. Turning Squalene into Cationic Lipid Allows a Delivery of siRNA in Cultured Cells. Nucleic Acid Ther 2015; 25:121-9. [PMID: 25894614 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2014.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent binding of squalene to siRNA has already been shown to be an interesting way of delivering siRNA in vivo. Whether squalene derivatives could also be used to deliver siRNA in cells without covalent binding similar to usual transfection with cationic lipids is the question addressed in this article. Accordingly, we investigated the activity of two squalene derivatives bearing a quaternary ammonium head group and a guanidinium group, respectively. The second derivative displayed interesting properties for delivering siRNA into cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Rémi Bertrand
- 1Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,3Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Claire Lucas
- 1Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,3Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Ngoc Minh Pham
- 1Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,3Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Durieu
- 4Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8126, Villejuif, France
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- 5Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien, CNRS UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Claude Paul Malvy
- 1Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,2Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France.,3Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, Laboratoire de Vectorologie et Thérapeutiques Anticancéreuses, UMR 8203, Villejuif, France
| | - Didier Desmaële
- 5Université Paris-Sud, Institut Galien, CNRS UMR 8612, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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22
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Gasperini AAM, Puentes-Martinez XE, Balbino TA, Rigoletto TDP, Corrêa GDSC, Cassago A, Portugal RV, de La Torre LG, Cavalcanti LP. Association between cationic liposomes and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3308-3317. [PMID: 25730494 DOI: 10.1021/la5045865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a study of the association between low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (16 kDa HA) and cationic liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP). The cationic liposome/HA complexes were evaluated to determine their mesoscopic structure, average size, zeta potential, and morphology as a function of the amount of HA in the system. Small angle X-ray scattering results revealed that neighboring cationic liposomes either stick together after a partial coating of low concentration HA or disperse completely in excess of HA, but they never assemble as multilamellar vesicles. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy images confirm the existence of unilamellar vesicles and large aggregates of unilamellar vesicles for HA fractions up to 80% (w/w). High concentrations of HA (> 20% w/w) proved to be efficient for coating extruded liposomes, leading to particle complexes with sizes in the nanoscale range and a negative zeta potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio A M Gasperini
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ximena E Puentes-Martinez
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- ‡Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, CEP 12.231-280, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Albertini Balbino
- §School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO box 6066, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais de Paula Rigoletto
- ∥Centro Universitário das Faculdades Associadas de Ensino UNIFAE, Largo Engenheiro Paulo de Almeida Sandeville, 15, CEP 13.870-377, São João da Boa Vista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre Cassago
- ⊥Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villares Portugal
- ⊥Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucimara Gaziola de La Torre
- §School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO box 6066, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leide P Cavalcanti
- †Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, CNPEM, Caixa Postal 6192, CEP 13.083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Dzmitruk V, Szulc A, Shcharbin D, Janaszewska A, Shcharbina N, Lazniewska J, Novopashina D, Buyanova M, Ionov M, Klajnert-Maculewicz B, Gómez-Ramirez R, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Muñoz-Fernández MA, Bryszewska M. Anticancer siRNA cocktails as a novel tool to treat cancer cells. Part (B). Efficiency of pharmacological action. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:288-94. [PMID: 25796120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines a perspective to use newly engineered nanomaterials as effective and safe carriers for gene therapy of cancer. Three different groups of cationic dendrimers (PAMAM, phosphorus, and carbosilane) were complexed with anticancer siRNA and the biophysical properties of the dendriplexes created were analyzed. The potential of the dendrimers as nanocarriers for anticancer Bcl-xl, Bcl-2, Mcl-1 siRNAs and additionally a scrambled sequence siRNA has been explored. Dendrimer/siRNA complexes were characterised by various methods including fluorescence, zeta potential, dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. In this part of study, the transfection of complexes in HeLa and HL-60 cells was analyzed using both single apoptotic siRNAs and a mixture (cocktail) of them. Cocktails were more effective than single siRNAs, allowing one to decrease siRNAs concentration in treating cells. The dendrimers were compared as siRNA carriers, the most effective being the phosphorus-based ones. However, they were also the most cytotoxic on their own, so that in this regard the application of all dendrimers in anticancer therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volha Dzmitruk
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Aleksandra Szulc
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dzmitry Shcharbin
- Institute of Biophysics and Cell Engineering of NASB, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Anna Janaszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natallia Shcharbina
- Republican Research and Practical Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Joanna Lazniewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Darya Novopashina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Marina Buyanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maksim Ionov
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Leibniz-Institut fur Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., HoheStrasse 6,01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rafael Gómez-Ramirez
- Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR, 860, Paris, France
| | | | - Maria Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain; Laboratorio de Inmunobiología Molecular, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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24
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Lechanteur A, Furst T, Evrard B, Delvenne P, Hubert P, Piel G. Development of anti-E6 pegylated lipoplexes for mucosal application in the context of cervical preneoplastic lesions. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:268-77. [PMID: 25701628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) is the fourth highest mortality causing cancer in women despite the use of prophylactic vaccines. E6 targeting represents an attractive strategy to treat this cancer. Indeed, oncoprotein E6 is produced by keratinocytes infected by HPV and is partially responsible for carcinogenesis. E6 interferes with the apoptosis process in stressed cells by degradation of p53 tumor suppressor gene. Our strategy consists in using E6 siRNA complexed with pegylated lipoplexes. The addition of hydrophilic polymer around the nanoparticles is crucial to use them by vaginal application on account of cervicovaginal mucus. Physicochemical characteristics were evaluated and in vitro assays were performed to evaluate transfection potential, E6 mRNA extinction and p53 re-expression. Cationic liposomes DOTAP/Cholesterol/DOPE 1/0.75/0.5 (N/P 2.5) with or without 50% DSPE-PEG2000 and associated with siE6 have demonstrated good physicochemical characteristics in terms of complexation, size, surface charge and stability. Both lipoplexes have been tested on CaSki cell line (HPV 16+) with 50 nM and 100 nM of siE6. Lipoplexes formulations induce 30-40% of E6 mRNA extinction and induce the re-expression of p53. In conclusion, pegylated anti-E6 lipoplexes have demonstrated their efficiency to cross the cellular membrane and to release siRNA into the cytoplasm confirmed by final p53 protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lechanteur
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Tania Furst
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium.
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Philippe Delvenne
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Pascale Hubert
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Géraldine Piel
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, CIRM, University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
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Kumar K, Barrán-Berdón AL, Datta S, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Aicart-Ramos C, Kondaiah P, Junquera E, Bhattacharya S, Aicart E. A delocalizable cationic headgroup together with an oligo-oxyethylene spacer in gemini cationic lipids improves their biological activity as vectors of plasmid DNA. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:1495-1506. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01948b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lipoplexes of plasmid DNA and mixed liposomes, with a gemini cationic lipid of the 1,2-bis(hexadecyl imidazolium) oxyethylene series, improves their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- 560012 Bangalore
- India
| | - Ana L. Barrán-Berdón
- Departments of Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular
- Departamento de Química Física I
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Sougata Datta
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- 560012 Bangalore
- India
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Departments of Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular
- Departamento de Química Física I
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Clara Aicart-Ramos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paturu Kondaiah
- Molecular Reproduction Development and Genetics
- Indian Institute of Science
- 560012 Bangalore
- India
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departments of Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular
- Departamento de Química Física I
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
| | | | - Emilio Aicart
- Departments of Grupo de Química Coloidal y Supramolecular
- Departamento de Química Física I
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040 Madrid
- Spain
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Dan N. Lipid-Nucleic Acid Supramolecular Complexes: Lipoplex Structure and the Kinetics of Formation. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2015.2.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Kapoor M, Burgess DJ. Targeted Delivery of Nucleic Acid Therapeutics via Nonviral Vectors. ADVANCES IN DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Colombo S, Zeng X, Ragelle H, Foged C. Complexity in the therapeutic delivery of RNAi medicines: an analytical challenge. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:1481-95. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.927439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tan YF, Mundargi RC, Chen MHA, Lessig J, Neu B, Venkatraman SS, Wong TT. Layer-by-layer nanoparticles as an efficient siRNA delivery vehicle for SPARC silencing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1790-8. [PMID: 24510544 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and safe delivery systems for siRNA therapeutics remain a challenge. Elevated secreted protein, acidic, and rich in cysteine (SPARC) protein expression is associated with tissue scarring and fibrosis. Here we investigate the feasibility of encapsulating SPARC-siRNA in the bilayers of layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoparticles (NPs) with poly(L-arginine) (ARG) and dextran (DXS) as polyelectrolytes. Cellular binding and uptake of LbL NPs as well as siRNA delivery were studied in FibroGRO cells. siGLO-siRNA and SPARC-siRNA were efficiently coated onto hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. The multilayered NPs were characterized with regard to particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology using dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. The SPARC-gene silencing and mRNA levels were analyzed using ChemiDOC western blot technique and RT-PCR. The multilayer SPARC-siRNA incorporated nanoparticles are about 200 nm in diameter and are efficiently internalized into FibroGRO cells. Their intracellular fate was also followed by tagging with suitable reporter siRNA as well as with lysotracker dye; confocal microscopy clearly indicates endosomal escape of the particles. Significant (60%) SPARC-gene knock down was achieved by using 0.4 pmole siRNA/μg of LbL NPs in FibroGRO cells and the relative expression of SPARC mRNA reduced significantly (60%) against untreated cells. The cytotoxicity as evaluated by xCelligence real-time cell proliferation and MTT cell assay, indicated that the SPARC-siRNA-loaded LbL NPs are non-toxic. In conclusion, the LbL NP system described provides a promising, safe and efficient delivery platform as a non-viral vector for siRNA delivery that uses biopolymers to enhance the gene knock down efficiency for the development of siRNA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Fei Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, 168751, Singapore
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Ivanova EA, Maslov MA, Kabilova TO, Puchkov PA, Alekseeva AS, Boldyrev IA, Vlassov VV, Serebrennikova GA, Morozova NG, Zenkova MA. Structure-transfection activity relationships in a series of novel cationic lipids with heterocyclic head-groups. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:7164-78. [PMID: 24057052 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40442k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes are promising candidates for the delivery of various therapeutic nucleic acids. Here, we report a convenient synthesis of carbamate-type cationic lipids with various hydrophobic domains (tetradecanol, dialkylglycerol, cholesterol) and positively charged head-groups (pyridinium, N-methylimidazolium, N-methylmorpholinium) and data on the structure-transfection activity relationships. It was found that single-chain lipids possess high surface activity, which correlates with high cytotoxicity due to their ability to disrupt the cellular membrane by combined hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Liposomes containing these lipids also display high cytotoxicity with respect to all cell lines. Irrespective of chemical structures, all cationic lipids form liposomes with similar sizes and surface potentials. The characteristics of complexes composed of cationic liposomes and nucleic acids depend mostly on the type of nucleic acid and P/N ratios. In the case of oligodeoxyribonucleotide delivery, the transfection activity depends on the type of cationic head-group regardless of the type of hydrophobic domain: all types of cationic liposomes mediate efficient oligonucleotide transfer into 80-90% of the eukaryotic cells, and liposomes based on lipids with N-methylmorpholinium cationic head-group display the highest transfection activity. In the case of plasmid DNA and siRNA, the type of hydrophobic domain determines the transfection activity: liposomes composed of cholesterol-based lipids were the most efficient in DNA transfer, while liposomes containing glycerol-based lipids exhibited reasonable activity in siRNA delivery under serum-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Ivanova
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University of Fine Chemical Technology, 86 Vernadskiy ave., Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Daniels A, Singh M, Ariatti M. PEGylated and non-PEGylated siRNA lipoplexes formulated with cholesteryl cytofectins promote efficient luciferase knockdown in HeLa tat luc cells. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2014; 32:206-20. [PMID: 24001194 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2013.776078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a major challenge in their development for therapeutic applications, and cationic liposomes are being actively investigated for this purpose. Six liposome formulations containing the cytofectins 3β[N-(N ',N '-dimethylaminopropane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (Chol-T) or 3β[N-(N ',N ',-dimethylaminopropylsuccinamidohydrazido)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (MS09) and varying amounts of distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine poly(ethylene glycol)2000, were prepared. Lipoplexes formed with siRNA were characterized by gel retardation analysis and cryo-electron microscopy. All lipoplexes exhibited low cytotoxicity in the HeLa tat luc cell line while Chol-T lipoplexes, containing anti-luciferase siRNA, achieved 93.4% knockdown of the luciferase transcript at 30 nM siRNA. Poly(ethylene glycol)2000 incorporation only marginally reduced knockdown efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliscia Daniels
- Non-viral Gene Delivery Laboratory, Discipline of Biochemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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32
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Dan N, Danino D. Structure and kinetics of lipid-nucleic acid complexes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 205:230-9. [PMID: 24529969 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of lipid-based complexes (lipoplexes) have been widely investigated as cellular delivery vehicles for nucleic acids-DNA and siRNA. Transfection efficiency in applications such as gene therapy and gene silencing has been clearly linked to the local, nano-scale organization of the nucleic acid in the vehicle, as well as to the global properties (e.g. size) of the carriers. This review focuses on both the structure of DNA and siRNA complexes with cationic lipids, and the kinetics of structure evolution during complex formation. The local organization of the lipoplexes is largely set by thermodynamic, equilibrium forces, dominated by the lipid preferred phase. As a result, complexation of linear lambda-phage DNA, circular plasmid DNA, or siRNA with lamellae-favoring lipids (or lipid mixtures) forms multi-lamellar L(α)(C) liquid crystalline arrays. Complexes created with lipids that have bulky tail groups may form inverted hexagonal HII(C) phases, or bicontinuous cubic Q(II)(C) phases. The kinetics of complex formation dominates the large-scale, global structure and the properties of lipoplexes. Furthermore, the time-scales required for the evolution of the equilibrium structure may be much longer than expected. In general, the process may be divided into three distinct stages: An initial binding, or adsorption step, where the nucleic acid binds onto the surface of the cationic vesicles. This step is relatively rapid, occurring on time scales of order of milliseconds, and largely insensitive to system parameters. In the second step, vesicles carrying adsorbed nucleic acid aggregate to form larger complexes. This step is sensitive to the lipid characteristics, in particular the bilayer rigidity and propensity to rupture, and to the lipid to nucleic acid (L/D) charge ratio, and is characterized by time scales of order seconds. The last and final step is that of internal rearrangement, where the overall global structure remains constant while local adjustment of the nucleic acid/lipid organization takes place. This step may occur on unusually long time scales of order hours or longer. This rate, as well, is highly sensitive to lipid characteristics, including membrane fluidity and rigidity. While the three step process is consistent with many experimental observations to date, improving the performance of these non-viral vectors requires better understanding of the correlations between the parameters that influence lipoplexes' formation and stability and the specific rate constants i.e., the timescales required to obtain the equilibrium structures. Moreover, new types of cellular delivery agents are now emerging, such as antimicrobial peptide complexes with anionic lipids, and other proteins and small-molecule lipid carriers, suggesting that better understanding of lipoplex kinetics would apply to a variety of new systems in biotechnology and nanomedicine.
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AFM and TEM characterization of siRNAs lipoplexes: A combinatory tools to predict the efficacy of complexation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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35
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Alhariri M, Azghani A, Omri A. Liposomal antibiotics for the treatment of infectious diseases. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1515-32. [PMID: 23886421 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.822860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liposomal delivery systems have been utilized in developing effective therapeutics against cancer and targeting microorganisms in and out of host cells and within biofilm community. The most attractive feature of liposome-based drugs are enhancing therapeutic index of the new or existing drugs while minimizing their adverse effects. AREAS COVERED This communication provides an overview on several aspects of liposomal antibiotics including the most widely used preparation techniques for encapsulating different agents and the most important characteristic parameters applied for examining shape, size and stability of the spherical vesicles. In addition, the routes of administration, liposome-cell interactions and host parameters affecting the biodistribution of liposomes are highlighted. EXPERT OPINION Liposomes are safe and suitable for delivery of variety of molecules and drugs in biomedical research and medicine. They are known to improve the therapeutic index of encapsulated agents and reduce drug toxicity. Recent studies on liposomal formulation of chemotherapeutic and bioactive agents and their targeted delivery show liposomal antibiotics potential in the treatment of microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moayad Alhariri
- Laurentian University, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6 , Canada +1 705 675 1151 ext. 2190 ; +1 705675 4844 ;
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36
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Thibault PA, Wilson JA. Targeting miRNAs to treat Hepatitis C Virus infections and liver pathology: Inhibiting the virus and altering the host. Pharmacol Res 2013; 75:48-59. [PMID: 23541631 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection-induced liver disease is a growing problem worldwide, and is the primary cause of liver failure requiring liver transplantation in North America. Improved therapeutic strategies are required to control and possibly eradicate HCV infections, and to modulate HCV-induced liver disease. Cellular microRNAs anneal to and regulate mRNA translation and stability and form a regulatory network that modulates virtually every cellular process. Thus, miRNAs are promising cellular targets for therapeutic intervention for an array of diseases including cancer, metabolic diseases, and virus infections. In this review we outline the features of miRNA regulation and how miRNAs may be targeted in strategies to modulate HCV replication and pathogenesis. In particular, we highlight miR-122, a miRNA that directly modulates the HCV life cycle using an unusual mechanism. This miRNA is very important since miR-122 antagonists dramatically reduced HCV titres in HCV-infected chimpanzees and humans and currently represents the most likely candidate to be the first miRNA-based therapy licensed for use. However, we also discuss other miRNAs that directly or indirectly alter HCV replication efficiency, liver cirrhosis, fibrosis and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also discuss a few miRNAs that might be targets to treat HCV in cases of HCV/HIV co-infection. Finally, we review methods to deliver miRNA antagonists and mimics to the liver. In the future, it may be possible to design and deliver specific combinations of miRNA antagonists and mimics to cure HCV infection or to limit liver pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Thibault
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Rm 2D01, HSc Bldg, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Abstract
The emergence of RNAi offers a potentially exciting new therapeutic paradigm for respiratory diseases. However, effective delivery remains a key requirement for their translation into the clinic and has been a major factor in the limited clinical success seen to date. Inhalation offers tissue-specific targeting of the RNAi to treat respiratory diseases and a diminished risk of off-target effects. In order to deliver RNAi directly to the respiratory tract via inhalation, ‘smart’ non-viral carriers are required to protect the RNAi during delivery/aerosolization and enhance cell-specific uptake to target cells. Here, we review the state-of-the-art in therapeutic aerosol bioengineering, and specifically non-viral siRNA delivery platforms, for delivery via inhalation. This includes developments in inhaler device engineering and particle engineering, including manufacturing methods and excipients used in therapeutic aerosol bioengineering that underpin the development of smart, cell type-specific delivery systems to target siRNA to respiratory epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages.
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Kapoor M, Burgess DJ. Cellular uptake mechanisms of novel anionic siRNA lipoplexes. Pharm Res 2012; 30:1161-75. [PMID: 23239010 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate cellular uptake pathways of novel anionic siRNA-lipoplexes as a function of formulation composition. METHODS Anionic formulations with anionic lipid/Ca(2+)/siRNA ratio of 1.3/2.5/1 (AF1) and 1.3/0.3/1 (AF2) were utilized. Uptake mechanisms were investigated using uptake inhibition and co-localization approaches in breast cancer cells. Actin-mediated uptake was investigated using actin polymerization and rearrangement assays. Silencing efficiency and endosomal escaping capability of lipoplexes were evaluated. The cationic formulation Lipofectamine-2000 was used as a control. RESULTS Anionic lipoplexes entered the breast cancer cells via endocytosis specifically via macropinocytosis or via both macropinocytosis and HSPG (heparin sulfate proteoglycans) pathways, depending on the Ca(2+)/siRNA ratio. Additionally, uptake of these lipoplexes was both microtubule and actin dependent. The control cationic lipid-siRNA complexes (Lipofectamine-2000) were internalized via both endocytic (phagocytosis, HSPG) and non-endocytic (membrane fusion) pathways. Their uptake was microtubule independent but actin dependent. Silencing efficiency of the AF2 formulation was negligible mainly due to poor endosomal release (rate-limiting step). CONCLUSIONS Formulation composition significantly influences the internalization mechanism of anionic lipoplexes. Uptake mechanism together with formulation bioactivity helped in identification of the rate-limiting steps to efficient siRNA delivery. Such studies are extremely useful for formulation optimization to achieve enhanced intracellular delivery of nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kapoor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, 69 N Eagleville Rd, Unit 3092, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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Pippa N, Pispas S, Demetzos C. The delineation of the morphology of charged liposomal vectors via a fractal analysis in aqueous and biological media: physicochemical and self-assembly studies. Int J Pharm 2012; 437:264-74. [PMID: 22939965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with the physicochemical characterization of DPPC:DPPG (9:1 molar ratio) and DPPC:DODAP (9:1 molar ratio) liposomes, and the determination of their fractal dimension in HPLC-grade water, PBS and in FBS. Light scattering techniques were used in order to extract information on the structure, morphology, size and surface charge of liposomes in an ageing study and their structural response to changes in concentration and temperature. Fluorescence spectroscopy showed that the microviscosity of cationic liposomes changed by an increase of temperature. The fractal dimension, d(f), was found equal to 1.8 for reconstituted DPPC:DPPG (9:1) and DPPC:DODAP (9:1) liposomes in aqueous media. Aggregation of reconstituted DPPC:DPPG (9:1) and DPPC:DODAP (9:1) liposomes in FBS was observed. Their fractal dimensions were 1.46 and 2.45, respectively. The first order aggregation kinetics of DPPC:DODAP (9:1) liposomes in the presence of serum proteins was determined; the aggregates of cationic liposomes with serum components remained stable during 20 days with fractal dimension 2.5. The responsiveness of cationic liposomes to changes in temperature in the three dispersion media has revealed the self-assembly and the morphological complexity of cationic vectors. Finally, we suggest that these studies could be used for developing effective advanced drug delivery nano-systems (aDDnSs) based on their fractal characteristics which effectively draw their morphological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassa Pippa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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Kapoor M, Burgess DJ. Physicochemical characterization of anionic lipid-based ternary siRNA complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:1603-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Physical factors affecting plasmid DNA compaction in stearylamine-containing nanoemulsions intended for gene delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:643-54. [PMID: 24281666 PMCID: PMC3763655 DOI: 10.3390/ph5060643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic lipids have been used in the development of non-viral gene delivery systems as lipoplexes. Stearylamine, a cationic lipid that presents a primary amine group when in solution, is able to compact genetic material by electrostatic interactions. In dispersed systems such as nanoemulsions this lipid anchors on the oil/water interface confering a positive charge to them. The aim of this work was to evaluate factors that influence DNA compaction in cationic nanoemulsions containing stearylamine. The influence of the stearylamine incorporation phase (water or oil), time of complexation, and different incubation temperatures were studied. The complexation rate was assessed by electrophoresis migration on agarose gel 0.7%, and nanoemulsion and lipoplex characterization was done by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The results demonstrate that the best DNA compaction process occurs after 120 min of complexation, at low temperature (4 ± 1 °C), and after incorporation of the cationic lipid into the aqueous phase. Although the zeta potential of lipoplexes was lower than the results found for basic nanoemulsions, the granulometry did not change. Moreover, it was demonstrated that lipoplexes are suitable vehicles for gene delivery.
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Salem AK, Patil SD, Burgess DJ. Recent progress in non-viral nucleic acids delivery. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:1-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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