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Felton LA, Binzet G, Wiley C, McChesney D, McConville J, Ҫelik M, Muttil P. Spray drying Eudragit® E-PO with acetaminophen using 2- and 3-fluid nozzles for taste masking. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124191. [PMID: 38701909 PMCID: PMC11139551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Conventional spray drying using a 2-fluid nozzle forms matrix microparticles, where drug is distributed throughout the particle and may not effectively mask taste. In contrast, spray drying using a 3-fluid nozzle has been reported to encapsulate material. The objective of this study was to spray dry Eudragit® E-PO (EE) with acetaminophen (APAP), a water-soluble model drug with a bitter taste, using 2- and 3-fluid nozzles for taste masking. Spray drying EE with APAP, however, resulted in yields of ≤ 13 %, irrespective of nozzle configuration. Yields improved when Eudragit® L 100-55 (EL) or Methocel® E6 (HPMC) was used in the inner fluid stream of the 3-fluid nozzle or in place of EE for the 2-fluid nozzle. Drug release from microparticles prepared with the 2-fluid nozzle was relatively rapid. Using EE in the outer fluid stream of the 3-fluid nozzle resulted in comparatively slower drug release, although drug release was observed, indicating that encapsulation was incomplete. Results from these studies also show that miscible polymers used in the two fluid streams mix during the spray drying process. In addition, findings from this study indicate that the polymer used in the inner fluid stream can impact drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Felton
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Gülşilan Binzet
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Altınbaş University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Bakırköy 34147 İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cody Wiley
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - David McChesney
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Jason McConville
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Metin Ҫelik
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Pharmaceutical Technologies International, Inc., 22 Durham Rd, Skillman, NJ 08558, USA.
| | - Pavan Muttil
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, MSC09 5360, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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2
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Formulation and Quality Control of Orally Disintegrating Tablets (ODTs): Recent Advances and Perspectives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:6618934. [PMID: 34977245 PMCID: PMC8719989 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6618934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) rapidly disintegrate or dissolve in the oral cavity without using water. Demand for ODTs has increased, and the field has overgrown in the pharmaceutical industry and academia. It is reported that ODTs have several advantages over other conventional tablets. Since some of them are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus as the saliva passes down into the stomach, in such cases, the bioavailability of the drug improves meaningfully. Furthermore, the immediate release property of ODTs makes them a popular oral dosage form in patients with swallowing challenges, children, and for cases with a need for rapid onset of action. The current review article explains the features of active ingredients and excipients used in the formulation of ODTs, discusses multiple ODT formulation and preparation techniques with their merits and demerits, and also, offers remedies for problems associated with ODTs. Moreover, quality control steps and required considerations are presented.
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3
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Development and optimisation of simulated salivary fluid for biorelevant oral cavity dissolution. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 160:125-133. [PMID: 33524535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug release within the oral cavity can be of paramount importance for formulations that are designed for specific purposes such as taste-masking, faster onset of therapeutic action, localization of treatment or avoidance of first-pass metabolism. Preclinical methods for assessment of dissolution in the oral cavity are necessary for design and development of these formulation but currently there is no consensus on what variables should be defined to achieve biorelevance in these tests. In this study, biorelevant simulated salivary fluids (SSFs) that can be uniformly applied for oral cavity dissolution testing were developed. Unstimulated saliva (US) SSF and stimulated saliva (SS) SSF were separately developed since the two states significantly differ. Physicochemical properties including pH, buffer capacity, surface tension and viscosity were assessed during development and optimised to mimic human saliva (HS). In order to account for the salivary proteins in HS, use of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) and porcine gastric mucin (PGM) in SSFs was evaluated. Following optimisation of the SSFs, biorelevance of the developed SSFs to HS was assessed by their comparative physicochemical properties as well as dissolution profiles of three diverse model compounds (sildenafil citrate, efavirenz, and caffeine) which showed comparable profiles between the SSFs and HS. This work addresses the lack of uniformed biorelevant dissolution media for oral cavity dissolution studies and provides a basis for standardised dissolution tests that provide consistency and harmonisation in future oral cavity dissolution studies. We envisage that this will have a positive impact on the development of new medicines that require functionality in the oral cavity.
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4
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Banerjee S, Joshi U, Singh A, Saharan VA. Lipids for Taste masking and Taste assessment in pharmaceutical formulations. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 235:105031. [PMID: 33352198 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical products often have drawbacks of unacceptable taste and palatability which makes it quite difficult for oral administration to some special populations like pediatrics and geriatrics. To curb this issue different approaches like coating, granulation, extrusion, inclusion complexation, ion-exchange resins, etc for taste masking are employed and among them use of lipids have drawn special attention of researchers. Lipids have a lower melting point which is ideal for incorporating drugs in some of these methods like hot-melt extrusion, melt granulation, spray drying/congealing and emulsification. Lipids play a significant role as a barrier to sustain the release of drugs and biocompatible nature of lipids increases their acceptability by the human body. Further, lipids provide vast opportunities of altering pharmacokinetics of the active ingredients by modulating release profiles. In taste sensors, also known as electronic tongue or e-tongue, lipids are used in preparing taste sensing membranes which are subsequently used in preparing taste sensors. Lipid membrane taste sensors have been widely used in assessing taste and palatability of pharmaceutical and food formulations. This review explores applications of lipids in masking the bitter taste in pharmaceutical formulations and significant role of lipids in evaluation of taste and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Banerjee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Ujjwal Joshi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Anupama Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India
| | - Vikas Anand Saharan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Balawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248001, India.
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5
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Guedes MDV, Marques MS, Guedes PC, Contri RV, Kulkamp Guerreiro IC. The use of electronic tongue and sensory panel on taste evaluation of pediatric medicines: a systematic review. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 26:119-137. [PMID: 33274664 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1860088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The palatability of medications is an essential factor for children's adherence to drug treatment. Several methods for drug taste assessment have been developed. The aim of this review is to explore the literature reports of the main methods for the evaluation of medicines taste, named electronic tongue (e-tongue, in vitro) and human sensory panel. A systematic search was performed up to March 2020 and a total of 88 articles were selected. The e-tongue (57.5%) has been more frequently described than the sensory panel (10.3%), while some articles (32.2%) used both techniques. 74.7% of the articles mentioned 'pediatric', 'paediatric' or 'children' in the text, but only 19.5% developed formulations targeting pediatric audience and sensory testing in children is rarely seen. The e-tongue has predominance of use in the taste evaluation of pediatric medicines probably since it is fast, easy to perform and risk free, besides presenting less imprecise data and no fatigue. The human panel is more realistic, despite its intrinsic variability. In this sense, it is proposed the use of e-tongue as a fast way to select the most promising sample(s) and, after that, the sensory panel should be applied in order to confirm the taste masking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgana Souza Marques
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Pablo Cristini Guedes
- Escola de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Renata Vidor Contri
- Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
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6
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A formulation for suppressing bitter taste in the human oral cavity. Physiol Behav 2020; 226:113129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Zhang Y, Shen L, Wang T, Li H, Huang R, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Quan D. Taste masking of water-soluble drug by solid lipid microspheres: a child-friendly system established by reversed lipid-based nanoparticle technique. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:776-786. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
A child-friendly taste-masking strategy using solid lipid microsphere (SLM) has been proposed to obscure the undesirable taste of some water-soluble drugs. In this study, the reversed lipid-based nanoparticle (RLBN) technique was used to encapsulate a water-soluble drug to facilitate the preparation of SLM.
Methods
The model drug used was atomoxetine hydrochloride (ATX), and a three-step method was used to prepare ATX-RLBN. Taste-masking microsphere (ATX-RLBN-SLM) was prepared by the spray chilling method. The drug release mechanism was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, in vitro taste evaluation method was established and ATX bioavailability was investigated employing pharmacokinetic studies.
Key findings
The obtained ATX-RLBN-SLM had smooth spherical particles with a size of about 80 μm. The drug encapsulation and loading efficiencies were 98.28% ± 0.59% and 0.89% ± 0.04%, respectively. In vitro drug release studies showed that nearly 96% drug was retained in the microspheres within 10 min at pH 6.8 and a complete release was triggered by lipase, accompanied by variation in the morphology. Taste assessment revealed that ATX-RLBN-SLM could efficiently mask the bitter taste and improved the bioavailability of ATX.
Conclusions
Atomoxetine hydrochloride-reversed lipid-based nanoparticle-solid lipid microsphere exhibited excellent taste-masking effect with negligible leakage in the oral cavity environment and thorough collapse upon lipase stimulation, simultaneously enhancing the bioavailability of ATX. The study paves a new way to efficiently mask the undesirable taste of some water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Zhang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Liao Shen
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Ri Huang
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Yongan Wang
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqin Quan
- Institutes of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Counter Measures, Beijing, China
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8
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Abstract
Pediatric and geriatric patients experience swallowing difficulties for traditional oral dosage forms, such as tablets. Further, microbial contamination, chemical stability, unpleasant taste and swallowing large volumes of fluids have led to low therapeutic efficacy and patient noncompliance. The emergence of oral thin films has resulted in dramatic improvements in compliance and drug therapy outcomes in pediatric and geriatric patients. Oral thin films do not require water for administration, are readily hydrated upon contact with saliva, adhere to the mucosa and disintegrate ideally under 1 min. This article provides an overview of oral thin films, modern trends in their formulation and characterization, available commercial products, information to fill knowledge gaps and future potential and economic prospects of oral thin film technology, with emphasis on their use in the pediatric and geriatric patient groups.
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9
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Application of biorelevant saliva-based dissolution for optimisation of orally disintegrating formulations of felodipine. Int J Pharm 2019; 555:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Katayama T, Uchida S, Kamiya C, Tanaka S, Kashiwagura Y, Hakamata A, Odagiri K, Inui N, Watanabe H, Namiki N. In Vivo Drug Dissolution in Human Oral Cavity from Orally Disintegrating Tablet and Comparability with in Vitro Testing. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:999-1005. [PMID: 30270246 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We examined the amlodipine dissolution from orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs) in vivo in the human oral cavity. Additionally, 5 different in vitro short dissolution test methods (Tricorptester, magnetic stirrer, rotating injection syringe, paddle apparatus, shaking) were used to evaluate dissolution and the results were compared to those obtained with the human volunteers. Various amlodipine ODTs with different levels of physical masking effectiveness were manufactured using the RACTAB® technique. Quantitative findings showed that amlodipine dissolution from ODT was dependent on time in the oral cavity and the amount of coating applied for physical masking. We also found that dissolution in the oral cavity was best correlated to that in in vitro short dissolution tests with a time period of 30 s. For more detailed evaluations, mean prediction error, mean absolute error, and root mean square error values were calculated, each of which was lowest with the Tricorptester method among all of the investigated test methods. Our results indicate that mimicking of the inside of the human oral cavity is accurate with a testing time of 30 s, while the Tricorptester method was the most preferable of all in vitro tests investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Katayama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka.,Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Division, Central Laboratories, Towa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd
| | - Shinya Uchida
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Chiaki Kamiya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Shimako Tanaka
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Yasuharu Kashiwagura
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Akio Hakamata
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Keiichi Odagiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine.,Center for Clinical Research, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Inui
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Noriyuki Namiki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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11
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12
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Wesoły M, Zabadaj M, Cal K, Ciosek-Skibińska P, Wróblewski W. Dissolution studies of metamizole sodium and pseudoephedrine sulphate dosage forms - comparison and correlation of electronic tongue results with reference studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 149:242-248. [PMID: 29127905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This work reports a critical evaluation of the results of the release of active substances (APIs) from novel pharmaceutical formulations provided by an electronic tongue system (ET). Detailed dissolution studies of modified-release granules used in pharmacotherapy containing metamizole sodium and pseudoephedrine sulphate were carried out. The impact of the dissolution-modifying excipients (carmellose sodium and hypromellose) on the dissolution process as well as on the outcomes of the sensor array of ion-selective electrodes was investigated. The obtained dissolution profiles were compared and correlated with those registered during the reference studies performed according to the pharmacopoeial method. It was pointed out that the proper evaluation of the efficiency of the release modification requires the examination of dosage forms as well as physical mixtures of API and excipient. Moreover, the results obtained using potentiometric ET were complementary to the classical methodology. Their partial inconsistency, remarked during several experiments, should be interpreted with caution owing to simultaneous sensing of APIs and excipients by the sensors and their various performances (i.e. selectivity and sensitivity) towards these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wesoły
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marcin Zabadaj
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Cal
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Gdansk Medical University, Al. Gen. J. Hallera 107, 80-416, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ciosek-Skibińska
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wróblewski
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Korin E, Froumin N, Cohen S. Surface Analysis of Nanocomplexes by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:882-889. [PMID: 33429560 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled nanocomplexes composed of individual molecules that spontaneously connect via noncovalent interactions have recently emerged as versatile alternatives to conventional controlled drug delivery systems because of their unique bioinspired properties (responsiveness, dynamics, etc.). Characterization of such nanocomplexes typically includes their size distribution, surface charge, morphology, drug entrapment efficiency, and verification of the coexistence of labeled components within the nanocomplexes using a colocalization study. Less common is the direct examination of the molecular interactions between the different components in the coassembled nanocomplex, especially in nanocomplexes composed of hygroscopic components, because convenient methods are still lacking. Here, we present a detailed experimental protocol for determining the surface composition and the chemical bonds by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after drying the deposit hygroscopic sample overnight under UHV. We applied this method to investigate the surface chemistry of binary Ca2+-siRNA nanocomplexes and ternary nanocomplexes of hyaluronan-sulfate (HAS)-Ca2+-siRNA, deposited on a wafer. Notably, we showed that the protocol can be implemented to study the surface composition and interactions of the deposited nanocomplexes with a traditional XPS instrument, and it requires only a relatively small amount of the nanocomplex suspension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Korin
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, ‡Department of Materials Engineering, §The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and ∥Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Natalya Froumin
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, §The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and ∥Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Smadar Cohen
- Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Department of Materials Engineering, The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, and ∥Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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14
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Kääriäinen TO, Kemell M, Vehkamäki M, Kääriäinen ML, Correia A, Santos HA, Bimbo LM, Hirvonen J, Hoppu P, George SM, Cameron DC, Ritala M, Leskelä M. Surface modification of acetaminophen particles by atomic layer deposition. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:160-174. [PMID: 28432020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are predominantly organic solid powders. Due to their bulk properties many APIs require processing to improve pharmaceutical formulation and manufacturing in the preparation for various drug dosage forms. Improved powder flow and protection of the APIs are often anticipated characteristics in pharmaceutical manufacturing. In this work, we have modified acetaminophen particles with atomic layer deposition (ALD) by conformal nanometer scale coatings in a one-step coating process. According to the results, ALD, utilizing common chemistries for Al2O3, TiO2 and ZnO, is shown to be a promising coating method for solid pharmaceutical powders. Acetaminophen does not undergo degradation during the ALD coating process and maintains its stable polymorphic structure. Acetaminophen with nanometer scale ALD coatings shows slowed drug release. ALD TiO2 coated acetaminophen particles show cytocompatibility whereas those coated with thicker ZnO coatings exhibit the most cytotoxicity among the ALD materials under study when assessed in vitro by their effect on intestinal Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi O Kääriäinen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; NovaldMedical Ltd Oy, Telkäntie 5, 82500 Kitee, Finland.
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Vehkamäki
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja-Leena Kääriäinen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; NovaldMedical Ltd Oy, Telkäntie 5, 82500 Kitee, Finland
| | - Alexandra Correia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis M Bimbo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni Hirvonen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pekka Hoppu
- NovaldMedical Ltd Oy, Telkäntie 5, 82500 Kitee, Finland
| | - Steven M George
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - David C Cameron
- R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modification, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mikko Ritala
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Almukainzi M, Gabr R, Abdelhamid G, Löbenberg R. Mechanistic understanding of the effect of renal impairment on metformin oral absorption using computer simulations. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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16
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Lin Z, Zhang Q, Liu R, Gao X, Zhang L, Kang B, Shi J, Wu Z, Gui X, Li X. Evaluation of the Bitterness of Traditional Chinese Medicines using an E-Tongue Coupled with a Robust Partial Least Squares Regression Method. SENSORS 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 26821026 PMCID: PMC4801529 DOI: 10.3390/s16020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
To accurately, safely, and efficiently evaluate the bitterness of Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs), a robust predictor was developed using robust partial least squares (RPLS) regression method based on data obtained from an electronic tongue (e-tongue) system. The data quality was verified by the Grubb’s test. Moreover, potential outliers were detected based on both the standardized residual and score distance calculated for each sample. The performance of RPLS on the dataset before and after outlier detection was compared to other state-of-the-art methods including multivariate linear regression, least squares support vector machine, and the plain partial least squares regression. Both R2 and root-mean-squares error (RMSE) of cross-validation (CV) were recorded for each model. With four latent variables, a robust RMSECV value of 0.3916 with bitterness values ranging from 0.63 to 4.78 were obtained for the RPLS model that was constructed based on the dataset including outliers. Meanwhile, the RMSECV, which was calculated using the models constructed by other methods, was larger than that of the RPLS model. After six outliers were excluded, the performance of all benchmark methods markedly improved, but the difference between the RPLS model constructed before and after outlier exclusion was negligible. In conclusion, the bitterness of TCM decoctions can be accurately evaluated with the RPLS model constructed using e-tongue data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaozhou Lin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Municipal Health Bureau, Beijing 100035, China.
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qiao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- The Level Three Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medical Preparation of State Administration of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of TCM of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Xiaojie Gao
- School of pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- The Level Three Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medical Preparation of State Administration of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of TCM of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Bingya Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- The Level Three Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medical Preparation of State Administration of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of TCM of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Junhan Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- The Level Three Laboratory of Chinese Traditional Medical Preparation of State Administration of TCM, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Diseases Prevention and Treatment of TCM of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
| | - Zidan Wu
- School of pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
| | - Xinjing Gui
- School of pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
| | - Xuelin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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Newman J, O'Riordan D, Jacquier J, O'Sullivan M. Masking of bitterness in dairy protein hydrolysates: Comparison of an electronic tongue and a trained sensory panel as means of directing the masking strategy. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Yuan J, Wang B, Han C, Lu X, Sun W, Wang D, Lu J, Zhao J, Zhang C, Xie Y. In vitro comparison of three rifampicin loading methods in a reinforced porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:174. [PMID: 25820665 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The antibiotic compound, rifampicin (RFP), was loaded into porous reinforced β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffolds using three different solution adsorption methods. This resulted in drug delivery systems (DDS) generated by vacuum adsorption (VA), dynamic adsorption (DA), and static adsorption (SA). In vitro examination of the drug loading and release profiles of the DDS indicated that the unit mass of RFP loaded into the scaffold by the VA method (0.44 mg/g) was higher than that achieved by SA (0.42 mg/g) or DA (0.38 mg/g) (P < 0.05). The mechanical strength had no significant change after RFP-loading (P > 0.05). Moreover, there were no significant differences among the mechanical strength of three β-TCP DDS generated by loading RFP using SA, DA, and VA (P > 0.05). In vitro release testing showed an initial burst release of RFP from the three different DDS within the first 3 h and in the first 51 h, the cumulative release of RFP from VA-DDS, DA-DDS, and SA-DDS had reached 56.2, 83.6, and 88.6 %, respectively. Complete RFP release had occurred from VA-DDS, DA-DDS, and SA-DDS after 23, 17, and 15 days, respectively. As the VA-DDS method showed improved RFP loading and a more sustained drug release, this method is recommended for solution adsorption drug loading into porous β-TCP scaffolds to form a DDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
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Coupland JN, Hayes JE. Physical approaches to masking bitter taste: lessons from food and pharmaceuticals. Pharm Res 2014; 31:2921-39. [PMID: 25205460 PMCID: PMC4898047 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-014-1480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many drugs and desirable phytochemicals are bitter, and bitter tastes are aversive. Food and pharmaceutical manufacturers share a common need for bitterness-masking strategies that allow them to deliver useful quantities of the active compounds in an acceptable form and in this review we compare and contrast the challenges and approaches by researchers in both fields. We focus on physical approaches, i.e., micro- or nano-structures to bind bitter compounds in the mouth, yet break down to allow release after they are swallowed. In all of these methods, the assumption is the degree of bitterness suppression depends on the concentration of bitterant in the saliva and hence the proportion that is bound. Surprisingly, this hypothesis has only rarely been fully tested using a combination of adequate human sensory trials and measurements of binding. This is especially true in pharmaceutical systems, perhaps due to the greater experimental challenges in sensory analysis of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Coupland
- Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, 337 Food Science Building, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA,
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Kharb V, Saharan VA, Kharb V, Jadhav H, Purohit S. Formulation and evaluation of lipid based taste masked granules of ondansetron HCl. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 62:180-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pein M, Preis M, Eckert C, Kiene FE. Taste-masking assessment of solid oral dosage forms--a critical review. Int J Pharm 2014; 465:239-54. [PMID: 24509066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to improve the taste of oral dosage forms that contain unpleasant tasting drugs are versatile. Likewise, the analytical in vitro and in vivo methods to assess taste-masking efficacy are diverse. Taste-masking has gained in importance since the EU legislation on medicines for children came into force in 2007, and taste-masking attributes are often required by regulatory authorities. However, standardized guidance for the analytical evaluation is still poor. Published protocols rarely consider real conditions, such as the volume of saliva or the residence time of solid oral dosage forms in the mouth. Methodological limitations and problems regarding time point of evaluation, sampling or sample pretreatment are hardly ever addressed. This critical review aims to evaluate and discuss published strategies in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Pein
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Maren Preis
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Carolin Eckert
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Florian E Kiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Use of calcium caseinate in association with lecithin for masking the bitterness of acetaminophen—Comparative study with sodium caseinate. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:382-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Hoang Thi TH, Lemdani M, Flament MP. Optimizing the taste-masked formulation of acetaminophen using sodium caseinate and lecithin by experimental design. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:408-15. [PMID: 23747505 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study of ours, the association of sodium caseinate and lecithin was demonstrated to be promising for masking the bitterness of acetaminophen via drug encapsulation. The encapsulating mechanisms were suggested to be based on the segregation of multicomponent droplets occurring during spray-drying. The spray-dried particles delayed the drug release within the mouth during the early time upon administration and hence masked the bitterness. Indeed, taste-masking is achieved if, within the frame of 1-2 min, drug substance is either not released or the released amount is below the human threshold for identifying its bad taste. The aim of this work was (i) to evaluate the effect of various processing and formulation parameters on the taste-masking efficiency and (ii) to determine the optimal formulation for optimal taste-masking effect. Four investigated input variables included inlet temperature (X1), spray flow (X2), sodium caseinate amount (X3) and lecithin amount (X4). The percentage of drug release amount during the first 2 min was considered as the response variable (Y). A 2(4)-full factorial design was applied and allowed screening for the most influential variables i.e. sodium caseinate amount and lecithin amount. Optimizing these two variables was therefore conducted by a simplex approach. The SEM and DSC results of spray-dried powder prepared under optimal conditions showed that drug seemed to be well encapsulated. The drug release during the first 2 min significantly decreased, 7-fold less than the unmasked drug particles. Therefore, the optimal formulation that performed the best taste-masking effect was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huong Hoang Thi
- Université Lille Nord de France, College of Pharmacy, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP 83, 59006 Lille Cedex, France
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