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Rietveld IB, Akiba H, Yamamuro O, Barrio M, Céolin R, Tamarit JL. The Phase Diagram of the API Benzocaine and Its Highly Persistent, Metastable Crystalline Polymorphs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051549. [PMID: 37242790 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of sufficient amounts of form I of benzocaine has led to the investigation of its phase relationships with the other two existing forms, II and III, using adiabatic calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, and high-pressure differential thermal analysis. The latter two forms were known to have an enantiotropic phase relationship in which form III is stable at low-temperatures and high-pressures, while form II is stable at room temperature with respect to form III. Using adiabatic calorimetry data, it can be concluded, that form I is the stable low-temperature, high-pressure form, which also happens to be the most stable form at room temperature; however, due to its persistence at room temperature, form II is still the most convenient polymorph to use in formulations. Form III presents a case of overall monotropy and does not possess any stability domain in the pressure-temperature phase diagram. Heat capacity data for benzocaine have been obtained by adiabatic calorimetry from 11 K to 369 K above its melting point, which can be used to compare to results from in silico crystal structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B Rietveld
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 217-8581, Chiba, Japan
- Université Rouen Normandie, SMS, UR 3233, F-76000 Rouen, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Hiroshi Akiba
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 217-8581, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamamuro
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 217-8581, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maria Barrio
- Group de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - René Céolin
- Group de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluís Tamarit
- Group de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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2
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Bauer M, Lacoulonche F, Céolin R, Barrio M, Khichane I, Robert B, Tamarit JL, Rietveld IB. On the dimorphism of prednisolone: The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram involving forms I and II. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:122047. [PMID: 35902055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
The dimorphism of the corticosteroid anti-inflammatory drug prednisolone has been investigated by the construction of a topological pressure-temperature phase diagram, using crystallographic and calorimetric data. The system is enantiotropic, because the temperature of the I-II equilibrium under atmospheric conditions (400 - 463 K) is lower than that of the two melting equilibria (518.7 K for form II and 526.3 K for form I). The slope of the I-II equilibrium in the pressure-temperature phase diagram is negative and relatively steep; therefore, form II, which is the stable form at room temperature, will not easily encounter conditions where form I will become stable even under industrial processing conditions. On the other hand, extreme small amounts of form I have been observed to spontaneously transform into form II in a time interval of about six years at room temperature and it can be concluded that although form I is very persistent under ambient conditions, it does slowly convert into form II. Moreover, the system does not obey the density rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bauer
- Sanofi R&D, Early Development France, Physical & Chemical Characterization, Physical Characterization, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | | | - R Céolin
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - M Barrio
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - I Khichane
- Sanofi R&D, Early Development France, Physical & Chemical Characterization, Physical Characterization, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - B Robert
- Sanofi R&D, Early Development France, Physical & Chemical Characterization, Physical Characterization, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - J-Ll Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterizació de Materials, Departament de Fisica, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia
| | - I B Rietveld
- Université Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire SMS - UR 3233, Université de Rouen, F 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, 75006, Paris, France.
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3
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Li K, Gbabode G, Vergé-Depré M, Robert B, Barrio M, Itié JP, Tamarit JL, Rietveld IB. The pressure–temperature phase diagram of tetramorphic pyrazinamide. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
All four pyrazinamide polymorphs possess a stable domain under ordinary pressure; α is the stable form at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangli Li
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Rouen Normandie, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Gabin Gbabode
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Rouen Normandie, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marine Vergé-Depré
- Sanofi R&D, Global Chemical Manufacturing and Controls/Synthetics Platform/Early Development Department, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Benoit Robert
- Sanofi R&D, Global Chemical Manufacturing and Controls/Synthetics Platform/Early Development Department, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Itié
- Beamline Psiché, Synchrotron SOLEIL – L'Orme des Merisiers Saint-Aubin – BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ivo B. Rietveld
- Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, UFR des Sciences et Techniques, Universite de Rouen Normandie, Place Emile Blondel, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Boldyreva
- Novosibirsk State University ul. Pirogova, 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences Lavrentieva ave., 5 Novosibirsk 630090 Russian Federation
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5
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Rietveld IB, Allouchi H, Barrio M, Ceolin R, Tamarit JL. Polymorphism of benzylthiouracil, an active pharmaceutical ingredient against hyperthyroidism. Int J Pharm 2021; 598:120378. [PMID: 33581273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of dimorphic benzylthiouracil, a drug against hyperthyroidism, have been redetermined and the atom coordinates of the two independent molecules of form I have been obtained for the first time. The dimorphism convincingly demonstrates the conformational versatility of the benzylthiouracil molecule. It has been established through calorimetric studies that the low-temperature form II transforms endothermically (ΔII→IH = 5.6(1.5) J g-1) into form I at 405.4(1.0) K. The high-temperature form I melts at 496.8(1.0) K (ΔI→LH = 152.6(4.0) J g-1). Crystallographic and thermal expansion studies show that form II is denser than form I, leading to the conclusion that the slope of the II-I equilibrium curve in the pressure-temperature phase diagram is positive. It follows that this dimorphism corresponds to a case of overall enantiotropic behaviour, which implies that both solid phases possess their own stable phase region irrespective of the pressure. Moreover, form II is clearly the stable polymorph under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B Rietveld
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire SMS - EA 3233, Université de Rouen, F 76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 4 avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Hassan Allouchi
- EA7502 SIMBA: Synthèse et Isolement de Mol écules BioActives, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - René Ceolin
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
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6
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Cheuk D, Svärd M, Rasmuson ÅC. Thermodynamics of the Enantiotropic Pharmaceutical Compound Benzocaine and Solubility in Pure Organic Solvents. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3370-3377. [PMID: 32777220 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic relationship between FI and FII of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate (benzocaine) has been investigated. Slurry conversion experiments show that the transition temperature below which FI is stable is located between 302 K-303 K (29 °C-30 °C). The polymorphs FI and FII have been characterised by infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isobaric solid state heat capacities have been measured by DSC. The quantitative thermodynamic stability relationship has been determined in a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the calorimetric data. The solubility of both polymorphs has been determined in eight pure organic solvents over the temperature range 278 K-323 K by a gravimetric method. The mole fraction solubility of benzocaine decreases in the order: 1,4-dioxane, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, acetonitrile, methanol, n-butanol and toluene. Comparison with the determined activity of solid benzocaine forms shows that negative deviation from Raoult's law ideality is found in dioxane, acetone and ethyl acetate solutions, and positive deviation in solutions of the other investigated solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Cheuk
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Ireland
| | - Michael Svärd
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Åke C Rasmuson
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre, Department of Chemical and Environmental Science, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Ireland; Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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Céolin R, Allouchi H, Rietveld IB. On the dimorphism and the pressure-temperature state diagram of gestodene, a steroidal progestogen contraceptive. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2020; 78:303-309. [PMID: 32444029 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pressure-temperature phase diagram of the dimorphism of the contraceptive drug gestodene is constructed using the temperature and enthalpy of fusion of form I (469.5K, 107Jg-1), and those of the endothermic transition from form II to form I (311K, 8.52Jg-1). At ordinary pressure, the sign of the enthalpy of this transition indicates that these polymorphs are enantiotropically related and that form II, whose melting temperature is calculated to be about 452K, is the stable form at room temperature. Considering the inequality in the specific volumes of the two polymorphs, it is shown that the two forms remain enantiotropically related on increasing pressure, because the I-II equilibrium and the melting equilibria I-L and II-L diverge as a consequence of the negative slope dP/dT of the solid-solid equilibrium. In addition, it is demonstrated that the heats of dissolution, inferred from solubility measurements, lead to virtually the same value of the heat of transition from II to I as for the differential scanning calorimetry measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Céolin
- LETIAM, EA7357, IUT Orsay, Université Paris-Sud, rue Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - H Allouchi
- Laboratoire SIMBA-EA 7502, Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, 31, avenue Monge, 37200 Tours, France
| | - I B Rietveld
- Laboratoire SMS - EA 3233, Université de Rouen-Normandie, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France; Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Paris, 4, avenue de l'observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
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Umerska A, Bialek K, Zotova J, Skotnicki M, Tajber L. Anticrystal Engineering of Ketoprofen and Ester Local Anesthetics: Ionic Liquids or Deep Eutectic Mixtures? Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040368. [PMID: 32316479 PMCID: PMC7237996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic mixtures (DEMs) are potential solutions to the problems of low solubility, polymorphism, and low bioavailability of drugs. The aim of this work was to develop and investigate ketoprofen (KET)-based ILs/DEMs containing an ester local anesthetic (LA): benzocaine (BEN), procaine (PRO) and tetracaine (TET) as the second component. ILs/DEMs were prepared via a mechanosynthetic process that involved the mixing of KET with an LA in a range of molar ratios and applying a thermal treatment. After heating above the melting point and quench cooling, the formation of supercooled liquids with Tgs that were dependent on the composition was observed for all KET-LA mixtures with exception of that containing 95 mol% of BEN. The KET-LA mixtures containing either ≥ 60 mol% BEN or 95 mol% of TET showed crystallization to BEN and TET, respectively, during either cooling or second heating. KET decreased the crystallization tendency of BEN and TET and increased their glass-forming ability. The KET-PRO systems showed good glass-forming ability and did not crystallize either during the cooling or during the second heating cycle irrespective of the composition. Infrared spectroscopy and molecular modeling indicated that KET and LAs formed DEMs, but in the KET-PRO systems small quantities of carboxylate anions were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Umerska
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; (A.U.); (K.B.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Klaudia Bialek
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; (A.U.); (K.B.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Julija Zotova
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; (A.U.); (K.B.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Marcin Skotnicki
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; (A.U.); (K.B.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lidia Tajber
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; (A.U.); (K.B.); (J.Z.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-896-2787
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9
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Li K, Gbabode G, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Vergé-Depré M, Robert B, Rietveld IB. The phase relationship between the pyrazinamide polymorphs α and γ. Int J Pharm 2020; 580:119230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Cheuk D, Zeglinski J, Krishnaraj R, Rasmuson ÅC. Influence of solvent on crystal nucleation of benzocaine. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the solvent in nucleation of benzocaine FII was explored by measuring nucleation induction times, probing solvent–solute interactions with spectroscopy and modelling the strength of solvent–solute intermolecular interactions using DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Cheuk
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- Bernal Institute
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Science
- University of Limerick
- Limerick V94 T9PX
| | - Jacek Zeglinski
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- Bernal Institute
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Science
- University of Limerick
- Limerick V94 T9PX
| | - Renuka Krishnaraj
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- Bernal Institute
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Science
- University of Limerick
- Limerick V94 T9PX
| | - Åke C. Rasmuson
- Synthesis and Solid State Pharmaceutical Centre (SSPC)
- Bernal Institute
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Science
- University of Limerick
- Limerick V94 T9PX
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Nicolaï B, Barrio M, Lloveras P, Polian A, Itié JP, Tamarit JL, Rietveld IB. A thermodynamically consistent phase diagram of a trimorphic pharmaceutical, l-tyrosine ethyl ester, based on limited experimental data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:24074-24087. [PMID: 30204172 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01813h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline polymorphs possess different physical properties, and phase changes between those polymorphs may affect the properties of engineered materials such as drugs. This is very well illustrated by the large effort that is put into the capability to predict phase behaviour of pharmaceuticals to avoid the unexpected appearance of different crystal forms. Much progress has been made, but one of the remaining challenges is (the accuracy in) the prediction of phase behaviour as a function of temperature. Obviously, predictions should at a certain point be verified against experimental data; however, it may not always be easy to elucidate the phase behaviour of a given compound experimentally, because thermodynamically and kinetically controlled phenomena occur in a convoluted fashion in experimental data. The present paper discusses the trimorphism of l-tyrosine ethyl ester as an example case of how experimental data in combination with the thermodynamic tenets lead to a consistent phase diagram, which can be used as the basis for pharmaceutical formulations and for comparison with polymorph predictions by computer. The positions of the two-phase equilibria I-II, I-III, and I-L have been obtained experimentally. Using the Clapeyron equation and the alternation rule, it has been shown how the positions of the other equilibria II-L, III-L, and II-III can be deduced in combination with the stability rankings of the phases and the phase equilibria. The experimental data have been obtained by synchrotron X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and thermal analysis as a function of pressure and temperature. Furthermore, laboratory X-ray diffraction as a function of temperature and differential scanning calorimetry have been used. At room temperature, form II is the most stable phase, which remains stable with increasing pressure, as it possesses the smallest specific volume. Form I becomes stable above 33 °C (306 K), but with increasing pressure it turns into form III. On thermodynamic grounds, form III is expected to have a stable domain at very low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Nicolaï
- Université Paris Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, UMR8612 Institut Gallien, 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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12
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Paczkowska M, Wiergowska G, Miklaszewski A, Krause A, Mroczkowka M, Zalewski P, Cielecka-Piontek J. The Analysis of the Physicochemical Properties of Benzocaine Polymorphs. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071737. [PMID: 30013003 PMCID: PMC6099396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was a pioneering attempt to assess the influence of the structural polymorphism (forms I, II, III) of benzocaine on its solubility, apparent solubility, and chemical stability, which are vital parameters for preformulation and formulation work. The impact of differences in the solubility of selected polymorphs of benzocaine on their permeability through artificial biological membranes (PAMPA system) was evaluated. The polymorphs of benzocaine were obtained by means of techniques commonly used for the preparation of various pharmaceutical dosage forms: ball milling, micro milling, and cryogenic grinding, which allowed for the appearance or preservation of form III, the initial conformation of benzocaine. Ball milling resulted in the conversion of form III to I, whereas micro milling yielded form II. As a result of cryogenic grinding, form III of benzocaine was preserved. The identification of all polymorphic forms of benzocaine was confirmed via X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) supported by FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The differences in solubility, dissolution, and permeability through artificial biological membranes resulting from the polymorphic forms of benzocaine were established by using chromatographic determinations. Accelerated stability tests indicated that all polymorphic forms were chemically stable at a required level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Paczkowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Wiergowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
- Pozlab sp.z.o.o., 60-775 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Miklaszewski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Magdalena Mroczkowka
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zalewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-781 Poznan, Poland.
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13
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Barrio M, Huguet J, Robert B, Rietveld IB, Céolin R, Tamarit JL. Pressure-temperature phase diagram of the dimorphism of the anti-inflammatory drug nimesulide. Int J Pharm 2017; 525:54-59. [PMID: 28411142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the phase behavior of active pharmaceutical ingredients is important for formulations of dosage forms and regulatory reasons. Nimesulide is an anti-inflammatory drug that is known to exhibit dimorphism; however up to now its stability behavior was not clear, as few thermodynamic data were available. Therefore, calorimetric melting data have been obtained, which were found to be TI-L=422.4±1.0K, ΔI→LH=117.5±5.2Jg-1,TII-L=419.8±1.0K and ΔII→LH=108.6±3.3Jg-1. In addition, vapor-pressure data, high-pressure melting data, and specific volumes have been obtained. It is demonstrated that form II is intrinsically monotropic in relation to form I and the latter would thus be the best polymorph to use for drug formulations. This result has been obtained by experimental means, involving high-pressure measurements. Furthermore, it has been shown that with very limited experimental and statistical data, the same conclusion can be obtained, demonstrating that in first instance topological pressure-temperature phase diagrams can be obtained without necessarily measuring any high-pressure data. It provides a quick method to verify the phase behavior of the known phases of an active pharmaceutical ingredient under different pressure and temperature conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bèsos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Huguet
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bèsos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - B Robert
- Sanofi R&D, Pharmaceutics Development Platform/Analytical Sciences/Solid State Group, 13 quai Jules Guesde, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - I B Rietveld
- Normandie Université, Laboratoire SMS-EA3233, Université de Rouen, F76821, Mont Saint Aignan, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, USPC, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - R Céolin
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bèsos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; LETIAM, EA7357, IUT Orsay, Université Paris Sud, rue Noetzlin, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - J Ll Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, EEBE and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Campus Diagonal-Bèsos, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Céolin R, Rietveld I. The topological phase diagram of cimetidine: A case of overall monotropy. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2017; 75:89-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Faroongsarng D. Theoretical Aspects of Differential Scanning Calorimetry as a Tool for the Studies of Equilibrium Thermodynamics in Pharmaceutical Solid Phase Transitions. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:572-7. [PMID: 27091667 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is a non-equilibrium technique, it has been used to gain energetic information that involves phase equilibria. DSC has been widely used to characterize the equilibrium melting parameters of small organic pharmaceutical compounds. An understanding of how DSC measures an equilibrium event could make for a better interpretation of the results. The aim of this mini-review was to provide a theoretical insight into the DSC measurement to obtain the equilibrium thermodynamics of a phase transition especially the melting process. It was demonstrated that the heat quantity obtained from the DSC thermogram (ΔH) was related to the thermodynamic enthalpy of the phase transition (ΔH (P) ) via: ΔH = ΔH (P) /(1 + K (- 1)) where K was the equilibrium constant. In melting, the solid and liquefied phases presumably coexist resulting in a null Gibbs free energy that produces an infinitely larger K. Thus, ΔH could be interpreted as ΔH (P). Issues of DSC investigations on melting behavior of crystalline solids including polymorphism, degradation impurity due to heating in situ, and eutectic melting were discussed. In addition, DSC has been a tool for determination of the impurity based on an ideal solution of the melt that is one of the official methods used to establish the reference standard.
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16
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The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram and crystal structures of the dimorphic system spiperone. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2016; 74:129-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Robert B, Perrin MA, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Coquerel G, Ceolin R, Rietveld IB. Crystal Structures and Phase Relationships of 2 Polymorphs of 1,4-Diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-4-Carboxylic Acid 4-Bromophenyl Ester Fumarate, A Selective α-7 Nicotinic Receptor Partial Agonist. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:64-70. [PMID: 26852840 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two polymorphs of the 1:1 fumarate salt of 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane-4-carboxylic acid 4-bromophenyl ester, developed for the treatment of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease, have been characterized. The 2 crystal structures have been solved, and their phase relationships have been established. The space group of form I is P2₁/c with a unit-cell volume of 1811.6 (5) Å(3) with Z = 4. The crystals of form I were 2-component nonmerohedral twins. The space group of form II is P2₁/n with a unit-cell volume of 1818.6 (3) Å(3) with Z = 4. Relative stabilities have been inferred from experimental and topological P-T diagrams exhibiting an overall enantiotropic relationship between forms I and II although the solid-solid transition has never been observed. The slope of the I-II equilibrium in the P-T diagram is negative, form II is the stable phase below the solid-solid transition temperature of 371 K, and form I exhibits a stable melting equilibrium. The I-II transition temperature has been obtained from the intersection of the sublimation curves of the 2 solid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Robert
- Normandie University, SMS EA3233, University of Rouen, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France; Sanofi R&D, Lead Generation and Compound Realization/Analytical Sciences/Solid State group, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Marc-Antoine Perrin
- Sanofi R&D, Lead Generation and Compound Realization/Analytical Sciences/Solid State group, F-94400 Vitry sur Seine, France
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials (GCM), Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluis Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials (GCM), Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gérard Coquerel
- Normandie University, SMS EA3233, University of Rouen, rue Lucien Tesnière, 76821, Mont Saint Aignan Cedex, France
| | - René Ceolin
- Caractérisation des Matériaux à Activité Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ivo B Rietveld
- Caractérisation des Matériaux à Activité Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France.
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Céolin R, Rietveld IB. X-ray crystallography, an essential tool for the determination of thermodynamic relationships between crystalline polymorphs. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2016; 74:12-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Stability hierarchy between Piracetam forms I, II, and III from experimental pressure–temperature diagrams and topological inferences. Int J Pharm 2016; 497:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Rietveld IB, Céolin R. Rotigotine: Unexpected Polymorphism with Predictable Overall Monotropic Behavior. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4117-4122. [PMID: 26343810 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Crystallization of polymorphs still has a touch of art, as even prior observations of polymorphs do not guarantee their crystallization. However, once crystals of various polymorphs have been obtained, their relative stabilities can be established with a straightforward thermodynamic approach even if the conclusion will depend on the quality of the experimental data. Rotigotine is an active pharmaceutical ingredient, which has suffered the same setback as Ritonavir: a sudden appearance of a more stable crystalline polymorph than the one used for the formulation. Although the cause of the defect in the formulation was quickly established, the interpretation of the phase behavior of rotigotine has been lacking in clarity. In the present paper, data published in the patents resulting from the discovery of the new polymorph have been used to establish the pressure-temperature phase diagram of the two known solid forms of rotigotine. The analysis clearly demonstrates that form II is the stable solid phase and form I is metastable in the entire pressure-temperature domain: form I is overall monotropic in relation to form II. Thus, it was a sensible decision of European Medicines Agency to ask for a reformulation, as the first formulation was metastable even if crystallization appeared to be very slow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo B Rietveld
- Caractérisation des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Paris 75006, France.
| | - René Céolin
- LETIAM, IUT d'Orsay, Université Paris Sud 11, Orsay 91400, France
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21
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Gana I, Barrio M, Ghaddar C, Nicolaï B, Do B, Tamarit JL, Safta F, Rietveld IB. An Integrated View of the Influence of Temperature, Pressure, and Humidity on the Stability of Trimorphic Cysteamine Hydrochloride. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2276-88. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500830n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inès Gana
- Caractérisation
des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité
Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire
de chimie analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, rue Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials (GCM), Departament de Física
i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Ghaddar
- Etablissement
Pharmaceutique de l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de
Paris, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé, 7, rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Nicolaï
- Caractérisation
des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité
Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Bernard Do
- Etablissement
Pharmaceutique de l’Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de
Paris, Agence Générale des Equipements et Produits de Santé, 7, rue du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Josep-Lluís Tamarit
- Grup
de Caracterització de Materials (GCM), Departament de Física
i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fathi Safta
- Laboratoire
de chimie analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir, rue Ibn Sina, 5000 Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Ivo B. Rietveld
- Caractérisation
des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité
Thérapeutique (CAMMAT), Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris Descartes, 4, Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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Nicolaï B, Itié JP, Barrio M, Tamarit JL, Rietveld IB. Thermodynamics by synchrotron X-ray diffraction: phase relationships and crystal structure of l-tyrosine ethyl ester form III. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structure, transition enthalpy and equilibrium curve were obtained by X-ray diffraction for the commercial form and a new crystalline high-pressure form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Nicolaï
- Caractérisation des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité Thérapeutique (CAMMAT)
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université Paris Descartes
- Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Itié
- Beamline Psiché
- Synchrotron SOLEIL
- BP 48 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Maria Barrio
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials (GCM)
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep-Lluìs Tamarit
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials (GCM)
- Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- ETSEIB
- 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivo B. Rietveld
- Caractérisation des Matériaux Moléculaires à Activité Thérapeutique (CAMMAT)
- Faculté de Pharmacie
- Université Paris Descartes
- Paris, France
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Céolin R, Rietveld I. The topological pressure-temperature phase diagram of ritonavir, an extraordinary case of crystalline dimorphism. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2015; 73:22-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Tamarit J, Rietveld I, Barrio M, Céolin R. The relationship between orientational disorder and pressure: The case study of succinonitrile. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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