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Khan O, Bhawale R, Vasave R, Mehra NK. Ionic liquid-based formulation approaches for enhanced transmucosal drug delivery. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104109. [PMID: 39032809 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of ionic liquids (ILs) in pharmaceutical drug delivery applications has seen significant expansion in recent years, owing to their distinctive characteristics and inherent adjustability. These innovative compounds can be used to tackle challenges associated with traditional dosage forms, such as polymorphism, inadequate solubility, permeability, and efficacy in topical drug delivery systems. Here, we provide a brief classification of ILs, and their effectiveness in augmenting transmucosal drug delivery approaches by improving the solubility and permeability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) by temporary mucus modulation aiding the paracellular transport of APIs, prolonging drug retention, and, thus, aiding controlled drug release across various mucosal surfaces. We also highlight potential advances in, and future perspectives of, IL-based formulations in mucosal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Khan
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rohit Bhawale
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ravindra Vasave
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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2
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Ruchika, Khan N, Dogra SS, Saneja A. The dawning era of oral thin films for nutraceutical delivery: From laboratory to clinic. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 73:108362. [PMID: 38615985 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Oral thin films (OTFs) are innovative dosage forms that have gained tremendous attention for the delivery of nutraceuticals. They are ultra-thin, flexible sheets that can be easily placed on the tongue, sublingual or buccal mucosa (inner lining of the cheek). These thin films possess several advantages for nutraceutical delivery including ease of administration, rapid disintegration, fast absorption, rapid onset of action, bypass first-pass hepatic metabolism, accurate dosing, enhanced stability, portability, discreetness, dose flexibility and most importantly consumer acceptance. This review highlights the utilization OTFs for nutraceutical delivery, their composition, criteria for excipient selection, methods of development and quality-based design (QbD) approach to achieve quality product. We have also provided recent case studies representing OTFs as promising platform in delivery of nutraceuticals (plant extracts, bioactive molecules, vitamins, minerals and protein/peptides) and probiotics. Finally, we provided advancement in technologies, recent patents, market analysis, challenges and future perspectives associated with this unique dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchika
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shagun Sanjivv Dogra
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ankit Saneja
- Dietetics and Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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3
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Chen Y, Zhang L, Xu J, Xu S, Li Y, Sun R, Huang J, Peng J, Gong Z, Wang J, Tang L. Development of a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/polyacrylic acid interpolymer complex formulated buccal mucosa adhesive film to facilitate the delivery of insulin for diabetes treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131876. [PMID: 38685543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Buccal mucosa administration is a promising method for insulin (INS) delivery with good compliance. However, buccal mucosa delivery systems still face challenges of long-term mucosal adhesion, sustained drug release, and mucosal drug penetration. To address these issues, a double-layer film consisting of a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/polyacrylic acid interpolymer complex (IPC)-formulated mucoadhesive layer and an ethylcellulose (EC)-formulated waterproof backing layer (IPC/EC film) was designed. Protamine (PTM) and INS were co-loaded in the mucoadhesive layer of the IPC/EC film (PTM-INS-IPC/EC film). In ex vivo studies with porcine buccal mucosa, this film exhibited robust adhesion, with an adhesion force of 120.2 ± 20.3 N/m2 and an adhesion duration of 491 ± 45 min. PTM has been shown to facilitate INS mucosal transfer. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the PTM-INS-IPC/EC film significantly improved the absorption of INS, exhibiting a 1.45 and 2.24-fold increase in the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) compared to the INS-IPC/EC film and free INS, respectively. Moreover, the PTM-INS-IPC/EC film effectively stabilized the blood glucose levels of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats with post oral glucose administration, maintaining lower glucose levels for approximately 8 h. Hence, the PTM-INS-IPC/EC film provides a promising noninvasive INS delivery system for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Jinzhuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Shan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Runbin Sun
- Phase I Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Jianqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China
| | - Zipeng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China; Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
| | - Jianta Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
| | - Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 561113, China.
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4
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Dubashynskaya NV, Petrova VA, Skorik YA. Biopolymer Drug Delivery Systems for Oromucosal Application: Recent Trends in Pharmaceutical R&D. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5359. [PMID: 38791397 PMCID: PMC11120705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Oromucosal drug delivery, both local and transmucosal (buccal), is an effective alternative to traditional oral and parenteral dosage forms because it increases drug bioavailability and reduces systemic drug toxicity. The oral mucosa has a good blood supply, which ensures that drug molecules enter the systemic circulation directly, avoiding drug metabolism during the first passage through the liver. At the same time, the mucosa has a number of barriers, including mucus, epithelium, enzymes, and immunocompetent cells, that are designed to prevent the entry of foreign substances into the body, which also complicates the absorption of drugs. The development of oromucosal drug delivery systems based on mucoadhesive biopolymers and their derivatives (especially thiolated and catecholated derivatives) is a promising strategy for the pharmaceutical development of safe and effective dosage forms. Solid, semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations based on biopolymers have several advantageous properties, such as prolonged residence time on the mucosa due to high mucoadhesion, unidirectional and modified drug release capabilities, and enhanced drug permeability. Biopolymers are non-toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and may possess intrinsic bioactivity. A rational approach to the design of oromucosal delivery systems requires an understanding of both the anatomy/physiology of the oral mucosa and the physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties of the drug molecule/biopolymer, as presented in this review. This review summarizes the advances in the pharmaceutical development of mucoadhesive oromucosal dosage forms (e.g., patches, buccal tablets, and hydrogel systems), including nanotechnology-based biopolymer nanoparticle delivery systems (e.g., solid lipid particles, liposomes, biopolymer polyelectrolyte particles, hybrid nanoparticles, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yury A. Skorik
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi VO 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia
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5
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Liu T, Gong X, Cai Y, Li HY, Forbes B. Pullulan-Based Spray-Dried Mucoadhesive Microparticles for Sustained Oromucosal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:460. [PMID: 38675121 PMCID: PMC11053838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive microparticles for oromucosal drug delivery offer several advantages, including intimate contact with the mucosa, delivery to less accessible regions, extended residence time, sustained drug release, reduced irritation, and improved patient compliance. In this study, pullulan was used to prepare mucoadhesive spray-dried microparticles for delivering benzydamine hydrochloride (BZH) to oral mucosa. The BZH-pullulan spray-dried microparticles had a mean size of <25 μm with an angle of repose values between 25.8-36.6°. Pullulan markedly extended drug-release time to >180 min, ~9 times greater than the duration (i.e., 20 min) reportedly achieved by chitosan. Kinetic analysis showed the drug-release rate was concentration dependent and jointly controlled by drug diffusion and polymer chain relaxation. Further, pullulan was mucoadhesive and was able to retain up to 78.8% w/w of microencapsulated gold nanoparticle probes at the mucosal membrane. These data strongly suggest that BZH-pullulan microparticles have great potential for oromucosal drug delivery, by providing elongated residence time in situ and sustained drug release for the treatment of local diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xiang Gong
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang 550007, China;
| | - Yang Cai
- College of Stomatology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China; (T.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hao-Ying Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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6
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Davut Arpa M, Üstündağ Okur N, Koray Gök M, Özgümüş S, Cevher E. Chitosan-based buccal mucoadhesive patches to enhance the systemic bioavailability of tizanidine. Int J Pharm 2023:123168. [PMID: 37356512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tizanidine hydrochloride (TZN) is a muscle relaxant used to treat a variety of disorders such as painful muscle spasms and chronic spasticity. TZN has low oral bioavailability due to extensive first-pass metabolism and is used orally at a dose of 6-24 mg per day. In the present study, buccal patches were prepared by solvent casting method using chitosan glutamate (Chi-Glu) and novel chitosan azelate (Chi-Aze) which was synthesised in-house for the first time, to enhance the bioavailability of TZN by bypassing first-pass metabolism. The characterisation, mucoadhesion and drug release studies were performed. Chi-Aze patches retained their integrity longer in the buccal medium and showed higher ex vivo drug permeability compared to that prepared with Chi-Glu. In vivo studies revealed that buccal formulation fabricated with Chi-Aze (3%) showed approx 3 times more bioavailability than the orally administered commercial product. Results of the studies indicate that Chi-Aze, prepared by conjugation of chitosan and a fatty acid, the patch formulation is a promising buccal mucoadhesive system due to the physical stability in buccal medium, the good mucoadhesiveness and the high TZN bioavailability. Moreover, Chi-Aze patch might be an alternative to oral formulations of TZN to reduce the dose and frequency of drug administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Davut Arpa
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34085, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Koray Gök
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Saadet Özgümüş
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, 34320, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Erdal Cevher
- Istanbul University, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 34116, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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7
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Riaz A, Gidvall S, Prgomet Z, Hernandez AR, Ruzgas T, Nilsson EJ, Davies J, Valetti S. Three-Dimensional Oral Mucosal Equivalents as Models for Transmucosal Drug Permeation Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051513. [PMID: 37242755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral transmucosal administration, where drugs are absorbed directly through the non-keratinized, lining mucosa of the mouth, represents a solution to drug delivery with several advantages. Oral mucosal equivalents (OME) developed as 3D in vitro models are of great interest since they express the correct cell differentiation and tissue architecture, simulating the in vivo conditions better than monolayer cultures or animal tissues. The aim of this work was to develop OME to be used as a membrane for drug permeation studies. We developed both full-thickness (i.e., connective plus epithelial tissue) and split-thickness (i.e., only epithelial tissue) OME using non-tumor-derived human keratinocytes OKF6 TERT-2 obtained from the floor of the mouth. All the OME developed here presented similar transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values, comparable to the commercial EpiOral™. Using eletriptan hydrobromide as a model drug, we found that the full-thickness OME had similar drug flux to EpiOral™ (28.8 vs. 29.6 µg/cm2/h), suggesting that the model had the same permeation barrier properties. Furthermore, full-thickness OME showed an increase in ceramide content together with a decrease in phospholipids in comparison to the monolayer culture, indicating that lipid differentiation occurred due to the tissue-engineering protocols. The split-thickness mucosal model resulted in 4-5 cell layers with basal cells still undergoing mitosis. The optimum period at the air-liquid interface for this model was twenty-one days; after longer times, signs of apoptosis appeared. Following the 3R principles, we found that the addition of Ca2+, retinoic acid, linoleic acid, epidermal growth factor and bovine pituitary extract was important but not sufficient to fully replace the fetal bovine serum. Finally, the OME models presented here offer a longer shelf-life than the pre-existing models, which paves the way for the further investigation of broader pharmaceutical applications (i.e., long-term drug exposure, effect on the keratinocytes' differentiation and inflammatory conditions, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Riaz
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sanna Gidvall
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Zdenka Prgomet
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aura Rocio Hernandez
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tautgirdas Ruzgas
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emelie J Nilsson
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia Davies
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sabrina Valetti
- Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health and Society, Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
- Biofilms-Research Center for Biointerfaces (BRCB), Malmö University, 205 06 Malmö, Sweden
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8
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Choi J, Sahoo JK, Hasturk O, Falcucci T, Yao Y, Kaplan DL. Instantaneous Formation of Silk Protein Aerosols and Fibers with a Portable Spray Device Under Ambient Conditions. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201392. [PMID: 37635855 PMCID: PMC10456984 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of artificial silk spinning approaches have been attempted to mimic the natural spinning process found in silkworms and spiders, yet instantaneous silk fiber formation with hierarchical structure under physiological and ambient conditions without post-treatment procedures remains unaddressed. Here, we report a new strategy to fabricate silk protein-based aerosols and silk fibers instantaneously (< 1 s) in situ using a simple, portable, spray device, avoiding complicated and costly advanced manufacturing techniques. The key to success is the instantaneous conformational transition of silk fibroin from random coil to β-sheet right before spraying by mixing silk and polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions in the spray device, allowing aerosols and silk fibers to be sprayed in situ, with further control achieved via the molecular weight of silk. The spinning process of the spray device is based on the use of green solvents, i.e., all steps of instant conformational transition of silk fibroin are carried out in aqueous conditions or with buffers at ambient conditions, in combination with shear and elongational flow caused by the hydraulic pressure generated in the spray container. The system supports a portable and user-friendly system that could be used for drug delivery carriers, wound coating materials and rapid silk fiber conformal coatings on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewon Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Onur Hasturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Thomas Falcucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Ya Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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9
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Antifungal Activity of Camelus-Derived LFA-LFC Chimeric Peptide Gelatin Film and Effect on Oral Bacterial Biofilm. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2993-3010. [PMID: 36462110 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04248-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to construct lactoferrin (LFA-LFC) chimeric peptide gelatin drug-loaded fiber film by tissue engineering strategy, and study its bacteriostatic effect on oral pathogens (especially Candida albicans) and its effect on biofilm. First of all, LFA-LFC chitosan nanoparticles were prepared firstly, and then fluconazole gelatin (LF/GH/F) film loaded with LFA-LFC was prepared by electrospinning. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical strength, drug release, cytotoxicity, and real-time PCR were used to test the properties of the synthesized materials. SEM showed that there was the reticular structure for fiber film before and after cross-linking. LF/GH/F film had no obvious cytotoxicity, with good biocompatibility and drug release; real-time PCR and antibacterial test showed that the LF/GH/F film had good antibacterial activity. LF/GH/F film has a good inhibitory effect on oral pathogens, and its mechanism is related to biofilm. The antibacterial experiments of nanofiber membrane in vitro and the effect of bacterial biofilm were carried out. The effect of LF/GH/F on oral microbial flora structure was studied by fluorescence quantitative pest techniques.
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10
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Meng Z, Li Z, Guo S, Wu D, Wei R, Liu J, Hu L, Sui L. MED1 Ablation Promotes Oral Mucosal Wound Healing via JNK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13414. [PMID: 36362197 PMCID: PMC9655393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mediator complex subunit 1 (MED1) is a coactivator of multiple transcription factors and plays a key role in regulating epidermal homeostasis as well as skin wound healing. It is unknown, however, whether it plays a role in healing oral mucosal wounds. In this study, we investigate MED1's functional effects on oral mucosal wound healing and its underlying mechanism. The epithelial-specific MED1 null (Med1epi-/-) mice were established using the Cre-loxP system with C57/BL6 background. A 3 mm diameter wound was made in the cheek mucosa of the 8-week-old mice. In vivo experiments were conducted using HE staining and immunostaining with Ki67 and uPAR antibodies. The in vitro study used lentiviral transduction, scratch assays, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting to reveal the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that ablation of MED1 accelerated oral mucosal wound healing in 8-week-old mice. As a result of ablation of MED1, Activin A/Follistatin expression was altered, resulting in an activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. Similarly, knockdown of MED1 enhanced the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in vitro, promoting re-epithelialization, which accelerates the healing of oral mucosal wounds. Our study reveals a novel role for MED1 in oral keratinocytes, providing a new molecular therapeutic target for accelerated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Meng
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Zhe Li
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Shuling Guo
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Danfeng Wu
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
| | - Lei Sui
- School of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300014, China
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11
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Guo Y, Yang Y, Xu Y, Meng Y, Ye J, Xia X, Liu Y. Deformable Nanovesicle-Loaded Gel for Buccal Insulin Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112262. [PMID: 36365081 PMCID: PMC9699007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) have been widely used in oral mucosal delivery studies of biomolecular drugs. However, their development for oral mucosal preparations has been limited by their physical and chemical instability, the need for small oral volumes, and the complexity of the oral microenvironment. This study aimed to develop a more suitable buccal delivery system for DNVs with improved storage stability. Preliminary stability studies investigated different gel types, the effects of different hydrophilic gel matrices, and matrix temperature sensitivity using DNVs loaded with insulin-phospholipid complex (IPC-DNVs). A temperature-sensitive gel encapsulating IPC-DNVs (IPC-DNV-TSG) prepared with 2% w/v gelatin was stable at 4 °C for three months and maintained an excellent hypoglycemic effect. The delivery efficiency of IPC-DNVs and IPC-DNV-TSG was compared using a TR146 cell model, revealing that cell viability remained high. Cellular uptake was slightly lower for IPC-DNV-TSG than for IPC-DNVs, but total transport did not differ significantly between the two groups, which may have been related to the viscosity of IPC-DNV-TSG and the hydrophilicity, cell adhesion properties, and biocompatibility of gelatin. Moreover, neither IPC-DNVs nor IPC-DNV-TSG induced significant mucosal irritation in rabbit tongue tissue sections. The study findings demonstrate a promising method for possible use as oral mucosal delivery of peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyue Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yingying Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-8316-0332; Fax: +86-10-6315-9373
| | - Yuling Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulations, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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12
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Oral transmucosal delivery of eletriptan for neurological diseases. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122222. [PMID: 36155795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent neurological disease affecting circa 1 billion patients worldwide with severe incapacitating symptoms, which significantly diminishes the quality of life. As self-medication practice, oral administration of triptans is the most common option, despite its relatively slow therapeutic onset and low drug bioavailability. To overcome these issues, here we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first study on the possibility of oral transmucosal delivery of one of the safest triptans, namely eletriptan hydrobromide (EB). Based on a comprehensive set of in vitro and ex vivo experiments, we highlight the conditions required for oral transmucosal delivery, potentially giving rise to similar, or even higher, drug plasma concentrations expected from conventional oral administration. With histology and tissue integrity studies, we conclude that EB neither induces morphological changes nor impairs the integrity of the mucosal barrier following 4 h of exposure. On a cellular level, EB is internalized in human oral keratinocytes within the first 5 min without inducing toxicity at the relevant concentrations for transmucosal delivery. Considering that the pKa of EB falls within the physiologically range, we systematically investigated the effect of pH on both solubility and transmucosal permeation. When the pH is increased from 6.8 to 10.4, the drug solubility decreases drastically from 14.7 to 0.07 mg/mL. At pH 6.8, EB gave rise to the highest drug flux and total permeated amount across mucosa, while at pH 10.4 EB shows greater permeability coefficient and thus higher ratio of permeated drug versus applied drug. Permeation experiments with model membranes confirmed the pH dependent permeation profile of EB. The distribution of EB in different cellular compartments of keratinocytes is pH dependent. In brief, high drug ionization leads to higher association with the cell membrane, suggesting ionic interactions between EB and the phospholipid head groups. Moreover, we show that the chemical permeation enhancer DMSO can be used to enhance the drug permeation significantly (i.e., 12 to 36-fold increase). Taken together, this study presents important findings on transmucosal delivery of eletriptan via the oral cavity and paves the way for clinical investigations for a fast and safe migraine treatment.
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13
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Riaz M, Akhlaq M, Naz S, Uroos M. An overview of biomedical applications of choline geranate (CAGE): a major breakthrough in drug delivery. RSC Adv 2022; 12:25977-25991. [PMID: 36199602 PMCID: PMC9468656 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies are on the way to advancing the field of biomedical sciences using ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in view of their unique properties and inherent tunability. These significant solvents tend to enhance the physical properties of the drug, increase their bioavailability and promote the delivery of recalcitrant drugs to the body. One such widely investigated tempting multipurpose IL/DES system is choline geranate (CAGE), which has gained significant interest due to its biocompatible and highly potent antiseptic behavior, which also facilitates its sanitizing ability to combat the coronavirus. This review focuses on total advancements in biomedical applications of CAGE. This biocompatible IL/DES has made facile the solubilization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs and delivery of intractable drugs through physiological barriers by stabilizing proteins and nucleic acids. Therefore, it has been used as a transdermal, subcutaneous, and oral delivery carrier and as an antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases and wounds as approved by laboratory and clinical translations. Moreover, current challenges and future outlooks are also highlighted to explore them more purposefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubeshar Riaz
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maida Akhlaq
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Sadia Naz
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
| | - Maliha Uroos
- Centre for Research in Ionic Liquids, School of Chemistry, University of the Punjab 54590 Lahore Pakistan
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14
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Bastos F, Pinto AC, Nunes A, Simões S. Oromucosal products - Market landscape and innovative technologies: A review. J Control Release 2022; 348:305-320. [PMID: 35660635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Strategies that rely on oral mucosal administration have increased in the last decade and oromucosal products are paving the way to overcome specific challenges, namely improving drug bioavailability when compared with the conventional oral route, due to a reduction of the hepatic first-pass metabolism and pre-systemic degradation. Overall, the advantages of these products make oromucosal route of administration attractive for the development of value-added medicines, which can address more properly the unmet medical needs of specific patients. Generally, such products have an easy and convenient administration since they do not require water for ingestion, which may be particularly relevant for geriatric and pediatric groups, or non-cooperative patients. Usually, the development of these products aims to provide a faster onset of action, critical for acute or emergency treatments. Although oriented to achieve better therapeutic outcomes, today's drug development is primarily focused on patient-centered care, meaning that patients' specific characteristics/needs are an important driving force behind product-development efforts. In accordance, pharmaceutical innovation can rely not only on new drug substances but also on re-formulation of already approved ones or alternative routes of administration, enhancing patient convenience, treatment efficacy and/or safety. Throughout this review, the oromucosal drug products, approved in the last decade, and a retrospective analysis of their critical quality attributes and specifications will be described. Furthermore, trends and opportunities of the latest technologies in this field, as well as the number of ongoing clinical studies, will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Bastos
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pinto
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Nunes
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Sérgio Simões
- Bluepharma - Indústria Farmacêutica S.A., São Martinho do Bispo, 3045-016 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Faculty of Medicine (Polo 1), Rua Larga, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Watchorn J, Clasky AJ, Prakash G, Johnston IAE, Chen PZ, Gu FX. Untangling Mucosal Drug Delivery: Engineering, Designing, and Testing Nanoparticles to Overcome the Mucus Barrier. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1396-1426. [PMID: 35294187 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mucus is a complex viscoelastic gel and acts as a barrier covering much of the soft tissue in the human body. High vascularization and accessibility have motivated drug delivery to various mucosal surfaces; however, these benefits are hindered by the mucus layer. To overcome the mucus barrier, many nanomedicines have been developed, with the goal of improving the efficacy and bioavailability of drug payloads. Two major nanoparticle-based strategies have emerged to facilitate mucosal drug delivery, namely, mucoadhesion and mucopenetration. Generally, mucoadhesive nanoparticles promote interactions with mucus for immobilization and sustained drug release, whereas mucopenetrating nanoparticles diffuse through the mucus and enhance drug uptake. The choice of strategy depends on many factors pertaining to the structural and compositional characteristics of the target mucus and mucosa. While there have been promising results in preclinical studies, mucus-nanoparticle interactions remain poorly understood, thus limiting effective clinical translation. This article reviews nanomedicines designed with mucoadhesive or mucopenetrating properties for mucosal delivery, explores the influence of site-dependent physiological variation among mucosal surfaces on efficacy, transport, and bioavailability, and discusses the techniques and models used to investigate mucus-nanoparticle interactions. The effects of non-homeostatic perturbations on protein corona formation, mucus composition, and nanoparticle performance are discussed in the context of mucosal delivery. The complexity of the mucosal barrier necessitates consideration of the interplay between nanoparticle design, tissue-specific differences in mucus structure and composition, and homeostatic or disease-related changes to the mucus barrier to develop effective nanomedicines for mucosal delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Watchorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Aaron J Clasky
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Gayatri Prakash
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Ian A E Johnston
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Paul Z Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Frank X Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
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16
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Jillani U, Mudassir J, Ijaz QA, Latif S, Qamar N, Aleem A, Ali E, Abbas K, Wazir MA, Hussain A, Abbas N, Arshad MS. Design and Characterization of Agarose/HPMC Buccal Films Bearing Ondansetron HCl In Vitro and In Vivo: Enhancement Using Iontophoretic and Chemical Approaches. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:1662194. [PMID: 35372569 PMCID: PMC8975656 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1662194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study was aimed at designing and characterizing the ondansetron hydrochloride (OND) bearing agarose (AG), and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) mucoadhesive buccal films employing glycerol as a plasticizer. The buccal delivery of ondansetron hydrochloride was remarkably boosted by employing physical (iontophoresis) and chemical enhancement approaches (chemical penetration enhancers). To explore the influence of different formulation components, i.e., agarose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and glycerol on various evaluating parameters, i.e., tensile strength, swelling index, ex vivo mucoadhesion time, and subsequently on in vitro drug release, a D-optimal design was opted. A buccal film bearing OND was mounted on bovine buccal mucosa for ex vivo permeation studies and impact of chemical and physical enhancement techniques on the permeation profile was also analysed. A linear release profile was revealed in in vitro drug release of OND over 60 minutes and outcomes ascertained the direct relationship between HPMC content and in vitro drug release and inverse relationship was depicted by AG content. The FTIR and DSC thermal analysis was executed to determine the physicochemical interactions and results exposed no chemical interactions between drug and polymers. The drug (OND) appeared as tiny crystals on smooth film surface during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A notable enhancement in permeation flux, i.e., 761.02 μg/min of OND during ex vivo permeation studies was witnessed after the application of current (0.5-1 mA) without any time lag and with enhancement ratio of 3.107. A time lag of 15 minutes, 19 minutes, and 26 minutes with permeation flux of 475.34 μg/min, 399.35 μg/min, and 244.81 μg/min was observed after chemical enhancer pretreatment with propylene glycol, Tween 80, and passive, respectively. Rabbit was employed as the experimental animal for pharmacokinetic studies (in vivo) and cats for pharmacological activity (in vivo), and the results illustrated the enhanced bioavailablity (2.88 times) in the iontophoresis animal group when compared with the rabbits of control group. Likewise, a remarkable reduction in emesis events was recorded in cats of iontophoresis group. Conclusively, the histopathological examinations on excised buccal mucosa unveiled no severe necrotic or cytopathetic outcomes of current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Jillani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Qazi Amir Ijaz
- Akson College of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Latif
- Institute of Pharmacy, Lahore college for women university, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Qamar
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ali
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khizar Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Amjad Hussain
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Abbas
- College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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17
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Jillani U, Mudassir J, Arshad MS, Mehta P, Alyassin Y, Nazari K, Yousef B, Patel M, Zaman A, Sayed E, Chang MW, Ali A, Ahmad Z. Design and evaluation of agarose based buccal films containing zolmitriptan succinate: Application of physical and chemical enhancement approaches. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Applications of choline-based ionic liquids in drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121366. [PMID: 34896216 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) usually refer to kinds of salts with melting point below 100 °C and are composed of definite anions and cations. In recent years, in addition to the field of material engineering, the applications of ILs have been extended to biomedical application. As a solubilizer, skin penetration enhancer, antibacterial agent, and macromolecular stabilizer of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, ILs have attracted great attention in the field of pharmaceutical research. Among them, choline-based ILs are very popular in the field of drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity or non-toxicity and other characteristics. This article mainly reviews the applications of choline-based ILs formed by choline and organic acid and choline-based ionic liquids-pharmaceutical active ingredients in transdermal delivery, topical delivery and oral delivery.
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19
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Srivastava N, Aslam S. Recent Advancements and Patents on Buccal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. RECENT PATENTS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 16:308-325. [PMID: 34126916 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210609145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The major requirement for a dosage form to be successful is its ability to penetrate the site of application and the bioavailability of the drug released from the dosage form. The buccal drug delivery is an influential route to deliver the drug into the body. Here, in this context, various novel approaches that include lipoidal carriers like ethosomes, transferosomes, niosomes etc. and electrospun nanofibers are discussed, with respect to buccal drug delivery. These carriers can be easily incorporated into buccal dosage forms like patches and gels that are responsible for increased permeation across the buccal epithelium. The in vivo methods of evaluation on animal models are conscribed here. The novel biocarriers of lipoidal and non-lipoidal nature can be utilized by loading the drug into them, which are helpful in preventing drug degradation and other drawbacks as compared to conventional formulations. The globally patented buccal formulations give us a wide context in literature about the patents filed and granted in the recent years. When it comes to patient compliance, age is an issue, which is also solved by the buccal route. The pediatric buccal formulations are researched for the customization to be delivered to children. Diseases like mouth ulcers, oral cancer, Parkinson's disease, aphthous stomatitis etc. have been successfully treated through the buccal route, which infers that the buccal drug delivery system is an effective and emerging area for formulation and development in the field of pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahifa Aslam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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20
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Zielińska A, Eder P, Rannier L, Cardoso JC, Severino P, Silva AM, Souto EB. Hydrogels for modified-release drug delivery systems. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:609-618. [PMID: 34967292 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666211230114755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels for the modified-release drug delivery systems is a continuously growing area of interest for the pharmaceutical industry. According to the global market, the use of polymers in this area is projected to reach $31.4 million by 2027. This review discusses the recent advances and perspectives of hydrogel in drug delivery systems for oral, parenteral, nasal, topical, and ophthalmic. The search strategy did in January 2021, and it conducted an extensive database to identify studies published from January 2010 to December 2020.We described the main characteristic of the polymers to obtain an ideal hydrogel for a specific route of administration and the formulations that was a highlight in the literature. It concluded that the hydrogels are a set useful to decrease the number of doses, side effects, promote adhesion of patient and enhances the bioavailability of the drugs improving the safety and efficacy of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zielińska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 32, 60-479 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucas Rannier
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Cardoso
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Institute of Technology and Research and University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
- Tiradentes Institute, 150 Mt Vernon St, Dorchester, MA 02125, USA
| | - Amélia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD); 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eliana B Souto
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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21
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Pérez-González GL, Cornejo-Bravo JM, Vera-Graciano R, Adan-López ES, Villarreal-Gómez LJ. Development, characterization, and in vitro evaluation of adhesive fibrous mat for mucosal propranolol delivery. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This research focuses on the synthesis and adhesive properties of mucoadhesive mats, prepared with poly(vinylic alcohol) as a base polymer for the oromucosal release of propranolol (PRO) by the electrospinning technique. The nanofibers mats were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry; in vitro drug entrapment efficiency, degradation time, and adhesion studies were performed. SEM images of the electrospun mats show the correct formation of fibers with a variable diameter and porosity. Thermal studies indicate excellent thermal stability of the scaffolds, The fibrous mats loaded with 10% of the drug exhibit the best thermal stability with decomposition after 450°C. In vitro studies indicate a drug content of 88% loaded in the mats. In the cytotoxicity test, loaded mat presents cell proliferations of 97% and 88% for drug concentrations of 10% an 15%, respectively. To conclude, the formed electrospun adhesive mats exhibited excellent thermal stability, adhesive properties, and drug entrapment efficiency, promising features for a successful drug topical release system on mucosal tissue in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Lizeth Pérez-González
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas , 22260 , Tijuana , Baja California , México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional , Tijuana , Baja California 22390 , México
| | - José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional , Tijuana , Baja California 22390 , México
| | - Ricardo Vera-Graciano
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria , 04510 , Ciudad de México , México
| | - Eduardo Sinaí Adan-López
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas , 22260 , Tijuana , Baja California , México
| | - Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Universitario 1000, Unidad Valle de las Palmas , 22260 , Tijuana , Baja California , México
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calzada Universidad 14418 Parque Industrial Internacional , Tijuana , Baja California 22390 , México
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22
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Assessment of epinephrine sublingual stability and permeability pathways to enhance its permeability for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 167:106025. [PMID: 34600046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prompt epinephrine (Epi) injection using auto-injectors is the initial life-saving out-of-hospital treatment for anaphylaxis. However, patients and healthcare providers are eagerly awaiting a more convenient alternative dosage form that would overcome auto-injectors drawbacks. Previously, we extensively evaluated multiple alternative fast-disintegrating sublingual Epi tablet (FDSTs) formulations. However, the sublingual stability of Epi and effect of modifying the sublingual microenvironment pH on its stability and transport pathways were not yet fully investigated. Results depicted that Epi remained sufficiently stable at various pHs in human saliva and porcine sublingual tissue's extract. Epi permeability (EP) through excised porcine sublingual membrane was greatest at pH 8.0 (p < 0.05), 11-fold higher than the negative control (Epi at pH 6.8). Sodium carbonate (Na Carb) 0.75% was the most efficient buffer to modify Epi solution pH to 8.0. Both sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 0.075% and palmitoyl-DL-carnitine chloride (PCC) 1.2% increased paracellular EP 10-fold and 3-fold, respectively; however, both demonstrated a delayed enhancement (>5 min). Meanwhile, Na Carb and SDS combination increased EP 23-fold without a delay. It is evident that pH-modifiers or their SDS combination showed promising potential to enhance Epi sublingual permeability and further reduce the required Epi dose using FDSTs as a feasible alternative to Epi auto-injectors.
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23
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Permeability of Buccal Mucosa. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111814. [PMID: 34834229 PMCID: PMC8624797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The buccal mucosa provides an alternative route of drug delivery that can be more beneficial compared to other administration routes. Although numerous studies and reviews have been published on buccal drug delivery, an extensive review of the permeability data is not available. Understanding the buccal mucosa barrier could provide insights into the approaches to effective drug delivery and optimization of dosage forms. This paper provides a review on the permeability of the buccal mucosa. The intrinsic permeability coefficients of porcine buccal mucosa were collected. Large variability was observed among the published permeability data. The permeability coefficients were then analyzed using a model involving parallel lipoidal and polar transport pathways. For the lipoidal pathway, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant octanol/water partition coefficients (Kow) and molecular weight (MW) in a subset of the permeability data under specific conditions. The permeability analysis suggested that the buccal permeation barrier was less lipophilic than octanol. For the polar pathway and macromolecules, a correlation was observed between the permeability coefficients and permeant MW. The hindered transport analysis suggested an effective pore radius of 1.5 to 3 nm for the buccal membrane barrier.
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24
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Oral wound healing models and emerging regenerative therapies. Transl Res 2021; 236:17-34. [PMID: 34161876 PMCID: PMC8380729 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Following injury, the oral mucosa undergoes complex sequences of biological healing processes to restore homeostasis. While general similarities exist, there are marked differences in the genomics and kinetics of wound healing between the oral cavity and cutaneous epithelium. The lack of successful therapy for oral mucosal wounds has influenced clinicians to explore alternative treatments and potential autotherapies to enhance intraoral healing. The present in-depth review discusses current gold standards for oral mucosal wound healing and compares endogenous factors that dictate the quality of tissue remodeling. We conducted a review of the literature on in vivo oral wound healing models and emerging regenerative therapies published during the past twenty years. Studies were evaluated by injury models, therapy interventions, and outcome measures. The success of therapeutic approaches was assessed, and research outcomes were compared based on current hallmarks of oral wound healing. By leveraging therapeutic advancements, particularly within in cell-based biomaterials and immunoregulation, there is great potential for translational therapy in oral tissue regeneration.
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Majid H, Bartel A, Burckhardt BB. Predictivity of Standardized and Controlled Permeation Studies: Ex vivo - In vitro - In vivo Correlation for Sublingual Absorption of Propranolol. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 169:12-19. [PMID: 34508807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In preclinical drug development, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies are a decisive element for specifying subsequent development steps. In this context, reliability, physiological alignment and appropriate in vivo correlation are mandatory for predictivity regarding drug absorption. Especially in oromucosal drug delivery, these prerequisites are not adequately met, which hinders its progressive development and results in the continuous need for animal experiments. To address current limitations, an innovative, standardized, and controlled ex vivo permeation model was applied. It is based on Kerski diffusion cells embedded in automated sampling and coupled to mass spectrometric quantification under physiologically relevant conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the predictivity of the developed model using porcine mucosa (ex vivo) in relation to data of sublingual propranolol absorption (in vivo). In addition, the usefulness of biomimetic barriers (in vitro) as a replacement for porcine mucosa was investigated. Therefore, solubility and permeability studies considering microenvironmental conditions were conducted and achieved good predictivity (R2=0.997) for pH-dependent permeability. A multiple level C correlation (R2≥0.860) between obtained permeability and reported pharmacokinetic animal data (AUC, Cmax) was revealed. Furthermore, a point-to-point correlation was demonstrated for several sublingual formulations. The successful IVIVC confirms the standardized ex vivo model as a viable alternative to animal testing for estimating the in vivo absorption behavior of oromucosal pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidara Majid
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke Bartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bjoern B Burckhardt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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Suksaeree J, Chaichawawut B, Srichan M, Tanaboonsuthi N, Monton C, Maneewattanapinyo P, Pichayakorn W. Applying design of experiments (DoE) on the properties of buccal film for nicotine delivery. E-POLYMERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2021-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Design of experiments is used to optimize ratios between deproteinized natural rubber latex, Eudragit® NM 30 D, and pectin for nicotine buccal film with dependent variables as moisture content, moisture uptake, and swelling index in simulated saliva 3 and 5 h. Mathematical models were linear for moisture content and moisture uptake, while swelling index in simulated saliva 3 and 5 h was a quadratic model. Optimized polymer ratio was 0.319:0.362:0.319, respectively. Experimental values were 13.17 ± 0.92%, 3.96 ± 0.84%, 112.58 ± 22.63%, and 124.69 ± 8.01% for dependent variables, respectively. The buccal film showed high swelling at pH 7 and swelling–deswelling behaviors in a water/ethanol environment. The surface pH, weight, and thickness were 8.11, 63.28 ± 6.18 mg, and 219.87 ± 44.28 µm, respectively. Nicotine content was found as 10.22 ± 0.46 mg/4 cm2. Maximum cumulative nicotine release was 9.82 ± 0.94 mg/4 cm2. Kinetic model fitted to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and release exponent was 0.36, representing that release mechanism was controlled by Fickian diffusion release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapornchai Suksaeree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Muang , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Benjarut Chaichawawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Muang , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Muntira Srichan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Muang , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Noppamon Tanaboonsuthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Muang , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Chaowalit Monton
- Drug and Herbal Product Research and Development Center, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Pattwat Maneewattanapinyo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rangsit University , Muang , Pathum Thani 12000 , Thailand
| | - Wiwat Pichayakorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University , Hat-Yai , Songkhla 90112 , Thailand
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Okur NÜ, Bülbül EÖ, Yağcılar AP, Siafaka PI. Current Status of Mucoadhesive Gel Systems for Buccal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:2015-2025. [PMID: 33726644 DOI: 10.2174/1381612824666210316101528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buccal drug delivery is a fascinating research field. Gel-based formulations present potent characteristics as buccal systems since they have great physicochemical properties. METHODS Among the various gels, in situ gels are viscous colloidal systems consisting of polymers; when physiological conditions change (pH, temperature, ion activation), they are transformed into the gel phase. These systems can improve bioavailability. Other systems, such as nanogels or emulgels can also be applied for buccal delivery with promising results. Polymeric gel-based systems can be produced by natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic polymers. Their main advantage is that the active molecules can be released in a sustained and controllable manner. Several gels based on chitosan are produced for the entrapment of drugs demonstrating efficient retention time and bioavailability due to chitosan mucoadhesion. Besides polysaccharides, poloxamers and carbopol are also used in buccal gels due to their high swelling ability and reversed thermal gelation behavior. RESULTS Herein, the authors focused on the current development of mucoadhesive gel systems used in buccal drug delivery. After explaining buccal drug delivery and mucoadhesion, various studies with hydrogels, in situ gels, and nanogels were analyzed as buccal gel systems. Various mucoadhesive gel studies with mucoadhesive polymers have been studied and summarized. This review is presented as valuable guidance to scientists in formulating buccal mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. CONCLUSION This review aimed to assist researchers working on buccal drug delivery by summarizing buccal drug delivery, mucoadhesion, and buccal mucoadhesive gel systems recently found in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neslihan Ü Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Ö Bülbül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe P Yağcılar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Panoraia I Siafaka
- Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Rawas-Qalaji M, Bafail R, Ahmed IS, Uddin MN, Nazzal S. Modulation of the sublingual microenvironment and pH-dependent transport pathways to enhance atropine sulfate permeability for the treatment of organophosphates poisoning. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120898. [PMID: 34310952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Atropine sulfate (AS) auto-injectors are the only approved antidote for out-of-hospital emergency treatment of organophosphates (OP) toxicity. However, they are only available for military use and require the administration of multiple auto-injectors. Therefore, an alternative, patient-friendly and more affordable fast-disintegrating sublingual tablets (FDSTs) of AS were previously developed. In this article, the effect of modifying the microenvironment's pH and/or using penetration enhancers on AS sublingual transport pathways were evaluated in an attempt to further enhance AS sublingual permeability. Ten different AS FDST formulations with or without the incorporation of alkalizer and various penetration enhancers were manufactured and characterized. AS permeability was investigated through excised porcine sublingual membrane using Franz cells. Results showed that the incorporation of either a transcellular enhancer or alkalizer achieved a significantly higher AS permeability enhancement (twofold). Combining sodium bicarbonate (Na Bicarb) 2% as alkalizer with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) 1% as a transcellular enhancer resulted in the greatest synergistic enhancement in AS sublingual permeability (up to twelvefold). In conclusion, the modified AS FDST developed in this work has the potential to improve the pharmacokinetic parameters of AS following sublingual administration for the first-aid treatment of OP toxicity in future animal bioequivalency studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Rawas-Qalaji
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33326, USA.
| | - Rawan Bafail
- College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman Saad Ahmed
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sami Nazzal
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Mucoadhesive Delivery System: A Smart Way to Improve Bioavailability of Nutraceuticals. Foods 2021; 10:foods10061362. [PMID: 34208328 PMCID: PMC8231213 DOI: 10.3390/foods10061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The conventional oral administration of many nutraceuticals exhibits poor oral bioavailability due to the harsh gastric conditions and first-pass metabolism. Oral mucosa has been recognized as a potential site for the delivery of therapeutic compounds. The mucoadhesive formulation can adhere to the mucosal membrane through various interaction mechanisms and enhance the retention and permeability of bioactive compounds. Absorption of bioactive compounds from the mucosa can improve bioavailability, as this route bypasses the hepatic first-pass metabolism and transit through the gastrointestinal tract. The mucosal administration is convenient, simple to access, and reported for increasing the bioactive concentration in plasma. Many mucoadhesive polymers, emulsifiers, thickeners used for the pharmaceutical formulation are accepted in the food sector. Introducing mucoadhesive formulations specific to the nutraceutical sector will be a game-changer as we are still looking for different ways to improve the bioavailability of many bioactive compounds. This article describes the overview of buccal mucosa, the concept of mucoadhesion and related theories, and different techniques of mucoadhesive formulations. Finally, the classification of mucoadhesive polymers and the mucoadhesive systems designed for the effective delivery of bioactive compounds are presented.
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Magalhães APDSPA, Toma HK, do Carmo FA, Mansur CRE. Development of purified cashew gum mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing nystatin for treatment of oral candidiasis. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:825-837. [PMID: 34033502 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing nystatin and purified cashew gum for the treatment of oral candidiasis. SIGNIFICANCE Mucoadhesive buccal tablets containing the drug nystatin are an alternative to oral suspensions, which cause low therapeutic adherence to the treatment of oral candidiasis. Purified cashew gum has been studied as a diluent and mucoadhesive agent in tablets. METHODS Two batches of mucoadhesive tablets were produced, MT1 and MT 2, containing purified cashew gum, nystatin (500,000 IU), flavoring agent and with or without the presence of lubricant agent. The average weight, mechanical properties, dose uniformity, drug release profile, mucoadhesive properties and antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans were evaluated. RESULTS Tablets presented average weight of 329.1 ± 3.1 mg (MT1) and 334.6 ± 1.5 mg (MT2), hardness of 9.8 ± 0.8 KgF (MT1) and 8.3 ± 0.4 KgF (MT2), friability of 0.2% (MT1 and MT2), and dose uniformity of 102.20 ± 1.17% (MT1) and 99.06 ± 7.40% (MT2). MT1 and MT2 were able to swell, erode, release the drug and remain adhered to the pig's cheek up to 3 h for batch MT1 and 4 h for batch MT2, and the amount of nystatin released since the beginning of the test in both batches was sufficient to inhibit the growth of the fungus. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the proposed formulation proved to be very promising and met all the studied criteria, showing to be ideal for the treatment of oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Keiko Toma
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Regina Elias Mansur
- Institute of Macromolecules, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Program of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Technology Center, Alberto Luiz Institute of Coimbra, Post-Graduation and Engineering Research - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Tai J, Lee K, Kim TH. Current Perspective on Nasal Delivery Systems for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:246. [PMID: 33578812 PMCID: PMC7916625 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis is an upper respiratory disease during which topical drug treatment via the nasal cavity is the most actively utilized therapeutic strategy. In addition to steroids, antibiotics, and antifungal agents, which are widely used in clinical practice, research on novel topical agents to improve the bacterial biofilm or mucociliary clearance remains ongoing. Moreover, owing to the complex structure of the nasal cavity, the effects of nasal drug delivery vary depending on factors related to delivery fluid dynamics, including device, volume, and compounds. In this article, we review methods and compounds that have been applied to chronic rhinosinusitis management and introduce recent advances and future perspectives in nasal drug delivery for upper respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tae Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.T.); (K.L.)
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Wang S, Zuo A, Guo J. Types and evaluation of in vitro penetration models for buccal mucosal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Hussain A, Mahmood F, Arshad MS, Abbas N, Qamar N, Mudassir J, Farhaj S, Nirwan JS, Ghori MU. Personalised 3D Printed Fast-Dissolving Tablets for Managing Hypertensive Crisis: In-Vitro/In-Vivo Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3057. [PMID: 33419348 PMCID: PMC7765967 DOI: 10.3390/polym12123057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive crisis (HC) is an emergency health condition which requires an effective management strategy. Over the years, various researchers have developed captopril based fast-dissolving formulations to manage HC; however, primarily, the question of personalisation remains unaddressed. Moreover, commercially these formulations are available as in fixed-dose combinations or strengths, so the titration of dose according to patient's prerequisite is challenging to achieve. The recent emergence of 3D printing technologies has given pharmaceutical scientists a way forward to develop personalised medicines keeping in view patients individual needs. The current project, therefore, is aimed at addressing the limitations as mentioned above by developing fast-dissolving captopril tablets using 3D printing approach. Captopril unloaded (F1) and loaded (F2-F4) filaments were successfully produced with an acceptable drug loading and mechanical properties. Various captopril formulations (F2-F4) were successfully printed using fused deposition modelling technique. The results revealed that the formulations (F2 and F3) containing superdisintegrant had a faster extent of dissolution and in-vivo findings were endorsing these results. The present study has successfully exhibited the utilisation of additive manufacturing approach to mend the gap of personalisation and manufacturing fast-dissolving captopril 3D printed tablets. The procedure adopted in the present study may be used for the development of fused deposition modelling (FDM) based fast-dissolving 3D printed tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Hussain
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Muhammad Sohail Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Nasir Abbas
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Nadia Qamar
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (F.M.); (N.A.); (N.Q.)
| | - Jahanzeb Mudassir
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (M.S.A.); (J.M.)
| | - Samia Farhaj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK; (S.F.); (J.S.N.)
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Itin C, Komargodski R, Barasch D, Domb AJ, Hoffman A. Prolonged Delivery of Apomorphine Through the Buccal Mucosa, Towards a Noninvasive Sustained Administration Method in Parkinson's Disease: In Vivo Investigations in Pigs. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1824-1833. [PMID: 33333142 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the current work, prolonged systemic delivery of apomorphine via buccal mucosa was shown to be a promising treatment for Parkinson's disease as a substitute for clinically utilized subcutaneous infusions. Due to extensive 'first-pass' metabolism, apomorphine is administered parenterally to bypass liver metabolism. Drawbacks of parenteral administration cause low patient compliance and adherence to treatment. On the other hand, while also bypassing the liver, delivery through buccal mucosa has a superior safety profile, is less costly, lacks pain and discomfort, and possesses excellent accessibility, overall augmenting patient compliance. Current in vivo study in pigs showed: (1) steady plateau levels of apomorphine in plasma were obtained 30 min following administration and remained constant for 8 h until a delivery device was removed, (2) bioavailability of apomorphine was 55%-80% as opposed to <2% peroral and (3) simulation of the pharmacokinetic profile obtained in pigs predicted therapeutically relevant levels of apomorphine in human. Furthermore, antipyrine was incorporated as a permeation marker to enable mechanistic investigation of apomorphine release from the delivery device and its permeation through the buccal mucosa. In addition, limitations of an Ussing diffusion chamber as an ex vivo research tool were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Itin
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Rinat Komargodski
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dinorah Barasch
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Abraham J Domb
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Amnon Hoffman
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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Majid H, Bartel A, Burckhardt BB. Development, validation and standardization of oromucosal ex-vivo permeation studies for implementation in quality-controlled environments. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113769. [PMID: 33277116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-based ex-vivo studies on the oromucosal permeability of drugs are often insufficiently adapted to physiological and clinical conditions, which limits their predictivity. Moreover, the scientific community demands for the standardization of ex-vivo studies, since conceptual limitations (e.g. low sensitivity of analytical methods, insufficient monitoring, different designs) restrict the wide implementation in preclinical drug development. Therefore, an innovative ex-vivo permeation process consisting of novel Kerski diffusion cell coupled to fully automated sampling and sample preparation with LC-MS/MS quantification was developed and standardized. Novel assays for routine examination of tissue integrity and viability were developed and embedded in a comprehensive analytical control system. The high level of standardization and automation reduced the differences of between-run to within-run precision to ≤ 0.27 % CV. Successful validation proved a broad calibration range of 0.93-952.38 ng/mL of the model drug cyclobenzaprine with guideline-compliant relative errors from -7.9-12.6 % (between-run accuracy). Consequently, the method allowed the physiological-clinical alignment of the study conditions to therapeutic doses and the short residence time of intraoral drugs (sampling times 1-60 min). Applicability was demonstrated by assessing the oromucosal permeability for different sublingual cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride formulations representing the excipient selection as a common aspect during galenic development. Thereby, expressive evaluation of the dosage forms was achieved resulting in an improved permeation by replacing croscarmellose into polyvinylpyrrolidone (cumulative amount of 42.6 vs. 112.6 μg/cm²). Thus, the automated permeation process ensured lean, standardized and reproducible assessment of oromucosal permeability within quality-controlled academic and regulatory environments. Simultaneously, the improved ex-vivo predictivity through physiological-clinical adjustments facilitates the reduction of costly in-vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidara Majid
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Anke Bartel
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Bjoern B Burckhardt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.
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Lam JKW, Cheung CCK, Chow MYT, Harrop E, Lapwood S, Barclay SIG, Wong ICK. Transmucosal drug administration as an alternative route in palliative and end-of-life care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 160:234-243. [PMID: 33137363 PMCID: PMC7603972 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a surge in need for alternative routes of administration of drugs for end of life and palliative care, particularly in community settings. Transmucosal routes include intranasal, buccal, sublingual and rectal. They are non-invasive routes for systemic drug delivery with the possibility of self-administration, or administration by family caregivers. In addition, their ability to offer rapid onset of action with reduced first-pass metabolism make them suitable for use in palliative and end-of-life care to provide fast relief of symptoms. This is particularly important in COVID-19, as patients can deteriorate rapidly. Despite the advantages, these routes of administration face challenges including a relatively small surface area for effective drug absorption, small volume of fluid for drug dissolution and the presence of a mucus barrier, thereby limiting the number of drugs that are suitable to be delivered through the transmucosal route. In this review, the merits, challenges and limitations of each of these transmucosal routes are discussed. The goals are to provide insights into using transmucosal drug delivery to bring about the best possible symptom management for patients at the end of life, and to inspire scientists to develop new delivery systems to provide effective symptom management for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny K W Lam
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Chucky C K Cheung
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Y T Chow
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Harrop
- Helen and Douglas House, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Susie Lapwood
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen I G Barclay
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ian C K Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research and Education (CMORE), Research Department of Practice and Policy, School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Abruzzo A, Crispini A, Prata C, Adduci R, Nicoletta FP, Dalena F, Cerchiara T, Luppi B, Bigucci F. Freeze-Dried Matrices for Buccal Administration of Propranolol in Children: Physico-Chemical and Functional Characterization. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:1676-1686. [PMID: 33164786 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Buccal matrices represent a widely accepted dosage form permitting a convenient, easy, reliable drug administration and reducing administration errors. The aim of this study was the development of mucoadhesive buccal matrices for propranolol administration in children. Matrices were obtained by freeze-drying of drug loaded polymeric solutions based on gum tragacanth (GT), pectin (PEC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), sodium hyaluronate (HA), gelatin (GEL), chitosan (CH) or a mixture of CH and HPMC (CH/HPMC). Matrices were characterized for drug solid state, morphology, water-uptake, mucoadhesion ability, in vitro drug release and permeation through porcine epithelium. The most promising formulations were tested for in vitro biocompatibility in human dental pulp fibroblasts. The preparative method and the polymeric composition influenced the drug solid state, as a complete amorphization as well as different polymorphic forms were observed. GEL and PEC guaranteed a fast and complete drug release due to their rapid dissolution, while for the other matrices the release was influenced by drug diffusion through the viscous gelled matrix. Moreover, matrices based on CH and CH/HPMC showed the best mucoadhesive properties, favoured the drug permeation, in virtue of CH ability to interfere with the lipid organization of biological membrane, and were characterized by a good biocompatibility profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Crispini
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosanna Adduci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Fiore Pasquale Nicoletta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Dalena
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci Edificio Polifunzionale, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Cerchiara
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Bigucci
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Al-Sahaf Z, Raimi-Abraham B, Licciardi M, de Mohac LM. Influence of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on PVA-Poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PVA-PHEA) Microcrystalline Solid Dispersion Films. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:267. [PMID: 33006710 PMCID: PMC7532132 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to formulate buccal films consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly-N-hydroxyethyl-aspartamide (PHEA), to improve the dissolution of the drug through the oral mucosa. Ibuprofen sodium salt was used as a model drug, and the buccal film was expected to enhance its dissolution rate. Two different concentrations of PVA (5% w/v and 7.5% w/v) were used. Solvent casting was used to prepare films, where a solution consisting of drug and polymer was cast and allowed to dry. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the properties of films. In vitro dissolution studies were also conducted to investigate drug release. SEM studies showed that films containing a higher concentration of PVA had larger particles in microrange. FTIR studies confirmed the presence of the drug in films and indicated that ibuprofen sodium did not react with polymers. DSC studies confirmed the crystalline form of ibuprofen sodium when incorporated within films. In vitro dissolution studies found that the dissolution percentage of ibuprofen sodium alone was increased when incorporated within the film from 59 to 74%. This study led to the development of solid microcrystalline dispersion as a buccal film with a faster dissolution rate than the drug alone overcoming problem of poor solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Laura Modica de Mohac
- King's College London, London, UK. .,University of Study of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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Vaidya A, Mitragotri S. Ionic liquid-mediated delivery of insulin to buccal mucosa. J Control Release 2020; 327:26-34. [PMID: 32735879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Buccal drug delivery offers a potential non-invasive means of delivering therapeutics to patients. Despite the promise, the feasibility of transporting proteins and peptides into systemic circulation from buccal administration remains a daunting challenge. Here, we report the fabrication of a biodegradable polymeric patch for buccal delivery of insulin using chitosan as the mucoadhesive matrix and ionic liquids (ILs)/deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the transport facilitator. Insulin is mixed with ILs/DES made from Choline and Geranic acid (CAGE) to form a viscoelastic CAGE gel and sandwiched between two layers of a biodegradable polymer. The rheological properties of the CAGE gel were dominated by the elastic modulus and suggested a solid-like viscoelastic behavior. CAGE induced a 7-fold increase in the cumulative insulin transport across the ex vivo porcine buccal tissue (~26% of loaded insulin) which was also confirmed by confocal microscopy. The CAGE/insulin patches placed in the rat buccal pouch in vivo lowered blood glucose levels in a dose-dependent manner (up to 50% drop recorded) with no obvious tissue damage at the application site. The pharmacokinetic performance of the delivered insulin indicated a sustained profile as serum insulin levels plateaued after 3 h for the duration of study. The safety and efficacy of the polymeric patch using insulin as a model drug holds significant promise as a platform technology to deliver injectables through the buccal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Vaidya
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, 52 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Fonseca-Santos B, Silva PB, Rigon RB, Sato MR, Chorilli M. Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3623-3656. [PMID: 31232233 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190624155938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento Silva
- University of Brasilia (UnB), Department of Genetics and Morphology, Brasilia, Federal District 70910-970, Brazil
| | - Roberta Balansin Rigon
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rillo Sato
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Sao Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Medicines, Araraquara, Sao Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
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Németh C, Gyarmati B, Gacs J, Salakhieva DV, Molnár K, Abdullin T, László K, Szilágyi A. Fast dissolving nanofibrous matrices prepared by electrospinning of polyaspartamides. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kumar A, Naik PK, Pradhan D, Ghosh G, Rath G. Mucoadhesive formulations: innovations, merits, drawbacks, and future outlook. Pharm Dev Technol 2020; 25:797-814. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2020.1753771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | | | - Deepak Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Goutam Rath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Sofi HS, Abdal-Hay A, Ivanovski S, Zhang YS, Sheikh FA. Electrospun nanofibers for the delivery of active drugs through nasal, oral and vaginal mucosa: Current status and future perspectives. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 111:110756. [PMID: 32279775 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Transmucosal surfaces bypass many limitations associated with conventional drug delivery (oral and parenteral routes), such as poor absorption rate, enzymatic activity, acidic environment and first-pass metabolism occurring inside the liver. However, these surfaces have several disadvantages such as poor retention time, narrow absorption window and continuous washout of the drug by the surrounding fluids. Electrospun nanofibers with their unique surface properties and encapsulation efficiency may act as novel drug carriers to overcome the challenges associated with conventional drug delivery routes, so as to achieve desired therapeutic responses. This review article provides detailed information regarding the challenges faced in the mucosal delivery of drugs, and the use of nanofiber systems as an alternative to deliver drugs to the systemic circulation, as well as local drug administration. The physiological and anatomical features of different types of mucosal surfaces and current challenges are systematically discussed. We also address future considerations in the area of transmucosal delivery of some important drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasham S Sofi
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abdalla Abdal-Hay
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre Herston, 288 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia; Department of Engineering Materials and Mechanical Design, Faculty of Engineering, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Saso Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Oral Health Centre Herston, 288 Herston Road, Herston QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - Faheem A Sheikh
- Department of Nanotechnology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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45
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Pinto S, Pintado ME, Sarmento B. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro assessment of buccal permeation of drugs from delivery systems. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 17:33-48. [PMID: 31786958 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1699913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Buccal mucosa has been described as an attractive site for local and systemic drug delivery, owing its accessibility, safety, and excellent blood supply. The absorption of drugs through buccal mucosa has been assessed by in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies, using animal and cell-based models with close resemblance to the human buccal mucosa.Areas covered: This paper focuses on the current in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro permeability studies to analyze the absorption of compounds of interest through buccal mucosa, as well as their advantages and limitations in the preclinical studies of the drugs absorption profiles. The techniques for preparation and preservation of the animal buccal tissue are also discussed to evaluate their interference in the integrity and permeability of the tissues.Expert opinion: Overall, the permeability studies have been useful to evaluate the drugs absorption and to clarify the mechanism of transport of drugs across human buccal mucosa, as well as to explain the enhancement of permeability provided by certain dosage forms. Currently, several researchers have demonstrated particular interest in ex vivo permeability studies, due to their effectiveness in the evaluation of drug absorption and low costs in the acquisition of buccal mucosa samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, Portugal
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46
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Han W, Xie B, Li Y, Shi L, Wan J, Chen X, Wang H. Orally Deliverable Nanotherapeutics for the Synergistic Treatment of Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer. Theranostics 2019; 9:7458-7473. [PMID: 31695780 PMCID: PMC6831307 DOI: 10.7150/thno.38081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) poses substantial challenges for effective treatment. Currently, there is a considerable need for the development of orally bioavailable dosage forms that enable the safe and effective delivery of therapeutic drugs to local diseased lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. Experimental Design: In this study, we developed orally deliverable nanotherapeutics for the synergistic treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and CAC. Water-insoluble curcumin (CUR) and 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), which served as anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agents, respectively, were chemically engineered into hydrophilic mucoadhesive chitosan for the generation of chitosan-drug amphiphiles. Results: The resulting amphiphilic constructs formed core-shell nanostructures in aqueous solutions and were orally administered for in vivo therapeutic studies. Using a preclinical CAC mouse model, we showed that the orally delivered nanotherapeutics locally accumulated in inflamed intestinal regions and tumor tissues. Furthermore, the therapeutic synergy of the combined nanotherapeutics in CAC mice was evaluated. Compared with their individual drug forms, combined CUR and SN38 nanoparticles yielded synergistic effects to alleviate intestinal inflammation and protect mice from ulcerative colitis. Notably, the combinatorial therapy demonstrated a remarkable tumor shrinkage with only ~6% of the total tumors exceeding 4 mm in diameter, whereas ~35% of tumors were observed to exceed a diameter of 4 mm in the saline-treated CAC mice. These data suggest a new and reliable approach for improving the treatment of IBD and CAC. Conclusions: Our results showed that bioadhesive chitosan materials can be used to produce colloidal-stable nanotherapeutics that are suitable for oral delivery. Both nanotherapeutics exhibited substantial accumulation in inflamed intestinal regions and tumor tissues and showed good synergy for treating CAC, warranting further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Han
- Department of Medical Oncology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Binbin Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Yiran Li
- Department of Medical Oncology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Linlin Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, PR China
| | - Jianqin Wan
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Xiaona Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
| | - Hangxiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health; School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, PR China
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In vitro testing of flash-frozen sublingual membranes for storage and reproducible permeability studies of macromolecular drugs from solution or nanofiber mats. Int J Pharm 2019; 572:118711. [PMID: 31593804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Sublingual drug delivery allows systemic delivery of drug without difficulties connected with the gastrointestinal pathway. We developed a new simple protocol for easy-to-use processing and storage of porcine sublingual mucosal membrane for in vitro studies using "flash freezing" in liquid nitrogen. All the dextrans used as mucosal membrane integrity and permeability markers permeated only slowly through sublingual mucosa illustrating usability both the "fresh" and "flash frozen" sublingual membranes whereas conventional cold storage "frozen" membranes have shown significantly higher permeabilities for macromolecules due to the sustained damage. The permeability values were too low to expect dextrans to be potential carriers at this context. To test albumin as a drug carrier we compared FITC-albumin permeation from solutions vs. nanofiber mats donors. To increase the amounts and prolong the transport, we manufactured nanofiber mats loaded with fluorescently marked albumin using well-scalable electrospinning technology. Nanofiber mats have allowed albumin passage through the sublingual membrane in similar amounts as from the pure artificial saliva solution. Since salivary washout strictly limits the duration of liquid dosages, nanofiber mats may thus permit prolonged sublingual administration.
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48
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Emerging strategies for enhancing buccal and sublingual administration of nutraceuticals and pharamaceuticals. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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49
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Alshehri S, Shakeel F, Elzayat E, Almeanazel O, Altamimi M, Shazly G, Kazi M, Almutairy B, Alsulays B, Alshetaili A, Alalaiwe A, Repka M. Rat palatability, pharmacodynamics effect and bioavailability of mefenamic acid formulations utilizing hot-melt extrusion technology. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1610-1616. [PMID: 31311329 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1645161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiyaz Shakeel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab Elzayat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osaid Almeanazel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Shazly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bjad Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsulays
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alshetaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alalaiwe
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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50
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Zucchi A, Costantini E, Scroppo FI, Silvani M, Kopa Z, Illiano E, Petrillo MG, Cari L, Nocentini G. The first-generation phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors and their pharmacokinetic issue. Andrology 2019; 7:804-817. [PMID: 31350821 PMCID: PMC6790582 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a relatively frequent disease that negatively impacts the overall quality of life, well‐being, and relationships. Although the use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) has revolutionized the treatment of ED, a high percentage of ED patients discontinue PDE5i treatment. Objectives (i) To analyze the reasons for patient dissatisfaction leading to PDE5i discontinuation; (ii) analyze the pharmacokinetics of new formulations focusing on the time needed to reach an effective plasma concentration of PDE5is (Tonset) following drug intake; and (iii) summarize the physicochemical properties of sildenafil to understand which excipients may increase the absorption rate. Material and methods An online PubMed literature search was conducted to identify English language publications from inception to January 2019. Results The main reasons for patient dissatisfaction when using PDE5is on demand are the relatively long Tonset after taking vardenafil and sildenafil, including formulations such as film‐coated tablets, fine granules, orally disintegrating tablets (ODTs), and oral thin films (ODFs). The relatively long Tonset, further worsened when accompanied by eating, highlights the following: (i) the need for planning intercourse, determining partner‐related issues; (ii) issues when having sex before the maximum effect of the drug; and (iii) lower drug‐related placebo effects. Some data suggest that sildenafil is a ‘difficult’ molecule, but Tonset can be improved following absorption by buccal mucosa using appropriate excipients. Conclusions We conclude that several ODT and ODF formulations can improve the ‘discretion’ issue because they are taken without water, but they have similar pharmacokinetics to corresponding film‐coated tablet formulations. One ODF formulation of sildenafil was characterized by a shorter Tonset and could potentially increase patient satisfaction following treatment. However, more clinical studies are needed to confirm the findings. Surfactants and ascorbic acid appear to be crucial excipients for achieving a high absorption rate, but more studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zucchi
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Urology and Andrology Clinic, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Costantini
- Andrology and Urogynecological Clinic, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - F I Scroppo
- Urology Unit, Ospedale di Circolo di Varese, Varese, Italy
| | - M Silvani
- Urology Department, Santa Rita Clinic, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Z Kopa
- Andrology Centre, Department of Urology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - E Illiano
- Andrology and Urogynecological Clinic, Santa Maria Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M G Petrillo
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Services, NIEHS, NIH, Durham, NC, USA
| | - L Cari
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Nocentini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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