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Pereira-Silva M, Miranda-Pastoriza D, Diaz-Gomez L, Sotelo E, Paiva-Santos AC, Veiga F, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Gemcitabine-Vitamin E Prodrug-Loaded Micelles for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:95. [PMID: 38258105 PMCID: PMC10819901 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive cancer subtype presenting unmet clinical challenges. Conventional chemotherapy, which includes antimetabolite gemcitabine (GEM), is seriously undermined by a short half-life, its lack of targeting ability, and systemic toxicity. GEM incorporation in self-assembled nanosystems is still underexplored due to GEM's hydrophilicity which hinders efficient encapsulation. We hypothesized that vitamin E succinate-GEM prodrug (VES-GEM conjugate) combines hydrophobicity and multifunctionalities that can facilitate the development of Pluronic® F68 and Pluronic® F127 micelle-based nanocarriers, improving the therapeutic potential of GEM. Pluronic® F68/VES-GEM and Pluronic® F127/VES-GEM micelles covering a wide range of molar ratios were prepared by solvent evaporation applying different purification methods, and characterized regarding size, charge, polydispersity index, morphology, and encapsulation. Moreover, the effect of sonication and ultrasonication and the influence of a co-surfactant were explored together with drug release, stability, blood compatibility, efficacy against tumour cells, and cell uptake. The VES-GEM conjugate-loaded micelles showed acceptable size and high encapsulation efficiency (>95%) following an excipient reduction rationale. Pluronic® F127/VES-GEM micelles evidenced a superior VES-GEM release profile (cumulative release > 50%, pH = 7.4), stability, cell growth inhibition (<50% cell viability for 100 µM VES-GEM), blood compatibility, and extensive cell internalization, and therefore represent a promising approach to leveraging the efficacy and safety of GEM for PC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Pereira-Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Darío Miranda-Pastoriza
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Farmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (E.S.)
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Eddy Sotelo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Farmacy, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (E.S.)
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.P.-S.); (A.C.P.-S.); (F.V.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto de Materiales (iMATUS) and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
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Barnett C, Joubert F, Iliopoulou A, Álvarez RS, Pasparakis G. Photochemical Internalization Using Natural Anticancer Drugs, Antimetabolites, and Nanoformulations: A Systematic Study against Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1818-1841. [PMID: 36802639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical internalization (PCI) is a novel, minimally invasive drug delivery technology that facilitates the delivery of therapeutic molecules into the cytosol of cells. In this work, PCI was utilized in an effort to enhance the therapeutic index of the existing anticancer drugs as well as novel nanοformulations against breast and pancreatic cancer cells. Frontline anticancer drugs were tested with bleomycin as a benchmark PCI control; namely, three vinca alkaloids (vincristine, vinorelbine, and vinblastine), two taxanes (docetaxel and paclitaxel), two antimetabolites (gemcitabine and capecitabine), a combination of taxanes with antimetabolites, and two nano-sized formulations (squalene- and polymer-bound gemcitabine derivatives) were tested in a 3D PCI in vitro model. Strikingly, we discovered that several drug molecules exhibited remarkably augmented therapeutic activity by several orders of magnitude compared to their respective controls (without PCI technology or directly compared with bleomycin controls). Nearly all drug molecules showed enhanced therapeutic efficiency, but more interestingly, we traced several drug molecules that showed multi-fold enhancement (ranging from 5000- up to 170,000-fold enhancement) in their IC70 indices. Interestingly, PCI delivery of the vinca alkaloids (especially PCI-vincristine), and some of the nanoformulations tested, was seen to perform impressively across all of the treatment outcomes of potency, efficacy, and synergy─as determined by means of a cell viability assay. The study constitutes a systematic guide for the development of future PCI-based therapeutic modalities for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Barnett
- School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Fanny Joubert
- School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Alexandra Iliopoulou
- School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Raúl Sánchez Álvarez
- School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - George Pasparakis
- School of Pharmacy Brunswick Square, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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3
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Nucleoside transporters and immunosuppressive adenosine signaling in the tumor microenvironment: Potential therapeutic opportunities. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108300. [PMID: 36283452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine compartmentalization has a profound impact on immune cell function by regulating adenosine localization and, therefore, extracellular signaling capabilities, which suppresses immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment. Nucleoside transporters, responsible for the translocation and cellular compartmentalization of hydrophilic adenosine, represent an understudied yet crucial component of adenosine disposition in the tumor microenvironment. In this review article, we will summarize what is known regarding nucleoside transporter's function within the purinome in relation to currently devised points of intervention (i.e., ectonucleotidases, adenosine receptors) for cancer immunotherapy, alterations in nucleoside transporter expression reported in cancer, and potential avenues for targeting of nucleoside transporters for the desired modulation of adenosine compartmentalization and action. Further, we put forward that nucleoside transporters are an unexplored therapeutic opportunity, and modulation of nucleoside transport processes could attenuate the pathogenic buildup of immunosuppressive adenosine in solid tumors, particularly those enriched with nucleoside transport proteins.
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Baroud M, Lepeltier E, El-Makhour Y, Lautram N, Bejaud J, Thepot S, Duval O. Azacitidine Omega-3 Self-Assemblies: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potent Applications for Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:1317. [PMID: 34959720 PMCID: PMC8706301 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Azacitidine, a cytidine analogue used as a hypomethylating agent, is one of the main drugs for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the elderly. However, after administration, it exhibits several limitations, including restricted diffusion and cellular internalization due to its hydrophilicity, and a rapid enzymatic degradation by adenosine deaminase. The aim of this study was to improve the drug cell diffusion and protect it from metabolic degradation via the synthesis of amphiphilic prodrugs and their potential self-assembly. Azacitidine was conjugated to two different omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The carboxylic acid group of the omega-3 fatty acids was effectively conjugated to the amine group of the azacitidine base, yielding two amphiphilic prodrugs. Nanoprecipitation of the obtained prodrugs was performed and self-assemblies were successfully obtained for both prodrugs, with a mean diameter of 190 nm, a polydispersity index below 0.2 and a positive zeta potential. The formation of self-assemblies was confirmed using pyrene as a fluorescent dye, and the critical aggregation concentrations were determined: 400 µM for AzaEPA and 688 µM for AzaDHA. Additionally, the stability of the obtained self-assemblies was studied and after 5 days their final stable arrangement was reached. Additionally, cryo-TEM revealed that the self-assemblies attain a multilamellar vesicle supramolecular structure. Moreover, the obtained self-assemblies presented promising cytotoxicity on a leukemia human cell line, having a low IC50 value, comparable to that of free azacitidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Baroud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.); (N.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.); (N.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- Environmental Health Research Lab, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Nabatieh 1700, Lebanon;
| | - Nolwenn Lautram
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.); (N.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Jerome Bejaud
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.); (N.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Sylvain Thepot
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France;
- Federation Hospital of Universitaire Grand Ouest Acute Leukemia (FHU GOAL), 49933 Angers, France
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes Angers (CRCINA), INSERM, University of Angers, 49933 Angers, France
| | - Olivier Duval
- Micro & Nanomedecines Translationnelles (MINT), Inserm, The National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), SFR ICAT, University of Angers, 49000 Angers, France; (M.B.); (E.L.); (N.L.); (J.B.)
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Angers, 49933 Angers, France;
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Delaney LJ, Eisenbrey JR, Brown D, Brody JR, Jimbo M, Oeffinger BE, Stanczak M, Forsberg F, Liu JB, Wheatley MA. Gemcitabine-loaded microbubble system for ultrasound imaging and therapy. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:385-394. [PMID: 34082100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging presents many positive attributes, including safety, real-time imaging, universal accessibility, and cost. However, inherent difficulties in discrimination between soft tissues and tumors prompted development of stabilized microbubble contrast agents. This presents the opportunity to develop agents in which drug is entrapped in the microbubble shell. We describe preparation and characterization of theranostic poly(lactide) (PLA) and pegylated PLA (PEG-PLA) shelled microbubbles that entrap gemcitabine, a commonly used drug for pancreatic cancer (PDAC). Entrapping 6 wt% gemcitabine did not significantly affect drug activity, microbubble morphology, or ultrasound contrast activity compared with unmodified microbubbles. In vitro microbubble concentrations yielding ≥ 500nM entrapped gemcitabine were needed for complete cell death in MIA PaCa-2 PDAC drug sensitivity assays, compared with 62.5 nM free gemcitabine. In vivo administration of gemcitabine-loaded microbubbles to xenograft MIA PaCa-2 PDAC tumors in athymic mice was well tolerated and provided substantial tumoral image enhancement before and after destructive ultrasound pulses. However, no significant differences in tumor growth were observed among treatment groups, in keeping with the in vitro observation that much higher doses of gemcitabine are required to mirror free gemcitabine activity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The preliminary results shown here are encouraging and support further investigation into increased gemcitabine loading. Encapsulation of gemcitabine within polylactic acid (PLA) microbubbles does not damage its activity towards pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, PDAC) cells. Excellent imaging and evidence of penetration into the highly desmoplastic PDAC tumors is demonstrated. Microbubble destruction was confirmed in vivo, showing that elevated mechanical index shatters the microbubbles for enhanced delivery. The potential to slow PDAC growth in vivo is shown, but higher gemcitabine concentrations are required. Current efforts are directed at increasing drug loading by inclusion of drug-carrying nanoparticles for effective in vivo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Delaney
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John R Eisenbrey
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - David Brown
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brody
- Department of Surgery Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Masaya Jimbo
- Department of Surgery Jefferson Pancreas, Biliary, and Related Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian E Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maria Stanczak
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Margaret A Wheatley
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Baroud M, Lepeltier E, Thepot S, El-Makhour Y, Duval O. The evolution of nucleosidic analogues: self-assembly of prodrugs into nanoparticles for cancer drug delivery. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2157-2179. [PMID: 36133769 PMCID: PMC9418958 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs are essential tools in our limited arsenal in the fight against cancer. However, these structures face severe drawbacks such as rapid plasma degradation or hydrophilicity, limiting their clinical application. Here, different aspects of nucleoside and nucleotide analogs have been exposed, while providing their shortcomings. Aiming to improve their fate in the body and combating their drawbacks, two different approaches have been discussed, the prodrug and nanocarrier technologies. Finally, a novel approach called "PUFAylation" based on both the prodrug and nanocarrier technologies has been introduced, promising to be the supreme method to create a novel nucleoside or nucleotide analog based formulation, with enhanced efficacy and highly reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Baroud
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
| | - Elise Lepeltier
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
| | - Sylvain Thepot
- University Hospital of Angers, Hematology 49933 Angers France
- Université d'Angers, Inserm, CRCINA 49000 Angers France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire 'Grand Ouest Against Leukemia' (FHU GOAL) France
| | - Yolla El-Makhour
- Environmental Health Research Lab (EHRL), Faculty of Sciences V, Lebanese University Nabatieh Lebanon
| | - Olivier Duval
- Micro et Nanomédecines Translationnelles, MINT, UNIV Angers, UMR INSERM 1066, UMR CNRS 6021 Angers France
- University Hospital of Angers, Hematology 49933 Angers France
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7
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Gendron A, Lan Linh Tran N, Laloy J, Brusini R, Rachet A, Gobeaux F, Nicolas V, Chaminade P, Abreu S, Desmaële D, Varna M. New Nanoparticle Formulation for Cyclosporin A: In Vitro Assessment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010091. [PMID: 33445646 PMCID: PMC7828155 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a molecule with well-known immunosuppressive properties. As it also acts on the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), CsA has been evaluated for ischemic heart diseases (IHD). However, its distribution throughout the body and its physicochemical characteristics strongly limit the use of CsA for intravenous administration. In this context, nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as an opportunity to circumvent the above-mentioned limitations. We have developed in our laboratory an innovative nanoformulation based on the covalent bond between squalene (Sq) and cyclosporin A to avoid burst release phenomena and increase drug loading. After a thorough characterization of the bioconjugate, we proceeded with a nanoprecipitation in aqueous medium in order to obtain SqCsA NPs of well-defined size. The SqCsA NPs were further characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and their cytotoxicity was evaluated. As the goal is to employ them for IHD, we evaluated the cardioprotective capacity on two cardiac cell lines. A strong cardioprotective effect was observed on cardiomyoblasts subjected to experimental hypoxia/reoxygenation. Further research is needed in order to understand the mechanisms of action of SqCsA NPs in cells. This new formulation of CsA could pave the way for possible medical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Gendron
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Natalie Lan Linh Tran
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Julie Laloy
- Namur Nanosafety Centre, Department of Pharmacy, Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Romain Brusini
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Aurélie Rachet
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Gobeaux
- CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France;
| | - Valérie Nicolas
- Ingénierie et Plateformes au Service de l’Innovation (IPSIT), UMS IPSIT Université Paris-Saclay—US 31 INSERM—UMS 3679 CNRS, Plate-forme d’imagerie cellulaire MIPSIT, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Pierre Chaminade
- Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Sonia Abreu
- Lipides: Systèmes Analytiques et Biologiques, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (P.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Didier Desmaële
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
| | - Mariana Varna
- Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France; (A.G.); (N.L.L.T.); (R.B.); (A.R.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-0146835721
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8
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Ray P, Dutta D, Haque I, Nair G, Mohammed J, Parmer M, Kale N, Orr M, Jain P, Banerjee S, Reindl KM, Mallik S, Kambhampati S, Banerjee SK, Quadir M. pH-Sensitive Nanodrug Carriers for Codelivery of ERK Inhibitor and Gemcitabine Enhance the Inhibition of Tumor Growth in Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:87-100. [PMID: 33231464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a metabolic disorder, remains one of the leading cancer mortality sources worldwide. An initial response to treatments, such as gemcitabine (GEM), is often followed by emergent resistance reflecting an urgent need for alternate therapies. The PDAC resistance to GEM could be due to ERK1/2 activity. However, successful ERKi therapy is hindered due to low ligand efficiency, poor drug delivery, and toxicity. In this study, to overcome these limitations, we have designed pH-responsive nanoparticles (pHNPs) with a size range of 100-150 nm for the simultaneous delivery of ERKi (SCH 772984) and GEM with tolerable doses. These pHNPs are polyethylene glycol (PEG)-containing amphiphilic polycarbonate block copolymers with tertiary amine side chains. They are systemically stable and capable of improving in vitro and in vivo drug delivery at the cellular environment's acidic pH. The functional analysis indicates that the nanomolar doses of ERKi or GEM significantly decreased the 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of PDAC cells when encapsulated in pHNPs compared to free drugs. The combination of ERKi with GEM displayed a synergistic inhibitory effect. Unexpectedly, we uncover that the minimum effective dose of ERKi significantly promotes GEM activities on PDAC cells. Furthermore, we found that pHNP-encapsulated combination therapy of ERKi with GEM was superior to unencapsulated combination drug therapy. Our findings, thus, reveal a simple, yet efficient, drug delivery approach to overcome the limitations of ERKi for clinical applications and present a new model of sensitization of GEM by ERKi with no or minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ray
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Debasmita Dutta
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Gauthami Nair
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Jiyan Mohammed
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Meredith Parmer
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Narendra Kale
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Megan Orr
- Department of Statistics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Pooja Jain
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, United States
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Katie M Reindl
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Suman Kambhampati
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, United States
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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Chen Q, He Y, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang Y, Guo Q, Zhang Y, Chu Y, Liu P, Chen H, Zhou Z, Zhou W, Zhao Z, Li X, Sun T, Jiang C. Penetrable Nanoplatform for "Cold" Tumor Immune Microenvironment Reeducation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000411. [PMID: 32995118 PMCID: PMC7503208 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lack of tumor-infiltration lymphocytes (TILs) and resistances by overexpressed immunosuppressive cells (principally, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs)) in tumor milieu are two major challenges hindering the effectiveness of immunotherapy for "immune-cold" tumors. In addition, the natural physical barrier existing in solid cancer also limits deeper delivery of drugs. Here, a tumor-targeting and light-responsive-penetrable nanoplatform (Apt/PDGs^s@pMOF) is developed to elicit intratumoral infiltration of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and reeducate immunosuppressive microenvironment simultaneously. In particular, porphyrinic metal-organic framework (pMOF)-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) induces tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD) to promote CTLs intratumoral infiltration and hot "immune-cold" tumor. Upon being triggered by PDT, the nearly 10 nm adsorbed drug-loaded dendrimer de-shields from the nanoplatform and spreads into the deeper tumor, eliminating MDSCs and reversing immunosuppression, eventually reinforcing immune response. Meanwhile, the designed nanoplatform also has a systemic MDSC inhibition effect and moderate improvement of overall antitumor immune responses, resulting in effective suppression of distal tumors within less significant immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) induced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Yongqing He
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Yongchao Chu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Peixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Hongyi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Wenxi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Zhenhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Advanced MaterialsFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery (Ministry of Education)State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceInstitutes of Brain ScienceDepartment of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyResearch Center on Aging and MedicineFudan UniversityShanghai201203P. R. China
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10
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Mura S, Fattal E, Nicolas J. From poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) to squalene as core material for the design of nanomedicines. J Drug Target 2019; 27:470-501. [PMID: 30720372 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1579822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article covers the most important steps of the pioneering work of Patrick Couvreur and tries to shed light on his outstanding career that has been a source of inspiration for many decades. His discovery of biodegradable poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles (NPs) has opened large perspectives in nanomedicine. Indeed, NPs made from various types of alkyl cyanoacrylate monomers have been used in different applications, such as the treatment of intracellular infections or the treatment of multidrug resistant hepatocarcinoma. This latest application led to the Phase III clinical trial of Livatag®, a PACA nanoparticulate formulation of doxorubicin. Despite the success of PACA NPs, the development of a novel type of NP with higher drug loadings and lower burst release was tackled by the discovery of squalene-based nanomedicines where the drug is covalently linked to the lipid derivative and the resulting conjugate is self-assembled into NPs. This pioneering work was accompanied by a wide range of novel applications which mainly dealt with the management of unmet medical needs (e.g. pancreatic cancer, brain ischaemia and spinal cord injury).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Mura
- a Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Elias Fattal
- a Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France
| | - Julien Nicolas
- a Institut Galien Paris-Sud, UMR CNRS 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France
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11
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Ray P, Confeld M, Borowicz P, Wang T, Mallik S, Quadir M. PEG-b-poly (carbonate)-derived nanocarrier platform with pH-responsive properties for pancreatic cancer combination therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 174:126-135. [PMID: 30447521 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive nanoparticle platform, based on PEG-b-poly (carbonate) block copolymers have been proposed that can respond to low pH as found in many cancer micro- and intracellular environment, including that in pancreatic cancer. The hydrophobic domain, i.e., the poly (carbonate) segment has been substituted with tertiary amine side chains, such as N, N'-dibutylethylenediamine (pKa = 4.0, DB) and 2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-ethyl-amine (pka = 5.4, Py) to generate two different sets of block copolymers namely PEG-DB and PEG-PY systems. These side-chain appended amines promote disassembly of nanoparticles and activation of drug release in response to pH conditions mimicking extra- (pH 6.9-6.5) and intracellular compartments (5.5-4.5, from early endosome to lysosome) of cancer tissues respectively. A frontline chemotherapy used for pancreatic cancer, i.e., gemcitabine (GEM) and a Hedgehog inhibitor (GDC 0449) has been used as the model combination to evaluate the encapsulation and pH-dependent release efficiency of these block copolymers. We found that, depending on the tertiary amine side chains appended to the polycarbonate segment, these block copolymers self-assemble to form nanoparticles with the size range of 100-150 nm (with a critical association concentration value in the order of 10-6 M). We also demonstrated an approach where GEM and GDC 0449-encapsulated PEG-DB and PEG-PY nanoparticles, responsive to two different pH conditions, when mixed at a 1:1 vol ratio, yielded a pH-dependent co-release of the encapsulated contents. We envision that such release behaviour can be exploited to gain spatiotemporal control over drug accumulation in pathological compartments with different pH status. The mixture of pH-responsive nanoparticles was found to suppress pancreatic cancer cell proliferation when loaded with anticancer agents in vitro. Cell-proliferation assay showed that both variants of PEG-b-polycarbonate block copolymers were inherently non-toxic. We have also immobilized iRGD peptide on intracellularly activable PEG-DB systems to augment cellular uptake. These targeted nanoparticles were found to promote selective internalization of particles in pancreatic cancer cells and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ray
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Matthew Confeld
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Pawel Borowicz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Core Biology Facility, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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12
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Tucci ST, Seo JW, Kakwere H, Kheirolomoom A, Ingham ES, Mahakian LM, Tam S, Tumbale S, Baikoghli M, Cheng RH, Ferrara KW. A Scalable Method for Squalenoylation and Assembly of Multifunctional 64Cu-Labeled Squalenoylated Gemcitabine Nanoparticles. Nanotheranostics 2018; 2:387-402. [PMID: 30324084 PMCID: PMC6170330 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.26969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalenoylation of gemcitabine, a front-line therapy for pancreatic cancer, allows for improved cellular-level and system-wide drug delivery. The established methods to conjugate squalene to gemcitabine and to form nanoparticles (NPs) with the squalenoylated gemcitabine (SqGem) conjugate are cumbersome, time-consuming and can be difficult to reliably replicate. Further, the creation of multi-functional SqGem-based NP theranostics would facilitate characterization of in vivo pharmacokinetics and efficacy. Methods: Squalenoylation conjugation chemistry was enhanced to improve reliability and scalability using tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) protecting groups. We then optimized a scalable microfluidic mixing platform to produce SqGem-based NPs and evaluated the stability and morphology of select NP formulations using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxicity was evaluated in both PANC-1 and KPC (KrasLSL-G12D/+; Trp53LSL-R172H/+; Pdx-Cre) pancreatic cancer cell lines. A 64Cu chelator (2-S-(4-aminobenzyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid, NOTA) was squalenoylated and used with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to monitor the in vivo fate of SqGem-based NPs. Results: Squalenoylation yields of gemcitabine increased from 15% to 63%. Cholesterol-PEG-2k inclusion was required to form SqGem-based NPs using our technique, and additional cholesterol inclusion increased particle stability at room temperature; after 1 week the PDI of SqGem NPs with cholesterol was ~ 0.2 while the PDI of SqGem NPs lacking cholesterol was ~ 0.5. Similar or superior cytotoxicity was achieved for SqGem-based NPs compared to gemcitabine or Abraxane® when evaluated at a concentration of 10 µM. Squalenoylation of NOTA enabled in vivo monitoring of SqGem-based NP pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. Conclusion: We present a scalable technique for fabricating efficacious squalenoylated-gemcitabine nanoparticles and confirm their pharmacokinetic profile using a novel multifunctional 64Cu-SqNOTA-SqGem NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha T Tucci
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Jai W Seo
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Hamilton Kakwere
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Sarah Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Spencer Tumbale
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mo Baikoghli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - R Holland Cheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, USA
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13
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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14
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Amrutkar M, Gladhaug IP. Pancreatic Cancer Chemoresistance to Gemcitabine. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E157. [PMID: 29144412 PMCID: PMC5704175 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9110157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), commonly referred to as pancreatic cancer, ranks among the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world due to disease presentation at an advanced stage, early metastasis and generally a very limited response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Gemcitabine remains a cornerstone of PDAC treatment in all stages of the disease despite suboptimal clinical effects primarily caused by molecular mechanisms limiting its cellular uptake and activation and overall efficacy, as well as the development of chemoresistance within weeks of treatment initiation. To circumvent gemcitabine resistance in PDAC, several novel therapeutic approaches, including chemical modifications of the gemcitabine molecule generating numerous new prodrugs, as well as new entrapment designs of gemcitabine in colloidal systems such as nanoparticles and liposomes, are currently being investigated. Many of these approaches are reported to be more efficient than the parent gemcitabine molecule when tested in cellular systems and in vivo in murine tumor model systems; however, although promising, their translation to clinical use is still in a very early phase. This review discusses gemcitabine metabolism, activation and chemoresistance entities in the gemcitabine cytotoxicity pathway and provides an overview of approaches to override chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1057 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, PO Box 1171 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, PO Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Manzur A, Oluwasanmi A, Moss D, Curtis A, Hoskins C. Nanotechnologies in Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2017; 9:E39. [PMID: 28946666 PMCID: PMC5750645 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics9040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer has been classified as a cancer of unmet need. After diagnosis the patient prognosis is dismal with few surviving over 5 years. Treatment regimes are highly patient variable and often the patients are too sick to undergo surgical resection or chemotherapy. These chemotherapies are not effective often because patients are diagnosed at late stages and tumour metastasis has occurred. Nanotechnology can be used in order to formulate potent anticancer agents to improve their physicochemical properties such as poor aqueous solubility or prolong circulation times after administration resulting in improved efficacy. Studies have reported the use of nanotechnologies to improve the efficacy of gemcitabine (the current first line treatment) as well as investigating the potential of using other drug molecules which have previously shown promise but were unable to be utilised due to the inability to administer through appropriate routes-often related to solubility. Of the nanotechnologies reported, many can offer site specific targeting to the site of action as well as a plethora of other multifunctional properties such as image guidance and controlled release. This review focuses on the use of the major nanotechnologies both under pre-clinical development and those which have recently been approved for use in pancreatic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Manzur
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Adeolu Oluwasanmi
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Darren Moss
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Anthony Curtis
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
| | - Clare Hoskins
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Science and Technology for Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 6DB, UK.
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16
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Birhanu G, Javar HA, Seyedjafari E, Zandi-Karimi A. Nanotechnology for delivery of gemcitabine to treat pancreatic cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:635-643. [PMID: 28142120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most deadly and quickly fatal human cancers with a 5-year mortality rate close to 100%. Its prognosis is very poor, mainly because of its hostile biological behavior and late onset of symptoms for clinical diagnosis; these bring limitations on therapeutic interventions. Factors contributing for the difficulties in treating PC include: high rate of drug resistance, fast metastasis to different organs, poor prognosis and relapse of the tumor after therapy. After being approved by US FDA 1997, Gemcitabine (Gem) is the first line and the gold standard drug for all stages of advanced PC till now. However, its efficacy is unsatisfactory, mainly due to; its chemical instability and poor cellular uptake, resulting in an extremely short half-life and low bioavailability. To solve this drawbacks and increase the therapeutic outcome important progress has been achieved in the field of nanotechnology and offers a promising and effective alternative. This review mainly focus on the most commonly investigated nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems of Gem for PC treatment and the latest progresses achieved. Novel nanocarriers with better tumor targeting efficiencies and maximum treatment outcome to treat this deadly due are given much attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremariam Birhanu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran, Iran; School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Akbari Javar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Seyedjafari
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Zandi-Karimi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Kurzątkowska K, Santiago T, Hepel M. Plasmonic nanocarrier grid-enhanced Raman sensor for studies of anticancer drug delivery. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:780-787. [PMID: 28142123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery systems using nanoparticle nanocarriers offer remarkable promise for cancer therapy by discriminating against devastating cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs to healthy cells. To aid in the development of new drug nanocarriers, we propose a novel plasmonic nanocarrier grid-enhanced Raman sensor which can be applied for studies and testing of drug loading onto the nanocarriers, attachment of targeting ligands, dynamics of drug release, assessment of nanocarrier stability in biological environment, and general capabilities of the nanocarrier. The plasmonic nanogrid sensor offers strong Raman enhancement due to the overlapping plasmonic fields emanating from the nearest-neighbor gold nanoparticle nanocarriers and creating the enhancement "hot spots". The sensor has been tested for immobilization of an anticancer drug gemcitabine (2',2'-difluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, GEM) which is used in treatment of pancreatic tumors. The drawbacks of currently applied treatment include high systemic toxicity, rapid drug decay, and low efficacy (ca. 20%). Therefore, the development of a targeted GEM delivery system is highly desired. We have demonstrated that the proposed nanocarrier SERS sensor can be utilized to investigate attachment of targeting ligands to nanocarriers (attachment of folic acid ligand recognized by folate receptors of cancer cells is described). Further testing of the nanocarrier SERS sensor involved drug release induced by lowering pH and increasing GSH levels, both occurring in cancer cells. The proposed sensor can be utilized for a variety of drugs and targeting ligands, including those which are Raman inactive, since the linkers can act as the Raman markers, as illustrated with mercaptobenzoic acid and para-aminothiophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kurzątkowska
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
| | - Ty Santiago
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA
| | - Maria Hepel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Potsdam, Potsdam, NY 13676, USA.
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18
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Sobot D, Mura S, Couvreur P. How can nanomedicines overcome cellular-based anticancer drug resistance? J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:5078-5100. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00900j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the mechanisms of anticancer drug resistance according to its cellular level of action and outlines the nanomedicine-based strategies adopted to overcome it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Sobot
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Simona Mura
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
| | - Patrick Couvreur
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud
- UMR 8612
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
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19
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Patel PL, Rana NK, Patel MR, Kozuch SD, Sabatino D. Nucleic Acid Bioconjugates in Cancer Detection and Therapy. ChemMedChem 2015; 11:252-69. [PMID: 26663095 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside- and nucleotide-based chemotherapeutics have been used to treat cancer for more than 50 years. However, their inherent cytotoxicities and the emergent resistance of tumors against treatment has inspired a new wave of compounds in which the overall pharmacological profile of the bioactive nucleic acid component is improved by conjugation with delivery vectors, small-molecule drugs, and/or imaging modalities. In this manner, nucleic acid bioconjugates have the potential for targeting and effecting multiple biological processes in tumors, leading to synergistic antitumor effects. Consequently, tumor resistance and recurrence is mitigated, leading to more effective forms of cancer therapy. Bioorthogonal chemistry has led to the development of new nucleoside bioconjugates, which have served to improve treatment efficacy en route towards FDA approval. Similarly, oligonucleotide bioconjugates have shown encouraging preclinical and clinical results. The modified oligonucleotides and their pharmaceutically active formulations have addressed many weaknesses of oligonucleotide-based drugs. They have also paved the way for important advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Cancer-targeting ligands such as small-molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibody fragments have all been successfully applied in oligonucleotide bioconjugation and have shown promising anticancer effects in vitro and in vivo. Thus, the application of bioorthogonal chemistry will, in all likelihood, continue to supply a promising pipeline of nucleic acid bioconjugates for applications in cancer detection and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeepkumar L Patel
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Inc., Analytical Research and Development, 270 Prospect Plains Road, Cranbury, NJ, 08512, USA
| | - Niki K Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Mayurbhai R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - Stephen D Kozuch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA
| | - David Sabatino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Seton Hall University, 400 South Orange Avenue, South Orange, NJ, 07079, USA.
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