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Elsayed MM, Alfagih IM, Brockbank K, Alheibshy F, Aodah AH, Ali R, Almansour K, Shalash AO. Fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The interplay of particle size and concentration effects. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100251. [PMID: 38799178 PMCID: PMC11127535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The contributions of fine excipient materials to drug dispersibility from carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations are well recognized, although they are not completely understood. To improve the understanding of these contributions, we investigated the influences of the particle size of the fine excipient materials on characteristics of carrier-based DPI formulations. We studied two particle size grades of silica microspheres, with volume median diameters of 3.31 μm and 8.14 μm, as fine excipient materials. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a lactose carrier material, one of the fine excipient materials (2.5% or 15.0% w/w), and a drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5% w/w) were prepared. The physical microstructure, the rheological properties, the aerosolization pattern, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. At low concentration, the large silica microspheres had a more beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, only the small silica microspheres had a beneficial influence on the drug dispersibility. The results reveal influences of fine excipient materials on mixing mechanics. At low concentration, the fine particles improved deaggregation and distribution of the drug particles over the surfaces of the carrier particles. The large silica microspheres were associated with a greater mixing energy and a greater improvement in the drug dispersibility than the small silica microspheres. At high concentration, the large silica microspheres kneaded the drug particles onto the surfaces of the carrier particles and thus impaired the drug dispersibility. As a critical attribute of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations, the particle size demands robust specification setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M.A. Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M. Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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Elsayed MMA, Alfagih IM, Brockbank K, Aodah AH, Ali R, Almansour K, Shalash AO. Critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations: The particle shape and surface properties. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123966. [PMID: 38452834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The potential of fine excipient materials to improve the aerodynamic performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) formulations is well acknowledged but not fully elucidated. To improve the understanding of this potential, we studied two fine excipient materials: micronized lactose particles and silica microspheres. Inhalation formulations, each composed of a coarse lactose carrier, one of the two fine excipient materials (0.0-15.0 % w/w), and a spray-dried drug (fluticasone propionate) material (1.5 % w/w) were prepared. The physical structure, the flow behavior, the aerosolization behavior, and the aerodynamic performance of the formulations were studied. The two fine excipient materials similarly occupied carrier surface macropores. However, only the micronized lactose particles formed agglomerates and appeared to increase the tensile strength of the formulations. At 2.5 % w/w, the two fine excipient materials similarly improved drug dispersibility, whereas at higher concentrations, the micronized lactose material was more beneficial than the silica microspheres. The findings suggest that fine excipient materials improve drug dispersibility from carrier-based DPI formulations at low concentrations by filling carrier surface macropores and at high concentrations by forming agglomerates and/or enforcing fluidization. The study emphasizes critical attributes of fine excipient materials in carrier-based DPI formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Alhassan H Aodah
- Advanced Diagnostics and Therapeutics Institute, Health Sector, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Manipulation of Spray-Drying Conditions to Develop an Inhalable Ivermectin Dry Powder. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071432. [PMID: 35890327 PMCID: PMC9325229 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, predominantly affects the respiratory tract. As a consequence, it seems intuitive to develop antiviral agents capable of targeting the virus right on its main anatomical site of replication. Ivermectin, a U.S. FDA-approved anti-parasitic drug, was originally shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, albeit at relatively high concentrations, which is difficult to achieve in the lung. In this study, we tested the spray-drying conditions to develop an inhalable dry powder formulation that could ensure sufficient antiviral drug concentrations, which are difficult to achieve in the lungs based on the oral dosage used in clinical trials. Here, by using ivermectin as a proof-of-concept, we evaluated spray-drying conditions that could lead to the development of antivirals in an inhalable dry powder formulation, which could then be used to ensure sufficient drug concentrations in the lung. Thus, we used ivermectin in proof-of-principle experiments to evaluate our system, including physical characterization and in vitro aerosolization of prepared dry powder. The ivermectin dry powder was prepared with a mini spray-dryer (Buchi B-290), using a 23 factorial design and manipulating spray-drying conditions such as feed concentration (0.2% w/v and 0.8% w/v), inlet temperature (80 °C and 100 °C) and presence/absence of L-leucine (0% and 10%). The prepared dry powder was in the size range of 1−5 μm and amorphous in nature with wrinkle morphology. We observed a higher fine particle fraction (82.5 ± 1.4%) in high feed concentration (0.8% w/v), high inlet temperature (100 °C) and the presence of L-leucine (10% w/w). The stability study conducted for 28 days confirmed that the spray-dried powder was stable at 25 ± 2 °C/<15% RH and 25 ± 2 °C/ 53% RH. Interestingly, the ivermectin dry powder formulation inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro with a potency similar to ivermectin solution (EC50 values of 15.8 µM and 14.1 µM, respectively), with a comparable cell toxicity profile in Calu-3 cells. In summary, we were able to manipulate the spray-drying conditions to develop an effective ivermectin inhalable dry powder. Ongoing studies based on this system will allow the development of novel formulations based on single or combinations of drugs that could be used to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in the respiratory tract.
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Zhu J. The future of dry powder inhaled therapy: Promising or Discouraging for systemic disorders? Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121457. [PMID: 35026316 PMCID: PMC8744475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation therapy has been shown to be an effective method for treating respiratory diseases like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Cystic Fibrosis. It has also been widely accepted and used in clinical practices. Such success has led to great interest in inhaled therapy on treating systemic diseases in the past two decades. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic also has increased such interest and is triggering more potential applications of dry powder inhalation therapy in vaccines and antivirus drugs. Would the inhaled dry powder therapy on systemic disorders be as encouraging as expected? This paper reviews the marketed and in-development dry powder inhaler (DPI) products on the treatment of systemic diseases, their status in clinical trials, as well as the potential for COVID-19 treatment. The advancements and unmet problems on DPI systems are also summarized. With countless attempts behind and more challenges ahead, it is believed that the dry powder inhaled therapy for the treatment of systemic disorders still holds great potential and promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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Almansour K, Alfagih IM, Shalash AO, Brockbank K, Ali R, Freeman T, Elsayed MMA. Insights into the potential of rheological measurements in development of dry powder inhalation formulations. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121407. [PMID: 34942326 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Study of flow is a key to development of dry powder inhalation formulations. Various static (bulk) and dynamic rheological measurements are used to study different aspects of powder flow and packing. Among rheological measurements, the permeability and the fluidization energy are, conceptually, most relevant to dispersion of dry powder inhalation formulations. The aim of the current study was to test the robustness and the range of applications of the two measurements, among other rheological measurements. To this end, we prepared and studied a series of ternary, carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations. The formulations were mixtures of coarse-fine excipient (α-lactose monohydrate) blends, with different fine excipient concentrations (0.0-15.0 % w/w), and a spray-dried drug (fluticasone propionate) material. The excipient blends were characterized in terms of morphology, size, crystallinity and rheological properties. The formulations were evaluated in vitro using a low resistance inhalation device, the Cyclohaler®, and a high resistance inhalation device, the Handihaler®. The study design aimed to complement literature data. Bulk rheological measurements, specifically the bulk density, the compressibility, and the permeability, exhibited satisfactory precision and could demonstrate changes in powder composition and structure. They hold a potential for use as critical material attributes to aid monitoring and optimization of carrier-based dry powder inhalation formulations in quality-by-design systems. On the other hand, dynamic rheological measurements, specifically the basic flowability energy, the specific energy, and the fluidization energy, generally exhibited high variability, which obscured interpretation of the measurements and implied heterogeneous powder structures. The fluidization energy could, nevertheless, convey structural changes taking place during powder fluidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Almansour
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iman M Alfagih
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Raisuddin Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tim Freeman
- Freeman Technology Ltd., Tewkesbury, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa M A Elsayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Chen T, Ma Z, Qiu Z, Zhong Z, Xing L, Guo Q, Luo D, Weng Z, Ge F, Huang Y, Zhang X, He H, Zhuang X, Li Q, Yuan T. Characterization of excipients to improve pharmaceutical properties of sirolimus in the supercritical anti-solvent fluidized process. Int J Pharm 2021; 611:121240. [PMID: 34780928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced drug release and bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can be achieved via a fluidized bed coating integrated with supercritical anti-solvent (SAS-FB) - a process of precipitating drug particles onto carrier granules. However, in the absence of excipients, SAS-FB often results in crystalline of the API on the surface of carriers, limiting the improvement of pharmaceutical properties. Co-processing with excipients is considered an effective approach to improve drug release in the SAS-FB process. Our study used sirolimus, an immune suppressive agent, as the model API to characterize excipients for their effect on pharmaceutical properties in the SAS-FB process. We show that co-precipitation of excipients and sirolumus impacts on carrier specific surface area and drug yield. Among the tested excipients, formulation containing polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 achieved the highest drug yield. Importantly, compared with Rapamune® tablet, our optimized formulation displayed a superior in vivo oral bioavailability by 3.05-fold in Sprague-Dawley rats and 3.99-fold in beagle dogs. A series of characterization of the processed API was performed to understand the mechanism by which excipients contributed to drug dissolution properties. Our study provides a useful guidance for the use of excipients in the SAS-FB technology to improve pharmaceutical properties of sirolimus and other poorly soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhimin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenwen Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Equipment, Foshan Chancheng People's Hospital, Foshan 528000, PR China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Qiuping Guo
- Drug Non-Clinical Evaluation and Research Center of Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou 510240, PR China
| | - Dandong Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Fucheng Ge
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Yating Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiubing Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China
| | - Hongling He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Qingguo Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Tianhui Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, PR China.
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Mannitol Polymorphs as Carrier in DPIs Formulations: Isolation Characterization and Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081113. [PMID: 34452073 PMCID: PMC8401007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for best performing carriers for dry powder inhalers is getting a great deal of interest to overcome the limitations posed by lactose. The aerosolization of adhesive mixtures between a carrier and a micronized drug is strongly influenced by the carrier solid-state properties. This work aimed at crystallizing kinetically stable D-mannitol polymorphs and at investigating their aerosolization performance when used in adhesive mixtures with two model drugs (salbutamol sulphate, SS, and budesonide, BUD) using a median and median/high resistance inhaler. A further goal was to assess in vitro the cytocompatibility of the produced polymer-doped mannitol polymorphs toward two lung epithelial cell lines. Kinetically stable (up to 12 months under accelerate conditions) α, and δ mannitol forms were crystallized in the presence of 2% w/w PVA and 1% w/w PVP respectively. These solid phases were compared with the β form and lactose as references. The solid-state properties of crystallized mannitol significantly affected aerosolization behavior, with the δ form affording the worst fine particle fraction with both the hydrophilic (9.3 and 6.5%) and the lipophilic (19.6 and 32%) model drugs, while α and β forms behaved in the same manner (11–13% for SS; 53–58% for BUD) and better than lactose (8 and 13% for SS; 26 and 39% for BUD). Recrystallized mannitol, but also PVA and PVP, proved to be safe excipients toward lung cell lines. We concluded that, also for mannitol, the physicochemical properties stemming from different crystal structures represent a tool for modulating carrier-drug interaction and, in turn, aerosolization performance.
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Spherical agglomerates of lactose as potential carriers for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:11-20. [PMID: 33358941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here on spherical lactose agglomerates as potential carriers for inhalation applications. Micromeritic properties of three spherical lactose agglomerates (SA-A, SA-B, SA-C) and a standard lactose inhalation grade carrier (Lactohale 100; LH100) were evaluated and compared. Ordered mixtures with micronized salbutamol sulfate as the model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and lactose carriers at two drug loadings (2 wt%, 5 wt%) were prepared, and in-vitro aerosolization performance was assessed. The spherical crystallization process led to particles with tailored micromeritic properties. These had larger specific surface area and greater fine fraction < 10 µm, compared to LH100, due to their coarse morphology. Their properties were reflected in the flowability parameters, where two types of spherical agglomerates of lactose showed more cohesive behavior compared to the other lactose grades. Blend uniformity showed improved homogeneous distribution of the API at higher drug load. In-vitro aerosolization tests showed that the spherical agglomerates of lactose enhanced the dose of API, compared to LH100. SA-B and SA-C showed significantly higher fine particle fractions at low drug load compared to the others, whereas overall, the largest fine particle fraction was for SA-B at high drug load. The carrier material attributes related to particle size, specific surface area, compressibility, flowability (cohesion, flow function), and air permeability were critical for aerosolization performance.
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Microstructural characterization of carrier-based dry powder inhalation excipients: Insights and guidance. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118482. [PMID: 31260786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in development of dry powder inhalation (DPI) products raises a need for development of standard testing methods and specifications for DPI excipients. The pharmaceutical industry, meanwhile, yet lacks compendial guidance on this topic. Despite of the complexity of interactions taking place in DPI systems and the large number and variety of interplaying factors, understanding of key determinants of performance (critical quality attributes) of DPI excipients have considerably developed over the past years. In light of the current knowledge in this area, this article provides technical guidance and insights on testing and quality control of carrier-based-DPI excipients. These excipients are, typically, blends of coarse, carrier particles and fine, performance-modulating particles. The article explores techniques used for measurement of key microstructural attributes, namely the particle size distribution, the porosity and the particle surface roughness, the particle shape, rheological properties, and the permeability, of these excipients. The technical relevance of each measurement to the functionality of the excipients is critically discussed. In this regard, caveats concerning use of some measurements and data analysis procedures are raised. The guidance lends itself for compendial adoption.
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O'Connor G, Krishnan N, Fagan-Murphy A, Cassidy J, O'Leary S, Robertson BD, Keane J, O'Sullivan MP, Cryan SA. Inhalable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles encapsulating all-trans-Retinoic acid (ATRA) as a host-directed, adjunctive treatment for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 134:153-165. [PMID: 30385419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ending the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2030 was recently listed in the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals alongside HIV/AIDS and malaria as it continues to be a major cause of death worldwide. With a significant proportion of TB cases caused by resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), there is an urgent need to develop new and innovative approaches to treatment. Since 1989, researchers have been assessing the anti-bacterial effects of the active metabolite of vitamin A, all trans-Retinoic acid (ATRA) solution, in Mtb models. More recently the antibacterial effect of ATRA has been shown to regulate the immune response to infection via critical gene expression, monocyte activation and the induction of autophagy leading to its application as a host-directed therapy (HDT). Inhalation is an attractive route for targeted treatment of TB, and therefore we have developed ATRA-loaded microparticles (ATRA-MP) within the inhalable size range (2.07 ± 0.5 µm) offering targeted delivery of the encapsulated cargo (70.5 ± 2.3%) to the site of action within the alveolar macrophage, which was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Efficient cellular delivery of ATRA was followed by a reduction in Mtb growth (H37Ra) in THP-1 derived macrophages evaluated by both the BACT/ALERT® system and enumeration of colony forming units (CFU). The antibacterial effect of ATRA-MP treatment was further assessed in BALB/c mice infected with the virulent strain of Mtb (H37Rv). ATRA-MP treatments significantly decreased the bacterial burden in the lungs alongside a reduction in pulmonary pathology following just three doses administered intratracheally. The immunomodulatory effects of targeted ATRA treatment in the lungs indicate a distinct yet effective mechanism of action amongst the formulations. This is the first study to-date of a controlled release ATRA treatment for TB suitable for inhalation that offers improved targeting of a HDT, retains antibacterial efficacy and improves pulmonary pathology compared to ATRA solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma O'Connor
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ardilaun House, 121 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), NUI Galway, Ireland; Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translation Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Nitya Krishnan
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Aidan Fagan-Murphy
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ardilaun House, 121 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), NUI Galway, Ireland.
| | - Joseph Cassidy
- Pathobiology Section, UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Seonadh O'Leary
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translation Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Brian D Robertson
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Joseph Keane
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translation Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Mary P O'Sullivan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translation Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland.
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Drug Delivery and Advanced Materials Team, School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Ardilaun House, 121 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Ireland and Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), NUI Galway, Ireland.
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11
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Shalash AO, Khalafallah NM, Molokhia AM, Elsayed MMA. The Relationship Between the Permeability and the Performance of Carrier-Based Dry Powder Inhalation Mixtures: New Insights and Practical Guidance. AAPS PharmSciTech 2018; 19:912-922. [PMID: 29063377 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The permeability of a powder bed reflects its particle size distribution, shape, packing, porosity, cohesivity, and tensile strength in a manner relevant to powder fluidization. The relationship between the permeability and the performance of carrier-based dry powder inhalation (DPI) mixtures has, however, aroused controversy. The current study sought to gain new insights into the relationship and to explore its potential applications. We studied eight lactose materials as DPI carriers. The carriers covered a broad permeability range of 0.42-13.53 D and moreover differed in particle size distribution, particle shape, crystal form, and/or porosity. We evaluated the performance of inhalation mixtures of each of these carriers and fluticasone propionate after aerosolization from an Aerolizer®, a model turbulent-shear inhaler, at a flow rate of 60 L/min. Starting from the high permeability side, the inhalation mixture performance increased as the carrier permeability decreased until optimum performance was reached at permeability of ~ 3.2 D. Increased resistance to air flow strengthens aerodynamic dispersion forces. The inhalation mixture performance then decreased as the carrier permeability further decreased. Very high resistance to air flow restricts powder dispersion. The permeability accounted for effects of carrier size, shape, and macroporosity on the performance. We confirmed the relationship by analysis of two literature permeability-performance datasets, representing measurements that differ from ours in terms of carrier grades, drug, technique used to determine permeability, turbulent-shear inhaler, and/or aerosolization flow rate. Permeability provides useful information that can aid development of DPI mixtures for turbulent-shear inhalers. A practical guidance is provided.
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Rawal T, Kremer L, Halloum I, Butani S. Dry-Powder Inhaler Formulation of Rifampicin: An Improved Targeted Delivery System for Alveolar Tuberculosis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2017; 30:388-398. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2017.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tejal Rawal
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Laurent Kremer
- Centred'étude des Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Iman Halloum
- Centred'étude des Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé, Montpellier, France
| | - Shital Butani
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Gujarat, Ahmedabad, India
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13
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Kim KS, Kim JH, Jin SG, Kim DW, Kim JO, Yong CS, Youn YS, Oh KT, Woo JS, Choi HG. Formulation of novel dry powder inhalation for fluticasone propionate and salmeterol xinafoate with capsule-based device. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:158-166. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1342656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wuk Kim
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Soo Woo
- Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Hanmi Pharm. Co., Hwaseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy & Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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14
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Predicting the Fine Particle Fraction of Dry Powder Inhalers Using Artificial Neural Networks. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:313-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Miyazaki Y, Sugihara H, Nishiura A, Kadota K, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Application of combinational supercritical CO2 techniques to the preparation of inhalable particles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Yazdi AK, Smyth HD. Carrier-free high-dose dry powder inhaler formulation of ibuprofen: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro aerodynamic performance. Int J Pharm 2016; 511:403-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.06.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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van Wachem B, Thalberg K, Remmelgas J, Niklasson-Björn I. Simulation of dry powder inhalers: Combining micro-scale, meso-scale and macro-scale modeling. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berend van Wachem
- Division of Thermofluids, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Imperial College London; Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ U.K
| | - Kyrre Thalberg
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D; Mölndal 438183 Sweden
| | - Johan Remmelgas
- Pharmaceutical Development, AstraZeneca R&D; Mölndal 438183 Sweden
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18
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High shear mixing of lactose and salmeterol xinafoate dry powder blends: Biopharmaceutic and aerodynamic performances. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2015.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Buttini F, Pasquali I, Brambilla G, Copelli D, Alberi MD, Balducci AG, Bettini R, Sisti V. Multivariate Analysis of Effects of Asthmatic Patient Respiratory Profiles on the In Vitro Performance of a Reservoir Multidose and a Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhaler. Pharm Res 2015; 33:701-15. [PMID: 26572643 PMCID: PMC4744254 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1820-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of two different dry powder inhalers, of the NGI induction port and Alberta throat and of the actual inspiratory profiles of asthmatic patients on in-vitro drug inhalation performances. METHODS The two devices considered were a reservoir multidose and a capsule-based inhaler. The formulation used to test the inhalers was a combination of formoterol fumarate and beclomethasone dipropionate. A breath simulator was used to mimic inhalatory patterns previously determined in vivo. A multivariate approach was adopted to estimate the significance of the effect of the investigated variables in the explored domain. RESULTS Breath simulator was a useful tool to mimic in vitro the in vivo inspiratory profiles of asthmatic patients. The type of throat coupled with the impactor did not affect the aerodynamic distribution of the investigated formulation. However, the type of inhaler and inspiratory profiles affected the respirable dose of drugs. CONCLUSIONS The multivariate statistical approach demonstrated that the multidose inhaler, released efficiently a high fine particle mass independently from the inspiratory profiles adopted. Differently, the single dose capsule inhaler, showed a significant decrease of fine particle mass of both drugs when the device was activated using the minimum inspiratory volume (592 mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Buttini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy. .,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, SE19NH, London, UK.
| | - Irene Pasquali
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Diego Copelli
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Anna Giulia Balducci
- Interdepartmental Center, Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Viviana Sisti
- Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, Via Palermo 26, 43122, Parma, Italy
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20
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Muddle J, Murnane D, Parisini I, Brown M, Page C, Forbes B. Interaction of Formulation and Device Factors Determine the In Vitro Performance of Salbutamol Sulphate Dry Powders for Inhalation. J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Buttini F, Brambilla G, Copelli D, Sisti V, Balducci AG, Bettini R, Pasquali I. Effect of Flow Rate on In Vitro Aerodynamic Performance of NEXThaler(®) in Comparison with Diskus(®) and Turbohaler(®) Dry Powder Inhalers. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2015; 29:167-78. [PMID: 26355743 PMCID: PMC4841907 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2015.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: European and United States Pharmacopoeia compendial procedures for assessing the in vitro emitted dose and aerodynamic size distribution of a dry powder inhaler require that 4.0 L of air at a pressure drop of 4 kPa be drawn through the inhaler. However, the product performance should be investigated using conditions more representative of what is achievable by the patient population. This work compares the delivered dose and the drug deposition profile at different flow rates (30, 40, 60, and 90 L/min) of Foster NEXThaler® (beclomethasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate), Seretide® Diskus® (fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate), and Symbicort® Turbohaler® (budesonide/formoterol fumarate). Methods: The delivered dose uniformity was tested using a dose unit sampling apparatus (DUSA) at inhalation volumes either 2.0 or 4.0 L and flow rates 30, 40, 60, or 90 L/min. The aerodynamic assessment was carried out using a Next Generation Impactor by discharging each inhaler at 30, 40, 60, or 90 L/min for a time sufficient to obtain an air volume of 4 L. Results: Foster® NEXThaler® and Seretide® Diskus® showed a consistent dose delivery for both the drugs included in the formulation, independently of the applied flow rate. Contrary, Symbicort® Turbohaler® showed a high decrease of the emitted dose for both budesonide and formoterol fumarate when the device was operated at airflow rate lower that 60 L/min. The aerosolizing performance of NEXThaler® and Diskus® was unaffected by the flow rate applied. Turbohaler® proved to be the inhaler most sensitive to changes in flow rate in terms of fine particle fraction (FPF) for both components. Among the combinations tested, Foster NEXThaler® was the only one capable to deliver around 50% of extra-fine particles relative to delivered dose. Conclusions: NEXThaler® and Diskus® were substantially unaffected by flow rate through the inhaler in terms of both delivered dose and fine particle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Buttini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parma, Italy .,2 Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London , London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Anna Giulia Balducci
- 4 Interdepartmental Center, Biopharmanet-TEC, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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