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Gonçalves LFFF, Reis RL, Fernandes EM. Forefront Research of Foaming Strategies on Biodegradable Polymers and Their Composites by Thermal or Melt-Based Processing Technologies: Advances and Perspectives. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1286. [PMID: 38732755 PMCID: PMC11085284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed significant advances in the development of polymeric-based foam materials. These materials find several practical applications in our daily lives due to their characteristic properties such as low density, thermal insulation, and porosity, which are important in packaging, in building construction, and in biomedical applications, respectively. The first foams with practical applications used polymeric materials of petrochemical origin. However, due to growing environmental concerns, considerable efforts have been made to replace some of these materials with biodegradable polymers. Foam processing has evolved greatly in recent years due to improvements in existing techniques, such as the use of supercritical fluids in extrusion foaming and foam injection moulding, as well as the advent or adaptation of existing techniques to produce foams, as in the case of the combination between additive manufacturing and foam technology. The use of supercritical CO2 is especially advantageous in the production of porous structures for biomedical applications, as CO2 is chemically inert and non-toxic; in addition, it allows for an easy tailoring of the pore structure through processing conditions. Biodegradable polymeric materials, despite their enormous advantages over petroleum-based materials, present some difficulties regarding their potential use in foaming, such as poor melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, low service temperature, low toughness, and high brittleness, which limits their field of application. Several strategies were developed to improve the melt strength, including the change in monomer composition and the use of chemical modifiers and chain extenders to extend the chain length or create a branched molecular structure, to increase the molecular weight and the viscosity of the polymer. The use of additives or fillers is also commonly used, as fillers can improve crystallization kinetics by acting as crystal-nucleating agents. Alternatively, biodegradable polymers can be blended with other biodegradable polymers to combine certain properties and to counteract certain limitations. This work therefore aims to provide the latest advances regarding the foaming of biodegradable polymers. It covers the main foaming techniques and their advances and reviews the uses of biodegradable polymers in foaming, focusing on the chemical changes of polymers that improve their foaming ability. Finally, the challenges as well as the main opportunities presented reinforce the market potential of the biodegradable polymer foam materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F. F. F. Gonçalves
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Emanuel M. Fernandes
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs–Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal;
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
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Fanovich MA, Di Maio E, Salerno A. Current Trend and New Opportunities for Multifunctional Bio-Scaffold Fabrication via High-Pressure Foaming. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:480. [PMID: 37754894 PMCID: PMC10531842 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14090480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible and biodegradable foams prepared using the high-pressure foaming technique have been widely investigated in recent decades as porous scaffolds for in vitro and in vivo tissue growth. In fact, the foaming process can operate at low temperatures to load bioactive molecules and cells within the pores of the scaffold, while the density and pore architecture, and, hence, properties of the scaffold, can be finely modulated by the proper selection of materials and processing conditions. Most importantly, the high-pressure foaming of polymers is an ideal choice to limit and/or avoid the use of cytotoxic and tissue-toxic compounds during scaffold preparation. The aim of this review is to provide the reader with the state of the art and current trend in the high-pressure foaming of biomedical polymers and composites towards the design and fabrication of multifunctional scaffolds for tissue engineering. This manuscript describes the application of the gas foaming process for bio-scaffold design and fabrication and highlights some of the most interesting results on: (1) the engineering of porous scaffolds featuring biomimetic porosity to guide cell behavior and to mimic the hierarchical architecture of complex tissues, such as bone; (2) the bioactivation of the scaffolds through the incorporation of inorganic fillers and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alejandra Fanovich
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), National University of Mar del Plata, National Research Council (CONICET), Mar del Plata 7600, Argentina;
| | - Ernesto Di Maio
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
| | - Aurelio Salerno
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy;
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Akhgari A, Nosrati F, Rahmanian-Devin P, Hadizadeh F, Sardou HS, Kamali H. Enhancement of Valsartan Dissolution Rate by the Increased Porosity of Pellets Using Supercritical CO2: Optimization via Central Composite Design. J Pharm Innov 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-022-09685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Blood-Vessel-Inspired Hierarchical Trilayer Scaffolds: PCL/Gelatin-Driven Protein Adsorption and Cellular Interaction. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112135. [PMID: 35683808 PMCID: PMC9182901 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of scaffolds with hierarchical structures exhibiting the blood vessel topological and biochemical features of the native extracellular matrix that maintain long-term patency remains a major challenge. Within this context, scaffold assembly using biodegradable synthetic polymers (BSPs) via electrospinning had led to soft-tissue-resembling microstructures that allow cell infiltration. However, BSPs fail to exhibit the sufficient surface reactivity, limiting protein adsorption and/or cell adhesion and jeopardizing the overall graft performance. Here, we present a methodology for the fabrication of three-layered polycaprolactone (PCL)-based tubular structures with biochemical cues to improve protein adsorption and cell adhesion. For this purpose, PCL was backbone-oxidized (O-PCL) and cast over a photolithography-manufactured microgrooved mold to obtain a bioactive surface as demonstrated using a protein adsorption assay (BSA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and calorimetric analyses. Then, two layers of PCL:gelatin (75:25 and 95:5 w/w), obtained using a novel single-desolvation method, were electrospun over the casted O-PCL to mimic a vascular wall with a physicochemical gradient to guide cell adhesion. Furthermore, tensile properties were shown to withstand the physiological mechanical stresses and strains. In vitro characterization, using L929 mouse fibroblasts, demonstrated that the multilayered scaffold is a suitable platform for cell infiltration and proliferation from the innermost to the outermost layer as is needed for vascular wall regeneration. Our work holds promise as a strategy for the low-cost manufacture of next-generation polymer-based hierarchical scaffolds with high bioactivity and resemblance of ECM’s microstructure to accurately guide cell attachment and proliferation.
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Dexamethasone delivery of porous PEG-PCL-PEG scaffolds with supercritical carbon dioxide gas foaming. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Salerno A, Netti PA. Review on Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing of Drug Delivery Scaffolds for Cell Guidance and Tissue Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:682133. [PMID: 34249885 PMCID: PMC8264554 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.682133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have updated the fields of biomaterials science and drug delivery as they promise to realize bioengineered multifunctional devices and implantable tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds virtually designed by using computer-aided design (CAD) models. However, the current technological gap between virtual scaffold design and practical AM processes makes it still challenging to realize scaffolds capable of encoding all structural and cell regulatory functions of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of health and diseased tissues. Indeed, engineering porous scaffolds capable of sequestering and presenting even a complex array of biochemical and biophysical signals in a time- and space-regulated manner, require advanced automated platforms suitable of processing simultaneously biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules at nanometric-size scale. The aim of this work was to review the recent scientific literature about AM fabrication of drug delivery scaffolds for TE. This review focused on bioactive molecule loading into three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds, and their release effects on cell fate and tissue growth. We reviewed CAD-based strategies, such as bioprinting, to achieve passive and stimuli-responsive drug delivery scaffolds for TE and cancer precision medicine. Finally, we describe the authors' perspective regarding the next generation of CAD techniques and the advantages of AM, microfluidic, and soft lithography integration for enhancing 3D porous scaffold bioactivation toward functional bioengineered tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo A. Netti
- Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biomaterials, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Immobilization of BMP-2 and VEGF within Multilayered Polydopamine-Coated Scaffolds and the Resulting Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergy of Co-Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6418. [PMID: 32899269 PMCID: PMC7503899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the fabrication of a polycaprolactone and hydroxyapatite composite scaffold incorporating growth factors to be used for bone regeneration. Two growth factors were incorporated employing a multilayered coating based on polydopamine (PDA). In particular, Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was bound onto the inner PDA layer while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was immobilized onto the outer one. Herein, the in vitro release of both growth factors is evaluated. A fastest VEGF delivery followed by a slow and more sustained release of BMP-2 was demonstrated, thus fitting the needs for bone tissue engineering applications. Due to the relevance of the crosstalk between bone-promoting and vessel-forming cells during bone healing, the functionalized scaffolds are further assessed on a co-culture setup of human mesenchymal stem cells and human endothelial progenitor cells. Osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression analysis indicates a synergistic effect between the growth factor-loaded scaffolds and the co-culture conditions. Taken together, these results indicate that the developed scaffolds hold great potential as an efficient platform for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Ana M. López-Periago
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (A.M.L.-P.); (C.D.)
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;
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Vila-Parrondo C, García-Astrain C, Liz-Marzán LM. Colloidal systems toward 3D cell culture scaffolds. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102237. [PMID: 32823220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional porous scaffolds are essential for the development of tissue engineering and regeneration, as biomimetic supports to recreate the microenvironment present in natural tissues. To successfully achieve the growth and development of a specific kind of tissue, porous matrices should be able to influence cell behavior by promoting close cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. To achieve this goal, the scaffold must fulfil a set of conditions, including ordered interconnected porosity to promote cell diffusion and vascularization, mechanical strength to support the tissue during continuous ingrowth, and biocompatibility to avoid toxicity. Among various building approaches to the construction of porous matrices, selected strategies afford hierarchical scaffolds with such defined properties. The control over porosity, microstructure or morphology, is crucial to the fabrication of high-end, reproducible scaffolds for the target application. In this review, we provide an insight into recent advances toward the colloidal fabrication of hierarchical scaffolds. After identifying the main requirements for scaffolds in biomedical applications, conceptual building processes are introduced. Examples of tissue regeneration applications are provided for different scaffold types, highlighting their versatility and biocompatibility. We finally provide a prospect about the current state of the art and limitations of porous scaffolds, along with challenges that are to be addressed, so these materials consolidate in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery.
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Godoy-Gallardo M, Portolés-Gil N, López-Periago AM, Domingo C, Hosta-Rigau L. Multi-layered polydopamine coatings for the immobilization of growth factors onto highly-interconnected and bimodal PCL/HA-based scaffolds. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111245. [PMID: 32919623 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For bone tissue engineering applications, scaffolds that mimic the porous structure of the extracellular matrix are highly desirable. Herein, we employ a PCL/HA-based scaffold with a double-scaled architecture of small pores coupled to larger ones. To improve the osteoinductivity of the scaffold, we incorporate two different growth factors via polydopamine (PDA) coating. As a first step, we identify the maximum amount of PDA that can be deposited onto the scaffold. Next, to allow for the deposition of a second PDA layer which, in turn, will allow to increase the loading of growth factors, we incorporate a dithiol connecting layer. The thiol groups covalently react with the first PDA coating through Michael addition while also allowing for the incorporation of a second PDA layer. We load the first and second PDA layers with bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively, and evaluate the osteogenic potential of the functionalised scaffold by cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and the expression of three different osteogenesis-related genes of pre-seeded human mesenchymal stem cells. Through these studies, we demonstrate that the osteogenic activity of the scaffolds loaded with both BMP2 and VEGF is greater than scaffolds loaded only with BMP2. Importantly, the osteoinductivity is higher when the scaffolds are loaded with BMP2 and VEGF in two different PDA layers. Taken together, these results indicate that the as-prepared scaffolds could be a useful construct for bone-tissue applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Godoy-Gallardo
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Núria Portolés-Gil
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ana M López-Periago
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Concepción Domingo
- Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Leticia Hosta-Rigau
- Department of Health Technology, Centre for Nanomedicine and Theranostics, DTU Health Tech, Technical University of Denmark, Produktionstorvet, Building 423, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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Cuadra IA, Cabañas A, Cheda JA, Türk M, Pando C. Cocrystallization of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil and coformers urea, thiourea or pyrazinamide using supercritical CO2 as an antisolvent (SAS) and as a solvent (CSS). J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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11
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Tuning the three-dimensional architecture of supercritical CO2 foamed PCL scaffolds by a novel mould patterning approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 109:110518. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Santos-Rosales V, Iglesias-Mejuto A, García-González CA. Solvent-Free Approaches for the Processing of Scaffolds in Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E533. [PMID: 32131405 PMCID: PMC7182956 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The regenerative medicine field is seeking novel strategies for the production of synthetic scaffolds that are able to promote the in vivo regeneration of a fully functional tissue. The choices of the scaffold formulation and the manufacturing method are crucial to determine the rate of success of the graft for the intended tissue regeneration process. On one hand, the incorporation of bioactive compounds such as growth factors and drugs in the scaffolds can efficiently guide and promote the spreading, differentiation, growth, and proliferation of cells as well as alleviate post-surgical complications such as foreign body responses and infections. On the other hand, the manufacturing method will determine the feasible morphological properties of the scaffolds and, in certain cases, it can compromise their biocompatibility. In the case of medicated scaffolds, the manufacturing method has also a key effect in the incorporation yield and retained activity of the loaded bioactive agents. In this work, solvent-free methods for scaffolds production, i.e., technological approaches leading to the processing of the porous material with no use of solvents, are presented as advantageous solutions for the processing of medicated scaffolds in terms of efficiency and versatility. The principles of these solvent-free technologies (melt molding, 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, sintering of solid microspheres, gas foaming, and compressed CO2 and supercritical CO2-assisted foaming), a critical discussion of advantages and limitations, as well as selected examples for regenerative medicine purposes are herein presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos A. García-González
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (V.S.-R.); (A.I.-M.)
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Anbarasan R, Kailash S, Meenarathi B. Synthesis, characterization and sustainable drug release activity of drug bridged diblock copolymer. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-1623-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Tsai WC, Wang Y. Progress of supercritical fluid technology in polymerization and its applications in biomedical engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Campana PT, Marletta A, Piovesan E, Francisco KJM, Neto FVR, Petrini L, Silva TR, Machado D, Basoli F, Oliveira ON, Licoccia S, Traversa E. Pulsatile Discharge from Polymeric Scaffolds: A Novel Method for Modulated Drug Release. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia T. Campana
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), Arlindo Bettio Av., 1000, São Paulo, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Marletta
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), João Naves de Ávila Av., 2121, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Erick Piovesan
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), João Naves de Ávila Av., 2121, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Kelliton J. M. Francisco
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), Arlindo Bettio Av., 1000, São Paulo, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Francisco V. R. Neto
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), João Naves de Ávila Av., 2121, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Leandro Petrini
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), Arlindo Bettio Av., 1000, São Paulo, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago R. Silva
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), Arlindo Bettio Av., 1000, São Paulo, 03828-000, Brazil
| | - Danilo Machado
- Institute of Physics, Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU), João Naves de Ávila Av., 2121, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Francesco Basoli
- Department of Engineering, University of Rome “Campus Bio-Medico di Roma”, Alvaro del Portillo St., 21, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo (USP), CP 369, 13560-970, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvia Licoccia
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica St. Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Enrico Traversa
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2006 Xiyuan Road, Chengdu 611731, Sichuan, P. R. China
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Chen J, Ye J, Liao X, Li S, Xiao W, Yang Q, Li G. Organic solvent free preparation of porous scaffolds based on the phase morphology control using supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Asikainen S, Paakinaho K, Kyhkynen AK, Hannula M, Malin M, Ahola N, Kellomäki M, Seppälä J. Hydrolysis and drug release from poly(ethylene glycol)-modified lactone polymers with open porosity. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Zhao N, Lv Z, Ma J, Zhu C, Li Q. Fabrication of hydrophilic small diameter vascular foam scaffolds of poly(ε-caprolactone)/polylactic blend by sodium hydroxide solution. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Salerno A, Domingo C. Polycaprolactone foams prepared by supercritical CO2 batch foaming of polymer/organic solvent solutions. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Wubneh A, Tsekoura EK, Ayranci C, Uludağ H. Current state of fabrication technologies and materials for bone tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:1-30. [PMID: 30248515 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A range of traditional and free-form fabrication technologies have been investigated and, in numerous occasions, commercialized for use in the field of regenerative tissue engineering (TE). The demand for technologies capable of treating bone defects inherently difficult to repair has been on the rise. This quest, accompanied by the advent of functionally tailored, biocompatible, and biodegradable materials, has garnered an enormous research interest in bone TE. As a result, different materials and fabrication methods have been investigated towards this end, leading to a deeper understanding of the geometrical, mechanical and biological requirements associated with bone scaffolds. As our understanding of the scaffold requirements expands, so do the capability requirements of the fabrication processes. The goal of this review is to provide a broad examination of existing scaffold fabrication processes and highlight future trends in their development. To appreciate the clinical requirements of bone scaffolds, a brief review of the biological process by which bone regenerates itself is presented first. This is followed by a summary and comparisons of commonly used implant techniques to highlight the advantages of TE-based approaches over traditional grafting methods. A detailed discussion on the clinical and mechanical requirements of bone scaffolds then follows. The remainder of the manuscript is dedicated to current scaffold fabrication methods, their unique capabilities and perceived shortcomings. The range of biomaterials employed in each fabrication method is summarized. Selected traditional and non-traditional fabrication methods are discussed with a highlight on their future potential from the authors' perspective. This study is motivated by the rapidly growing demand for effective scaffold fabrication processes capable of economically producing constructs with intricate and precisely controlled internal and external architectures. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The manuscript summarizes the current state of fabrication technologies and materials used for creating scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications. A comprehensive analysis of different fabrication methods (traditional and free-form) were summarized in this review paper, with emphasis on recent developments in the field. The fabrication techniques suitable for creating scaffolds for tissue engineering was particularly targeted and their use in bone tissue engineering were articulated. Along with the fabrication techniques, we emphasized the choice of materials in these processes. Considering the limitations of each process, we highlighted the materials and the material properties critical in that particular process and provided a brief rational for the choice of the materials. The functional performance for bone tissue engineering are summarized for different fabrication processes and the choice of biomaterials. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future of the field, highlighting the knowledge gaps and promising avenues in pursuit of effective scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This extensive review of the field will provide research community with a reference source for current approaches to scaffold preparation. We hope to encourage the researchers to generate next generation biomaterials to be used in these fabrication processes. By providing both advantages and disadvantage of each fabrication method in detail, new fabrication techniques might be devised that will overcome the limitations of the current approaches. These studies should facilitate the efforts of researchers interested in generating ideal scaffolds, and should have applications beyond the repair of bone tissue.
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Ye J, Liao X, Xiao W, Li S, Yang Q, Li G. The effects of molecular weight and supercritical CO2 on the phase morphology of organic solvent free porous scaffolds. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Duarte RM, Correia-Pinto J, Reis RL, Duarte ARC. Subcritical carbon dioxide foaming of polycaprolactone for bone tissue regeneration. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2018.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hybrid gelatin-based porous materials with a tunable multiscale morphology for tissue engineering and drug delivery. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Munj HR, Lannutti JJ, Tomasko DL. Understanding Behavior of Polycaprolactone–Gelatin Blends under High Pressure CO2. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x17060086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Salgado M, Rodríguez-Rojo S, Reis RL, Cocero MJ, Duarte ARC. Preparation of barley and yeast β-glucan scaffolds by hydrogel foaming: Evaluation of dexamethasone release. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Salerno A, Domingo C, Saurina J. PCL foamed scaffolds loaded with 5-fluorouracil anti-cancer drug prepared by an eco-friendly route. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 75:1191-1197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Moghadam MZ, Hassanajili S, Esmaeilzadeh F, Ayatollahi M, Ahmadi M. Formation of porous HPCL/LPCL/HA scaffolds with supercritical CO 2 gas foaming method. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:115-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Montaser A, Abdel-Mohsen A, Ramadan M, Sleem A, Sahffie N, Jancar J, Hebeish A. Preparation and characterization of alginate/silver/nicotinamide nanocomposites for treating diabetic wounds. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:739-747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Meng L, Liu H, Yu L, Khalid S, Chen L, Jiang T, Li Q. Elastomeric foam prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghan Meng
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Institute; Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
| | - Hongsheng Liu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yu
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
- Sino-Singapore International Joint Institute; Knowledge City Guangzhou 510663 China
| | - Saud Khalid
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Jiang
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Centre for Polymer from Renewable Resources, SCUT; Guangzhou 510640 People's Republic of China
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Zidan AS, Ahmed OAA, Aljaeid BM. Nicotinamide polymeric nanoemulsified systems: a quality-by-design case study for a sustained antimicrobial activity. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1501-16. [PMID: 27110111 PMCID: PMC4835127 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide, the amide form of vitamin B3, was demonstrated to combat some of the antibiotic-resistant infections that are increasingly common around the world. The objective of this study was to thoroughly understand the formulation and process variabilities affecting the preparation of nicotinamide-loaded polymeric nanoemulsified particles. The quality target product profile and critical quality attributes of the proposed product were presented. Plackett-Burman screening design was employed to screen eight variables for their influences on the formulation's critical characteristics. The formulations were prepared by an oil-in-water emulsification followed by solvent replacement. The prepared systems were characterized by entrapment capacity (EC), entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, in vitro drug release, and their antibacterial activity against bacterial scrums. EC, EE, particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and percentage release in 24 hours were found to be in the range of 33.5%-68.8%, 53.1%-67.1%, 43.3-243.3 nm, 0.08-0.28, 9.5-53.3 mV, and 5.8%-22.4%, respectively. One-way analysis of variance and Pareto charts revealed that the experimental loadings of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Eudragit(®) S100 were the most significant for their effects on nicotinamide EC and EE. Moreover, the polymeric nanoemulsified particles demonstrated a sustained release profile for nicotinamide. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction demonstrated a significant interaction between the drug and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin that might modulate the sustained release behavior. Furthermore, the formulations provided a sustained antibacterial activity that depended on nicotinamide-loading concentration, release rate, and incubation time. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the potential of polymeric nanoemulsified system to sustain the release and antibacterial activity of nicotinamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Zidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Osama A A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Bader M Aljaeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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