1
|
El Salamony DH, El Gayar DA, El Mahdy AR, Zaghloul TI. Preparation and characterization of silica nanoparticles as an efficient carrier for two bio‐detergents based enzymes. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dina H. El Salamony
- Department of Biotechnology Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Dina A. El Gayar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Ahmed R. El Mahdy
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| | - Taha I. Zaghloul
- Department of Biotechnology Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cruz Mendoza I, Villavicencio-Vasquez M, Aguayo P, Coello Montoya D, Plaza L, Romero-Peña M, Marqués AM, Coronel-León J. Biosurfactant from Bacillus subtilis DS03: Properties and Application in Cleaning Out Place System in a Pilot Sausages Processing. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081518. [PMID: 35893576 PMCID: PMC9332754 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biosurfactants (BS) are amphiphilic molecules that align at the interface reducing the surface tension. BS production is developed as an alternative to synthetic surfactants because they are biodegradable, with low toxicity and high specificity. BS are versatile, and this research proposes using a biosurfactant crude extract (BCE) as part of cleaning products. This paper reported the BCE production from Bacillus subtilis DS03 using a medium with molasses. The BCE product was characterized by different physical and chemical tests under a wide pH range, high temperatures, and emulsifying properties showing successful results. The water surface tension of 72 mN/m was reduced to 34 mN/m with BCE, achieving a critical micelle concentration at 24.66 ppm. BCE was also applied to polystyrene surface as pre-treatment to avoid microbial biofilm development, showing inhibition in more than 90% of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes above 2000 ppm BCE. The test continued using BCE as post-treatment to remove biofilms, reporting a significant reduction of 50.10% Escherichia coli, 55.77% Staphylococcus aureus, and 59.44% Listeria monocytogenes in a concentration higher than 250 ppm BCE. Finally, a comparison experiment was performed between sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES) and BCE (included in commercial formulation), reporting an efficient reduction with the mixtures. The results suggested that BCE is a promising ingredient for cleaning formulations with applications in industrial food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iana Cruz Mendoza
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Mirian Villavicencio-Vasquez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Via Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador;
| | - Paola Aguayo
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Diana Coello Montoya
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Luis Plaza
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - María Romero-Peña
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Ana M. Marqués
- Unitat de Microbiología, Facultat de Farmacia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Coronel-León
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica y Ciencias de la Producción, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador; (I.C.M.); (P.A.); (D.C.M.); (L.P.); (M.R.-P.)
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador (CIBE), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Km 30.5, Via Perimetral, Guayaquil P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Ecuador;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wasilewski T, Seweryn A, Pannert D, Kierul K, Domżał-Kędzia M, Hordyjewicz-Baran Z, Łukaszewicz M, Lewińska A. Application of Levan-Rich Digestate Extract in the Production of Safe-to-Use and Functional Natural Body Wash Cosmetics. Molecules 2022; 27:2793. [PMID: 35566142 PMCID: PMC9099796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study focused on the evaluation of the possibility of using a levan-rich digestate extract in the production of safe and functional body wash cosmetics. Model shower gels were designed and formulated on the basis of raw materials of natural origin. Prepared prototypes contained various extract concentrations (16.7; 33; 50%). A gel without extract was used as a reference. The samples were evaluated for their safety in use and functionality. The results showed that the use of high-concentration levan-rich digestate extract in a shower gel resulted in a significant reduction in the negative impact on the skin. For example, the zein value decreased by over 50% in relation to the preparation without the extract. An over 40% reduction in the emulsifying capacity of hydrophobic substances was also demonstrated, which reduces skin dryness after the washing process. However, the presence of the extract did not significantly affect the parameters related to functionality. Overall, it was indicated that levan-rich digestate extract can be successfully used as a valuable ingredient in natural cleansing cosmetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasilewski
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Artur Seweryn
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Commodity Science, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dominika Pannert
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 6, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kinga Kierul
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
| | - Marta Domżał-Kędzia
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (M.Ł.)
| | - Zofia Hordyjewicz-Baran
- Lukasiewicz Research Network-Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetykow 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland;
| | - Marcin Łukaszewicz
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland (M.Ł.)
| | - Agnieszka Lewińska
- Research and Development Department, INVENTIONBIO S.A., Jakóba Hechlińskiego 4, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.K.); (M.D.-K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rancan F, Guo X, Rajes K, Sidiropoulou P, Zabihi F, Hoffmann L, Hadam S, Blume-Peytavi U, Rühl E, Haag R, Vogt A. Topical Delivery of Rapamycin by Means of Microenvironment-Sensitive Core-Multi-Shell Nanocarriers: Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory Activity in an ex vivo Skin/T Cell Co-Culture Model. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7137-7151. [PMID: 34712046 PMCID: PMC8548260 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s330716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapamycin (Rapa) is an immunosuppressive macrolide that inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. Thanks to its anti-proliferative effects towards different cell types, including keratinocytes and T cells, Rapa shows promise in the treatment of skin diseases characterized by cell hyperproliferation. However, Rapa skin penetration is limited due to its lipophilic nature (log P = 4.3) and high molecular weight (MW = 914 g/mol). In previous studies, new microenvironment-sensitive core multishell (CMS) nanocarriers capable of sensing the redox state of inflamed skin were developed as more efficient and selective vehicles for macrolide delivery to inflamed skin. Methods In this study, we tested such redox-sensitive CMS nanocarriers using an inflammatory skin model based on human skin explants co-cultured with Jurkat T cells. Serine protease (SP) was applied on skin surface to induce skin barrier impairment and oxidative stress, whereas phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), IL-17A, and IL-22 were used to activate Jurkat cells. Activation markers, such as CD45 and CD69, phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pRP-S6), and IL-2 release were monitored in activated T cells, whereas pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in skin extracts and culture medium. Results We found that alteration of skin barrier proteins corneodesmosin (CDSN), occludin (Occl), and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) as well as oxidation-induced decrease of free thiol groups occurred upon SP-treatment. All Rapa formulations exerted inhibitory effects on T cells after penetration across ex vivo skin. No effects on skin inflammatory markers were detected. The superiority of the oxidative-sensitive CMS nanocarriers over the other formulations was observed with regard to drug delivery as well as downregulation of IL-2 release. Conclusion Overall, our results demonstrate that nanocarriers addressing features of diseased skin are promising approaches to improve the topical delivery of macrolide drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Rancan
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiao Guo
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Keerthana Rajes
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Polytimi Sidiropoulou
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Zabihi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luisa Hoffmann
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Hadam
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annika Vogt
- Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vanti G, Grifoni L, Bergonzi MC, Antiga E, Montefusco F, Caproni M, Bilia AR. Development and optimisation of biopharmaceutical properties of a new microemulgel of cannabidiol for locally-acting dermatological delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121036. [PMID: 34438005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a pleiotropic phytocannabinoid, recently investigated to treat many skin diseases. This study aimed to develop a CBD-loaded O/A microemulsion (CBD-ME) formulated as microemulgel (CBD-MEgel), suitable for local administration. The developed CBD-ME consisted of Solutol HS 15 (20%, surfactant), Transcutol P (9%, cosolvent), isopropyl myristate (5%, oil phase), water (66%) and 1% w/w CBD. Globules had polydispersity index less than 0.23 ± 0.02 and size of 35 ± 2 nm; these values did not change after loading CBD and gelling the formulation with Sepigel 305 obtaining a clear and homogeneous formulation with a pH of 6.56 ± 0.20, suitable for cutaneous application. Viscosity properties were investigated by the rotational digital viscometer, at both 21 ± 2 °C and 35 ± 2 °C. Viscosities of CBD-MEgel were 439,000 ± 4,243 mPa·s and 391,000 ± 1,414 mPa·s respectively. The release studies displayed that 90 ± 24 μg/cm2 of CBD were released in 24 h. The CBD permeability, evaluated using Franz diffusion cells and rabbit ear skin, was 3 ± 1 μg/cm2. Skin-PAMPATM gave a CBD effective permeability of (1.67 ± 0.16) ·10-7 cm/s and an absorbed dose of 115.30 ± 16.99 µg/cm2 after 24 h. Lastly, physical and chemical stability of both CBD-ME and CBD-MEgel were evaluated over a period of 3 months, showing optimal shelf-life at the storage conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vanti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Lucia Grifoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Maria Camilla Bergonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Emiliano Antiga
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Montefusco
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Florence, Viale Michelangiolo 41, 50125 Florence, Italy
| | - Marzia Caproni
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Dermatology, USL Toscana Centro, Rare Diseases Unit, European Reference Network-Skin Member, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pandurangan S, Murugesan P, Ramudu KN, Krishnaswamy B, Ayyadurai N. Enhanced Cellular Uptake and Sustained Transdermal Delivery of Collagen for Skin Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:7540-7549. [PMID: 35019495 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports a method for transporting high molecular weight collagen for skin regeneration. An independent engineered enzymatic vehicle that has the ability for efficient transdermal delivery of regenerative biomaterial was developed for tissue regeneration. Collagen has been well recognized as a skin regeneration molecule due to its interaction with the extracellular matrix to stimulate skin cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, the transdermal delivery of collagen poses a significant challenge due to its high molecular weight as well as a lack of efficient approaches. Here, to improve the transdermal delivery efficiency, α-1,4-glycosidic hydrolase was engineered with genetically encoded 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, which enhanced its biological activity as revealed by microscale thermophoresis. The remodeled catalytic pocket resulted in enhanced substrate binding activity of the enzyme with a predominant glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulfate) present in the extracellular matrix of the skin. The engineered enzyme rapidly opened up the skin extracellular matrix fiber (15 min) to ferry collagen across the wall, without disturbing the cellular bundle architecture. Confocal microscopy indicated that macromolecules had diffused three times deeper into the engineered enzyme-treated skin than the native enzyme-treated skin. Gene expression, histopathology, and hematology analysis also supported the penetration of macromolecules. Cytotoxicity (mammalian cell culture) and in vivo (Caenorhabditis elegans and Rattus noryegicus) studies revealed that the congener enzyme could potentially be used as a penetration enhancer, which is of paramount importance for the multimillion cosmetic industries. Hence, it offers promise as a pharmaceutical enzyme for transdermal delivery bioenhancement and dermatological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suryalakshmi Pandurangan
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Kamini Numbi Ramudu
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| | | | - Niraikulam Ayyadurai
- Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai 600 020, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Central Leather Research Institute Campus, Chennai 600 020, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Danilova I, Sharipova M. The Practical Potential of Bacilli and Their Enzymes for Industrial Production. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1782. [PMID: 32849401 PMCID: PMC7417770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are an affordable source of enzymes due to their wide distribution, safety in work, ease of cultivation, and susceptibility to genetic transformations. Researchers are particularly interested in proteolytic enzymes, which constitute one of the most diverse groups of microbial proteins in terms of properties. Despite the long history of their research, this group of enzymes continue to show great potential for practical application in the biomedical industry, as well as in the agricultural industry. Thus, the unique properties of bacillary proteinases, such as stability in a wide range of temperatures and pH, high specificity, biodegradability of a wide range of substrates, and the high potential of sequenced Bacillus genomes are a powerful foundation for the development of new biotechnologies. The current review aims to discuss recent studies on various enzymes in particular, proteinases produced by bacteria of the genus Bacillus, along with their prospective practical applications. This article also presents an interpretive summary of the recent developments on the usage of probiotic Bacillus strains as potential feed additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Danilova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Margarita Sharipova
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jung YO, Jeong H, Cho Y, Lee EO, Jang HW, Kim J, Nam K, Lim KM. Lysates of a Probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Can Improve Skin Barrier Function in a Reconstructed Human Epidermis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174289. [PMID: 31480681 PMCID: PMC6747158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The main function of the skin is to protect the body from the external environment. The barrier function of the skin is mainly provided by the stratum corneum, which consists of corneocytes bound with the corneodesmosomes and lamellar lipids. Skin barrier proteins like loricrin and filaggrin also contribute to the skin barrier function. In various skin diseases, skin barrier dysfunction is a common symptom, and skin irritants like detergents or surfactants could also perturb skin barrier function. Many efforts have been made to develop strategies to improve skin barrier function. Here, we investigated whether the microfluidized lysates of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR), one of the most widely used probiotic species for various health benefits, may improve the skin barrier function in a reconstructed human epidermis, Keraskin™. Application of LR lysate on Keraskin™ increased the expression of tight junction proteins; claudin 1 and occludin as determined by immunofluorescence analysis, and skin barrier proteins; loricrin and filaggrin as determined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis and qPCR. Also, the cytotoxicity of a skin irritant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), was alleviated by the pretreatment of LR lysate. The skin barrier protective effects of LR lysate could be further demonstrated by the attenuation of SLS-enhanced dye-penetration. LR lysate also attenuated the destruction of desmosomes after SLS treatment. Collectively, we demonstrated that LR lysate has protective effects on the skin barrier, which could expand the utility of probiotics to skin-moisturization ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-On Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Haengdueng Jeong
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yejin Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Lee
- LCS Biotech, SNU Business Incubator, Suwon 16614, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Jang
- LCS Biotech, SNU Business Incubator, Suwon 16614, Korea
| | - Jinwook Kim
- LCS Biotech, SNU Business Incubator, Suwon 16614, Korea
| | - Kitaek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gurumallesh P, Alagu K, Ramakrishnan B, Muthusamy S. A systematic reconsideration on proteases. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:254-267. [PMID: 30664968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are a group of large complex enzyme molecules that perform highly focused proteolysis functions. A vast quantity of the protease enzymes is predominantly sourced from microbial fermentation process, although proteases tend to natively present in plant, animals and humans. Proteases possess a pervasive importance in medical and pharmaceutical sector, because of its enriched specificity towards biomolecules. They are also actively encompassed in regulating certain physiological pathways. A distinct territory of human disorders is treated by substrate specific proteases. Enormous numbers of catalytic activities in habitual metabolism process of a living organism are protease dependent. Pilot scale researches and product development in industrial biotechnology sectors are wholly based on any one of the protease enzymes. The applications of the protease enzymes and its economic benefits of being an eco-friendly material are far-reaching. This review presents a brief overview on the classification and sources of various types of proteases. We describe the essential evidences of role of protease in different sectors. The proteases could be a potential relieves to harmful synthetic chemicals in distinctive industrial processes and thus gains global perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poorani Gurumallesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kamalini Alagu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India
| | - Baskar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang J, Li Y. Study on the interaction between surfactin and alkaline protease in aqueous solution. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:244-251. [PMID: 29913191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between surfactin and alkaline protease in aqueous solution has been studied. Ultraviolet visible absorption spectra (UV-vis) show that surfactin causes the extension of peptide chain of the alkaline protease resulting in the weakening of hydrophobic interaction between the hydrophobic groups. Fluorescence spectra indicate that the interaction of surfactin with the tryptophan and tyrosine residues led to a change of conformation of the alkaline protease. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) proves complex weak interactions between surfactin and alkaline protease, especially hydrogen bonds. Enzyme activity measurements demonstrate that low concentration of surfactin can increase the enzyme activity of alkaline protease, while high concentrations inhibit it. The particle size and Zeta potential measurements confirm that the system particle size and Zeta potential are dependent on the concentration of surfactin, in addition, there is the electrostatic interaction between surfactin and alkaline protease. Surface tension measurements indicate that the binds of surfactin and alkaline protease molecules are spontaneous. Based on experimental results, the composite model of surfactin and alkaline protease in aqueous solution is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|