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Ansari MD, Shafi S, Pandit J, Waheed A, Jahan RN, Khan I, Vohora D, Jain S, Aqil M, Sultana Y. Raloxifene encapsulated spanlastic nanogel for the prevention of bone fracture risk via transdermal administration: Pharmacokinetic and efficacy study in animal model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1635-1647. [PMID: 37996726 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
This research work is to evaluate spanlastic-loaded raloxifene (RLX) nanogel administration via the transdermal route to avoid its hepatic metabolism and to enhance the bioavailability for better management of osteoporosis. RLX-loaded spanlastic nanogel was prepared and characterized for its viscosity, pH, spreadability, and texture profile. The formulation was applied on the skin surface of the animal for pharmacokinetic evaluation, and later, the efficacy of the formulation was assessed in ovariectomized female Wistar rats. The nanogel was obtained with a viscosity (2552.66 ± 30.61 cP), pH (7.1 ± 0.1), and spreadability (7.1 ± 0.2 cm). The texture properties, cohesiveness, and adhesiveness of the nanogel showed its suitability for transdermal application. Nanogel showed no sign of edema and erythema in the skin irritation test which revealed its safety for transdermal application. The t1/2 obtained for RLX-spanlastic nanogel (37.02 ± 0.59 h) was much higher than that obtained for RLX-oral suspension (14.43 h). The relative bioavailability was found to be 215.96% for RLX-spanlastic nanogel, and the drug and formulation did not show any toxicity in any of the vital organs, as well as no hematological changes occurring in blood samples. In microarchitectural measurement, RLX-spanlastic nanogel exhibited no unambiguous deviations along with improved bone mineral density compared to the RLX suspension treated group. Transdermal administration of RLX-spanlastic nanogel showed significant improvement of drug bioavailability (approx. twice to oral administration) without any toxic effect in the treated rats. Hence, spanlastic nanogel could be a better approach to deliver RLX via transdermal route for the management of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Danish Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Sadat Shafi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Jayamanti Pandit
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Ayesha Waheed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Rao Nargis Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Iram Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shreshta Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Aqil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India
| | - Yasmin Sultana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), M. B. Road, 110062, New Delhi, India.
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Mahajan K, Sharma P, Abbot V, Chauhan K. Ethosomes as a carrier for transdermal drug delivery system: methodology and recent developments. J Liposome Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38676416 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2339896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have received significant attention in recent years. TDDS are flexible systems that transport active components to the skin for either localized or systemic delivery of drugs through the skin. Among the three main layers of skin, the outermost layer, called the stratum corneum (SC), prevents the entry of water-loving bacteria and drugs with a high molecular weight. The challenge lies in successfully delivering drugs through the skin, which crosses the stratum corneum. The popularity of lipid-based vesicular delivery systems has increased in recent years due to their ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Ethosomes are specialized vesicles made of phospholipids that can store large amounts of ethanol. Ethosome structure and substance promote skin permeability and bioavailability. This article covers ethosome compositions, types, medication delivery techniques, stability, and safety. In addition to this, an in-depth analysis of the employment of ethosomes in drug delivery applications for a wide range of diseases has also been discussed. This review article highlights different aspects of ethosomes, such as their synthesis, characterization, marketed formulation, recent advancements in TDDS, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Abbot
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
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Kumari NU, Pardhi E, Chary PS, Mehra NK. Exploring contemporary breakthroughs in utilizing vesicular nanocarriers for breast cancer therapy. Ther Deliv 2024; 15:279-303. [PMID: 38374774 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2023-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with various morphological features, clinicopathological conditions and responses to different therapeutic options, which is responsible for high mortality and morbidity in women. The heterogeneity of BC necessitates new strategies for diagnosis and treatment, which is possible only by cautious harmonization of the advanced nanomaterials. Recent developments in vesicular nanocarrier therapy indicate a paradigm shift in breast cancer treatment by providing an integrated approach to address current issues. This review provides a detailed classification of various nanovesicles in the treatment of BC with a special emphasis on recent advances, challenges in translating nanomaterials and future potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalla Usha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Ekta Pardhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500037, India
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Mainuddin, Kumar A, Ratnesh RK, Singh J, Dumoga S, Sharma N, Jindal A. Physical characterization and bioavailability assessment of 5-fluorouracil-based nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC): In vitro drug release, Hemolysis, and permeability modulation. Med Oncol 2024; 41:95. [PMID: 38526657 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent belonging to BCS Class III that exhibits poor release characteristics and low retention in the biological system. The main objective of this investigation was to develop a drug delivery system, i.e., Nanostructure Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loaded with 5-FU to prolong its biological retention through 5-FU-loaded NLCs (5-FUNLC) were designed to manipulate physicochemical characteristics and assessment of in vitro and in vivo performance. The developed NLCs underwent comprehensive characterization, including assessments for particle size, zeta potential, morphological evaluation, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Additionally, specific evaluations were conducted for 5-FUNLCs, encompassing analyses for encapsulation efficiency of the drug, release characteristics in PBS at pH 6.8, and stability study. The lipophilic character of 5-FUNLC was confirmed through the measurement of the partition coefficient (log P). 5-FUNLCs were observed as spherical-shaped particles with a mean size of 300 ± 25 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was determined to be 89%, indicating effective drug loading within the NLCs. Furthermore, these NLCs exhibited a sustained release nature lasting up to 3-4 h, indicating their potential for controlled drug release over time. Lipid components were biocompatible with the 5-FU to determine thermal transition temperature and show good stability for 30 days. Additionally, an in vitro hemolysis study that confirmed the system did not cause any destruction to the RBCs during intravenous administration. The drug's gut permeability was assessed utilizing the optimized 5-FUNLC (F2) in comparison to 5-FU through the intestine or gut sac model (in the apical to basolateral direction, A → B). The permeability coefficient was measured as 4.91 × 10-5 cm/h with a significant difference. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the NLCs was demonstrated through the DPPH method. The NLCs' performance was further assessed through in vivo pharmacokinetic studies on Wistar Rats, resulting in a 1.5-fold enhancement in their activity compared to free 5-FU. These NLCs offer improved drug solubility and sustained release, which collectively contribute to enhanced therapeutic outcomes and modulate bioavailability. The study concludes by highlighting the potential of 5-FUNLC as an innovative and efficient drug delivery system. The findings suggest that further preclinical investigations are warranted, indicating a promising avenue for the development of more effective and well-tolerated treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH 58 Near Baghpat Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH 58 Near Baghpat Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India
| | - Ratneshwar Kumar Ratnesh
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH 58 Near Baghpat Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India.
| | - Jay Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Shweta Dumoga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH 58 Near Baghpat Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Amulya Jindal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Meerut Institute of Engineering and Technology, NH 58 Near Baghpat Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India
- Department of Pharmacy, Meerut Institute of Technology, NH-58 Near Partapur Bypass, Meerut, UP, 250005, India
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Abu-Huwaij R, Zidan AN. Unlocking the potential of cosmetic dermal delivery with ethosomes: A comprehensive review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:17-26. [PMID: 37393573 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a world where hair loss, acne, and skin whitening are common concerns, ethosomes emerge as a captivating breakthrough in cosmetic drug delivery. METHOD This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ethosomal system and assesses its potential as an effective nanocarrier for delivering active ingredients to the skin. The focus is on exploring their applications in various pathologies, particularly skin disorders such as acne, hair loss, and skin pigmentation. RESULTS Ethosomes are a novel type of vesicular nanocarrier composed of high concentrations of ethanol (20-45%) and phospholipids. Their unique structure and composition make them an ideal choice for transporting active ingredients through the skin, offering targeted and effective treatment. The inclusion of ethanol in ethosomes' composition gives them distinctive properties, including flexibility, deformability, and stability, facilitating deep penetration into the skin and enhancing medication deposition. Moreover, ethosomes improved theoverall drug-loading capacity, and specificity of target treatment CONCLUSION: Ethosomes represent a unique and suitable approach for delivering active cosmetic ingredients in the treatment of hair loss, acne, and skin whitening, presenting a versatile alternative to traditional dermal delivery systems. Despite the challenges associated with their complex preparation and sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the remarkable potential benefits of ethosomes cannot be ignored. Further research is crucial to unlock their full potential, understand their limitations, and refine their formulations and administration methods. Ethosomes hold the promise of transforming the way we address these cosmetic concerns, offering an exciting glimpse into the future of advanced skincare solutions.
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Qureshi MI, Jamil QA, Usman F, Wani TA, Farooq M, Shah HS, Ahmad H, Khalil R, Sajjad M, Zargar S, Kausar S. Tioconazole-Loaded Transethosomal Gel Using Box-Behnken Design for Topical Applications: In Vitro, In Vivo, and Molecular Docking Approaches. Gels 2023; 9:767. [PMID: 37754448 PMCID: PMC10530999 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tioconazole (TCZ) is a broad-spectrum fungicidal BCS class II drug with reported activity against Candida albicans, dermatophytes, and certain Staphylococci bacteria. We report the use of TCZ-loaded transethosomes (TEs) to overcome the skin's barrier function. TCZ-loaded TEs were fabricated by using a cold method with slight modification. Box-Behnken composite design was utilized to investigate the effect of independent variables. The fabricated TEs were assessed with various physicochemical characterizations. The optimized formulation of TCZ-loaded TEs was incorporated into gel and evaluated for pH, conductivity, drug content, spreadability, rheology, in vitro permeation, ex vivo permeation, and in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity. The fabricated TCZ-loaded TEs had a % EE of 60.56 to 86.13, with particle sizes ranging from 219.1 to 757.1 nm. The SEM images showed spherically shaped vesicles. The % drug permeation was between 77.01 and 92.03. The kinetic analysis of all release profiles followed Higuchi's diffusion model. The FTIR, DSC, and XRD analysis showed no significant chemical interactions between the drug and excipients. A significantly higher antifungal activity was observed for TCZ-loaded transethosomal gel in comparison to the control. The in vivo antifungal study on albino rats indicated that TCZ-loaded transethosomal gel showed a comparable therapeutic effect in comparison to the market brand Canesten®. Molecular docking demonstrated that the TCZ in the TE composition was surrounded by hydrophobic excipients with increased overall hydrophobicity and better permeation. Therefore, TCZ in the form of transethosomal gel can serve as an effective drug delivery system, having the ability to penetrate the skin and overcome the stratum corneum barrier with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 66000, Pakistan; (M.I.Q.); (Q.A.J.)
| | - Qazi Adnan Jamil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 66000, Pakistan; (M.I.Q.); (Q.A.J.)
| | - Faisal Usman
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassir Farooq
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Hamid Saeed Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Syed Abdul Qadir Jillani (Out Fall) Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Hassan Ahmad
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayabaan-e-Jinnah Road, Johar Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Ruqaiya Khalil
- Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas, University of Vigo (CINBO), 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Immunology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Safina Kausar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;
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Nasr AM, Badawi NM, Tartor YH, Sobhy NM, Swidan SA. Development, Optimization, and In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation of Azelaic Acid Transethosomal Gel for Antidermatophyte Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040707. [PMID: 37107069 PMCID: PMC10135108 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of dermatophytosis is quite challenging. This work aims to investigate the antidermatophyte action of Azelaic acid (AzA) and evaluate its efficacy upon entrapment into transethosomes (TEs) and incorporation into a gel to enhance its application. Optimization of formulation variables of TEs was carried out after preparation using the thin film hydration technique. The antidermatophyte activity of AzA-TEs was first evaluated in vitro. In addition, two guinea pig infection models with Trichophyton (T.) mentagrophytes and Microsporum (M.) canis were established for the in vivo assessment. The optimized formula showed a mean particle size of 219.8 ± 4.7 nm and a zeta potential of -36.5 ± 0.73 mV, while the entrapment efficiency value was 81.9 ± 1.4%. Moreover, the ex vivo permeation study showed enhanced skin penetration for the AzA-TEs (3056 µg/cm2) compared to the free AzA (590 µg/cm2) after 48 h. AzA-TEs induced a greater inhibition in vitro on the tested dermatophyte species than free AzA (MIC90 was 0.01% vs. 0.32% for T. rubrum and 0.032% for T. mentagrophytes and M. canis vs. 0.56%). The mycological cure rate was improved in all treated groups, specially for our optimized AzA-TEs formula in the T. mentagrophytes model, in which it reached 83% in this treated group, while it was 66.76% in the itraconazole and free AzA treated groups. Significant (p < 0.05) lower scores of erythema, scales, and alopecia were observed in the treated groups in comparison with the untreated control and plain groups. In essence, the TEs could be a promising carrier for AzA delivery into deeper skin layers with enhanced antidermatophyte activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
| | - Noha M Badawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Nader M Sobhy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Shady A Swidan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
- The Centre for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El-Sherouk City, Cairo 11837, Egypt
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Gamal A, Aboelhadid SM, Abo El-Ela FI, Abdel-Baki AAS, Ibrahium SM, EL-Mallah AM, Al-Quraishy S, Hassan AO, Gadelhaq SM. Synthesis of Carvacrol-Loaded Invasomes Nanoparticles Improved Acaricide Efficacy, Cuticle Invasion and Inhibition of Acetylcholinestrase against Hard Ticks. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030733. [PMID: 36985306 PMCID: PMC10057972 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol found in many essential oils that has antibacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Drug loaded-invasome systems are used to deliver drugs utilizing nanoparticles to improve bioavailability, efficacy, and drug release duration. As a result, the present study developed carvacrol-loaded invasomes and evaluated their acaricidal effect against Rhipicephalus annulatus (cattle tick) and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (dog tick). Carvacrol loaded-invasome (CLI) was prepared and characterized using UV/Vis spectrophotometer, zeta potential measurements, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis. CLI (5%) induced significant mortality (100%) in R. annulatus adult ticks with LC50 of 2.60%, whereas the LC50 of pure carvacrol was 4.30%. Carvacrol and CLI were shown to have a significant larvicidal action on both tick species, with LC50s of 0.24 and 0.21% against R. annulatus and 0.27 and 0.23% against R. sanguineus, respectively. Carvacrol and CLI (5%) induced significant repellent activities for 24 h against R. annulatus and R. sanguineus, as evidenced by the rod method and the petri-dish selective area choice method, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) demonstrated that the CLI form had 3.86 times the permeability of pure carvacrol. Moreover, carvacrol and CLI inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity and decreased glutathione and malonedealdehyde levels in the treated ticks. In conclusion, invasomes significantly improved adulticidal and repellency activities of carvacrol against both tick species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Gamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Shawky M. Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Fatma I. Abo El-Ela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | | | - Samar M. Ibrahium
- Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Research Institute, Fayum Branch, Fayum 16101, Egypt
| | - Almahy M. EL-Mallah
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Saleh Al-Quraishy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh P.O. Box 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed O. Hassan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sahar M. Gadelhaq
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
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Qi Z, Yan Z, Tan G, Jia T, Geng Y, Shao H, Kundu SC, Lu S. Silk Fibroin Microneedles for Transdermal Drug Delivery: Where Do We Stand and How Far Can We Proceed? Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020355. [PMID: 36839676 PMCID: PMC9964088 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microneedles are a patient-friendly technique for delivering drugs to the site of action in place of traditional oral and injectable administration. Silk fibroin represents an interesting polymeric biomaterial because of its mechanical properties, thermal stability, biocompatibility and possibility of control via genetic engineering. This review focuses on the critical research progress of silk fibroin microneedles since their inception, analyzes in detail the structure and properties of silk fibroin, the types of silk fibroin microneedles, drug delivery applications and clinical trials, and summarizes the future development trend in this field. It also proposes the future research direction of silk fibroin microneedles, including increasing drug loading doses and enriching drug loading types as well as exploring silk fibroin microneedles with stimulation-responsive drug release functions. The safety and effectiveness of silk fibroin microneedles should be further verified in clinical trials at different stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zheng Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Guohongfang Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tianshuo Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yiyu Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Huiyan Shao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Subhas C. Kundu
- 3Bs Research Group, I3Bs Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegrabilities, and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Guimaraes, 4805-017 Barco, Portugal
| | - Shenzhou Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-512-67061152
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Raman S, Khan AA, Mahmood S. Nose to brain delivery of selegiline loaded PLGA/lipid nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterisation and brain pharmacokinetics evaluation. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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11
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Nasr AM, Moftah F, Abourehab MAS, Gad S. Design, Formulation, and Characterization of Valsartan Nanoethosomes for Improving Their Bioavailability. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2268. [PMID: 36365087 PMCID: PMC9696396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate valsartan (VLT) ethosomes to prepare an optimized formula of VLT-entrapped ethosomes that could be incorporated into a sustained release transdermal gel dosage form. The formulation of the prepared ethosomal gel was investigated and subjected to in vitro drug release studies, ex vivo test, and in vivo studies to assess the effectiveness of ethosomal formulation in enhancing the bioavailability of VLT as a poorly soluble drug and in controlling its release from the transdermal gel dosage form. The acquired results are as follows: Dependent responses were particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency. The optimized VLT-ETHs had a nanometric diameter (45.8 ± 0.5 nm), a negative surface charge (-51.4 ± 6.3 mV), and a high drug encapsulation (94.24 ± 0.2). The prepared VLT ethosomal gel (VLT-ethogel) showed a high peak plasma concentration and enhanced bioavailability in rats compared with the oral solution of valsartan presented in the higher AUC (0-∞). The AUC (0-∞) with oral treatment was 7.0 ± 2.94 (μg.h/mL), but the AUC (0-∞) with topical application of the VAL nanoethosomal gel was 137.2 ± 49.88 (μg.h/mL), providing the sustained release pattern of VLT from the tested ethosomal gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt
| | - Fayrouz Moftah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Arish 45511, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Shadeed Gad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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K S NS, Dengale SJ, Mutalik S, Bhat K. Raloxifene HCl – Quercetin Co-amorphous System: Preparation, Characterization, and Investigation of its Behavior in Phosphate Buffer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2022; 48:227-238. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2022.2104308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Navya Sree K S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
| | - Swapnil J Dengale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) Guwahati, Assam-781101, India.
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India
| | - Krishnamurthy Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka-576104, India.
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Amorphization of Drugs for Transdermal Delivery-a Recent Update. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050983. [PMID: 35631568 PMCID: PMC9143970 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion is a popular formulation approach for orally administered poorly water-soluble drugs, especially for BCS class II. But oral delivery could not be an automatic choice for some drugs with high first-pass metabolism susceptibility. In such cases, transdermal delivery is considered an alternative if the drug is potent and the dose is less than 10 mg. Amorphization of drugs causes supersaturation and enhances the thermodynamic activity of the drugs. Hence, drug transport through the skin could be improved. The stabilization of amorphous system is a persistent challenge that restricts its application. A polymeric system, where amorphous drug is dispersed in a polymeric carrier, helps its stability. However, high excipient load often becomes problematic for the polymeric amorphous system. Coamorphous formulation is another approach, where one drug is mixed with another drug or low molecular weight compound, which stabilizes each other, restricts crystallization, and maintains a single-phase homogenous amorphous system. Prevention of recrystallization along with enhanced skin permeation has been observed by the transdermal coamorphous system. But scalable manufacturing methods, extensive stability study and in-depth in vivo evaluation are lacking. This review has critically studied the mechanistic aspects of amorphization and transdermal permeation by analyzing recent researches in this field to propose a future direction.
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V MN, Mahmood S, Shah AM, Al-Suede FSR. Suppression of Melanoma Growth in a Murine Tumour Model Using Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Extract Loaded in Ethanolic Phospholipid Vesicles (Spherosome. Curr Drug Metab 2022; 23:317-328. [PMID: 35430963 DOI: 10.2174/1389200223666220416215129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (O.S) is a traditional south-east Asian herb. The extract of O.S is used in the formulation of ethanolic nanolipid vesicle system to have considerable potential for tumour therapeutics. METHOD The research objective is to develop and characterise the anticancer and antiangiogenic effect of O.S extract in the form of nano-ethanolic spherosomes (ESP) using phospholipids in melanoma. Spherosomes formulation of O.S was developed using the thin-film re-hydration method and converted to gel using Acrypol 1%. The formulations were subjected to optimisation and physical-chemical characterisations like particle size, surface charge, DSC, FTIR, TEM. Cytotoxicity of O.S and ESP were studied using an endothelial cell line (EA. hy926). Furthermore, anti-melanoma effect of O.S spherosome gel was studied in albino mice after topical administration. RESULTS ESP-6 with the ratio of extract (O.S): cholesterol: phospholipid (1: 6: 0.5) showed the highest entrapment efficiency (80.56 ± 0.84%) using ultraviolet spectroscopy. In-vivo permeation/penetration studies revealed deeper absorption of ESP-6 compared with a hydroethanolic gel of O.S. In-vitro and in vivo anti-melanoma studies demonstrated the significant tumour-suppressing effect of ESP-6 on murine melanoma. Percentage inhibition of tumour growth by O.S and ESP-6 at 3000 mg/kg showed 63.98 ± 7.86% and 87.76 ± 7.90%, respectively. CONCLUSION Spherosome vesicles were developed with a smooth surface. The results demonstrated that O.S extract showed no toxicity when tested on the endothelial cell line. O.S loaded in spherosomes has the potential to lower the growth of melanoma in mice. The spherosomes loaded with O.S do not promote tumour growth or act as antiangiogenetic in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoureh Nazari V
- Universitas Augustus 17, 1945,14350 Jakarta.,School of pharmaceutical sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden
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Formulation Development for Transdermal Delivery of Raloxifene, a Chemoprophylactic Agent against Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030680. [PMID: 35336054 PMCID: PMC8953220 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene (RLX) is a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator approved for the prevention of invasive breast cancer in women. Oral therapy of RLX requires daily intake and is associated with side effects that may lead to low adherence. We developed a weekly transdermal delivery system (TDS) for the sustained delivery of RLX to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness, increase adherence, and reduce side effects. We evaluated the weekly transdermal administration of RLX using passive permeation, chemical enhancers, physical enhancement techniques, and matrix- and reservoir-type systems, including polymeric gels. In vitro permeation studies were conducted using vertical Franz diffusion cells across dermatomed human skin or human epidermis. Oleic acid was selected as a chemical enhancer based on yielding the highest drug delivery amongst the various enhancers screened and was incorporated in the formulation of TDSs and polymeric gels. Based on in vitro results, both Eudragit- and colloidal silicon dioxide-based transdermal gels of RLX exceeded the target flux of 24 μg/cm2/day for 7 days. An infinite dose of these gels delivered 326.23 ± 107.58 µg/ cm2 and 498.81 ± 14.26 µg/ cm2 of RLX in 7 days, respectively, successfully exceeding the required target flux. These in vitro results confirm the potential of reservoir-based polymeric gels as a TDS for the weekly administration of RLX.
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Ansari MD, khan I, Solanki P, Pandit J, Jahan RN, Aqil M, Sultana Y. Fabrication and optimization of raloxifene loaded spanlastics vesicle for transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Enhancing the Bioavailability and Efficacy of Vismodegib for the Control of Skin Cancer: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020126. [PMID: 35215238 PMCID: PMC8874937 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer throughout the world. Vismodegib (VSD) is a hedgehog blocker approved for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer. VSD, however, is poorly bioavailable and has been linked to side effects. This work focused on designing a nano-invasome gel as a vehicle for enhancing the permeation, bioavailability, and efficacy of VSD. Additionally, the combined effect of terpenes and ethanol was studied on the permeation of VSD compared with liposomes. The prepared VSD-loaded invasomes (VLI) formulation included cineole (1%v/v), cholesterol (0.15%w/w), phospholipid (2%w/w), and ethanol (3%v/v) and displayed an entrapment efficiency of 87.73 ± 3.82%, a vesicle size of 188.27 ± 3.25 nm, and a steady-state flux of 9.83 ± 0.11 µg/cm2/h. The VLI formulation was vigorously stirred into a carbopol base before being characterized in vivo to investigate the permeation, bioavailability, and efficacy of VSD. The VLI gel enhanced the dermal permeation of VSD and, as a result, had 3.59 times higher bioavailability with excellent antitumor action as compared to oral VSD. In summary, as an alternative to oral administration for skin cancer treatment, invasomes are efficient carriers for delivering VSD and enhancing its transdermal flux into deep skin layers.
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Martínez AV, Merino V, Ganem-Rondero A. Transdermal formulations and strategies for the treatment of osteoporosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Nair RS, Billa N, Mooi LY, Morris AP. Characterization and Ex vivo Evaluation of Curcumin Nanoethosomes for Melanoma treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 27:72-82. [PMID: 34957920 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.2023568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at developing curcumin nanoethosomes (Cur-Ets) with superior skin permeation intended for melanoma treatment. Although curcumin is active against many types of skin cancers, a suitable topical formulation is still lacking due to its hydrophobicity and poor skin permeation. The formulation was characterized using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ATR-FTIR, DSC, and XRD. In vitro skin permeation was carried out using human skin, and the cytotoxicity of the formulation was evaluated on human melanoma cells (SK-MEL28). The vesicle size and zeta potential of the Cur-Ets were determined as 67 ± 1.6 nm and - 87.3 ± 3.3 mV, respectively. STEM and AFM analysis further support the size and morphology of the formulation. Curcumin's compatibility with formulation additives was confirmed by ATR-FTIR analysis. In addition, DSC and XRD analyses showed successful drug encapsulation in nanoethosomes. The drug encapsulation efficiency was determined as 87 ± 0.9%. The skin permeation of curcumin from Cur-Ets showed a superior flux (0.14 ± 0.03 µg cm-2 h-1) compared to the control (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of the formulation demonstrated a time-dependent and concentration-dependent antiproliferative activity against melanoma cells. The developed Cur-Ets is suggested as a promising topical formulation for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sreedharan Nair
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lim Yang Mooi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, LOT PT 21144, Jalan Sungai Long Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor
| | - Andrew P Morris
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, UK
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20
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Mahmood S, Almurisi SH, AL-Japairai K, Hilles AR, Alelwani W, Bannunah AM, Alshammari F, Alheibshy F. Ibuprofen-Loaded Chitosan-Lipid Nanoconjugate Hydrogel with Gum Arabic: Green Synthesis, Characterisation, In Vitro Kinetics Mechanistic Release Study and PGE2 Production Test. Gels 2021; 7:gels7040254. [PMID: 34940313 PMCID: PMC8701348 DOI: 10.3390/gels7040254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ibuprofen is a well-known non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medicine that is often used to treat inflammation in general. When given orally, it produces gastrointestinal issues which lead to lower patient compliance. Ibuprofen transdermal administration improves both patient compliance and the efficacy of the drug. Nanoconjugation hydrogels were proposed as a controlled transdermal delivery tool for ibuprofen. Six formulations were prepared using different compositions including chitosan, lipids, gum arabic, and polyvinyl alcohol, through ionic interaction, maturation, and freeze–thaw methods. The formulations were characterised by size, drug conjugation efficiency, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Further analysis of optimised hydrogels was performed, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), rheology, gel fraction and swelling ability, in vitro drug release, and in vitro macrophage prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production testing. The effects of ibuprofen’s electrostatic interaction with a lipid or polymer on the physicochemical and dissolution characterisation of ibuprofen hydrogels were evaluated. The results showed that the S3 (with lipid conjugation) hydrogel provided higher conjugation efficiency and prolonged drug release compared with the S6 hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Malaysia;
| | - Khater AL-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia;
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
| | - Walla Alelwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Collage of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azzah M. Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First Year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhan Alshammari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (F.A.)
| | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 2240, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (F.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden 6075, Yemen
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Zakir F, Ahmad A, Mirza MA, Kohli K, Ahmad FJ. Exploration of a transdermal nanoemulgel as an alternative therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Nanostructured lipid carrier to overcome stratum corneum barrier for the delivery of agomelatine in rat brain; formula optimization, characterization and brain distribution study. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121006. [PMID: 34391848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The current work attempted to achieve bypassed hepatic metabolism, controlled release, and boosted brain distribution of agomelatine by loading in NLC and administering via transdermal route. Agomelatine-loaded NLC (AG-NLC) was fabricated employing melt-emulsification technique and optimized using central composite design. The optimized AG-NLC had 183.16 ± 6.82 nm particle size, 0.241 ± 0.0236 polydispersity index, and 83.29 ± 2.76% entrapment efficiency. TEM and FESEM visually confirmed the size and surface morphology of AG-NLC, respectively. DSC thermogram confirmed the conversion of AG from crystalline to amorphous form, which indicates improved solubility of AG when loaded in NLC. For further stability and improved applicability, AG-NLC was converted into a hydrogel. The texture analysis of AG-NLC-Gel showed appropriate gelling property in terms of hardness (142.292 g), cohesiveness (0.955), and adhesiveness (216.55 g.sec). In comparison to AG-suspension-Gel (38.036 ± 6.058%), AG-NLC-Gel (89.440 ± 2.586%) exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.005) skin permeation profile during the 24 h study. In the CLSM study, Rhodamine-B loaded AG-NLC-Gel established skin penetration up to the depth of 45 µm, whereas AG-Suspension-Gel was restricted only to a depth of 25 µm. γ-scintigraphy in wistar rats revealed ~ 55.38% brain distribution potential of 99mTc-AG-NLC-Gel at 12 h, which was 6.31-fold higher than 99mTc-AG-Suspension-Gel. Overall, the gamma scintigraphy assisted brain distribution study suggests that NLC-Gel system may improve the brain delivery of agomelatine, when applied transdermally.
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Antimisiaris S, Marazioti A, Kannavou M, Natsaridis E, Gkartziou F, Kogkos G, Mourtas S. Overcoming barriers by local drug delivery with liposomes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:53-86. [PMID: 33539852 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Localized or topical administration of drugs may be considered as a potential approach for overcoming the problems caused by the various biological barriers encountered in drug delivery. The combination of using localized administration routes and delivering drugs in nanoparticulate formulations, such as liposomes, may have additional advantages. Such advantages include prolonged retention of high drug loads at the site of action and controlled release of the drug, ensuring prolonged therapeutic effect; decreased potential for side-effects and toxicity (due to the high topical concentrations of drugs); and increased protection of drugs from possible harsh environments at the site of action. The use of targeted liposomal formulations may further potentiate any acquired therapeutic advantages. In this review we present the most advanced cases of localized delivery of liposomal formulations of drugs, which have been investigated pre-clinically and clinically in the last ten years, together with the reported therapeutic advantages, in each case.
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Sharma G, Alle M, Chakraborty C, Kim JC. Strategies for transdermal drug delivery against bone disorders: A preclinical and clinical update. J Control Release 2021; 336:375-395. [PMID: 34175368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The transdermal drug delivery system is an exceptionally safe and well-tolerable therapeutic approach that has immense potential for delivering active components against bone-related pathologies. However, its use is limited in the current clinical practices due to the low skin permeability of most active drugs in the formulation. Thus, innovations in the methodologies of skin permeation enhancement techniques are suggested to overcome this limitation. Although various transdermal drug delivery systems are studied to date, there are insufficient studies comparing the therapeutic efficacy of transdermal delivery systems to oral delivery systems. Thus, creating a decision-making dilemma between oral or transdermal therapies. Therefore, a timely review is inevitable to develop a platform for future researchers to develop next-generation transdermal drug delivery strategies against skeletal diseases that must be convenient and cost-effective for the patients with improved therapeutic efficacy. Here, we will outline the most recent strategies that can overcome the choice limitation of the drug and enhance the transdermal adsorption of various types of drugs to treat bone disorders. For the first time, in this review paper, we will highlight the preclinical and clinical studies on the different transdermal delivery methods. Thus, providing insight into the current therapeutic approaches and suggesting new directions for the advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems against bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Madhusudhan Alle
- Institute of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Rd, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Jin-Chul Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the synergistic effect of raloxifene loaded transfersomes for transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ethosomes and Transethosomes for Mangiferin Transdermal Delivery. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050768. [PMID: 34066018 PMCID: PMC8150765 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangiferin is a natural glucosyl xanthone with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, making it suitable for protection against cutaneous diseases. In this study ethosomes and transethosomes were designed as topical delivery systems for mangiferin. A preformulation study was conducted using different surfactants in association with phosphatidylcholine. Vesicle dimensional distribution was monitored by photon correlation spectroscopy, while antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity were respectively assessed by free radical scavenging analysis and MTT on HaCaT keratinocytes. Selected nanosystems were further investigated by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, while mangiferin entrapment capacity was evaluated by ultracentrifugation and HPLC. The diffusion kinetics of mangiferin from ethosomes and transethosomes evaluated by Franz cell was faster in the case of transethosomes. The suitability of mangiferin-containing nanovesicles in the treatment of skin disorders related to pollutants was investigated, evaluating, in vitro, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of ethosomes and transethosomes on human keratinocytes exposed to cigarette smoke as an oxidative and inflammatory challenger. The ability to induce an antioxidant response (HO-1) and anti-inflammatory status (IL-6 and NF-kB) was determined by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence. The data demonstrated the effectiveness of mangiferin loaded in nanosystems to protect cells from damage. Finally, to gain insight into the keratinocytes’ uptake of ethosome and transethosome, transmission electron microscopy analyses were conducted, showing that both nanosystems were able to pass intact within the cells.
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Chaturvedi S, Garg A. An insight of techniques for the assessment of permeation flux across the skin for optimization of topical and transdermal drug delivery systems. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mahmood S, Kiong KC, Tham CS, Chien TC, Hilles AR, Venugopal JR. PEGylated Lipid Polymeric Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Acyclovir for In Vitro Controlled Release and Ex Vivo Gut Sac Permeation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:285. [PMID: 33057878 PMCID: PMC7556614 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01810-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, pharmaceutical research is directed wide range for developing new drugs for oral administration to target disease. Acyclovir formulation is having common issues of short half-life and poor permeability, causing messy treatment which results in patient incompliance. The present study formulates a lipid polymeric hybrid nanoparticles for antiviral acyclovir (ACV) agent with Phospholipon® 90G (lecithin), chitosan, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) to improve controlled release of the drugs. The study focused on the encapsulation of the ACV in lipid polymeric particle and their sustained delivery. The formulation developed for the self-assembly of chitosan and lecithin to form a shell encapsulating acyclovir, followed by PEGylation. Optimisation was performed via Box-Behnken Design (BBD), forming nanoparticles with size of 187.7 ± 3.75 nm, 83.81 ± 1.93% drug-entrapped efficiency (EE), and + 37.7 ± 1.16 mV zeta potential. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images displayed spherical nanoparticles formation. Encapsulation of ACV and complexity with other physical parameters are confirmed through analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. Nanoparticle produced was capable of achieving 24-h sustained release in vitro on gastric and intestinal environments. Ex vivo study proved the improvement of acyclovir's apparent permeability from 2 × 10-6 to 6.46 × 10-6 cm s-1. Acyclovir new formulation was achieved to be stable up to 60 days for controlled release of the drugs. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia.
- Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Kong Chak Kiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Chun Shern Tham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Tan Choo Chien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300, Gambang, Malaysia
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Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai K, Mahmood S, Hamed Almurisi S, Reddy Venugopal J, Rebhi Hilles A, Azmana M, Raman S. Current trends in polymer microneedle for transdermal drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 587:119673. [PMID: 32739388 PMCID: PMC7392082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery using microneedles is increasingly gaining interest due to the issues associated with oral drug delivery routes. Gastrointestinal route exposes the drug to acid and enzymes present in the stomach, leading to denaturation of the compound and resulting in poor bioavailability. Microneedle transdermal drug delivery addresses the problems linked to oral delivery and to relieves the discomfort of patients associated with injections to increase patient compliance. Microneedles can be broadly classified into five types: solid microneedles, coated microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles, and hydrogel-forming microneedles. The materials used for the preparation of microneedles dictate the different applications and features present in the microneedle. Polymeric microneedle arrays present an improved method for transdermal administration of drugs as they penetrate the skin stratum corneum barrier with minimal invasiveness. The review summarizes the importance of polymeric microneedle and discussed some of the most important therapeutic drugs in research, mainly protein drugs, vaccines and small molecule drugs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khater Ahmed Saeed AL-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia; Centre of Excellence for Advanced Research in Fluid Flow (CARIFF), University Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia.
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan 25200, Malaysia
| | - Jayarama Reddy Venugopal
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Ayah Rebhi Hilles
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Science and Technology, PICOMS International University College of Medical Sciences, 68100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Motia Azmana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
| | - Subashini Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, University Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia
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Murthy A, Ravi PR, Kathuria H, Vats R. Self-assembled lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles improve the oral bioavailability and alter the pharmacokinetics of raloxifene. Int J Pharm 2020; 588:119731. [PMID: 32763388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the development and evaluation of soy lecithin-chitosan hybrid nanoparticles to improve the oral bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride. The nanoparticles were formed by interaction of negatively charged soy lecithin with positively charged chitosan. The ratio of soy lecithin to chitosan was critical for the charge, and hence the size of the nanoparticles. The optimal soy lecithin to chitosan ratio was 20:1 to obtain nanoparticles with particle size of 208 ± 3 nm, a ζ-potential of 36 ± 2 mV and an entrapment efficiency of 73 ± 3%. The nanoparticles were also characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and FT-IR spectrophotometer. In-vitro drug release was assessed using dialysis bag method in pH 7.4 buffer. The drug loaded nanoparticles did not cause significant reduction in the cell viability at low doses. Pharmacokinetic studies in female Wistar rats showed significant improvement (~4.2 folds) in the oral bioavailability of the drug when loaded into nanoparticles. Further, the modified everted gut sac study showed that these nanoparticles are taken up by active endocytic processes in the intestine. The ex-vivo mucoadhesion studies proved that the nanoparticles get bound to the mucus layer of the intestine, which in turn correlates with reduced excretion of the drug in faeces. In conclusion, the proposed nanoparticles appear promising for effective oral delivery of poorly bioavailable drugs like raloxifene hydrochloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Murthy
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Ranga Reddy (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Punna Rao Ravi
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Ranga Reddy (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Himanshu Kathuria
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Ranga Reddy (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh, India; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Rahul Vats
- BITS-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Ranga Reddy (Dist.), Andhra Pradesh, India
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Chacko IA, Ghate VM, Dsouza L, Lewis SA. Lipid vesicles: A versatile drug delivery platform for dermal and transdermal applications. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 195:111262. [PMID: 32736123 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Topical and transdermal application of active pharmaceutical ingredients to the skin is an attractive strategy being explored by formulation scientists to treat disease conditions rather than the oral drug delivery. Several approaches have been attempted, and many of them have emerged with significant clinical potential. However, the delivery of drugs across the skin is an arduous task due to permeation limiting barriers. It, therefore, requires the aid of external agents or carrier systems for efficient permeation. Lipid-based vesicular systems are carriers for the transport of drugs through the stratum corneum (dermal drug delivery) and into the bloodstream for systemic action (transdermal drug delivery) overcoming the barrier properties. This review article describes the various vesicular systems reported for skin delivery of actives with relevant case studies. The vesicular systems presented here are in the order of their advent from conventional systems to the advanced lipid vesicles. The design and development of drugs in vesicular systems have brought a new dimension to the treatment of disease conditions overcoming the permeation limiting barriers, thus improving its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indhu A Chacko
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek M Ghate
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Leonna Dsouza
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shaila A Lewis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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33
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Spray-dried raloxifene submicron particles for pulmonary delivery: Development and in vivo pharmacokinetic evaluation in rats. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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34
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Sguizzato M, Mariani P, Spinozzi F, Benedusi M, Cervellati F, Cortesi R, Drechsler M, Prieux R, Valacchi G, Esposito E. Ethosomes for Coenzyme Q10 Cutaneous Administration: From Design to 3D Skin Tissue Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E485. [PMID: 32503293 PMCID: PMC7346166 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethosome represents a smart transdermal vehicle suitable for solubilization and cutaneous application of drugs. Coenzyme Q10 is an endogenous antioxidant whose supplementation can counteract many cutaneous disorders and pathologies. In this respect, the present study describes the production, characterization, and cutaneous protection of phosphatidylcholine based ethosomes as percutaneous delivery systems for coenzyme Q10. CoQ10 entrapment capacity in ethosomes was almost 100%, vesicles showed the typical 'fingerprint' structure, while mean diameters were around 270 nm, undergoing an 8% increase after 3 months from production. An ex-vivo study, conducted by transmission electron microscopy, could detect the uptake of ethosomes in human skin fibroblasts and the passage of the vesicles through 3D reconstituted human epidermis. Immunofluorescence analyses were carried on both on fibroblasts and 3D reconstituted human epidermis treated with ethosomes in the presence of H2O2 as oxidative stress challenger, evaluating 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts which is as a reliable biomarker for oxidative damage. Notably, the pretreatment with CoQ10 loaded in ethosomes exerted a consistent protective effect against oxidative stress, in both models, fibroblasts and in reconstituted human epidermis respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Sguizzato
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Paolo Mariani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (P.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Spinozzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (P.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mascia Benedusi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Franco Cervellati
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Rita Cortesi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Markus Drechsler
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI) Keylab “Electron and Optical Microscopy”, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Roxane Prieux
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.B.); (F.C.); (R.P.)
- Animal Science Dept., Plants for Human Health Institute, NC Research Campus, NC State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Hoegi-Dong, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Elisabetta Esposito
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy;
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35
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Potential treatment of arthritis with an optimized Mometasone Furoate loaded-ethosomal gel in carrageenan-induced rat joint arthritis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Shabbir M, Nagra U, Zaman M, Mahmood A, Barkat K. Lipid Vesicles and Nanoparticles for Non-invasive Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2149-2166. [PMID: 31931691 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114090659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of drugs, via different layers of skin, is challenging because it acts as a natural barrier and exerts hindrance against molecules to permeate into or through it. To overcome such obstacles, different noninvasive methods, like vehicle-drug interaction, modifications of the horny layer and nanoparticles have been suggested. The aim of the present review is to highlight some of the non-invasive methods for topical, diadermal and transdermal delivery of drugs. Special emphasis has been made on the information available in numerous research articles that put efforts in overcoming obstacles associated with barrier functions imposed by various layers of skin. Advances have been made in improving patient compliance that tends to avoid hitches involved in oral administration. Of particular interest is the use of lipid-based vesicles and nanoparticles for dermatological applications. These particulate systems can effectively interact and penetrate into the stratum corneum via lipid exchange and get distributed in epidermis and dermis. They also have the tendency to exert a systemic effect by facilitating the absorption of an active moiety into general circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabbir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Nagra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Barkat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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37
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Alhakamy NA, Fahmy UA, Ahmed OAA. Vitamin E TPGS based transferosomes augmented TAT as a promising delivery system for improved transdermal delivery of raloxifene. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226639. [PMID: 31881053 PMCID: PMC6934291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Raloxifene is commonly used for breast cancer protection. The low bioavailability of raloxifene (2%) is the result of its low solubility and intestinal glucuronidation. The nano-lipid carriers are characterized by small particle size, biocompatibility, and sustainable properties that improve cellular uptake of the loaded drug. The aim of this study was the improvement of raloxifene bioavailability by enhancing its solubility and cellular penetration through formulation of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate based transferosomes and augmenting their effect with the cationic cell-penetrating peptide transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus. Particle size, zeta potential, and transmission electron microscope investigation of the formed nanocarriers were carried out. Ex vivo raloxifene permeation through rat skin and cell viability studies was investigated. The results of D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate- transactivator of transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus transferosomes showed an average vesicle size of 96.05 nm with positively charged vesicles 39.4 mV of zeta potential value. The results revealed significant (p < 0.05) enhancement of raloxifene permeation from raloxifene transferosomes- loaded film when compared with raw raloxifene film. IC50 results showed significant improvement of formulated raloxifene cytotoxicity by 1.42-fold in comparison with raw raloxifene against MCF-7 cell lines. The developed raloxifene-transferosomes are considered promising nano-lipid carriers for the enhancement delivery of raloxifene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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38
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Kong Y, Cai H, Xing H, Ren C, Kong D, Ning C, Li N, Zhao D, Chen X, Lu Y. Pulmonary delivery alters the disposition of raloxifene in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:185-196. [PMID: 31730290 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary delivery is an effective way to improve the bioavailability of drugs with extensive metabolism. This research was designed to study the different pharmacokinetic behaviours of small molecule drug after pulmonary delivery and intragastric (i.g) administration. METHODS Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator with low oral bioavailability (~2%), was chosen as the model drug. Studies were conducted systematically in rats, including plasma pharmacokinetics, excretion, tissue distribution and metabolism. KEY FINDINGS Results showed that raloxifene solution dosed by intratracheal (i.t) administration exhibited relatively quick plasma elimination (t1/2 = 1.78 ± 0.14 h) and undetected absorption process, which was similar with intravenous injection. Compared with i.g administration, the bioavailability increased by 58 times, but the major route of excretion remained faecal excretion. Drug concentration on the bone and the target efficiency were improved by 49.6 times and five times, respectively. Benefited from quick elimination in the lung, chronic toxicity might be ignored. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary administration improved the bioavailability of raloxifene and further increased the distribution on the target organ (bone), with no obvious impact on its excretory pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong, China
| | - Hui Cai
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Xing
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Ren
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dexuan Kong
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Ning
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Li
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Laboratory, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Transdermal lipid vesicular delivery of iloperidone: Formulation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 183:110409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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A novel transdermal nanoethosomal gel of lercanidipine HCl for treatment of hypertension: optimization using Box-Benkhen design, in vitro and in vivo characterization. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 10:227-240. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Development of an optimized avanafil-loaded invasomal transdermal film: Ex vivo skin permeation and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2019; 570:118657. [PMID: 31491483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Avanafil (AVA) is a recent FDA approved selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor used for oral treatment of erectile dysfunction. The oral bioavailability of the drug is challenged by its reduced water solubility, considerable presystemic metabolism, and altered absorption in the presence of food. Accordingly, this work aimed to surmount the aforementioned challenges through the development of optimized nanosized AVA invasomes with enhanced transdermal delivery. AVA invasomes were prepared according to a Box-Behnken experimental design to explore the impact of the following formulation factors: phospholipid % (X1), ethanol % (X2), terpene % (X3), and terpene type (X4) on vesicle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2). The three numerical variables were used at three levels, while the categorical variable was used at two levels. The optimized formulation with vesicular size of 109.92 nm and entrapment efficiency of 96.98% was incorporated into a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose-based transdermal film and characterized for its ex vivo permeation behavior and in vivo performance in rats. The optimized AVA invasomal film showed enhanced ex vivo permeation with an enhancement factor of 2.514 and a more than four-fold increase in relative bioavailability compared to the raw AVA film. These results provide insight into the capability of the optimized invasomal film to enhance the transdermal permeation and bioavailability of AVA.
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42
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Yang M, Gu Y, Tang X, Wang T, Liu J. Advancement of Lipid-Based Nanocarriers and Combination Application with Physical Penetration Technique. Curr Drug Deliv 2019; 16:312-324. [PMID: 30657039 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190118125427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
On account of the advantages of transdermal delivery and the application situation of transcutaneous technology in transdermal delivery, the article critically comments on nanosystems as permeation enhancement model. Nanosystems possess great potential for transcutaneous drug delivery. This review focuses on recent advances in lipid-based nanocarriers, including liposome, transfersomes, ethosomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers and combination application of the lipid-based nanocarriers with microneedle, iontophoresis, electroporation and sonophoresis in the field for the development of the transdermal drug delivery system. We attempted to give an overview of lipid-based nanocarriers with the aim to improve transdermal and dermal drug delivery. A special focus is given to the nanocarrier composition, characteristic and interaction mechanisms through the skin. Recent combination applications of lipid-based nanocarriers with the physical penetration technology demonstrate the superiority of the combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods in drug penetration enhancement compared to their single use. In the future, lipidbased nanocarriers will play a greater role in the field of transdermal and dermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yongwei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Xiaomeng Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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43
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Waheed A, Aqil M, Ahad A, Imam SS, Moolakkadath T, Iqbal Z, Ali A. Improved bioavailability of raloxifene hydrochloride using limonene containing transdermal nano-sized vesicles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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44
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Formulation development of ethosomes containing indomethacin for transdermal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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45
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Lu IJ, Fu YS, Chang WY, Wu PC. Using Microemulsion as Carrier for Drug Transdermal Delivery: The Effect of Surfactants and Cosurfactants. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:1052-1058. [PMID: 31131746 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190527091528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of types of surfactants and cosurfactants on physicochemical properties and permeability of sumatriptan-loaded microemulsions through rat skin. METHODS Different types of surfactants and cosurfactants were used to prepare drug-loaded microemulsions. The physicochemical characters and permeability parameters of these formulations were measured. RESULTS The experimental microemulsions with varying components had small droplet size ranging from 24.6 nm to 2568.8 nm, low viscosity ranging from 7.49 to 43.34 cps and significant permeation enhancement ratio ranging from 23.0 to 98.6 when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION The composition and proportion of surfactants and cosurfactants were key factors for the physiochemical properties of drug-loaded microemulsions. The cumulative transdermal amount of the microemulsion containing mixture surfactant of Laureth-3/Laureth-23 was higher than that of the microemulsion with a mixture of Tween 80/Span 20. In the selected cosurfactant, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGMEE) showed highest permeation enhancement. Thermodynamic stability tests revealed that the experimental microemulsion was a stable enough formulation to be considered as a suitable carrier for sumatriptan.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ju Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Yaw-Syan Fu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Wen-Yu Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
| | - Pao-Chu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
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Alvarez-Figueroa MJ, Abarca-Riquelme JM, González-Aramundiz JV. Influence of protamine shell on nanoemulsions as a carrier for cyclosporine-A skin delivery. Pharm Dev Technol 2018; 24:630-638. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2018.1550789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José María Abarca-Riquelme
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Vicente González-Aramundiz
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados “CIEN-UC”, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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47
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Development and evaluation of ibuprofen loaded mixed micelles preparations for topical delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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48
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Paeonol-Loaded Ethosomes as Transdermal Delivery Carriers: Design, Preparation and Evaluation. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071756. [PMID: 30018278 PMCID: PMC6100239 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonol exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic as well as pain-relieving activities. However, its intrinsic properties, such as low water solubility, poor stability and low oral bioavailability, restrict its clinical application. The current study aimed to optimize paeonol-loaded ethosomal formulation and characterize it in terms of encapsulation efficiency (EE), vesicle size (VS), zeta potential (ZP) and polydispersity index (PDI), in addition to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) studies. Here, paeonol-loaded ethosomes were prepared by the injection method and optimized by the single-factor test and central composite design-response surface methodology. The optimized paeonol-loaded ethosomes had an EE of 84.33 ± 1.34%, VS of 120.2 ± 1.3 nm, negative charge of −16.8 ± 0.36 mV, and PDI of 0.131 ± 0.006. Ethosomes showed a spherical morphology under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). DSC, XRD and FT-IR results indicated that paeonol was successfully incorporated into the ethosomes. In-vitro transdermal absorption and skin retention of paeonol from paeonol-loaded ethosomes were 138.58 ± 9.60 µg/cm2 and 52.60 ± 7.90 µg/cm2, respectively. With reasonable skin tolerance, ethosomes could be a promising vehicle for transdermal delivery of paeonol.
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