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Bapat P, Paul S, Tseng YC, Taylor LS. Interplay of Drug-Polymer Interactions and Release Performance for HPMCAS-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:1466-1478. [PMID: 38346390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between drug and polymer chemistry and its impact on drug release from an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a relatively underexplored area. Herein, the release rates of several drugs of diverse chemistry from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based ASDs were explored using surface area normalized dissolution. The tendency of the drug to form an insoluble complex with HPMCAS was determined through coprecipitation experiments. The role of pH and the extent of drug ionization were probed to evaluate the role of electrostatic interactions in complex formation. Relationships between the extent of complexation and the drug release rate from an ASD were observed, whereby the drugs could be divided into two groups. Drugs with a low extent of insoluble complex formation with HPMCAS tended to be neutral or anionic and showed reasonable release at pH 6.8 even at higher drug loadings. Cationic drugs formed insoluble complexes with HPMCAS and showed poor release when formulated as an ASD. Thus, and somewhat counterintuitively, a weakly basic drug showed a reduced release rate from an ASD at a bulk solution pH where it was ionized, relative to when unionized. The opposite trend was observed in the absence of polymer for the neat amorphous drug. In conclusion, electrostatic interactions between HPMCAS and lipophilic cationic drugs led to insoluble complex formation, which in turn resulted in ASDs with poor release performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradnya Bapat
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Shubhajit Paul
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Yin-Chao Tseng
- Material and Analytical Sciences, Research and Development, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Asad M, Rasul A, Abbas G, Shah MA, Nazir I. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: A versatile approach to enhance the oral delivery of BCS class III drug via hydrophobic ion pairing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286668. [PMID: 37294790 PMCID: PMC10256195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biopharmaceutical classification systems (BCS) class III drugs belongs to a group of drugs with high solubility in gastrointestinal (GI) fluids and low membrane permeability result in significantly low bioavailability. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) considered a suitable candidate to enhance the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by improving their membrane permeability, however, incorporating hydrophilic drugs in to these carriers remained a great challenge. The aim of this study was to develop hydrophobic ion pairs (HIPs) of a model BCS class-III drug tobramycin (TOB) in order to incorporate into SEDDS and improve its bioavailability. HIPs of TOB were formulated using anionic surfactants sodium docusate (DOC) and sodium dodecanoate (DOD). The efficiency of HIPs was estimated by measuring the concentration of formed complexes in water, zeta potential determination and log P value evaluation. Solubility studies of HIPs of TOB with DOC were accomplished to screen the suitable excipients for SEDDS development. Consequently, HIPs of TOB with DOC were loaded into SEDDS and assessed the log DSEDDS/release medium and dissociation of these complexes at different intestinal pH over time. Moreover, cytotoxic potential of HIPs of TOB and HIPs loaded SEDDS formulations was evaluated. HIPs of TOB with DOC exhibited the maximum precipitation efficiency at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:5. Log P of HIPs of TOB improved up to 1500-fold compared to free TOB. Zeta potential of TOB was shifted from positive to negative during hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP). HIPs of TOB with DOC was loaded at a concentration of 1% (w/v) into SEDDS formulations. Log DSEDDS/release medium of loaded complexes in to oily droplets was above 2 and dissociated up to 20% at various pH within 4 h. Finding of this study suggested that improvement of the lipophilic character of BCS class-III drugs followed by incorporation into oily droplets can be deliberated as a promising tool to enhance the permeation across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Nazir
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore campus, Lahore, Pakistan
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Wibel R, Jörgensen AM, Laffleur F, Spleis H, Claus V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral delivery of calcitonin-ion pairs: In vivo proof of concept for a highly lipophilic counterion. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122476. [PMID: 36528188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing and subsequent incorporation into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) is a promising strategy to orally deliver hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Within this study, hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) between salmon calcitonin (sCT) and highly lipophilic sulfosuccinate counterions were formed and compared to frequently applied commercially available counterions. Bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate resulted in HIPs of the highest lipophilicity and in significantly higher solubility in lipophilic co-solvents. Thus, bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate allowed efficient solubilization of sCT in a SEDDS preconcentrate based on a lipophilic co-solvent and an indigestible lipid, but omitting hydrophilic co-solvents. In addition to the increased solubility in the lipidic matrix, markedly reduced dissociation in biorelevant media resulted in high distribution coefficients between oil droplet and FaSSGF or FaSSIF (logD) of 2.98 ± 0.12 or 2.77 ± 0.14, respectively. The composition of the lipidic matrix preserved integrity of the oil droplets after emulsification and subsequent lipolysis, allowing to fully exploit the potential of the HIP attributed to the high logD. Oral administration of the HIP-loaded SEDDS resulted in an excellent relative pharmacological activity of 13.8 ± 5.6 % measured as hypocalcaemic effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helen Spleis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Silva AM, Martins-Gomes C, Silva TL, Coutinho TE, Souto EB, Andreani T. In Vitro Assessment of Pesticides Toxicity and Data Correlation with Pesticides Physicochemical Properties for Prediction of Toxicity in Gastrointestinal and Skin Contact Exposure. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10070378. [PMID: 35878283 PMCID: PMC9317861 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10070378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three pesticides of different physicochemical properties, namely, glyphosate (herbicide), imidacloprid (insecticide) and imazalil (fungicide), were selected to assess their cytotoxicity against distinct cell models (Caco-2, HepG2, A431, HaCaT, SK-MEL-5 and RAW 264.7 cells) to mimic gastrointestinal and skin exposure with potential systemic effect. Cells were subjected to different concentrations of selected pesticides for 24 h or 48 h. Cell viability was assessed by Alamar Blue assay, morphological changes by bright-field microscopy and the IC50 values were calculated. Cytotoxic profiles were analysed using the physico-chemical parameters of the pesticides, namely: molecular weight, water solubility, the partition coefficient in the n-octanol/water (Log Pow) system, the topological polar surface area (TPSA), and number of hydrogen-bonds (donor/acceptor) and rotatable bonds. Results showed that glyphosate did not reduce cell viability (up to 1 mM), imidacloprid induced moderate toxicity (IC50 > 1 mM for Caco-2 cells while IC50 = 305.9 ± 22.4 μM for RAW 264.7 cells) and imazalil was highly cytotoxic (IC50 > 253.5 ± 3.37 for Caco-2 cells while IC50 = 31.3 ± 2.7 μM for RAW 264.7 cells) after 24 h exposure. Toxicity was time-dependent as IC50 values at 48 h exposure were lower, and decrease in cell viability was accompanied by changes in cell morphology. Pesticides toxicity was found to be directly proportional with their Log Pow, indicating that the affinity to a lipophilic environment such as the cell membranes governs their toxicity. Toxicity is inverse to pesticides TPSA, but lower TPSA favours membrane permeation. The lower toxicity against Caco-2 cells was attributed to the physiology and metabolism of cell barriers equipped with various ABC transporters. In conclusion, physicochemical factors such as Log Pow, TPSA and H-bond are likely to be directly correlated with pesticide-induced toxicity, thus being key factors to potentially predict the toxicity of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélia M. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-259-350-921
| | - Carlos Martins-Gomes
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tânia L. Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Tiago E. Coutinho
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life Sciences and Environment, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (C.M.-G.); (T.L.S.); (T.E.C.)
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Andreani
- Center for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB-UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- GreenUPorto—Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre & Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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Dałek P, Drabik D, Wołczańska H, Foryś A, Jagas M, Jędruchniewicz N, Przybyło M, Witkiewicz W, Langner M. Bioavailability by design — Vitamin D3 liposomal delivery vehicles. NANOMEDICINE: NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2022; 43:102552. [PMID: 35346834 PMCID: PMC8957331 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 deficiency has serious health consequences, as demonstrated by its effect on severity and recovery after COVID-19 infection. Because of high hydrophobicity, its absorption and subsequent redistribution throughout the body are inherently dependent on the accompanying lipids and/or proteins. The effective oral vitamin D3 formulation should ensure penetration of the mucus layer followed by internalization by competent cells. Isothermal titration calorimetry and computer simulations show that vitamin D3 molecules cannot leave the hydrophobic environment, indicating that their absorption is predominantly driven by the digestion of the delivery vehicle. In the clinical experiment, liposomal vitamin D3 was compared to the oily formulation. The results obtained show that liposomal vitamin D3 causes a rapid increase in the plasma concentration of calcidiol. No such effect was observed when the oily formulation was used. The effect was especially pronounced for people with severe vitamin D3 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Dałek
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dominik Drabik
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Aleksander Foryś
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zabrze, Poland
| | | | | | - Magdalena Przybyło
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Witkiewicz
- Research and Development Centre, Specialized Hospital in Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Langner
- Laboratory for Biophysics of Macromolecular Aggregates, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland; Lipid Systems sp. z o.o., Wrocław, Poland
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6
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Malkawi AS, Haddad R, Malkawi A, Alrabadi N. Development of Fluorescently Labeled Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) for Prolonged Stability, In Vitro Sustained Release and Cellular Uptake. Pharm Nanotechnol 2022; 10:146-161. [PMID: 35289258 DOI: 10.2174/2211738510666220314103400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM In this study, four fluorescein hydrophobic ionic complexes were formed with the cationic polymers Eudragit RS, Eudragit RL, Eudragit E, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to provide fluorescein sustained release, sustained cellular uptake, and stability. METHODS Complexes were loaded in a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) composed of 40% Tween 80, 20% Kolliphor EL, 15% 2-n-Octyl-1-dodecanol, and 25% dipropylene glycol. SEDDS were investigated regarding their size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and cytotoxicity. Fluorescein release from SEDDS was performed in phosphate buffer (pH 6.8 and pH 8) and the released fluorescein was evaluated for cellular uptake. Moreover, fluorescein from all of the SEDDS pre-concentrates was released at different time points to check its long-term stability over six months. RESULTS The average fluorescein load in SEDDS was 0.045%. SEDDS showed an average droplet size of 24.9 ± 1.6 nm with PDI ≤ 0.3. SEDDS complexes diluted 1:100 increased the zeta potential from -7.3 mV to +3.7 mV and provided > 85% cell viability. An 92.27 ± 3.18% fluorescein exhibited a few seconds of immediate release when used as control or PEI complex in SEDDS. On the contrary, Eudragit-fluorescein complexes in SEDDS showed sustained release of 87.01 ± 5.22% fluorescein in ≤ 70 min with 22.19 ± 14.56% and 59.27 ± 16.57% released at 10 min in pH 6.8 and pH 8 release media, respectively. Comparatively, the medium at pH 6.8 maintained a significantly improved sustained fluorescein release (p ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, Eudragit RS/RL compared to Eudragit E significantly exhibited a slower fluorescein release rate from SEDDS (p ≤ 0.01). The cellular uptake of the released fluorescein was 72.4 ± 8.2% for all SEDDS complexes after 3 h. Eudragit complexes compared to PEI complex in SEDDS significantly showed more sustained fluorescein cellular uptake at 1 h and 2 h (p ≤ 0.001). However, SEDDS complexes showed the longest fluorescein stability with PEI after six months, whereas fluorescein stability for SEDDS containing fluorescein as Eudragit complex and control showed 39.1% and 82.5% fluorescence decrease, respectively after three months. CONCLUSION In the developed SEDDS, the presence of hydrophobic ionic complexes can significantly promote longer stability and sustained cellular uptake of fluorescein while releasing in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Saleh Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Queen Alya Airport Street 11622, Amman, Jordan
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Azhar Malkawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 182:114097. [PMID: 34999121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins is favoured from a patient and commercial point of view. In order to reach the systemic circulation after oral administration, these drugs have to overcome numerous barriers including the enzymatic, sulfhydryl, mucus and epithelial barrier. The development of oral formulations for therapeutic peptides and proteins is therefore necessary. Among the most promising formulation approaches are lipid-based nanocarriers such as oil-in-water nanoemulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), liposomes and micelles. As the lipophilic character of therapeutic peptides and proteins can be tremendously increased such as by the formation of hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) with hydrophobic counter ions, they can be incorporated in the lipophilic phase of these carriers. Since gastrointestinal (GI) peptidases as well as sulfhydryl compounds such as glutathione and dietary proteins are too hydrophilic to enter the lipophilic phase of these carriers, the incorporated therapeutic peptide or protein is protected towards enzymatic degradation as well as unintended thiol/disulfide exchange reactions. Stability of lipid-based nanocarriers towards lipases can be provided by the use to excipients that are not or just poorly degraded by these enzymes. Nanocarriers with a size <200 nm and a mucoinert surface such as PEG or zwitterionic surfaces exhibit high mucus permeating properties. Having reached the underlying absorption membrane, lipid-based nanocarriers enable paracellular and lymphatic drug uptake, induce endocytosis and transcytosis or simply fuse with the cell membrane releasing their payload into the systemic circulation. Numerous in vivo studies provide evidence for the potential of these delivery systems. Within this review we provide an overview about the different barriers for oral peptide and protein delivery, highlight the progress made on lipid-based nanocarriers in order to overcome them and discuss strengths and weaknesses of these delivery systems in comparison to other technologies.
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Vinarov Z, Abrahamsson B, Artursson P, Batchelor H, Berben P, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Butler J, Ceulemans J, Davies N, Dupont D, Flaten GE, Fotaki N, Griffin BT, Jannin V, Keemink J, Kesisoglou F, Koziolek M, Kuentz M, Mackie A, Meléndez-Martínez AJ, McAllister M, Müllertz A, O'Driscoll CM, Parrott N, Paszkowska J, Pavek P, Porter CJH, Reppas C, Stillhart C, Sugano K, Toader E, Valentová K, Vertzoni M, De Wildt SN, Wilson CG, Augustijns P. Current challenges and future perspectives in oral absorption research: An opinion of the UNGAP network. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:289-331. [PMID: 33610694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although oral drug delivery is the preferred administration route and has been used for centuries, modern drug discovery and development pipelines challenge conventional formulation approaches and highlight the insufficient mechanistic understanding of processes critical to oral drug absorption. This review presents the opinion of UNGAP scientists on four key themes across the oral absorption landscape: (1) specific patient populations, (2) regional differences in the gastrointestinal tract, (3) advanced formulations and (4) food-drug interactions. The differences of oral absorption in pediatric and geriatric populations, the specific issues in colonic absorption, the formulation approaches for poorly water-soluble (small molecules) and poorly permeable (peptides, RNA etc.) drugs, as well as the vast realm of food effects, are some of the topics discussed in detail. The identified controversies and gaps in the current understanding of gastrointestinal absorption-related processes are used to create a roadmap for the future of oral drug absorption research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahari Vinarov
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bertil Abrahamsson
- Oral Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Berben
- Pharmaceutical Development, UCB Pharma SA, Braine- l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - James Butler
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Ware, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nigel Davies
- Advanced Drug Delivery, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin Kuentz
- Institute for Pharma Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alan Mackie
- School of Food Science & Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Petr Pavek
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | | | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Kiyohiko Sugano
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Elena Toader
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, Romania
| | - Kateřina Valentová
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Saskia N De Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Clive G Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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9
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Dizdarević A, Marić M, Shahzadi I, Ari Efiana N, Matuszczak B, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Imine bond formation as a tool for incorporation of amikacin in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 162:82-91. [PMID: 33737147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to develop a self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) for amikacin via imine bond formation with hydrophobic aldehydes. METHODS Trans-2, cis-6-nonadienal, trans-cinnamaldehyde, citral and benzaldehyde were conjugated to amikacin at pH 8.5. Based on results of precipitation efficiency, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and NMR analysis, amikacin-trans-cinnamaldehyde conjugates were further characterized regarding log Poctanol/water via HPLC. The release of amikacin from the amikacin-trans-cinnamaldehyde conjugates was examined through in vitro incubation with bovine serum albumin (BSA). SEDDS containing the amikacin-trans-cinnamaldehyde conjugates were tested regarding mean droplet size (MDS), polydispersity index (PDI), log DSEDDS/release medium and cell viability. RESULTS Trans-cinnamaldehyde formed the most hydrophobic conjugates with amikacin whereas benzaldehyde did not form hydrophobic conjugates at all. Imine bond formation was confirmed by FTIR and NMR analysis. The highest increase in log P was achieved for the amikacin-trans-cinnamaldehyde conjugate in a molar ratio of 1:5, shifting from -8.58 up to 1.59. Incubation of this conjugate with BSA led to the formation of BSA-trans-cinnamaldehyde releasing in turn amikacin. SEDDS based on Capmul MCM, Cremophor EL and propylene glycol containing the conjugate demonstrated a MDS of 61.4 nm and PDI of 0.265. Log DSEDDS/release medium was calculated to be 3.38. Cell viability studies showed very good tolerability of conjugate loaded SEDDS in concentrations of 0.1% - 0.5%. CONCLUSION Imine bond formation of amikacin with trans-cinnamaldehyde and the incorporation of the resulting conjugate into SEDDS represents a promising strategy for oral delivery of amikacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Dizdarević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melani Marić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nuri Ari Efiana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soepomo, S.H., Janturan, Warungboto, Umbulharjo, Yogyakarta 55164, Indonesia
| | - Barbara Matuszczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Institute of Pharmacy Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Leopold-Franzens University Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Apolinário AC, Hauschke L, Nunes JR, Lopes LB. Towards nanoformulations for skin delivery of poorly soluble API: What does indeed matter? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Delivery of ionizable hydrophilic drugs based on pharmaceutical formulation of ion pairs and ionic liquids. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:203-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Etezadi H, Maleki A, Friedl JD, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Storage stability of proteins in a liquid-based formulation: Liquid vs. solid self-emulsifying drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2020; 590:119918. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nazir I, Ghezzi M, Asim MH, Phan TNQ, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: About the fate of hydrophobic ion pairs on a phospholipid bilayer. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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