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Khadka P, Hejazi M, Hindle M, Schuman T, Longest W, Kaviratna A, Chopski S, Walenga R, Newman B, Golshahi L. Anatomically-detailed segmented representative adult and pediatric nasal models for assessing regional drug delivery and bioequivalence with suspension nasal sprays. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124743. [PMID: 39343330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
In vitro nasal models can potentially facilitate development and approval of nasal drug products. This study aims to evaluate the potential for using regional deposition measurements from in vitro nasal models to evaluate nasal spray performance across several products. To accomplish this, the posterior regions of six anatomically realistic nasal airway models of adult and pediatric subjects, representing Low (L), Mean (M) and High (H) posterior drug deposition (PD) for each of the two age groups, were segmented with high anatomical precision into five regions of interest. These models were previously developed with the goal of quantifying the range of intersubject variability of PD following administration of inhaled corticosteroids. The in vitro regional drug deposition values were measured for the reference listed drug (RLD) product for triamcinolone acetonide and two corresponding generic (test) nasal spray products, as well as an RLD product for fluticasone furoate nasal spray. In general, the pediatric models mostly demonstrated higher PD compared to the adult models. The majority (>85 %) of PD was confined to the front and the inferior meatus regions. Subsequent population bioequivalence (PBE) analyses of the regional nasal deposition suggested that the anatomical differences among subjects may impact the nasal spray performance across different nasal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Khadka
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Mohammad Hejazi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael Hindle
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Theodore Schuman
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Steven Chopski
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ross Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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2
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Chen J, Finlay WH, Vehring R, Martin AR. Characterizing regional drug delivery within the nasal airways. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:537-551. [PMID: 38568159 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2336494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The nose has been receiving increased attention as a route for drug delivery. As the site of deposition constitutes the first point of contact of the body with the drug, characterization of the regional deposition of intranasally delivered droplets or particles is paramount to formulation and device design of new products. AREAS COVERED This review article summarizes the recent literature on intranasal regional drug deposition evaluated in vivo, in vitro and in silico, with the aim of correlating parameters measured in vitro with formulation and device performance. We also highlight the relevance of regional deposition to two emerging applications: nose-to-brain drug delivery and intranasal vaccines. EXPERT OPINION As in vivo studies of deposition can be costly and time-consuming, researchers have often turned to predictive in vitro and in silico models. Variability in deposition is high due in part to individual differences in nasal geometry, and a complete predictive model of deposition based on spray characteristics remains elusive. Carefully selected or idealized geometries capturing population average deposition can be useful surrogates to in vivo measurements. Continued development of in vitro and in silico models may pave the way for development of less variable and more effective intranasal drug products.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chen
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Access to Advanced Health Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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3
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Yu P, Xue C, Boeckenstedt B, Olsen H, Jiang JJ. Effects of vocal fold adduction on the particle deposition in the glottis: A numerical analysis and in vitro assessment. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107537. [PMID: 37820560 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of inhalation therapy depends on the drug deposition in the human respiratory tract. This study investigates the effects of vocal fold adduction on the particle deposition in the glottis. METHODS A realistic mouth-throat (MT) geometry was built based on CT images of a healthy adult (MT-A). Mild (MT-B) and great (MT-C) vocal fold (VF) adduction were incorporated in the original model. Monodisperse particles range in size from 3 to 12 μm were simulated at inspiration flow rates of 15, 30 and 45 L per minute (LPM). The regional deposition of drug aerosols was performed in 3D-printed models and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Both the numerical analysis and in vitro experiments show that most particles are deposited in the mouth, pharynx and supraglottis, while few are deposited in the glottis and subglottis. For most cases in MT-A, the particle quantity in glottis is lower than 0.02 N/mm2 at 15 and 30 LPM while they increase dramatically at 45 LPM. It peaked at 0.347 N/mm2 for 5-μm particles at 45 LPM in MT-B and 2.324 N/mm2 for 6-μm particles at 30 LPM in MT-C. The lowest drug mass faction in the glottis in vitro were found at 15 LPM for MT-A and MT-C, and at 30 LPM for MT-B, whereas it peaked at 45 LPM for all MT models, 0.71% in MT-A, 1.16% in MT-B, and 2.53% in MT-C, respectively. CONCLUSION Based on the results of this study, larger particles are more likely to be deposited in the oral cavity, oropharynx, and supraglottis than in the glottis. However, particle deposition in the glottis generally increases with VF adduction and greater inspiratory flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Yu
- Department of Otolaryngology, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, EENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Bella Boeckenstedt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Halli Olsen
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jack J Jiang
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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4
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Doub WH, Suman JM, Copley M, Goodey AP, Hosseini S, Mitchell JP. Laboratory Performance Testing of Aqueous Nasal Inhalation Products for Droplet/Particle Size Distribution: an Assessment from the International Pharmaceutical Aerosol Consortium on Regulation and Science (IPAC-RS). AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:208. [PMID: 37817001 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02665-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although nasal inhalation products are becoming more and more important for the delivery of medicines, characterization of these products for quality control and assessment of bioequivalence is complicated. Most of the problems encountered are associated with the assessment of aerodynamic droplet/particle size distribution (APSD). The droplets produced by the various nasal devices are large, and for suspension products, individual droplets may contain multiple drug particles or none at all. Assessment of suspension products is further complicated by the presence of solid excipient particles. These complications make it imperative that the limitations of the instruments used for characterization as well as the underlying assumptions that govern the interpretation of data produced by these instruments are understood. In this paper, we describe various methodologies used to assess APSD for nasal inhalation products and discuss proper use, limitations, and new methodologies on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Doub
- OINDP In Vitro Analysis, 1430 Neffwold Ln, Kirkwood, Missouri, 63122, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Jolyon P Mitchell
- Jolyon Mitchell Inhaler Consulting Services Inc, 1154 St. Anthony Road, London, Ontario, N6H2R1, Canada
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Pina Costa C, Nižić Nodilo L, Silva R, Martins E, Zadravec D, Kalogjera L, Nuno Moreira J, Manuel Sousa Lobo J, Hafner A, Catarina Silva A. In situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nose-to-brain delivery: development, characterization and deposition studies in a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123345. [PMID: 37619806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The nasal route has been investigated as a promising alternative for drug delivery to the central nervous system, avoiding passage through the blood-brain barrier and improving bioavailability. In this sense, it is necessary to develop and test the effectiveness of new formulations proposed for the management of neurological disorders. Thereby, the aim of this work was to develop and characterize an ion sensitive in situ hydrogel containing diazepam-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (DZP-NLC) for nasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy. Physical characterization of the developed formulations was performed and included the evaluation of rheological features, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential (ZP) of an in situ hydrogel containing DZP-NLC. Afterwards, in vitro drug release, in vitro mucoadhesion and biocompatibility studies with RPMI 2650 nasal cells were performed. The in situ hydrogel containing DZP-NLC was aerosolized with a nasal spray device specifically designed for nose-to-brain delivery (VP7 multidose spray pump with a 232 N2B actuator) and characterized for droplet size distribution and spray cone angle. Finally, the deposition pattern of this hydrogel was evaluated in a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model. The developed in situ hydrogel containing DZP-NLC presented adequate characteristics for nasal administration, including good gelling ability, mucoadhesiveness and prolonged drug release. In addition, after inclusion in the hydrogel net, the particle size (81.79 ± 0.53 nm), PDI (0.21 ± 0.10) and ZP (-30.90 ± 0.10 mV), of the DZP-NLC remained appropriate for nose-to-brain delivery. Upon aerosolization in a nasal spray device, a suitable spray cone angle (22.5 ± 0.2°) and adequate droplet size distribution (Dv (90) of 317.77 ± 44.12 µm) were observed. Biocompatibility studies have shown that the developed formulation is safe towards RPMI 2650 cells in concentrations up to 100 μg/mL. Deposition studies on a 3D-printed human nasal cavity model revealed that the best nasal deposition profile was obtained upon formulation administration without airflow and at an angle from horizontal plane of 75°, resulting in 47% of administered dose deposited in the olfactory region and 89% recovery. The results of this study suggested that the intranasal administration of the developed in situ hydrogel containing DZP-NLC could be a promising alternative to the conventional treatments for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Pina Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Laura Nižić Nodilo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Renata Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eva Martins
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Dijana Zadravec
- Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livije Kalogjera
- Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Faculty of Medicine (Pólo I), University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra - University of Coimbra, CIBB, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Sousa Lobo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; FP-I3ID (Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento), FP-BHS (Biomedical and Health Sciences Research Unit), Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249 004 Porto, Portugal.
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Liu R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Huang Y, Gao J, Tian X, Ma T, Zhang T. Anti-inflammatory effect of dictamnine on allergic rhinitis via suppression of the LYN kinase-mediated molecular signaling pathway during mast cell activation. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4236-4250. [PMID: 37329155 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are important therapeutic targets for allergic diseases. High-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) Fc receptors (FcεRI) trigger abnormal activation of MCs. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an IgE-mediated antigen inhalation reaction that occurs in the nasal mucosa. MC aggravation and dysfunction were observed during the early stages of AR pathogenesis. Herb-derived dictamnine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we investigated the pharmacological effects of herb-derived dictamnine on IgE-induced activation of MCs and an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced murine AR model. The results indicated that dictamnine attenuated OVA-induced local allergic reactions and reduced body temperature in OVA-challenged mice with active systemic anaphylaxis. Additionally, dictamnine decreased the frequency of nasal rubbing and sneezing in an OVA-induced murine AR model. Moreover, dictamnine inhibited FcεRI-activated MC activation in a dose-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity, reduced the activation of the tyrosine kinase LYN in LAD2 cells, and downregulated the phosphorylation of PLCγ1, IP3R, PKC, Erk1/2, and Akt, which are downstream of LYN. In conclusion, dictamnine suppressed the OVA-stimulated murine model of AR and activated IgE-induced MCs via the LYN kinase-mediated molecular signaling pathway, suggesting that dictamnine may be a promising treatment for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yihan Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiapan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianyou Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Barrio-Perotti R, Martín-Fernández N, Vigil-Díaz C, Walters K, Fernández-Tena A. Predicting particle deposition using a simplified 8-path in silico human lung prototype. J Breath Res 2023; 17:046002. [PMID: 37437567 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ace6c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding particle deposition in the human lung is crucial for the assessment of environmental pollutants and the design of new drug delivery systems. Traditionally, research has been carried out by experimental analysis, but this generally requires expensive equipment and exposure of volunteers to radiation, resulting in limited data. To overcome these drawbacks, there is an emphasis on the development of numerical models capable of accurate predictive analysis. The most advanced of these computer simulations are based on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics. Solving the flow equations in a complete, fully resolved lung airway model is currently not feasible due to the computational resources required. In the present work, a simplified lung model is presented and validated for accurate prediction of particle deposition. Simulations are performed for an 8-path approximation to a full lung airway model. A novel boundary condition method is used to ensure accurate results in truncated flow branches. Simulations are performed at a steady inhalation flow rate of 18 l min-1, corresponding to a low activity breathing rate, while the effects of particle size and density are investigated. Comparison of the simulation results with available experimental data shows that reasonably accurate results can be obtained at a small fraction of the cost of a full airway model. The simulations clearly evaluate the effect of both particle size and particle density. Most importantly, the results show an improvement over a previously documented single-path model, both in terms of accuracy and the ability to obtain regional deposition rates. The present model represents an improvement over previously used simplified models, including single-path models. The multi-path reduced airway approach described can be used by researchers for general and patient-specific analyses of particle deposition and for the design of effective drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Barrio-Perotti
- Departamento de Energía, Universidad de Oviedo, and GRUBIPU-ISPA, Gijón, Spain
| | | | - C Vigil-Díaz
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, and GRUBIPU-ISPA, Oviedo, Spain
| | - K Walters
- College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - A Fernández-Tena
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Nacional de Silicosis, and GRUBIPU-ISPA, Gijón, Spain
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8
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Perkušić M, Nižić Nodilo L, Ugrina I, Špoljarić D, Jakobušić Brala C, Pepić I, Lovrić J, Safundžić Kučuk M, Trenkel M, Scherließ R, Zadravec D, Kalogjera L, Hafner A. Chitosan-Based Thermogelling System for Nose-to-Brain Donepezil Delivery: Optimising Formulation Properties and Nasal Deposition Profile. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1660. [PMID: 37376108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Donepezil nasal delivery strategies are being continuously investigated for advancing therapy in Alzheimer's disease. The aim of this study was to develop a chitosan-based, donepezil-loaded thermogelling formulation tailored to meet all the requirements for efficient nose-to-brain delivery. A statistical design of the experiments was implemented for the optimisation of the formulation and/or administration parameters, with regard to formulation viscosity, gelling and spray properties, as well as its targeted nasal deposition within the 3D-printed nasal cavity model. The optimised formulation was further characterised in terms of stability, in vitro release, in vitro biocompatibility and permeability (using Calu-3 cells), ex vivo mucoadhesion (using porcine nasal mucosa), and in vivo irritability (using slug mucosal irritation assay). The applied research design resulted in the development of a sprayable donepezil delivery platform characterised by instant gelation at 34 °C and olfactory deposition reaching a remarkably high 71.8% of the applied dose. The optimised formulation showed prolonged drug release (t1/2 about 90 min), mucoadhesive behaviour, and reversible permeation enhancement, with a 20-fold increase in adhesion and a 1.5-fold increase in the apparent permeability coefficient in relation to the corresponding donepezil solution. The slug mucosal irritation assay demonstrated an acceptable irritability profile, indicating its potential for safe nasal delivery. It can be concluded that the developed thermogelling formulation showed great promise as an efficient donepezil brain-targeted delivery system. Furthermore, the formulation is worth investigating in vivo for final feasibility confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Perkušić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Laura Nižić Nodilo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Cvijeta Jakobušić Brala
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pepić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Lovrić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Marie Trenkel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Priority Research Area Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Sciences (KiNSIS), Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dijana Zadravec
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livije Kalogjera
- ORL/HNS Department, University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb School of Medicine, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anita Hafner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Zagreb Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Yu YS, AboulFotouh K, Xu H, Williams G, Suman J, Cano C, Warnken ZN, C-W Wu K, Williams Iii RO, Cui Z. Feasibility of intranasal delivery of thin-film freeze-dried, mucoadhesive vaccine powders. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122990. [PMID: 37127138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intranasal vaccination by directly applying a vaccine dry powder is appealing. However, a method that can be used to transform a vaccine from a liquid to a dry powder and a device that can be used to administer the powder to the desired region(s) of the nasal cavity are critical for successful intranasal vaccination. In the present study, using a model vaccine that contains liposomal monophosphoryl lipid A and QS-21 adjuvant (AdjLMQ) and ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen, it was shown that thin-film freeze-drying can be applied to convert the liquid vaccine containing sucrose at a sucrose to lipid ratio of 15:1 (w/w) into dry powders, in the presence or absence of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) as a mucoadhesive agent. Ultimately, the thin-film freeze-dried AdjLMQ/OVA vaccine powder containing 1.9% (w/w) of CMC (i.e., TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% powder) was selected for additional evaluation because the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% powder was mucoadhesive and maintained the integrity of the antigen and the physical properties of the vaccine. Compared to the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA powder that did not contain CMC, the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% powder had a lower moisture content and a higher glass transition temperature. In addition, the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% thin films were relatively thicker than the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA thin films without CMC. When sprayed with Aptar Pharma's Unidose Powder Nasal Spray System (UDSP), the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA powder and the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% powder generated similar particle size distribution curves, spray patterns, and plume geometries. Importantly, after the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% powder was sprayed with the UDSP nasal device, the integrity of the OVA antigen and the AdjLMQ liposomes did not change. Finally, a Taguchi L4 orthogonal array was applied to identify the optimal parameters for using the UDSP device to deliver the TFF AdjLMQ/OVA/CMC1.9% vaccine powder to the middle and lower turbinate and the nasopharynx regions in both adult and child nasal replica casts. Results from this study showed that it is feasible to apply the TFF technology to transform a nasal vaccine candidate from liquid to a dry powder and then use the UDSP nasal device to deliver the TFF vaccine powder to the desired regions in the nasal cavity for intranasal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Sheng Yu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, United States; National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khaled AboulFotouh
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Haiyue Xu
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, United States
| | | | | | - Chris Cano
- TFF Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | | | - Kevin C-W Wu
- National Taiwan University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan; National Health Research Institute, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Robert O Williams Iii
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- The University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, Texas, United States.
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Kesavan JS, Kuypers K, Sommerville DR, Sedberry K, Laube BL. Effect of Age and Head Position on Total and Regional Aerosol Deposition in Three-Dimensional Models of Human Intranasal Airways Using a Mucosal Atomization Device. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2023. [PMID: 37062763 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2022.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study examined the effect of age and head position on total and regional deposition of aerosol delivered by a mucosal atomization device (MAD™) in three-dimensional (3D) models of the intranasal airways of an 18-, 5-, and 2-year-old human. Models consisted of four pieces: anterior nose and nasal cavity that was divided horizontally into upper, middle, and lower thirds. Methods: Models were tested six times at supine, supine with head backward at 45° (supine45), and sitting with head backward at 45° (sitting45). The MAD delivered saline/fluorescein aerosol into model nostrils, during static airflow. Model pieces were tested for fluorescence using a fluorometer, and deposition calculated as percent fluorescence per piece relative to its reference. Total deposition (four pieces combined) and regional deposition (four pieces separately) were calculated. Results: Age and head position had little effect on total deposition. In contrast, deposition in the upper and middle third supine45 and in the lower third sitting45 was significantly different in the 2-year-old model, compared with the two older models. In addition, some head positions significantly increased deposition in the upper, middle, and lower thirds within each model, compared with other positions. Upper deposition was significantly greater at supine45, compared with sitting45 (18-year-old) and supine45, compared with supine and sitting45 (5-year-old). Middle deposition was significantly greater at supine and supine45, compared with sitting45 (2-year-old). Lower deposition was significantly greater at sitting45, compared with supine45 (18-year-old); supine and sitting45, compared with supine45 (5-year-old); and sitting45, compared with supine45 and supine (2-year-old). Conclusions: Age and head position significantly affected regional deposition of aerosol delivered by the MAD in these 3D models. Such models might be used to study other methods for targeting intranasal regions with aerosolized medications in children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana S Kesavan
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristina Kuypers
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas R Sommerville
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Beth L Laube
- Department of Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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In Vitro Regional Deposition of Nasal Sprays in an Idealized Nasal Inlet: Comparison with In Vivo Gamma Scintigraphy. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3021-3028. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03388-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Murphy BM, Chen JZ, Rolo M, Eldam M, Jordan L, Sivananthan SJ, Kinsey R, Guderian JA, Pedersen K, Abhyankar M, Petri WA, Fox CB, Finlay WH, Vehring R, Martin AR. Intranasal delivery of a synthetic Entamoeba histolytica vaccine containing adjuvant (LecA + GLA-3M-052 liposomes): in vitro characterization. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122141. [PMID: 36058408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amebiasis, a disease caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is estimated to cause millions of infections and at least 55,000 deaths globally each year. With no vaccine currently available, there is an urgent need for an accessible means of stimulating protective mucosal immunity. The objective of this study was to characterize the nasal spray of a novel amebiasis vaccine candidate from a syringe-based liquid atomization device, the Teleflex MAD Nasal™, in both adult and infant nasal airways. Human ergonomic testing was completed to determine realistic actuation parameters. Spray pattern, plume geometry, and droplet size distribution were measured to evaluate reproducibility of free plume characteristics. The Alberta Idealized Nasal Inlet (AINI) and three realistic infant nasal airways were used to determine the in vitro deposition profile in adult and infant airways, respectively. Collectively, in vitro results demonstrated the feasibility of delivering the vaccine candidate to target sites within the nasal airways. Penetration through the nasal airways that could lead to deposition in the lungs was below the limit of quantification for both adult and infant geometries, indicating a low likelihood of adverse events due to lung exposure. These results support continued investigation of intranasal delivery of the synthetic Entamoeba histolytica vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn M Murphy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Z Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Lynn Jordan
- Proveris Scientific, Hudson, MA, United States
| | | | - Robert Kinsey
- Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | | | - Mayuresh Abhyankar
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - William A Petri
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Christopher B Fox
- Access to Advanced Health Institute (AAHI), Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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13
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Henriques P, Fortuna A, Doktorovová S. Spray dried powders for nasal delivery: Process and formulation considerations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 176:1-20. [PMID: 35568256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Powders for nasal delivery have been recognized as advantageous dosage forms over liquids due to increased stability and residence time on nasal mucosa, with improved bioavailability. They can be manufactured by spray-drying, allowing the optimization of the particle properties that are critical to guarantee nasal deposition, as size and shape. It is also a scalable and flexible method already explored extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. However, it is important to understand how process parameters, particle physical properties and formulation considerations affect the product performance. Hence, this review aims to provide an overview of nasal powder formulation and processing through spray drying, with an emphasis on the variables that impact on performance. To this purpose, we describe the physical, biological and pharmacological phenomena prior to drug absorption as well as the most relevant powder properties. Formulation considerations including qualitative and quantitative composition are then reviewed, as well as manufacturing considerations including spray drying relevant parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Henriques
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; R&D, Drug Product Development, Hovione FarmaCiencia SA, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, Coimbra, Portugal
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14
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Kolanjiyil AV, Alfaifi A, Aladwani G, Golshahi L, Longest W. Importance of Spray–Wall Interaction and Post-Deposition Liquid Motion in the Transport and Delivery of Pharmaceutical Nasal Sprays. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050956. [PMID: 35631539 PMCID: PMC9145669 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasal sprays, which produce relatively large pharmaceutical droplets and have high momentum, are primarily used to deliver locally acting drugs to the nasal mucosa. Depending on spray pump administration conditions and insertion angles, nasal sprays may interact with the nasal surface in ways that creates complex droplet–wall interactions followed by significant liquid motion after initial wall contact. Additionally, liquid motion can occur after deposition as the spray liquid moves in bulk along the nasal surface. It is difficult or impossible to capture these conditions with commonly used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of spray droplet transport that typically employ a deposit-on-touch boundary condition. Hence, an updated CFD framework with a new spray–wall interaction (SWI) model in tandem with a post-deposition liquid motion (PDLM) model was developed and applied to evaluate nasal spray delivery for Flonase and Flonase Sensimist products. For both nasal spray products, CFD revealed significant effects of the spray momentum on surface liquid motion, as well as motion of the surface film due to airflow generated shear stress and gravity. With Flonase, these factors substantially influenced the final resting place of the liquid. For Flonase Sensimist, anterior and posterior liquid movements were approximately balanced over time. As a result, comparisons with concurrent in vitro experimental results were substantially improved for Flonase compared with the traditional deposit-on-touch boundary condition. The new SWI-PDLM model highlights the dynamicenvironment that occurs when a nasal spray interacts with a nasal wall surface and can be used to better understand the delivery of current nasal spray products as well as to develop new nasal drug delivery strategies with improved regional targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V. Kolanjiyil
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ali Alfaifi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Ghali Aladwani
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Laleh Golshahi
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
| | - Worth Longest
- Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (A.V.K.); (A.A.); (G.A.); (L.G.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Nižić Nodilo L, Perkušić M, Ugrina I, Špoljarić D, Jakobušić Brala C, Amidžić Klarić D, Lovrić J, Saršon V, Safundžić Kučuk M, Zadravec D, Kalogjera L, Pepić I, Hafner A. In situ gelling nanosuspension as an advanced platform for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 175:27-42. [PMID: 35489667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we present the development of in situ gelling nanosuspension as advanced form for fluticasone propionate nasal delivery. Drug nanocrystals were prepared by wet milling technique. Incorporation of drug nanocrystals into polymeric in situ gelling system with pectin and sodium hyaluronate as constitutive polymers was fine-tuned attaining appropriate formulation surface tension, viscosity and gelling ability. Drug nanonisation improved the release profile and enhanced formulation mucoadhesive properties. QbD approach combining formulation and administration parameters resulted in optimised nasal deposition profile, with 51.8% of the dose deposited in the middle meatus, the critical region in the treatment of rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis. Results obtained in biocompatibility and physico-chemical stability studies confirmed the leading formulation potential for safe and efficient nasal corticosteroid delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Nižić Nodilo
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Perkušić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivo Ugrina
- University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
| | | | | | | | - Jasmina Lovrić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vesna Saršon
- Jadran-galenski laboratorij d.d, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Dijana Zadravec
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Livije Kalogjera
- ENT Department, Zagreb School of Medicine; University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pepić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Anita Hafner
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Zagreb, Croatia.
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16
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Cunha S, Swedrowska M, Bellahnid Y, Xu Z, Sousa Lobo J, Forbes B, Silva A. Thermosensitive in situ hydrogels of rivastigmine-loaded lipid-based nanosystems for nose-to-brain delivery: characterisation, biocompatibility, and drug deposition studies. Int J Pharm 2022; 620:121720. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Farnoud A, Tofighian H, Baumann I, Martin AR, Rashidi MM, Menden MP, Schmid O. Pulsatile Bi-Directional Aerosol Flow Affects Aerosol Delivery to the Intranasal Olfactory Region: A Patient-Specific Computational Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:746420. [PMID: 34887754 PMCID: PMC8650014 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.746420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal olfactory region is a potential route for non-invasive delivery of drugs directly from the nasal epithelium to the brain, bypassing the often impermeable blood-brain barrier. However, efficient aerosol delivery to the olfactory region is challenging due to its location in the nose. Here we explore aerosol delivery with bi-directional pulsatile flow conditions for targeted drug delivery to the olfactory region using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model on the patient-specific nasal geometry. Aerosols with aerodynamic diameter of 1 µm, which is large enough for delivery of large enough drug doses and yet potentially small enough for non-inertial aerosol deposition due to, e.g., particle diffusion and flow oscillations, is inhaled for 1.98 s through one nostril and exhaled through the other one. The bi-directional aerosol delivery with steady flow rate of 4 L/min results in deposition efficiencies (DEs) of 50.9 and 0.48% in the nasal cavity and olfactory region, respectively. Pulsatile flow with average flow rate of 4 L/min (frequency: 45 Hz) reduces these values to 34.4 and 0.12%, respectively, and it mitigates the non-uniformity of right-left deposition in both the cavity (from 1.77- to 1.33-fold) and the olfactory region (from 624- to 53.2-fold). The average drug dose deposited in the nasal cavity and the olfactory epithelium region is very similar in the right nasal cavity independent of pulsation conditions (inhalation side). In contrast, the local aerosol dose in the olfactory region of the left side is at least 100-fold lower than that in the nasal cavity independent of pulsation condition. Hence, while pulsatile flow reduces the right-left (inhalation-exhalation) imbalance, it is not able to overcome it. However, the inhalation side (even with pulsation) allows for relatively high olfactory epithelium drug doses per area reaching the same level as in the total nasal cavity. Due to the relatively low drug deposition in olfactory region on the exhalation side, this allows either very efficient targeting of the inhalation side, or uniform drug delivery by performing bidirectional flow first from the one and then from the other side of the nose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Farnoud
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hesam Tofighian
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ingo Baumann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Center of Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammad M Rashidi
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronics and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Micheal P Menden
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Germany
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
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18
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Deruyver L, Rigaut C, Lambert P, Haut B, Goole J. The importance of pre-formulation studies and of 3D-printed nasal casts in the success of a pharmaceutical product intended for nose-to-brain delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113826. [PMID: 34119575 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to cement three hot topics in drug delivery: (a) the pre-formulation of new products intended for nose-to-brain delivery; (b) the development of nasal casts for studying the efficacy of potential new nose-to-brain delivery systems at the early of their development (pre-formulation); (c) the use of 3D printing based on a wide variety of materials (transparent, biocompatible, flexible) providing an unprecedented fabrication tool towards personalized medicine by printing nasal cast on-demand based on CT scans of patients. This review intends to show the links between these three subjects. Indeed, the pathway selected to administrate the drug to the brain not only influence the formulation strategies to implement but also the design of the cast, to get the most convincing measures from it. Moreover, the design of the cast himself influences the choice of the 3D-printing technology, which, in its turn, bring more constraints to the nasal replica design. Consequently, the formulation of the drug, the cast preparation and its realisation should be thought of as a whole and not separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Deruyver
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Clément Rigaut
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lambert
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoît Haut
- TIPs (Transfers, Interfaces and Processes), Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et de Biopharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
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19
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In Vitro Evaluation of Nasal Aerosol Depositions: An Insight for Direct Nose to Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071079. [PMID: 34371770 PMCID: PMC8309016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is an attractive route for both local and systemic drug delivery and holds great potential for access to the brain via the olfactory region, an area where the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is effectively absent. However, the olfactory region is located at the roof of the nasal cavity and only represents ~5–7% of the epithelial surface area, presenting significant challenges for the deposition of drug molecules for nose to brain drug delivery (NTBDD). Aerosolized particles have the potential to be directed to the olfactory region, but their specific deposition within this area is confounded by a complex combination of factors, which include the properties of the formulation, the delivery device and how it is used, and differences in inter-patient physiology. In this review, an in-depth examination of these different factors is provided in relation to both in vitro and in vivo studies and how advances in the fabrication of nasal cast models and analysis of aerosol deposition can be utilized to predict in vivo outcomes more accurately. The challenges faced in assessing the nasal deposition of aerosolized particles within the paediatric population are specifically considered, representing an unmet need for nasal and NTBDD to treat CNS disorders.
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20
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Flow Structure and Particle Deposition Analyses for Optimization of a Pressurized Metered Dose Inhaler (pMDI) in a Model of Tracheobronchial Airway. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 164:105911. [PMID: 34129919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation therapy plays an important role in management or treatment of respiratory diseases such asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPDs). For decades, pressurized metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) have been the most popular and prescribed drug delivery devices for inhalation therapy. The main objectives of the present computational work are to study flow structure inside a pMDI, as well as transport and deposition of micron-sized particles in a model of human tracheobronchial airways and their dependence on inhalation air flow rate and characteristic pMDI parameters. The upper airway geometry, which includes the extrathoracic region, trachea, and bronchial airways up to the fourth generation in some branches, was constructed based on computed tomography (CT) images of an adult healthy female. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was employed using the k-ω model with low-Reynolds number (LRN) corrections to accomplish the objectives. The deposition results of the present study were verified with the in vitro deposition data of our previous investigation on pulmonary drug delivery using a hollow replica of the same airway geometry as used for CFD modeling. It was found that the flow structure inside the pMDI and extrathoracic region strongly depends on inhalation flow rate and geometry of the inhaler. In addition, regional aerosol deposition patterns were investigated at four inhalation flow rates between 30 and 120 L/min and for 60 L/min yielding highest deposition fractions of 24.4% and 3.1% for the extrathoracic region (EX) and the trachea, respectively. It was also revealed that particle deposition was larger in the right branches of the bronchial airways (right lung) than the left branches (left lung) for all of the considered cases. Also, optimization of spray characteristics showed that the optimum values for initial spray velocity, spray cone angle and spray duration were 100 m/s, 10° and 0.1 sec, respectively. Moreover, spray cone angle, more than any other of the investigated pMDI parameters can change the deposition pattern of inhaled particles in the airway model. In conclusion, the present investigation provides a validated CFD model for particle deposition and new insights into the relevance of flow structure for deposition of pMDI-emitted pharmaceutical aerosols in the upper respiratory tract.
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21
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In vitro - in vivo correlation of intranasal drug deposition. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 170:340-352. [PMID: 32918968 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro - in vivo correlation (IVIVC) allows prediction of in vivo drug deposition from a nasally inhaled drug based on in vitro drug measurements. In vitro measurements include physical particle characterization and, more recently, deposition studies using anatomical models. Currently, there is a lack of IVIVC for deposition measurements in anatomical models, especially for deposition patterns in various nasal cavity regions. Therefore, improvement of in vitro and in vivo measurement methods and knowledge about nasal deposition mechanisms should help IVIVC in the future.
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