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Mehrotra S, Kalyan BG P, Nayak PG, Joseph A, Manikkath J. Recent Progress in the Oral Delivery of Therapeutic Peptides and Proteins: Overview of Pharmaceutical Strategies to Overcome Absorption Hurdles. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:11-33. [PMID: 38585454 PMCID: PMC10997937 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Proteins and peptides have secured a place as excellent therapeutic moieties on account of their high selectivity and efficacy. However due to oral absorption limitations, current formulations are mostly delivered parenterally. Oral delivery of peptides and proteins (PPs) can be considered the need of the hour due to the immense benefits of this route. This review aims to critically examine and summarize the innovations and mechanisms involved in oral delivery of peptide and protein drugs. Methods Comprehensive literature search was undertaken, spanning the early development to the current state of the art, using online search tools (PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Scopus). Results Research in oral delivery of proteins and peptides has a rich history and the development of biologics has encouraged additional research effort in recent decades. Enzyme hydrolysis and inadequate permeation into intestinal mucosa are the major causes that result in limited oral absorption of biologics. Pharmaceutical and technological strategies including use of absorption enhancers, enzyme inhibition, chemical modification (PEGylation, pro-drug approach, peptidomimetics, glycosylation), particulate delivery (polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, microspheres), site-specific delivery in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), membrane transporters, novel approaches (self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems, Eligen technology, Peptelligence, self-assembling bubble carrier approach, luminal unfolding microneedle injector, microneedles) and lymphatic targeting, are discussed. Limitations of these strategies and possible innovations for improving oral bioavailability of protein and peptide drugs are discussed. Conclusion This review underlines the application of oral route for peptide and protein delivery, which can direct the formulation scientist for better exploitation of this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Mehrotra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pavan Kalyan BG
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Pawan Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology,Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | | | - Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
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2
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Malta R, Marques AC, da Costa PC, Amaral MH. Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogels for Protein Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:802. [PMID: 37888375 PMCID: PMC10606693 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins and peptides are potential therapeutic agents, but their physiochemical properties make their use as drug substances challenging. Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymeric networks that can swell and retain high amounts of water or biological fluids without being dissolved. Due to their biocompatibility, their porous structure, which enables the transport of various peptides and proteins, and their protective effect against degradation, hydrogels have gained prominence as ideal carriers for these molecules' delivery. Particularly, stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit physicochemical transitions in response to subtle modifications in the surrounding environment, leading to the controlled release of entrapped proteins or peptides. This review is focused on the application of these hydrogels in protein and peptide delivery, including a brief overview of therapeutic proteins and types of stimuli-responsive polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Malta
- CeNTI—Centre for Nanotechnology and Smart Materials, Rua Fernando Mesquita, 2785, 4760-034 Vila Nova de Famalicão, Portugal;
| | - Ana Camila Marques
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Cardoso da Costa
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Amaral
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Iriarte-Mesa C, Jobst M, Bergen J, Kiss E, Ryoo R, Kim JC, Crudo F, Marko D, Kleitz F, Del Favero G. Morphology-Dependent Interaction of Silica Nanoparticles with Intestinal Cells: Connecting Shape to Barrier Function. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7758-7766. [PMID: 37433061 PMCID: PMC10450799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal compartment ensures nutrient absorption and barrier function against pathogens. Despite decades of research on the complexity of the gut, the adaptive potential to physical cues, such as those derived from interaction with particles of different shapes, remains less understood. Taking advantage of the technological versatility of silica nanoparticles, spherical, rod-shaped, and virus-like materials were synthesized. Morphology-dependent interactions were studied on differentiated Caco-2/HT29-MTX-E12 cells. Contributions of shape, aspect ratio, surface roughness, and size were evaluated considering the influence of the mucus layer and intracellular uptake pathways. Small particle size and surface roughness favored the highest penetration through the mucus but limited interaction with the cell monolayer and efficient internalization. Particles of a larger aspect ratio (rod-shaped) seemed to privilege paracellular permeation and increased cell-cell distances, albeit without hampering barrier integrity. Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis and chemical modulation of cell junctions effectively tuned these responses, confirming morphology-specific interactions elicited by bioinspired silica nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Iriarte-Mesa
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry−Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Jobst
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Janice Bergen
- Vienna
Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Endre Kiss
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryong Ryoo
- Department
of Energy Engineering, Korea Institute of
Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chul Kim
- Center
for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesco Crudo
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Marko
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry−Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- Core
Facility Multimodal Imaging, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38-40, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Bajoria S, Antunez LR, Kumru OS, Klempner M, Wang Y, Cavacini LA, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Formulation Studies to Develop Low-Cost, Orally-Delivered Secretory IgA Monoclonal Antibodies for Passive Immunization Against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1832-1844. [PMID: 37040833 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a common cause for diarrheal infections in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). To date, no ETEC vaccine candidates have been approved. Passive immunization with low-cost, oral formulations of secretory IgA (sIgA) against ETEC is an alternative approach to protect high-risk populations in LMICs. Using a model sIgA monoclonal antibody (anti-LT sIgA2-mAb), the stability profiles of different formulations were assessed during storage and in in vitro digestion models (mimicking in vivo oral delivery). First, by employing various physicochemical techniques and a LT-antigen binding assay, three formulations with varying acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) were evaluated to stabilize sIgA2-mAb during stress studies (freeze-thaw, agitation, elevated temperature) and during exposure to gastric phase digestion. Next, a low-volume, in vitro intestinal digestion model was developed to screen various additives to stabilize sIgA2-mAb in the intestinal phase. Finally, combinations of high ANC buffers and decoy proteins were assessed to collectively protect sIgA2-mAb during in vitro sequential (stomach to intestine) digestion. Based on the results, we demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost, 'single-vial', liquid formulations of sIgA-mAbs delivered orally after infant feeding for passive immunization, and we suggest future work based on a combination of in vitro and in vivo stability considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Lorena R Antunez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Ozan S Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Mark Klempner
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Lisa A Cavacini
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center (VAFC), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA.
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5
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Lisina S, Inam W, Huhtala M, Howaili F, Zhang H, Rosenholm JM. Nano Differential Scanning Fluorimetry as a Rapid Stability Assessment Tool in the Nanoformulation of Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051473. [PMID: 37242715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and production of innovative protein-based therapeutics is a complex and challenging avenue. External conditions such as buffers, solvents, pH, salts, polymers, surfactants, and nanoparticles may affect the stability and integrity of proteins during formulation. In this study, poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were used as a carrier for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). To protect the protein inside MSNs after loading, polymeric encapsulation with poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (NaPSS) was used to seal the pores. Nano differential scanning fluorimetry (NanoDSF) was used to assess protein thermal stability during the formulation process. The MSN-PEI carrier matrix or conditions used did not destabilize the protein during loading, but the coating polymer NaPSS was incompatible with the NanoDSF technique due to autofluorescence. Thus, another pH-responsive polymer, spermine-modified acetylated dextran (SpAcDEX), was applied as a second coating after NaPSS. It possessed low autofluorescence and was successfully evaluated with the NanoDSF method. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was used to determine protein integrity in the case of interfering polymers such as NaPSS. Despite this limitation, NanoDSF was found to be a feasible and rapid tool to monitor protein stability during all steps needed to create a viable nanocarrier system for protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Lisina
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Wali Inam
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikko Huhtala
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biochemistry, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Fadak Howaili
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20500 Turku, Finland
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6
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Zhai K, Gong Y, Sun L, He L, Xue Z, Yang Y, Fang M, Zhang J. DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein of Helicobacter pylori as a potential immunodominant antigen for infection detection. Helicobacter 2023; 28:e12955. [PMID: 36775815 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Application of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, HP) has gained much interest in recent years. Comparing with for treatment, IgY may be more advantageous when used for H. pylori detection. METHODS Nine strains of H. pylori with different genetic backgrounds were inactivated and used to immunize hens, respectively, for the preparation of polyclonal anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin Y (anti-HP IgY). The proteins of H. pylori with reactivity to anti-HP IgY were detected by Western Blot. The five protein bands that can be well recognized by anti-HP IgY of each group, and were prevalent in all nine strains were excised from SDS-PAGE gel, digested and identified by Nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The potential of these identified proteins as antigen detection targets was then assessed by sequence analysis. RESULTS Anti-HP IgY derived from each group of specific strain immunized hens can recognize self-strain and non-self-strain antigens well. Five immunodominant antigens were identified as chaperonin GroEL, flagellin A, urease subunit alpha, peroxiredoxin and DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein. Sequences analysis showed that both peroxiredoxin and DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein were present in all 1000 strains of H. pylori queried, and the amino acid sequences were highly conserved. The highest sequence consistency between the DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein of H. pylori and non-Helicobacter organisms was 52.59%, and the consistent sites were scattered and there was no continuous long fragment consensus sequence. CONCLUSION DNA starvation/stationary phase protection protein was identified as an immunodominant antigen of H. pylori and sequence analysis indicated that it could serve as a potential antigen target for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lihua He
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhijing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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7
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Wibel R, Jörgensen AM, Laffleur F, Spleis H, Claus V, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Oral delivery of calcitonin-ion pairs: In vivo proof of concept for a highly lipophilic counterion. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122476. [PMID: 36528188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic ion pairing and subsequent incorporation into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) is a promising strategy to orally deliver hydrophilic macromolecular drugs. Within this study, hydrophobic ion pairs (HIP) between salmon calcitonin (sCT) and highly lipophilic sulfosuccinate counterions were formed and compared to frequently applied commercially available counterions. Bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate resulted in HIPs of the highest lipophilicity and in significantly higher solubility in lipophilic co-solvents. Thus, bis(isotridecyl) sulfosuccinate allowed efficient solubilization of sCT in a SEDDS preconcentrate based on a lipophilic co-solvent and an indigestible lipid, but omitting hydrophilic co-solvents. In addition to the increased solubility in the lipidic matrix, markedly reduced dissociation in biorelevant media resulted in high distribution coefficients between oil droplet and FaSSGF or FaSSIF (logD) of 2.98 ± 0.12 or 2.77 ± 0.14, respectively. The composition of the lipidic matrix preserved integrity of the oil droplets after emulsification and subsequent lipolysis, allowing to fully exploit the potential of the HIP attributed to the high logD. Oral administration of the HIP-loaded SEDDS resulted in an excellent relative pharmacological activity of 13.8 ± 5.6 % measured as hypocalcaemic effect in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wibel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Flavia Laffleur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Helen Spleis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Victor Claus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Thiomatrix Forschungs-und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse, 65, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Innsbruck, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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8
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Designing antibodies as therapeutics. Cell 2022; 185:2789-2805. [PMID: 35868279 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Antibody therapeutics are a large and rapidly expanding drug class providing major health benefits. We provide a snapshot of current antibody therapeutics including their formats, common targets, therapeutic areas, and routes of administration. Our focus is on selected emerging directions in antibody design where progress may provide a broad benefit. These topics include enhancing antibodies for cancer, antibody delivery to organs such as the brain, gastrointestinal tract, and lungs, plus antibody developability challenges including immunogenicity risk assessment and mitigation and subcutaneous delivery. Machine learning has the potential, albeit as yet largely unrealized, for a transformative future impact on antibody discovery and engineering.
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Ryu S, Jin M, Lee HK, Wang MH, Baek JS, Cho CW. Effects of lipid nanoparticles on physicochemical properties, cellular uptake, and lymphatic uptake of 6-methoxflavone. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Roberts BC, Rini C, Klug R, Sherman DB, Morel D, Pettis RJ. Novel cannula design improves large volume auto-injection rates for high viscosity solutions. Drug Deliv 2021; 29:43-51. [PMID: 34962225 PMCID: PMC8725910 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.2018069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A prototype reusable large-volume (2 mL) autoinjector (LVAI) was designed to compare injection performance of a novel 27 gauge ultra-thin wall (UTW) pre-filled syringe (PFS) cannula (8 mm external cannula length, 14.4 mm total needle length) against an existing 27 gauge special thin wall (STW) PFS cannula (12.7 mm external cannula length, 19 mm total needle length) across a range of injectate viscosities (2.3–30 cP) in a series of in vivo feasibility studies in swine. The UTW cannula had an approximately 30% greater cross-sectional lumen area than the STW cannula. The target exposed needle length was adjusted to ensure appropriate needle penetration depth and achieve injectate deposition in the subcutaneous (SC) tissue. Delivery time and volume, injection site leakage, injectate depot location, and local tissue effects were examined. The STW and UTW cannulae both provided effective SC delivery of contrast placebo solutions, and were able to accommodate injectate viscosity up to 30 cP without quantifiable leakage from the tissue and with minor tissue effects which resolved within 1–2 hours. Delivery times at each viscosity were significantly different between PFS types with the UTW PFS producing faster delivery times. In a histological substudy of the UTW cannula using injectate viscosities up to 50 cP, injection site reactions were rare and, when present, were of minimal severity. This series of studies demonstrates the feasibility of LVAI SC injection and informs autoinjector and PFS design considerations. Use of a UTW cannula may enable more rapid LVAI injections with minimal tissue effects, especially for higher viscosity formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce C Roberts
- Translational and Clinical Sciences Center of Excellence, BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Rini
- Translational and Clinical Sciences Center of Excellence, BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rick Klug
- Translational and Clinical Sciences Center of Excellence, BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Douglas B Sherman
- Translational and Clinical Sciences Center of Excellence, BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Ronald J Pettis
- Translational and Clinical Sciences Center of Excellence, BD Technologies and Innovation, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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11
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Yuan Y, He N, Dong L, Guo Q, Zhang X, Li B, Li L. Multiscale Shellac-Based Delivery Systems: From Macro- to Nanoscale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:18794-18821. [PMID: 34806863 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delivery systems play a crucial role in enhancing the activity of active substances; however, they require complex processing techniques and raw material design to achieve the desired properties. In this regard, raw materials that can be easily processed for different delivery systems are garnering attention. Among these raw materials, shellac, which is the only pharmaceutically used resin of animal origin, has been widely used in the development of various delivery systems owing to its pH responsiveness, biocompatibility, and degradability. Notably, shellac performs better on encapsulating hydrophobic active substances than other natural polymers, such as polysaccharides and proteins. In addition, specially designed shellac-based delivery systems can also be used for the codelivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic active substances. Shellac is most widely used for oral administration, as shellac-based delivery systems can form a compact structure through hydrophobic interaction, protecting transported active substances from the harsh environment of the stomach to achieve targeted delivery in the small intestine or colon. In this review, the advantages of shellac in delivery systems are discussed in detail. Multiscale shellac-based delivery systems from the macroscale to nanoscale are comprehensively introduced, including matrix tablets, films, enteric coatings, hydrogels, microcapsules, microparticles (beads/spheres), nanoparticles, and nanofibers. Furthermore, the hotspots, deficiencies, and future perspectives of shellac-based delivery system development are also analyzed. We hoped this review will increase the understanding of shellac-based delivery systems and inspire their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Ni He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Liya Dong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiyong Guo
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Engineering Research Center of Starch and Plant Protein Deep Processing, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
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12
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Wright L, Joyce P, Barnes TJ, Prestidge CA. Mimicking the Gastrointestinal Mucus Barrier: Laboratory-Based Approaches to Facilitate an Enhanced Understanding of Mucus Permeation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34784462 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucus layer plays a significant role in maintaining gut homeostasis and health, offering protective capacities against the absorption of harmful pathogens as well as commensal gut bacteria and buffering stomach acid to protect the underlying epithelium. Despite this, the mucus barrier is often overlooked during preclinical pharmaceutical development and may pose a significant absorption barrier to high molecular weight or lipophilic drug species. The complex chemical and physical nature of the dynamic mucus layer has proven problematic to reliably replicate in a laboratory setting, leading to the development of multiple mucus models with varying complexity and predictive capacity. This, coupled with the wide range of analysis methods available, has led to a plethora of possible approaches to quantifying mucus permeation; however, the field remains significantly under-represented in biomedical research. For this reason, the development of a concise collation of the available approaches to mucus permeation is essential. In this review, we explore widely utilized mucus mimics ranging in complexity from simple mucin solutions to native mucus preparations for their predictive capacity in mucus permeation analysis. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse range of laboratory-based models available for the analysis of mucus interaction and permeability with a specific focus on in vitro, ex vivo, and in situ models. Finally, we highlight the predictive capacity of these models in correlation with in vivo pharmacokinetic data. This review provides a comprehensive and critical overview of the available technologies to analyze mucus permeation, facilitating the efficient selection of appropriate tools for further advancement in oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wright
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, Bradley Building, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, North Terrace, University of South Australia, Adelaide, 5001, Australia
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13
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Zhang Z, Lu Y, Qi J, Wu W. An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2449-2468. [PMID: 34522594 PMCID: PMC8424224 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Orally administered drug entities have to survive the harsh gastrointestinal environment, penetrate the enteric epithelia and circumvent hepatic metabolism before reaching the systemic circulation. Whereas the gastrointestinal stability can be well maintained by taking proper measures, hepatic metabolism presents as a formidable barrier to drugs suffering from first-pass metabolism. The pharmaceutical academia and industries are seeking alternative pathways for drug transport to circumvent problems associated with the portal pathway. Intestinal lymphatic transport is emerging as a promising pathway to this end. In this review, we intend to provide an updated overview on the rationale, strategies, factors and applications involved in intestinal lymphatic transport. There are mainly two pathways for peroral lymphatic transport-the chylomicron and the microfold cell pathways. The underlying mechanisms are being unraveled gradually and nowadays witness increasing research input and applications.
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Key Words
- ACQ, aggregation-caused quenching
- ASRT, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter
- AUC, area under curve
- BCS, biopharmaceutics classification system
- CM, chylomicron
- Chylomicron
- DC, dendritic cell
- DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
- DTX, docetaxel
- Drug absorption
- Drug carriers
- Drug delivery
- FA, fatty acid
- FAE, follicle-associated epithelia
- FRET, Föster resonance energy transfer
- GIT, gastrointestinal tract
- HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDV, Leu-Asp-Val
- LDVp, LDV peptidomimetic
- Lymphatic transport
- M cell, microfold cells
- MG, monoglyceride
- MPA, mycophenolic acid
- MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system
- Microfold cell
- Nanoparticles
- OA, oleate
- Oral
- PCL, polycaprolactone
- PEG-PLA, polyethylene glycol-poly(lactic acid)
- PEI, polyethyleneimine
- PLGA, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)
- PVA, poly(vinyl alcohol)
- RGD, Arg-Gly-Asp
- RGDp, RGD peptidomimetic
- SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery system
- SLN, solid lipid nanoparticles
- SNEDDS, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TG, triglyceride
- TPGS, D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate
- TU, testosterone undecanoate
- WGA, wheat germ agglutinin
- YCW, yeast cell wall
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianping Qi
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery of MOE, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China
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14
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Lai X, Tang J, ElSayed MEH. Recent advances in proteolytic stability for peptide, protein, and antibody drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1467-1482. [PMID: 34187273 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1942837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: To discover and develop a peptide, protein, or antibody into a drug requires overcoming multiple challenges to obtain desired properties. Proteolytic stability is one of the challenges and deserves a focused investigation.Areas covered: This review concentrates on improving proteolytic stability by engineering the amino acids around the cleavage sites of a liable peptide, protein, or antibody. Peptidases are discussed on three levels including all peptidases in databases, mixtures based on organ and tissue types, and individual peptidases. The technique to identify cleavage sites is spotlighted on mass spectrometry-based approaches such as MALDI-TOF and LC-MS. For sequence engineering, the replacements that have been commonly applied with a higher chance of success are highlighted at the beginning, while the rarely used and more complicated replacements are discussed later. Although a one-size-fits-all approach does not exist to apply to different projects, this review provides a 3-step strategy for effectively and efficiently conducting the proteolytic stability experiments to achieve the eventual goal of improving the stability by engineering the molecule itself.Expert opinion: Improving the proteolytic stability is a spiraling up process sequenced by testing and engineering. There are many ways to engineer amino acids, but the choice must consider the cost and properties affected by the changes of the amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyin Lai
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jason Tang
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mohamed E H ElSayed
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070922. [PMID: 34206397 PMCID: PMC8302002 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical formulations based on probiotic microorganisms have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their beneficial properties on human health. Yeasts offer some advantages over other probiotic organisms, such as immunomodulatory properties, anticancer effects and effective suppression of pathogens. However, one of the main challenges for their oral administration is ensuring that cell viability remains high enough for a sustained therapeutic effect while avoiding possible substrate inhibition issues as they transit through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we propose addressing these issues using a probiotic yeast encapsulation strategy, Kluyveromyces lactis, based on gelatin hydrogels doubly cross-linked with graphene oxide (GO) and glutaraldehyde to form highly resistant nanocomposite encapsulates. GO was selected here as a reinforcement agent due to its unique properties, including superior solubility and dispersibility in water and other solvents, high biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and response to electrical fields in its reduced form. Finally, GO has been reported to enhance the mechanical properties of several materials, including natural and synthetic polymers and ceramics. The synthesized GO-gelatin nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized in morphological, swelling, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and their ability to maintain probiotic cell viability. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited larger pore sizes for successful cell entrapment and proliferation, tunable degradation rates, pH-dependent swelling ratio, and higher mechanical stability and integrity in simulated GI media and during bioreactor operation. These results encourage us to consider the application of the obtained nanocomposites to not only formulate high-performance nutraceuticals but to extend it to tissue engineering, bioadhesives, smart coatings, controlled release systems, and bioproduction of highly added value metabolites.
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16
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Verma S, Goand UK, Husain A, Katekar RA, Garg R, Gayen JR. Challenges of peptide and protein drug delivery by oral route: Current strategies to improve the bioavailability. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:927-944. [PMID: 33988872 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in biotechnology provided a notable expansion of peptide and protein therapeutics, used as antigens, vaccines, hormones. It has a prodigious potential to treat a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, bone disorders, and so forth. Protein and peptide therapeutics are administered parenterally due to their poor bioavailability and stability, restricting their use. Hence, research focuses on the oral delivery of peptides and proteins for the ease of self-administration. In the present review, we first address the main obstacles in the oral delivery system in addition to approaches used to enhance the stability and bioavailability of peptide/protein. We describe the physiochemical parameters of the peptides and proteins influencing bioavailability in the systemic circulation. It encounters, many barriers affecting its stability, such as poor cellular membrane permeability at the GIT site, enzymatic degradation (various proteases), and first-pass hepatic metabolism. Then describe the current approaches to overcome the challenges mentioned above by the use of absorption enhancers or carriers, structural modification, formulation and advance technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Roshan A Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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17
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Oral peptide delivery: challenges and the way ahead. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:931-950. [PMID: 33444788 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have emerged as potential therapeutic agents and, in the search for the best treatment regimen, the oral route has been extensively evaluated because of its non-invasive and safe nature. The physicochemical properties of peptides and proteins along with the hurdles in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), such as degrading enzymes and permeation barriers, are challenges to their delivery. To address these challenges, several conventional and novel approaches, such as nanocarriers, site-specific and stimuli specific delivery, are being used. In this review, we discuss the challenges to the oral delivery of peptides and the approaches used to tackle these challenges.
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18
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Jia Z, Wignall A, Prestidge C, Thierry B. An ex vivo investigation of the intestinal uptake and translocation of nanoparticles targeted to Peyer's patches microfold cells. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120167. [PMID: 33309559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diverse nanoparticulate systems have been engineered as vehicles towards enhancing the bioavailability of orally administrated vaccines. Substantial evidence suggests that targeting microfold cells (M cells) within Peyer's patches (PPs) is a prerequisite for vaccine-loaded nanocarriers to induce an effective antigen-specific immune response. Improved understanding of the contribution of M cells to sampling luminal nanoparticles into the underlying gut associated lymphoid tissues would accelerate the development of oral vaccine formulations. Herein, a novel clearing-based whole tissue mount/imaging technique was developed to enable the specific distribution of nanoparticles within ex vivo murine PPs to be quantitatively determined at the cellular level. This revealed that 200 nm nanoparticles modified with M cell targeting ligands (lectin Ulex europaeus agglutinin-1, UEA-1) were translocated into subepithelial domes 7.6 and 16.3 times greater than the non-targeted ones at 60 min and 120 min, respectively. This approach provides a new methodology to quantitatively investigate the transcytotic activity of M cells for particulate formulations, which may aid in the design of improved oral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyang Jia
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Anthony Wignall
- UniSA Clinical and Health Science and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Clive Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Science and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, City West Campus, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute and ARC Centre of Excellence Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
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19
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New and novel approaches for enhancing the oral absorption and bioavailability of protein and peptides therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2020; 11:713-732. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of the oral route for macromolecules has gained a lot of attention due to its noninvasive nature, safe and challenging in active research but with limited success. Oral administration poses challenges due to poor solubility, short half-life, quick elimination and the physical, chemical and biological barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. Approaches of past for improving oral absorption, such as enhancers, mucoadhesive delivery and enzyme inhibitors have been taken over by novel approaches like advanced liposomes, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system, nanoparticles and targeted delivery. Eudratech™ Pep, Peptelligence, Rani Pill and Pharm Film are the emerging technologies for delivering oral proteins and peptide. Calcitonin, semaglutide and octreotide are the peptides available in the market for oral delivery as outcomes of these technologies.
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20
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Wright L, Joyce P, Barnes TJ, Lundmark R, Bergström CAS, Hubert M, Prestidge CA. A Comparison of Chitosan, Mesoporous Silica and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) Acid Nanocarriers for Optimising Intestinal Uptake of Oral Protein Therapeutics. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:217-227. [PMID: 32979363 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Efficacious oral delivery of therapeutic proteins remains challenging and nanoparticulate approaches are gaining interest for enhancing their permeability. In this study, we explore the ability for three comparably sized nanocarriers, with diverse physicochemical properties [i.e., chitosan (CSNP), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNP) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA-NP)], to successfully facilitate epithelial uptake of a model protein, ovalbumin (OVA). We report the effect of nanoparticle surface chemistry and nanostructure on protein release, cell toxicity and the uptake mechanism in a Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell model of the intestinal epithelium. All nanocarriers exhibited bi-phasic OVA release kinetics with sustained and incomplete release after 4 days, and more pronounced release from MSNP than either polymeric nanocarriers. CSNP and MSNP displayed the highest cellular uptake, however CSNP was prone to significant dose-dependent toxicity attributed to the cationic surface charge. Approximately 25% of MSNP uptake was governed by a clathrin-independent endocytic mechanism, while CSNP and PLGA-NP uptake was not controlled via any endocytic mechanisms investigated herein. Furthermore, endosomal localisation was observed for CSNP and MSNP, but not for PLGA-NP. These findings may assist in the optimal choice and engineering of nanocarriers for specific intestinal permeation enhancement for oral protein delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wright
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Paul Joyce
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Timothy J Barnes
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard Lundmark
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel A S Bergström
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Swedish Drug Delivery Center, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madlen Hubert
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science, Adelaide, Australia.
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