1
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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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2
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Chaves JCS, Dando SJ, White AR, Oikari LE. Blood-brain barrier transporters: An overview of function, dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease and strategies for treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166967. [PMID: 38008230 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain-barrier (BBB) has a major function in maintaining brain homeostasis by regulating the entry of molecules from the blood to the brain. Key players in BBB function are BBB transporters which are highly expressed in brain endothelial cells (BECs) and critical in mediating the exchange of nutrients and waste products. BBB transporters can also influence drug delivery into the brain by inhibiting or facilitating the entry of brain targeting therapeutics for the treatment of brain disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that AD is associated with a disrupted BBB and transporter dysfunction, although their roles in the development in AD are not fully understand. Modulation of BBB transporter activity may pose a novel approach to enhance the delivery of drugs to the brain for enhanced treatment of AD. In this review, we will give an overview of key functions of BBB transporters and known changes in AD. In addition, we will discuss current strategies for transporter modulation for enhanced drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana C S Chaves
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Samantha J Dando
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anthony R White
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Lotta E Oikari
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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Manchanda N, Vishkarma H, Goyal M, Shah S, Famta P, Talegaonkar S, Srivastava S. Surface Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles in Promoting Therapeutic Outcomes: An Insight View of the Dynamic Drug Delivery System. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:278-300. [PMID: 38409709 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501285598240216065627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Compared to the conventional approach, nanoparticles (NPs) facilitate a non-hazardous, non-toxic, non-interactive, and biocompatible system, rendering them incredibly promising for improving drug delivery to target cells. When that comes to accomplishing specific therapeutic agents like drugs, peptides, nucleotides, etc., lipidic nanoparticulate systems have emerged as even more robust. They have asserted impressive ability in bypassing physiological and cellular barriers, evading lysosomal capture and the proton sponge effect, optimizing bioavailability, and compliance, lowering doses, and boosting therapeutic efficacy. However, the lack of selectivity at the cellular level hinders its ability to accomplish its potential to the fullest. The inclusion of surface functionalization to the lipidic NPs might certainly assist them in adapting to the basic biological demands of a specific pathological condition. Several ligands, including peptides, enzymes, polymers, saccharides, antibodies, etc., can be functionalized onto the surface of lipidic NPs to achieve cellular selectivity and avoid bioactivity challenges. This review provides a comprehensive outline for functionalizing lipid-based NPs systems in prominence over target selectivity. Emphasis has been put upon the strategies for reinforcing the therapeutic performance of lipidic nano carriers' using a variety of ligands alongside instances of relevant commercial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namish Manchanda
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Government of NCT of Delhi, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Pushp Vihar Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, Delhi (NCT), India
- Centre of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, India
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Sector-67, S.A.S Nagar, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India
| | - Harish Vishkarma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Government of NCT of Delhi, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Pushp Vihar Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, Delhi (NCT), India
| | - Muskan Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Government of NCT of Delhi, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Pushp Vihar Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, Delhi (NCT), India
| | - Saurabh Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500037, Telangana, India
| | - Paras Famta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500037, Telangana, India
| | - Sushama Talegaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), Government of NCT of Delhi, Mehrauli-Badarpur Road, Pushp Vihar Sector-3, New Delhi-110017, Delhi (NCT), India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Government of India, Balanagar, Hyderabad-500037, Telangana, India
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4
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Moazzam F, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Ebrahimi Hosseinzadeh B, Khodagholi F, Rooki M, Rashidi F. Preparation and characterization of brain-targeted polymeric nanocarriers (Frankincense-PMBN-lactoferrin) and in-vivo evaluation on an Alzheimer's disease-like rat model induced by scopolamine. Brain Res 2024; 1822:148622. [PMID: 37832760 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Experiments have demonstrated that frankincense may offer protection against scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease by mitigating cholinergic dysfunction and inhibiting inflammatory mediators. Nevertheless, its instability and limited water solubility lead to diminished medicinal efficacy. In this study, we utilized PMBN (poly [MPC-co-(BMA)-co-(MEONP)]) as a nanocarrier for targeted brain drug delivery of frankincense, employing lactoferrin as a ligand for precise targeting. Characterization of nanoparticle properties was conducted through FTIR and FESEM analysis, and the in-vitro drug release percentage from the nanoparticles was quantified. To induce Alzheimer's-like dementia in rats, scopolamine was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day for 14 days. Subsequently, behavioral assessments (Y-maze, passive avoidance test, tail suspension test) were performed, followed by evaluations of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and brain histopathology at the conclusion of the treatment period. The results revealed that the nanoparticles had a size of 106.6 nm and a zeta potential of -3.8 mV. The maximum release of frankincense in the PBS environment from PMBN nanoparticles was 18.2 %, in accordance with the Peppas model. Behavioral tests indicated that targeted drug nanoparticles (F-PMBN-Lf) exhibited the capability to alleviate stress and depression while enhancing short-term memory in scopolamine-induced animals. Additionally, F-PMBN-Lf counteracted the scopolamine-induced elevation of AChE activity and GSH levels. However, it resulted in decreased activity of the antioxidant enzyme CAT compared to the scopolamine group. Histological analysis of brain tissue suggested that F-PMBN-Lf exerted a notable neuroprotective effect, preserving neuronal cells in contrast to the scopolamine-induced group. It appears that the polymer nanoparticles containing this plant extract have introduced a novel neuroprotective approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Moazzam
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashrafalsadat Hatamian-Zarmi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bahman Ebrahimi Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Rooki
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemehsadat Rashidi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Fondaj D, Arduino I, Lopedota AA, Denora N, Iacobazzi RM. Exploring the Microfluidic Production of Biomimetic Hybrid Nanoparticles and Their Pharmaceutical Applications. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1953. [PMID: 37514139 PMCID: PMC10386337 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines have made remarkable advances in recent years, addressing the limitations of traditional therapy and treatment methods. Due to their improved drug solubility, stability, precise delivery, and ability to target specific sites, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have emerged as highly promising solutions. The successful interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems, on the other hand, is dependent on their intentional surface engineering. As a result, biomimetic nanoparticles have been developed as novel drug carriers. In-depth knowledge of various biomimetic nanoparticles, their applications, and the methods used for their formulation, with emphasis on the microfluidic production technique, is provided in this review. Microfluidics has emerged as one of the most promising approaches for precise control, high reproducibility, scalability, waste reduction, and faster production times in the preparation of biomimetic nanoparticles. Significant advancements in personalized medicine can be achieved by harnessing the benefits of biomimetic nanoparticles and leveraging microfluidic technology, offering enhanced functionality and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafina Fondaj
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, 70125 Bari, Italy
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6
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Shala AL, Arduino I, Salihu MB, Denora N. Quercetin and Its Nano-Formulations for Brain Tumor Therapy—Current Developments and Future Perspectives for Paediatric Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030963. [PMID: 36986827 PMCID: PMC10057501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient treatments for tumors affecting the central nervous system (CNS) remains an open challenge. Particularly, gliomas are the most malignant and lethal form of brain tumors in adults, causing death in patients just over 6 months after diagnosis without treatment. The current treatment protocol consists of surgery, followed using synthetic drugs and radiation. However, the efficacy of these protocols is associated with side effects, poor prognosis and with a median survival of fewer than two years. Recently, many studies were focused on applying plant-derived products to manage various diseases, including brain cancers. Quercetin is a bioactive compound derived from various fruits and vegetables (asparagus, apples, berries, cherries, onions and red leaf lettuce). Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies highlighted that quercetin through multitargeted molecular mechanisms (apoptosis, necrosis, anti-proliferative activity and suppression of tumor invasion and migration) effectively reduces the progression of tumor cells. This review aims to summarize current developments and recent advances of quercetin’s anticancer potential in brain tumors. Since all reported studies demonstrating the anti-cancer potential of quercetin were conducted using adult models, it is suggested to expand further research in the field of paediatrics. This could offer new perspectives on brain cancer treatment for paediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Loshaj Shala
- Department of Drug Analysis and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mimoza Basholli Salihu
- Department of Drug Analysis and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, 10000 Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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7
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Gugleva V, Andonova V. Drug delivery to the brain – lipid nanoparticles-based approach. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e98838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex structure of the human brain defines it as one of the most inaccessible organs in terms of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a microvascular network involved in transporting substances between the blood and the central nervous system (CNS) – enabling the entry of nutrients and simultaneously restricting the influx of pathogens and toxins. However, its role as a protective shield for CNS also restricts drug access to the brain. Since many drugs cannot cross the BBB due to unsuitable physicochemical characteristics (i.e., high molecular weight, aqueous solubility, etc.), different technological strategies have been developed to ensure sufficient drug bioavailability. Among these, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are promising approaches thanks to their lipid nature, facilitating their brain uptake, small sizes, and the possibilities for subsequent functionalization to achieve targeted delivery. The review focuses on applying SLNs and NLCs as nanocarriers for brain delivery, outlining the physiological factors of BBB and the physicochemical characteristics of nanocarriers influencing this process. Recent advances in this area have also been summarized.
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Sommonte F, Arduino I, Iacobazzi RM, Tiboni M, Catalano F, Marotta R, Di Francesco M, Casettari L, Decuzzi P, Lopedota AA, Denora N. Microfluidic assembly of "Turtle-Like" shaped solid lipid nanoparticles for lysozyme delivery. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122479. [PMID: 36509224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After two decades of research in the field of nanomedicine, nanoscale delivery systems for biologicals are becoming clinically relevant tools. Microfluidic-based fabrication processes are replacing conventional techniques based on precipitation, emulsion, and homogenization. Here, the focus is on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for the encapsulation and delivery of lysozyme (LZ) as a model biologic. A thorough analysis was conducted to compare conventional versus microfluidic-based production techniques, using a 3D-printed device. The efficiency of the microfluidic technique in producing LZ-loaded SLNs (LZ SLNs) was demonstrated: LZ SLNs were found to have a lower size (158.05 ± 4.86 nm vs 180.21 ± 7.46 nm) and higher encapsulation efficacy (70.15 ± 1.65 % vs 53.58 ± 1.13 %) as compared to particles obtained with conventional methods. Cryo-EM studies highlighted a peculiar turtle-like structure on the surface of LZ SLNs. In vitro studies demonstrated that LZ SLNs were suitable to achieve a sustained release over time (7 days). Enzymatic activity of LZ entrapped into SLNs was challenged on Micrococcus lysodeikticus cultures, confirming the stability and potency of the biologic. This systematic analysis demonstrates that microfluidic production of SLNs can be efficiently used for encapsulation and delivery of complex biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Iacobazzi
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Mattia Tiboni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Federico Catalano
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Morego St. 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Morego St. 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Casettari
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Piazza del Rinascimento 6, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona St. 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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Sommonte F, Weaver E, Mathew E, Denora N, Lamprou DA. In-House Innovative "Diamond Shaped" 3D Printed Microfluidic Devices for Lysozyme-Loaded Liposomes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112484. [PMID: 36432675 PMCID: PMC9699034 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology applications have emerged as one of the most actively researched areas in recent years. As a result, substantial study into nanoparticulate lipidic systems and liposomes (LPs) has been conducted. Regardless of the advantages, various challenges involving traditional manufacturing processes have hampered their expansion. Here, the combination of microfluidic technology (MF) and 3D printing (3DP) digital light processing (DLP) was fruitfully investigated in the creation of novel, previously unexplored "diamond shaped" devices suitable for the production of LPs carrying lysozyme as model drug. Computer-aided design (CAD) software was used designing several MF devices with significantly multiple and diverse geometries. These were printed using a high-performance DLP 3DP, resulting in extremely high-resolution chips that were tested to optimize the experimental condition of MF-based LPs. Monodisperse narrow-sized lysozyme-loaded PEGylated LPs were produced using in-house devices. The developed formulations succumbed to stability tests to determine their consistency, and then an encapsulation efficacy (EE) study was performed, yielding good findings. The in vitro release study indicated that lysozyme-loaded LPs could release up to 93% of the encapsulated cargo within 72 h. Therefore, the proficiency of the association between MF and 3DP was demonstrated, revealing a potential growing synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona Street, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Edward Weaver
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Essyrose Mathew
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Orabona Street, 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (D.A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2767 (N.D.); +44-(0)28-9097-2617 (D.A.L.)
| | - Dimitrios A. Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
- Correspondence: (N.D.); (D.A.L.); Tel.: +39-080-544-2767 (N.D.); +44-(0)28-9097-2617 (D.A.L.)
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10
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Francesco Racaniello G, Knoll P, Matteo Jörgensen A, Arduino I, Laquintana V, Assunta Lopedota A, Bernkop-Schnürch A, Denora N. Thiolation of non-ionic surfactants for the development of lipid-based mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:95-104. [PMID: 36058444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop thiolated self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) with improved mucoadhesive properties. Two non-ionic surfactants bearing a short and long PEG chain, namely polyoxyethylene (10) stearyl ether (PSE10) and polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether (PSE100), were thiolated for the first time by substituting the terminal hydroxyl group with a thiol group. The synthesis was confirmed by FT-IR, NMR and Ellman's test. SEDDS and NLCs containing these thiolated compounds were investigated for size, polydispersity index (PDI) and ζ potential. Subsequently, mucus diffusion studies, rheological evaluations after mixing the nanocarriers with mucus and mucoadhesion studies on porcine intestinal mucosa were performed. All nanocarriers had a size less than 250 nm, a maximum PDI of 0.3 and a ζ potential < -9.0 mV. Mucus diffusion studies resulted in the rank order of increasing diffusivity: PSE10-SH < PSE100-SH < PSE10-OH < PSE100-OH for NLCs and PSE10-OH < PSE100-OH < PSE100-SH < PSE10-SH for SEDDS. The mucoadhesive properties and increase in viscosity of SEDDS and NLCs ranked: PSE100-OH < PSE10-OH < PSE100-SH < PSE10-SH. In addition, the short chain PSE10-SH showed higher mucus interactions than the long chain PSE100-SH for both SEDDS and NLCs. The thiolated PSE surfactants appeared to be promising excipients for the design of highly mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Knoll
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Matteo Jörgensen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy
| | | | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Italy.
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11
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Hassan NA, Alshamari AK, Hassan AA, Elharrif MG, Alhajri AM, Sattam M, Khattab RR. Advances on Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease: From Medicinal Plant to Nanotechnology. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154839. [PMID: 35956796 PMCID: PMC9369981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic dysfunction of neurons in the brain leading to dementia. It is characterized by gradual mental failure, abnormal cognitive functioning, personality changes, diminished verbal fluency, and speech impairment. It is caused by neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal area of the brain. The number of individuals with AD is growing at a quick rate. The pathology behind AD is the progress of intraneuronal fibrillary tangles, accumulation of amyloid plaque, loss of cholinergic neurons, and decrease in choline acetyltransferase. Unfortunately, AD cannot be cured, but its progression can be delayed. Various FDA-approved inhibitors of cholinesterase enzyme such as rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil, and NDMA receptor inhibitors (memantine), are available to manage the symptoms of AD. An exhaustive literature survey was carried out using SciFinder’s reports from Alzheimer’s Association, PubMed, and Clinical Trials.org. The literature was explored thoroughly to obtain information on the various available strategies to prevent AD. In the context of the present scenario, several strategies are being tried including the clinical trials for the treatment of AD. We have discussed pathophysiology, various targets, FDA-approved drugs, and various drugs in clinical trials against AD. The goal of this study is to shed light on current developments and treatment options, utilizing phytopharmaceuticals, nanomedicines, nutraceuticals, and gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser A. Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Asma K. Alshamari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Ha’il University, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Allam A. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43221, Egypt;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed G. Elharrif
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Alhajri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Mohammed Sattam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia; (A.M.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Reham R. Khattab
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
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12
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Ramirez-Carracedo R, Sanmartin M, Ten A, Hernandez I, Tesoro L, Diez-Mata J, Botana L, Ovejero-Paredes K, Filice M, Alberich-Bayarri A, Martí-Bonmatí L, Largo-Aramburu C, Saura M, Zamorano JL, Zaragoza C. Theranostic Contribution of Extracellular Matrix Metalloprotease Inducer-Paramagnetic Nanoparticles Against Acute Myocardial Infarction in a Pig Model of Coronary Ischemia-Reperfusion. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 15:e013379. [PMID: 35678191 PMCID: PMC9213084 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.013379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid screening and accurate diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction are critical to reduce the progression of myocardial necrosis, in which proteolytic degradation of myocardial extracellular matrix plays a major role. In previous studies, we found that targeting the extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN) by injecting nanoparticles conjugated with the specific EMMPRIN-binding peptide AP9 significantly improved cardiac function in mice subjected to ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ramirez-Carracedo
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
| | - Marcelo Sanmartin
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (M. Sanmartin, J.L.Z.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
| | - Amadeo Ten
- Instituto de Investigación de salud La Fe, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica (GIBI230-PREBI). Nodo de Imagen La Fe en la Red de Imagen Biomédica (ReDIB) de Infraestructuras Científicas Técnicas y Singulares (ICTS), Valencia, Spain (A.T., L.M.-B.)
| | - Ignacio Hernandez
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
| | - Laura Tesoro
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.)
| | - Javier Diez-Mata
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.)
| | - Laura Botana
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.)
| | - Karina Ovejero-Paredes
- Grupo de Nanobiotecnología para Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmaceuticas Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Unidad de Microscopia e Imagen Dinamica, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (K.O.-P., M.F.)
| | - Marco Filice
- QUIBIM SL - Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers in Medicine, Valencia, Spain (A.A.-B.)
| | - Angel Alberich-Bayarri
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain (C.L.-A.)
| | - Luis Martí-Bonmatí
- Instituto de Investigación de salud La Fe, Grupo de Investigación Biomédica (GIBI230-PREBI). Nodo de Imagen La Fe en la Red de Imagen Biomédica (ReDIB) de Infraestructuras Científicas Técnicas y Singulares (ICTS), Valencia, Spain (A.T., L.M.-B.)
| | - Carlota Largo-Aramburu
- Departamento de Cirugía Experimental, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain (C.L.-A.)
| | - Marta Saura
- Unidad de Fisiología, Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain (M. Saura).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
| | - Jose Luis Zamorano
- Departamento de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (M. Sanmartin, J.L.Z.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
| | - Carlos Zaragoza
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Cardiología, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., I.H., L.T., J.D.-M., L.B., C.Z.).,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (R.R.-C., M. Sanmartin, I.H., L.T., M. Saura, J.L.Z., C.Z.)
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13
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Mittal KR, Pharasi N, Sarna B, Singh M, Rachana, Haider S, Singh SK, Dua K, Jha SK, Dey A, Ojha S, Mani S, Jha NK. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for the treatment of CNS disorders. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:527-546. [PMID: 36741545 PMCID: PMC9883694 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately 6.8 million people die annually because of problems related to the central nervous system (CNS), and out of them, approximately 1 million people are affected by neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. CNS problems are a primary concern because of the complexity of the brain. There are various drugs available to treat CNS disorders and overcome problems with toxicity, specificity, and delivery. Barriers like the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are a challenge, as they do not allow therapeutic drugs to cross and reach their target. Researchers have been searching for ways to allow drugs to pass through the BBB and reach the target sites. These problems highlight the need of nanotechnology to alter or manipulate various processes at the cellular level to achieve the desired attributes. Due to their nanosize, nanoparticles are able to pass through the BBB and are an effective alternative to drug administration and other approaches. Nanotechnology has the potential to improve treatment and diagnostic techniques for CNS disorders and facilitate effective drug transfer. With the aid of nanoengineering, drugs could be modified to perform functions like transference across the BBB, altering signaling pathways, targeting specific cells, effective gene transfer, and promoting regeneration and preservation of nerve cells. The involvement of a nanocarrier framework inside the delivery of several neurotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of neurological diseases is reviewed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushi R. Mittal
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Nandini Pharasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Bhavya Sarna
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Rachana
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata700073, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Center for Emerging Diseases, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
- School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology (SET), Sharda University, Plot No. 32-34 Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
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14
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Md S, Alhakamy NA, Alfaleh MA, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Iqubal A, Shaik RA. Mechanisms Involved in Microglial-Interceded Alzheimer's Disease and Nanocarrier-Based Treatment Approaches. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1116. [PMID: 34834468 PMCID: PMC8619529 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder accountable for dementia and cognitive dysfunction. The etiology of AD is complex and multifactorial in origin. The formation and deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ), hyperphosphorylated tau protein, neuroinflammation, persistent oxidative stress, and alteration in signaling pathways have been extensively explored among the various etiological hallmarks. However, more recently, the immunogenic regulation of AD has been identified, and macroglial activation is considered a limiting factor in its etiological cascade. Macroglial activation causes neuroinflammation via modulation of the NLRP3/NF-kB/p38 MAPKs pathway and is also involved in tau pathology via modulation of the GSK-3β/p38 MAPK pathways. Additionally, microglial activation contributes to the discrete release of neurotransmitters and an altered neuronal synaptic plasticity. Therefore, activated microglial cells appear to be an emerging target for managing and treating AD. This review article discussed the pathology of microglial activation in AD and the role of various nanocarrier-based anti-Alzeihmenr's therapeutic approaches that can either reverse or inhibit this activation. Thus, as a targeted drug delivery system, nanocarrier approaches could emerge as a novel means to overcome existing AD therapy limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadab Md
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research & Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.A.); (M.A.A.)
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.); (A.S.A.A.)
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Rasheed A. Shaik
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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15
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Microfluidic preparation and in vitro evaluation of iRGD-functionalized solid lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel to tumor cells. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121246. [PMID: 34737115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) can combine the advantages of different colloidal carriers and prevent some of their disadvantages. The production of nanoparticles by means of microfluidics represents a successful platform for industrial scale-up of nanoparticle manufacture in a reproducible way. The realisation of a microfluidic technique to obtain SLNs in a continuous and reproducible manner encouraged us to create surface functionalised SLNs for targeted drug release using the same procedure. A tumor homing peptide, iRGD, owning a cryptic C-end Rule (CendR) motif is responsible for neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) binding and for triggering extravasation and tumor penetration of the peptide. In this study, the Paclitaxel loaded-SLNs produced by microfluidics were functionalized with the iRGD peptide. The SLNs proved to be stable in aqueous medium andwere characterized by a Z-average under 150 nm, a polydispersity index below 0.2, a zeta-potential between -20 and -35 mV and a drug encapsulation efficiency around 40%. Moreover, in vitro cytotoxic effects and cellular uptake have been assessed using 2D and 3D tumour models of U87 glioblastoma cell lines. Overall, these results demonstrate that the surface functionalization of SLNs with iRGD allow better cellular uptake and cytotoxicity ability.
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16
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Iacobazzi RM, Vischio F, Arduino I, Canepa F, Laquintana V, Notarnicola M, Scavo MP, Bianco G, Fanizza E, Lopedota AA, Cutrignelli A, Lopalco A, Azzariti A, Curri ML, Franco M, Giannelli G, Lee BC, Depalo N, Denora N. Magnetic implants in vivo guiding sorafenib liver delivery by superparamagnetic solid lipid nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 608:239-254. [PMID: 34626971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), co-encapsulating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and sorafenib, have been exploited for magnetic-guided drug delivery to the liver. Two different magnetic configurations, both comprising two small magnets, were under-skin implanted to investigate the effect of the magnetic field topology on the magnetic SLNP accumulation in liver tissues. A preliminary simulation analysis was performed to predict the magnetic field topography for each tested configuration. EXPERIMENTS SLNs were prepared using a hot homogenization approach and characterized using complementary techniques. Their in vitro biological behavior was assessed in HepG-2 liver cancer cells; wild-type mice were used for the in vivo study. The magnet configuration that resulted in a higher magnetic targeting efficiency was investigated by evaluating the iron content in homogenated murine liver tissues. FINDINGS SLNs, characterized by an average size smaller than 200 nm, retained their superparamagnetic behavior and relevant molecular resonance imaging properties as negative contrast agents. The evaluation of iron accumulation in the liver tissues was consistent with the magnetic induction profile of each magnet configuration, concurring with the results predicted by simulation analysis and obtained by measurements in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Vischio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR-Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF) Bari Division, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Fabio Canepa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Valentino Laquintana
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Notarnicola
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis," Personalized Medicine Laboratory, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Principia Scavo
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis," Personalized Medicine Laboratory, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Giusy Bianco
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. de Bellis," Personalized Medicine Laboratory, Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Fanizza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR-Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF) Bari Division, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Cutrignelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Via O. Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Maria Lucia Curri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; CNR-Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF) Bari Division, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Massimo Franco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology "de Bellis," Via Turi 26 Castellana Grotte, Bari, Italy.
| | - Byung Chul Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nicoletta Depalo
- CNR-Institute for Chemical-Physical Processes (IPCF) Bari Division, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
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17
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Bukhari SNA. Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease with Preclinical Evaluation and Clinical Trials: Challenges, Promises and Limitations. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 19:17-31. [PMID: 34514990 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210910162750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common form of dementia worldwide. Currently, there is no disease-modifying AD drug, and the development of effective treatments is made even harder by the highly selective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) that allows the passage only of molecules with specific chemical-physical properties. In this context, nanomedicine and its nanoparticles (NPs) offer potential solutions to the challenge of AD therapy, in particular, the requirements for i) BBB crossing, ii) multitarget therapy iii) enhancement of pharmacokinetics; and iv) more precise delivery. In addition, the possibility to optimize NP biophysical and biological (i.e. target-specific ligands) properties allows for highly tailored delivery platforms. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that nanotherapeutics provide superior pharmacokinetics and brain uptake than free drugs and, on the other hand, these are also able to mitigate the side-effects of the symptomatic treatments approved by the FDA. Among the plethora of potential AD nanodrugs, multitarget nanotherapeutics are considered the most promising strategy due to their ability to hit simultaneously multiple pathogenic factors, while nano-nutraceuticals are emerging as interesting tools in the treatment/prevention of AD. This review provides a comprehensive overview of nanomedicine in AD therapy, focusing on key optimization of NPs properties, most promising nanotherapeutics in preclinical studies and difficulties that are limiting the efficient translation from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka, 2014. Saudi Arabia
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18
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Sommonte F, Arduino I, Racaniello GF, Lopalco A, Lopedota AA, Denora N. The Complexity of the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Concept of Age-Related Brain Targeting: Challenges and Potential of Novel Solid Lipid-Based Formulations. J Pharm Sci 2021; 111:577-592. [PMID: 34469749 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diseases that affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) are one of the most exciting challenges of recent years, as they are ubiquitous and affect all ages. Although these disorders show different etiologies, all treatments share the same difficulty represented by the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). This barrier acts as a protective system of the delicate cerebral microenvironment, isolating it and making extremely arduous delivering drugs to the brain. To overtake the obstacles provided by the BBB it is essential to explore the changes that affect it, to understand how to exploit these findings in the study and design of innovative brain targeted formulations. Interestingly, the concept of age-related targeting could prove to be a winning choice, as it allows to consider the type of treatment according to the different needs and peculiarities depending on the disease and the age of onset. In this review was considered the prospective contribution of lipid-based formulations, namely Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs), which have been highlighted as able to overcome some limitations of other innovative approaches, thus representing a promising strategy for the non-invasive specific treatment of CNS-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sommonte
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilaria Arduino
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Lopalco
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Assunta Lopedota
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Nunzio Denora
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 4 Orabona St., 70125, Bari, Italy.
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19
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ATP-binding cassette transporters and neurodegenerative diseases. Essays Biochem 2021; 65:1013-1024. [PMID: 34415015 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are one of the largest groups of transporter families in humans. ABC transporters mediate the translocation of a diverse range of substrates across cellular membranes, including amino acids, nucleosides, lipids, sugars and xenobiotics. Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of brain diseases that detrimentally affect neurons and other brain cells and are usually associated with deposits of pathogenic proteins in the brain. Major neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. ABC transporters are highly expressed in the brain and have been implicated in a number of pathological processes underlying neurodegenerative diseases. This review outlines the current understanding of the role of ABC transporters in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on some of the most important pathways, and also suggests future directions for research in this field.
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20
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Essential Oil-Loaded NLC for Potential Intranasal Administration. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081166. [PMID: 34452126 PMCID: PMC8399280 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Complementary and alternative medicines represent an interesting field of research on which worldwide academics are focusing many efforts. In particular, the possibility to exploit pharmaceutical technology strategies, such as the nanoencapsulation, for the delivery of essential oils is emerging as a promising strategy not only in Italy but also all over the world. The aim of this work was the development of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the delivery of essential oils (Lavandula, Mentha, and Rosmarinus) by intranasal administration, an interesting topic in which Italian contributions have recently increased. Essential oil-loaded NLC, projected as a possible add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, were characterized in comparison to control formulations prepared with Tegosoft CT and Neem oil. Homogeneous (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.2) nanoparticles with a small size (<200 nm) and good stability were obtained. Morphological and physical-chemical studies showed the formation of different structures depending on the nature of the liquid oil component. In particular, NLC prepared with Lavandula or Rosmarinus showed the formation of a more ordered structure with higher cytocompatibility on two cell lines, murine and human fibroblasts. Taken together, our preliminary results show that optimized positively charged NLC containing Lavandula or Rosmarinus can be proposed as a potential add-on strategy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through intranasal administration, due to the well-known beneficial effects of essential oils and the mucoadhesive properties of NLC.
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21
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Khan NH, Mir M, Ngowi EE, Zafar U, Khakwani MMAK, Khattak S, Zhai YK, Jiang ES, Zheng M, Duan SF, Wei JS, Wu DD, Ji XY. Nanomedicine: A Promising Way to Manage Alzheimer's Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:630055. [PMID: 33996777 PMCID: PMC8120897 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.630055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating disease of the aging population characterized by the progressive and slow brain decay due to the formation of extracellular plaques in the hippocampus. AD cells encompass tangles of twisted strands of aggregated microtubule binding proteins surrounded by plaques. Delivering corresponding drugs in the brain to deal with these clinical pathologies, we face a naturally built strong, protective barrier between circulating blood and brain cells called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanomedicines provide state-of-the-art alternative approaches to overcome the challenges in drug transport across the BBB. The current review presents the advances in the roles of nanomedicines in both the diagnosis and treatment of AD. We intend to provide an overview of how nanotechnology has revolutionized the approaches used to manage AD and highlight the current key bottlenecks and future perspective in this field. Furthermore, the emerging nanomedicines for managing brain diseases like AD could promote the booming growth of research and their clinical availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazeer Hussain Khan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Maria Mir
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ebenezeri Erasto Ngowi
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ujala Zafar
- School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Saadullah Khattak
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan-Kun Zhai
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - En-She Jiang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institutes of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shao-Feng Duan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jian-She Wei
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Brain Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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22
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Arduino I, Liu Z, Rahikkala A, Figueiredo P, Correia A, Cutrignelli A, Denora N, Santos HA. Preparation of cetyl palmitate-based PEGylated solid lipid nanoparticles by microfluidic technique. Acta Biomater 2021; 121:566-578. [PMID: 33326887 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have shown that the use of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as a colloidal drug delivery system was more advantageous than lipid emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. SLNs have numerous advantages of different nanosystems and rule out many of their drawbacks. Despite the numerous advantages of SLNs, translation from the preclinical formulation to the industrial scale-up is limited. In order to provide a reproducible and reliable method of producing nanoparticles, and thus, obtain an industrial scale-up, several methods of synthesis of nanoparticles by microfluidic have been developed. Microfluidic technique allows a good control and a continuous online synthesis of nanosystems compared to synthesis in bulk, leading to a narrow size distribution, high batch-to-batch reproducibility, as well as to the industrial scale-up feasibility. This work described the optimization process to produce SLNs by microfluidics. The SLNs produced by microfluidics were characterized by complementary optical and morphological techniques and compared with those produced by bulk method. SLNs were loaded with paclitaxel and sorafenib, used as model drugs. The anti-cancer efficiency of the SLNs formulation was estimated with 2D and 3D tumour models of two different cell lines, and the cellular uptake was also studied with fluorescence-assisted measurements.
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