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Koons GL, Kontoyiannis PD, Diaz-Gomez L, Elsarrag SZ, Scott DW, Diba M, Mikos AG. Influence of Polymeric Microparticle Size and Loading Concentration on 3D Printing Accuracy and Degradation Behavior of Composite Scaffolds. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2024; 11:e813-e827. [PMID: 38694834 PMCID: PMC11058418 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2022.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Successful employment of 3D printing for delivery of therapeutic biomolecules requires protection of their bioactivity on exposure to potentially inactivating conditions. Although intermediary encapsulation of the biomolecules in polymeric particulate delivery vehicles is a promising strategy for this objective, the inclusion of such particles in 3D printing formulations may critically impact the accuracy or precision of 3D printed scaffolds relative to their intended designed architectures, as well as the degradation behavior of both the scaffolds and the included particles. The present work aimed to elucidate the effect of poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid) particle size and loading concentration on material accuracy, machine precision, and degradation of 3D printed poly(ɛ-caprolactone)-based scaffolds. Using a main effects analysis, the sizes and loading concentrations of particle delivery vehicles investigated were found to have neither a beneficial nor disadvantageous influence on the metrics of printing quality such as material accuracy and machine precision. Meanwhile, particle loading concentration was determined to influence degradation rate, whereas printing temperature affected the trends in composite weight-average molecular weight. Neither of the two particle-related parameters (concentration nor diameter) was found to exhibit a significant effect on intra-fiber nor inter-fiber porosity. These findings evidence the capacity for controlled loading of particulate delivery vehicles in 3D printed scaffolds while preserving construct accuracy and precision, and with predictable dictation of composite degradation behavior for potential controlled release of encapsulated biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry L. Koons
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Panayiotis D. Kontoyiannis
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Selma Z. Elsarrag
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David W. Scott
- Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mani Diba
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Kouhjani M, Jaafari MR, Kamali H, Abbasi A, Tafaghodi M, Mousavi Shaegh SA. Microfluidic-assisted preparation of PLGA nanoparticles loaded with insulin: a comparison with double emulsion solvent evaporation method. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024; 35:306-329. [PMID: 38100556 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2023.2287247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is an ideal polymer for the delivery of small and macromolecule drugs. Conventional preparation methods of PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) result in poor control over NPs properties. In this research, a microfluidic mixer was designed to produce insulin-loaded PLGA NPs with tuned properties. Importantly; aggregation of the NPs through the mixer was diminished due to the coaxial mixing of the precursors. The micromixer allowed for the production of NPs with small size and narrow size distribution compared to the double emulsion solvent evaporation (DESE) method. Furthermore, encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity indicated a significant increase in optimized NPs produced through the microfluidic method in comparison to DESE method. NPs prepared by the microfluidic method were able to achieve a more reduction of trans-epithelial electrical resistance values in the Caco-2 cells compared to those developed by the DESE technique that leads to greater paracellular permeation. Compatibility and interaction between components were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared analysis. Also, the effect of NPs on cell toxicity was investigated using MTT test. Numerical simulations were conducted to analyze the effect of mixing patterns on the properties of the NPs. It was revealed that by decreasing flow rate ratio, i.e. flow rate of the organic phase to the flow rate of the aqueous phase, mixing of the two streams increases. As an alternative to the DESE method, high flexibility in modulating hydrodynamic conditions of the microfluidic mixer allowed for nanoassembly of NPs with superior insulin encapsulation at smaller particle sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kouhjani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Abbasi
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Tafaghodi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Nanotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Mousavi Shaegh
- Laboratory of Microfluidics and Medical Microsystems, BuAli Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Orthopedic Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Ghaem Hospital, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Meng T, Sudarjat H, Momin M, Ma JX, Xu Q. Development of uniform fenofibrate-loaded biodegradable microparticle by membrane emulsification. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123675. [PMID: 38061500 PMCID: PMC10843658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate has shown therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy. However, fenofibrate can be rapidly cleared from the eye after a single intravitreal injection. Here, we aim to develop fenofibrate loaded PLGA microparticles (Feno-MP) with high drug loading and sustained in vitro release up to 6 months suitable for intravitreal injection. First, orthogonal array experimental design was applied for formulation optimization. The selected formulation parameters were used to formulate Feno-MP using homogenization method and direct membrane emulsification method. Both methods generated Feno-MP with high drug loading and sustained in vitro drug release more than 140 days. Unlike the polydisperse Feno-MP prepared using homogenization method, membrane emulsification method generated Feno-MP with uniform size distribution. By controlling the membrane pore size, 1.5 µm, 8 µm and 16 µm Feno-MP were formulated and we found that larger Feno-MP demonstrated higher drug loading, more sustained drug release in vitro with less burst drug release than the smaller Feno-MP. In conclusion, we developed Feno-MP with high drug loading and sustained release profile, and elucidated that changing the particle size could have notable impacts on drug loading and release kinetics. Formulating Feno-MP with uniform size distribution by membrane emulsification method would benefit the batch-to-batch repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Hadi Sudarjat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Mohammad Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Qingguo Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, and Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery & Development (ISB3D), Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Abo El-Enin HA, Tulbah AS, Darwish HW, Salama R, Naguib IA, Yassin HA, Abdel-Bar HM. Evaluation of Brain Targeting and Antipsychotic Activity of Nasally Administrated Ziprasidone Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanocarriers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:886. [PMID: 37375832 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The feasibility of using lipid-polymer hybrid (LPH) nanocarriers as a potential platform for the intranasal delivery of ziprasidone (ZP), a second-generation antipsychotic, was explored. Different ZP-loaded LPH composed of a PLGA core and cholesterol-lecithin lipid coat were prepared using a single step nano-precipitation self-assembly technique. Modulation of polymer, lipid and drug amounts, as well as stirring-speed-optimized LPH with a particle size of 97.56 ± 4.55 nm and a ZP entrapment efficiency (EE%) of 97.98 ± 1.22%. The brain deposition and pharmacokinetics studies proved the efficiency of LPH to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) following intranasal delivery with a 3.9-fold increase in targeting efficiency compared to the intravenous (IV) ZP solution with a direct nose-to-brain transport percentage (DTP) of 74.68%. The ZP-LPH showed enhanced antipsychotic activity in terms of animals' hypermobility over an IV drug solution in schizophrenic rats. The obtained results showed that the fabricated LPH was able to improve ZP brain uptake and proved its antipsychotic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadel A Abo El-Enin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization of Drug Control and Research (NODCAR) (Previously), Egyptian Drug Authority (Currently), Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Alaa S Tulbah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany W Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Salama
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Ibrahim A Naguib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Yassin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
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Ahmad M, Nawaz T, Hussain I, Chen X, Imran M, Hussain R, Assiri MA, Ali S, Wu Z. Phosphazene Cyclomatrix Network-Based Polymer: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:28694-28707. [PMID: 36033672 PMCID: PMC9404196 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyphosphazenes are an inorganic molecular hybrid family with multifunctional properties due to their wide range of organic substitutes. This review intends to propose the basics of the synthetic chemistry of polyphosphazene, describing for researchers outside the field the basic knowledge required to design and prepare polyphosphazenes with desired properties. A special emphasis is placed on recent advances in chemical synthesis, which allow not only the synthesis of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and polydispersities but also the synthesis of novel branched designs and block copolymers. We also investigated the synthesis of polyphosphazenes using various functional materials. This review aims to assist researchers in synthesizing their specific polyphosphazene material with unique property combinations, with the hope of stimulating further research and even more innovative applications for these highly interesting multifaceted materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmad
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tehseen Nawaz
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, City University
of Hong Kong, Kowloon
Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Division
of Science and Technology, University of
Education, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research
Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61514, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafqat Ali
- Department
of Environment and Civil Engineering, Dongguan
University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhanpeng Wu
- State
Key
Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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Screening strategies for surface modification of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2022; 624:121973. [PMID: 35811041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles are promising platforms in the field of targeted drug delivery, integrating the positive features of polymeric and lipid nanocarriers. However, the use of bulk procedures in lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles formulation is hindering their large-scale manufacturing. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the suitability of alternative formulation methods, such as microfluidics, to obtain surface-tunable nanoparticles displaying suitable characteristics. Formulations were prepared by single-step nanoprecipitation or using a micromixer chip. The nanocarriers were then surface-modified with an aptamer and an antibody, two common nanoparticle vectorization strategies, developing an optimized functionalization protocol. Both naked and surface-modified nanoparticles were characterized in terms of size, polydispersity, zeta potential and morphology. Moreover, the aptamer/antibody association efficiency was also determined. Nano-sized monodisperse nanoparticles, exhibiting a spherical core-shell structure, were obtained through both procedures. Furthermore, all the nanocarriers were successfully functionalized, showing association efficiency values above 70%. Interestingly, microfluidic-based nanoparticles displayed a smaller size and a more positive zeta potential than those prepared by single-step nanoprecipitation. Outcomes suggest both techniques led to lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles displaying a similar functionalization efficiency. Conversely, the microfluidic approach provided an improved control over critical parameters, as particle size or charge, constituting an interesting alternative to traditional formulation procedures.
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